EP3218727A1 - Procédé et dispositif de diagnostic d'aiguillages électriques - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de diagnostic d'aiguillages électriques

Info

Publication number
EP3218727A1
EP3218727A1 EP15788408.1A EP15788408A EP3218727A1 EP 3218727 A1 EP3218727 A1 EP 3218727A1 EP 15788408 A EP15788408 A EP 15788408A EP 3218727 A1 EP3218727 A1 EP 3218727A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
current
magnetic field
points
measured
drive
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP15788408.1A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Gerd Neujahr
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Deutsche Bahn AG
Original Assignee
DB Netz AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=54366227&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP3218727(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by DB Netz AG filed Critical DB Netz AG
Publication of EP3218727A1 publication Critical patent/EP3218727A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R15/00—Details of measuring arrangements of the types provided for in groups G01R17/00 - G01R29/00, G01R33/00 - G01R33/26 or G01R35/00
    • G01R15/14—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks
    • G01R15/20—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks using galvano-magnetic devices, e.g. Hall-effect devices, i.e. measuring a magnetic field via the interaction between a current and a magnetic field, e.g. magneto resistive or Hall effect devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L1/00—Devices along the route controlled by interaction with the vehicle or train
    • B61L1/20—Safety arrangements for preventing or indicating malfunction of the device, e.g. by leakage current, by lightning
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L5/00—Local operating mechanisms for points or track-mounted scotch-blocks; Visible or audible signals; Local operating mechanisms for visible or audible signals
    • B61L5/06—Electric devices for operating points or scotch-blocks, e.g. using electromotive driving means
    • B61L5/062—Wiring diagrams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L5/00—Local operating mechanisms for points or track-mounted scotch-blocks; Visible or audible signals; Local operating mechanisms for visible or audible signals
    • B61L5/10—Locking mechanisms for points; Means for indicating the setting of points
    • B61L5/107—Locking mechanisms for points; Means for indicating the setting of points electrical control of points position
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R15/00—Details of measuring arrangements of the types provided for in groups G01R17/00 - G01R29/00, G01R33/00 - G01R33/26 or G01R35/00
    • G01R15/14—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks
    • G01R15/20—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks using galvano-magnetic devices, e.g. Hall-effect devices, i.e. measuring a magnetic field via the interaction between a current and a magnetic field, e.g. magneto resistive or Hall effect devices
    • G01R15/207—Constructional details independent of the type of device used
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/327—Testing of circuit interrupters, switches or circuit-breakers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the diagnosis of points and a diagnostic device for switches in routes of rail-bound traffic routes.
  • DE 37 15 478 A1 describes a circuit arrangement for monitoring a switch, which is supplied with a 4-wire circuit via a three-phase network. Circuit breakers are located in the phases and current monitors are used. When the switch is circulated, the current flowing through the various motor windings in several monitors measures the current and produces high or low signals which produce a bit pattern. ben, from which the state - from the circulation of the switch to the end position - can be seen.
  • EP 2 091 799 B1 describes a device for the contactless determination of the energy requirement of a point-setting drive, in which the actually consumed energy requirement of a three-phase motor is detected in a contactless and non-reactive manner for the assessment of the switching state.
  • a throttle is connected in parallel with a phase conductor, and the conductor connected to the throttle is guided opposite to the phase conductor connected to the motor or through a sensor.
  • the measurement result is at least partially compensated by the reactive current component generated in the choke.
  • the correspondingly compensated signal of the sensor, corrected for the reactive current component, is then evaluated.
  • a disadvantage of this measurement setup is, in particular, that the current clamps used here work with uniaxial Hall sensors.
  • a common disadvantage of the prior art is in particular the high circuit complexity. Furthermore, when equipping existing turnouts, it is necessary to change the wiring of the turnout to connect the monitoring of the drive. Overall, there is an increased effort by an additional interlocking planning, high installation costs, power interruptions in the installation of the monitoring system and associated blocking pauses. It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a cost-effective, versatile and usable without much effort point machine diagnostics available, which overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art.
  • the course of the current during one revolution of the drive is used as a measure of the state of the system. If, compared to the reference values of a proper condition, the drive power consumption is higher or shifts to higher values between successive measurements over time, it is considered that a higher power consumption is required to move the switch. This deterioration of the softness of the switch points to a corresponding need for maintenance or even to an immediate need for repair.
  • Today's 3D magnetic field sensors are available as such space-saving components that it is possible to mount the at least two sensors in a sensor housing, which can be attached directly to the cable cores of the switch power supply like a measuring strip.
