EP3218114B1 - Method for monitoring and/or regulating the operation of a centrifuge - Google Patents

Method for monitoring and/or regulating the operation of a centrifuge Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3218114B1
EP3218114B1 EP15784698.1A EP15784698A EP3218114B1 EP 3218114 B1 EP3218114 B1 EP 3218114B1 EP 15784698 A EP15784698 A EP 15784698A EP 3218114 B1 EP3218114 B1 EP 3218114B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
force
centrifuge
drum
force sensors
measurement
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EP15784698.1A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3218114A1 (en
Inventor
Wilfried Mackel
Kathrin Quiter
Thomas Bathelt
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GEA Mechanical Equipment GmbH
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GEA Mechanical Equipment GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
    • B04B11/00—Feeding, charging, or discharging bowls
    • B04B11/04—Periodical feeding or discharging; Control arrangements therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
    • B04B9/00—Drives specially designed for centrifuges; Arrangement or disposition of transmission gearing; Suspending or balancing rotary bowls
    • B04B9/12—Suspending rotary bowls ; Bearings; Packings for bearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
    • B04B13/00—Control arrangements specially designed for centrifuges; Programme control of centrifuges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
    • B04B9/00—Drives specially designed for centrifuges; Arrangement or disposition of transmission gearing; Suspending or balancing rotary bowls
    • B04B9/10—Control of the drive; Speed regulating

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for monitoring and / or controlling and / or regulating the operation of a centrifuge, in particular a separator, during the centrifugal processing of a product, in particular when clarifying a product and / or when separating a product into different liquid phases.
  • the DE 4111933 C1 discloses drain monitoring based on a measurement of the increase in the current of the drive motor of the drum or a decrease in the speed of the drum.
  • Another generic method is from the DE 102008062055 A1 is known, which discloses a method for detecting a machine state, in which an evaluation of measured values for detecting the machine state takes place, the machine controller assigning and evaluating the measured value of a sensor to a machine component as a function of the control state.
  • the invention achieves this aim by the subject matter of claim 1. Thereafter, force measurements are carried out and evaluated with one or more force sensors. If there is a deviation from a specified behavior, an output is made. Optionally or alternatively, the force measurements or the evaluations of the force measurements are used in the control and / or regulation of the operation of the centrifuge.
  • the ongoing operation of the centrifuge during centrifugal processing of a product is thus monitored by one or more force measurements with one or more force sensors.
  • the operation is then regulated. Fault detection is possible, and preferably also optimization of the operation of the centrifuge by regulation as a function of predetermined limits of the force measurement (s).
  • the force measurements are also set in relation to one or more reference measurements, which makes it possible to assess parameters of the current state of the machine, the process engineering process, or their respective changes.
  • machine functions are then initiated to change the operating speed and / or process engineering process functions such as draining or changing the feed quantity.
  • an adjustment run to carry out the reference measurement is carried out once or repeatedly.
  • Force measuring rings and / or shear force transducers are preferably used to carry out the force measurements.
  • the machine control (a control and preferably regulating device) initiates machine and process or process actions to optimize the operation and their effects supervised.
  • a centrifuge in particular a separator with a vertical axis of rotation, is preferably set up on four elastic (foot) elements in which a drum is supported on elastic support bearings in the region of the drum bearing. This allows the supported system to move within narrow limits Movements result from the machine dynamic as well as the process engineering state of the centrifuge.
  • the static and dynamic forces that act on the foot elements and / or the support bearings on the drum bearing can be determined or measured in each case via the force sensors in the form of force measurements.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a separator for centrifugal processing of a product, in particular for clarifying a product from solids (or for concentrating such a phase) and / or for separating a product into different liquid phases.
  • the illustrated separator - and preferably designed for continuous operation - has a rotatable drum 1 (shown here only schematically) with a preferably vertical axis of rotation.
  • a separator plate package can be arranged in the drum 1 (not shown here).
  • the drum 1 also has a drive spindle 2 which can be driven by a drive connection to a drive motor 3.
  • the drive motor 3 could also be arranged as a direct drive in a direct extension of the drive spindle (not shown here).
  • a lead 4 for a product to be processed leads into the drum 1.
  • Liquids of different densities and possibly solids can be discharged through one or more drains 5a, 5b and possibly solids discharge openings 6 are guided out of the drum 1 (shown schematically).
  • controllable (and preferably throttling) valves are provided (not shown here).
  • the drum 1 is surrounded by a hood 7.
  • the rotatable drum 1 and preferably the drive / motor 3 (and possibly further elements such as the hood 7 are arranged and supported on a machine frame 8.
  • the machine frame 8 is in turn via one or more (preferably three or four) foot elements 9a , b, c, d, which has a spring element or — as here, for example, as a round bearing 14 — can be set up on a floor, in particular a foundation 10 (see Fig. 1 and 2nd )
  • one or more force sensors 11a to 11d and / or 11e are measured in each case (step I in Fig. 4 ).
  • the force sensors or force transducers 11a-11d and / or 11e can be provided in different areas of the centrifuge, in particular at points at which elements of the rotating system are resiliently supported on an abutment, i.e. in areas in which a movement of the rotating system in narrow limits is permitted or takes place. These movements result from the dynamic state of the machine, but also from the technical process, or changes in the centrifuge. The static and dynamic forces that act in this way can be measured via the force measurement.
  • one or more, and particularly preferably all, of the foot elements 9a-d are each assigned one of the force sensors 11a, b, c, d for carrying out the force measurements on the respective foot elements 9a-9d ( Fig. 1 , 2nd ).
  • one or more, particularly preferably at least 3, elastic support bearings 18 arranged in a circular symmetry in the region of a drum bearing are each assigned to one of the force sensors 11e for carrying out the force measurements on the respective support bearing 18 ( Fig. 1 , 3rd ). It is advantageous if on the support bearing or bearings 18 for resilient elastic support of a bearing housing 19 one of the force sensors 11e is provided on a section 20 of the machine frame 8 for carrying out the force measurements on the respective support bearing 18, for example below the respective support bearing 18 and above the machine frame section 20.
  • the force sensors 11a-11d and / or 11e are preferably designed for measuring pressure forces.
  • the force sensors 11a-11e are preferably connected, for example via a wire connection or wirelessly, to a control and / or regulating device 12 of the separator, on which their measurement results are evaluated (step II in FIG Fig. 4 ).
  • the control device 12 is preferably designed to display the determined values, for example on an output unit such as a display (step III in FIG Fig. 4 ) and / or to control the operation of the centrifuge (step IV in Fig. 4 ). If there is a deviation from a pre-stored behavior, for example a deviation from one or more target values, a warning signal can be output.
  • the measured data can also be used to control and / or regulate functions such as emptying solids during operation of the centrifuge (step IV).
  • the control device 12 preferably also controls the drive motor 2 (directly or via an intermediate device).
  • one of the force sensors 11a-11d designed for force measurement is used on each of the (one or more pieces) foot elements 9a, 9b, 9c, 9d.
  • This movement of the separator results from the machine dynamic but also the process engineering state of the centrifuge, in particular the drum 1.
  • the static and dynamic forces which act on the foot arrangements 9a-9d or the support bearings 18 of the machine can be measured by two, three or four foot elements (11