  • the measurement of Amperage is thereby contactless, without interference with the power cabling, by measuring and evaluating the current flowing through the cable wires current caused magnetic flux in the vicinity of the cable wires.
  • the current of a suitable phase conductor of the drive is measured by each of the two multi-dimensional magnetic field sensors.
  • the current of a further conductor is measured simultaneously by one of the two magnetic field sensors in a contactless manner simultaneously with the already mentioned phase conductor.
  • the measured values are transmitted by cable or radio and a suitable interface to a data processing system where they are evaluated and stored.
  • the state of the switch is determined by comparing the current and power consumption values for both directions of rotation of the drive with reference values or empirical values which are stored in the data processing system. From this comparison, the data processing system determines the state of the switch and an expected maintenance effort for the switch.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the method is used in a so-called 4-wire circuit.
  • the diagnostic device is operated in RMS mode, i. E. , It always measures the rms value of the applied alternating current.
  • RMS mode i. E.
  • both cores are measured close to each other without contact by the same magnetic field sensor by placing it in the immediate vicinity of the insulated cores. The sum of the currents of phase and neutral conductors measured in this way differs depending on the direction of rotation.
  • a magnetic field sensor is advantageously attached to the insulated wires of two phase conductors as a current sensor.
  • both sensors are used in a measurement mode in which a full-wave sine wave measurement of the current of the associated phase conductors is performed in each case.
  • the current measurements can be compared with respect to their mutual phase relationship.
  • the phase relationship between two measured phase conductors changes with the direction of rotation.
  • either one or the other temporal phase shift occurs between the current intensity values of two phase conductors, so that the direction of rotation is determined by analyzing the occurring phase shift of the data processing system.
  • a connected data processing system which is additionally equipped with a voltage sensor, can also detect the phase shift between the input voltage of a defined phase conductor and the measured current profile of a defined phase conductor.
  • the measured phase shift between current and voltage can be used to calculate the reactive current and the reactive power, as well as the active current and active power.
  • the diagnostic device is installed in the region of the terminal strip of the points drive motor.
  • a space-saving and weight-saving sensor system is used, which also makes it possible to accommodate two magnetic field sensors together in one housing, which can be easily installed in the vicinity of the cable cores of the point power supply.
  • the current values of the point machine are detected, evaluated and displayed.
  • the measured values are transmitted to a data processing system and can there with other corresponding measured values such.
  • an evaluation function can compare the measured values with reference values under the given conditions and use only the differences between the measured values and the reference values as further data to be considered.
  • the measured values can be compared with one another over a period of time that is dependent on the mechanical position of the driven point. If, for example, the starting behavior of the engine changes due to a wear-related mechanical stiffness, the power consumption requirement of the drive will gradually increase over time. In order to be able to recognize such a trend at an early stage, the data from a longer period must be compared with each other.
  • a multidimensional representation is only cleared when the information is processed. This is done according to the invention by considering two time coordinates.
  • the measured values within one revolution cycle of the drive are described as a function of the one time coordinate, referred to as the circulation time Tu.
  • both coordinate axes are selected perpendicular to one another.
  • T v can be represented in the x direction, while the y direction is characterized by Tu.
  • a perspective representation could be selected.
  • a projection of the z-axis is considered on the xy plane according to the invention.
  • the zi values are color-coded.
  • the sequence of colored data points in the y direction shows the difference between the data value and the reference value within a circulation time Tu, which was measured during one revolution at time T v .
  • the data values at T V (i + i) are displayed in the same way. Since the (y (i + 1); z (i + 1)) pairs of values are shifted in parallel to the (yi; zi) value pairs in the direction of the T v axis, both measurements are shown side by side and can easily be compared for evaluation. Data values for identical phases of the changeover process in the case of different setting processes always lie on a parallell to the T v axis. This makes it possible to efficiently evaluate the evolution of readings at each stage of the shift by analyzing the evolution of the color along parallels to the x-axis.
  • the amount of information is reduced in that not every single z-value, but only certain value classes are coded, which are based on defined tolerance values for the data.
  • a meaningful representation is achieved with the aid of a few color values.
  • the value classes can also be chosen arbitrarily small, so that the representation of the measurement results shows corresponding color gradients.
  • the data points along a parallels to the comparison time axis are analyzed to determine whether there is a change in the data points in the direction of a tolerance limit to be defined. If a data value gradually exceeds ever higher tolerance thresholds during a certain phase of circulation, it can be expected that a critical state of the points follows, so that here too a message appears at the output unit indicating that the system is being examined by the service personnel got to.
  • Claim 9 describes a device according to the invention for implementing the measuring method according to the invention.
  • the device is used to diagnose electrical points in rail-bound traffic routes.
  • the diagnostic device consists of at least one measuring component and a data processing system.
  • the measuring component has at least two integrated 3D or multi-dimensional magnetic field sensors which measure the magnetic field simultaneously in all three spatial directions.
  • each magnetic field sensor can measure the current of each of a phase conductor of the switch drive without contact, even if they are not far apart, as the z. B. in the terminal block of the point motor drive in the interlocking is the case.
  • the at least two magnetic field sensors can be positioned relative to one another and can be attached in the vicinity of the cables to be measured in such a way that they can each measure different phase conductors separately from one another.
  • One of the magnetic field sensors can be mounted so that it can additionally measure the current of another conductor simultaneously with the phase conductor without contact.
  • the measuring component forwards its measured values to a data processing system which is set up in such a way that it determines and stores therefrom the direction of rotation and the current intensity profile in a phase conductor of the point machine drive.
  • the data processing system need not necessarily be complete in an external computer system, but may also be partially disposed within the housing comprising the measuring component, for. B. suitable microprocessor or PLC or similar
  • the processed data can be further processed by external parts of the data processing system, which are connected via suitable interfaces (eg Modbus).
  • the data processing system is also set up to analyze the current history and to use it as a measure of the compliance of the switch. From this it determines the state of the switch and an expected maintenance effort for the switch.
  • Particularly advantageous is the placement of the magnetic field sensors in a common housing.
  • the housing is designed so that it can be attached without additional fastening means in the vicinity of the terminals of the conductors to be measured.
  • the entire subsequent circuit complexity can be considerably reduced in comparison to the prior art.
  • These sensors operate without a toroidal core, so they offer the greatest advantage in terms of space and weight over the sensors used in the prior art.
  • the diagnostic device has adjustment options with regard to the measurement modes used (RMS or bipolar mode) as well as the measuring range.
  • a sensor measures the rms value of the applied alternating current at all times.
  • a sensor In bipolar mode, a sensor performs a full sine wave measurement of the current of the associated phase conductors.
  • Fig. 1 shows an exemplary 3D magnetic field sensor.
  • the 3D magnetic field sensor is able to detect even circular magnetic fields. This effect is used in the example that the current-carrying Line must not pass through a magnetic field sensor, but is guided over it at a small distance.
  • 3D or multi-dimensional magnetic field sensors allows contactless mounting directly to the existing motor cables, without having to disconnect or reconnect them.
  • the cables are passed according to the invention at a small distance to the magnetic field sensors.
  • FIG. 2 shows a possible embodiment of the measuring component of an inventive apparatus for the diagnosis of electrical points, which is housed together with data interface, A / D converter and the switch between RMS and bipolar mode in a common housing.
  • the magnetic field sensors are operated in RMS mode by way of example, i. E. , they always measure the rms value of the applied alternating current.
  • this mode to determine the direction of rotation of the drive, it is necessary for one of the magnetic field sensors to monitor the superposition of the currents of a phase conductor, e.g. L1, and the neutral conductor measures.
  • both cores are measured in close proximity to each other without contact by the same magnetic field sensor by placing it in the immediate vicinity of the insulated cores.
  • the sum of the currents of phase conductors L1 and neutral thus measured differs depending on the direction of rotation. In the one direction of rotation, a current flow is measured, while in the other direction of rotation, the current flowing through the phase conductor L1 current in the same strength flows back through the N-wire, so cancel the two magnetic fields detected by the magnetic field sensor.
  • the current curve measured by another sensor on another phase conductor, in this example L2 is used as a measure of the stiffness of the switch.
  • Fig. 2b shows the case in which both sensors are used in the bipolar measuring mode, in which in each case a sine-wave measurement of the current intensity of the associated phase conductor (here, for example, L1 and L2) is performed.
  • the current measurements can be compared with respect to their mutual phase. compared with each other.
  • the direction of rotation is determined by the data processing system. The direction of rotation detection is done by measuring the time relationship of the two sine waves.
  • a connected data processing system can determine the phase shift between an additionally bipolar measured input voltage of a defined phase conductor (eg L1) and the measured current profile in the same phase conductor and calculate the reactive power therefrom, so that in this mode not only the total current or the total power but also active and reactive current or active and reactive power can be calculated.
  • the current or power consumption of the points drive which is adjusted by the reactive component, is advantageously used as a measure of the inertia of the switch.
  • 3 shows an exemplary cabling concept according to the invention.
  • the small size and low weight make it possible to attach the measuring component of the diagnostic device to the existing wires of the points drive, instead of relocating the wires to be measured to the device, as required in the prior art.
  • each 4-wire soft- ware drive cable is assigned a single stroke; Thus, 3 points are monitored with the diagnostic device.
  • the diagnostic device measures directly on the existing cabling of the respective point machine drive, near a terminal block.
  • the terminal strip between the outer cable and the inner cable is used for this purpose.
  • FIGS. 2 a and 2 b each comprise at least two multi-dimensional magnetic field sensors which use a physical effect such as the Hall effect or magnetoresistive effects such as the GMR or AMR effect to generate a voltage to generate a current or a resistance proportional to the magnetic flux.
  • the invention however, is not left when the magnetic field sensors use other physical effects for measuring the magnetic field.
  • the housing contains by way of example in each case two 3D magnetic field sensors, past which the investigated phase conductors or neutral conductors are passed, in order to measure the strength of the magnetic flux.
  • the housing also contains an analogue / digital converter (A / D converter) as well as a data interface via which the measuring component can be used.
  • a / D converter an analogue / digital converter
  • B via cable or wirelessly connected to a data processing system as an analysis component.
  • the diagnostic device can be switched back and forth between the operating modes "Bipolar” or "RMS" via a microcontroller.
  • the transmission of the measured data takes place by means of a suitable interface.
  • a suitable interface In this example a 4-20 mA interface is used. Depending on environmental conditions and distances, other wired interfaces are possible, as well as wireless, z. B. radio interfaces.
  • the functions control of the measurement process, preparation of the measurement data, analysis of the measurement data and the visualization can be functions of the connected data processing system or of the measuring device.
  • the measured values are in this example taken from the 3D magnetic field sensors and subtracted from the reference values of an intact drive stored in a database.
  • the differences from the reference values, ⁇ are divided into tolerance ranges. No or only slight deviations from the reference value are assigned to the tolerance range TO in this example. Larger deviations in the tolerance ranges T1 to T4. When the tolerance range T4 is reached, there is an acute danger to the functionality of the drive.
  • the color green is assigned to the tolerance range TO and thus stands for a correlation of the measured data with the reference values or an insignificant deviation.
  • T1 to T4 are assigned, for example, the colors yellow, orange, bright red and dark red, T-1 the color blue.
  • the comparison time T v is plotted
  • the y direction shows the measured values during one revolution (Tu) of the drive.
  • Tu the movement of the points drive
  • the data which are shown from the center to the top, describe a deflection of the drive in the left position.
  • T v axis several rounds are shown side by side.
  • the points drive comes in each case after about the same orbital period TUE in the end position. Equal phases of the circulation are therefore comparable to one another along parallels to the T v axis.
  • FIG. 4 In the upper area of FIG. 4 (left-hand rotation), it can be seen by way of example how a sudden transition from green color values to red occurs.
  • an event has caused a damage to the switch, which must be rectified immediately. Accordingly, an alarm message is issued and an immediate check of the system is triggered.
  • the spare parts needed for the repair are determined and displayed by comparison with the data stored in a database.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Measuring Magnetic Variables (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de diagnostic d'aiguillages ainsi qu'un dispositif de diagnostic d'aiguillages dans des infrastructures ferroviaires de voies de circulation ferroviaires ou autres entraînements à courant triphasé au moyen d'un modèle de fonctionnement cyclique. Le courant d'un conducteur de phase approprié de l'entraînement est mesuré respectivement au moyen d'au moins deux capteurs de champ magnétique multidimensionnels. L'invention concerne deux procédés de mesure différents qui peuvent être mis en œuvre avec le même dispositif. Selon le type de mesure, un des deux capteurs mesure sans contact, en plus et en même temps que le conducteur de phase mentionné ci-dessus, le courant d'un autre conducteur. Les valeurs mesurées des capteurs de champ magnétique sont transmises à un système de traitement de données par un câble de mesure, un bus, ou par radio au moyen d'une interface appropriée, et y sont évaluées et mémorisées. À partir du décalage temporel des signaux des deux phases raccordées à l'entraînement, le système de traitement de données détermine le sens de rotation du courant triphasé présent au niveau de l'entraînement. L'évaluation utilise le fait que l'absorption de courant ou de puissance de l'entraînement peut être déterminée par l'intermédiaire de l'intensité de courant de n'importe quel conducteur de phase, et peut donc être utilisée en tant que mesure de la dureté de fonctionnement de l'aiguillage L'état de l'aiguillage est déterminé en comparant, pour les deux sens de rotation de l'entraînement, l'absorption de courant ou de puissance de l'entraînement à des valeurs de référence ou à des valeurs historiques qui sont mémorisées dans le système de traitement de données. À partir de cette comparaison, le système de traitement de données détermine l'entretien nécessaire à prévoir pour l'aiguillage.
EP15788408.1A 2014-11-14 2015-11-02 Procédé et dispositif de diagnostic d'aiguillages électriques Withdrawn EP3218727A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102014223234.1A DE102014223234B3 (de) 2014-11-14 2014-11-14 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Diagnose elektrischer Weichen
PCT/EP2015/075454 WO2016074971A1 (fr) 2014-11-14 2015-11-02 Procédé et dispositif de diagnostic d'aiguillages électriques

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3218727A1 true EP3218727A1 (fr) 2017-09-20

Family

ID=54366227

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP15788408.1A Withdrawn EP3218727A1 (fr) 2014-11-14 2015-11-02 Procédé et dispositif de diagnostic d'aiguillages électriques

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3218727A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102014223234B3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2016074971A1 (fr)

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DE102016213766A1 (de) 2016-07-27 2018-02-01 Deutsche Bahn Ag Vorrichtung zur Diagnose einer mittels eines elektrischen Antriebsmotors angetriebenen mechanischen Anlage
DE102019200031A1 (de) 2019-01-03 2020-07-09 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Ermitteln einer Fehlerursache bei Weichenstörungen im schienengebundenen Verkehr
DE202019106325U1 (de) * 2019-11-13 2021-02-17 Wago Verwaltungsgesellschaft Mbh Reihenklemmenelement
DE102020108184A1 (de) 2020-03-25 2021-09-30 Jungheinrich Aktiengesellschaft Flurförderzeug mit einem Kommunikationsnetzwerk und Diagnoseverfahren für ein Flurförderzeug mit einem Kommunikationsnetzwerk
EP3995838A1 (fr) * 2020-11-06 2022-05-11 MAHLE International GmbH Dispositif de surveillance d'état de fonctionnement pour surveiller un câble de connexion et procédé de commande d'état de fonctionnement pour surveiller un état de fonctionnement d'un câble de connexion conducteur
EP4008605A1 (fr) 2020-12-04 2022-06-08 Siemens Mobility GmbH Procédé et dispositif permettant de diagnostiquer un aiguillage ferroviaire à l'aide d'une machine d'aiguillage
CN112660200B (zh) * 2021-03-17 2021-06-22 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 基于磁编码的铁路道岔位置测定装置及方法
DE102022208872A1 (de) 2022-08-26 2024-02-29 Siemens Mobility GmbH Verfahren Zur Diagnose eines wechselstrombetriebenen Weichenantriebs und Weichenbetriebseinrichtung

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2016074971A1 (fr) 2016-05-19
DE102014223234B3 (de) 2016-03-17

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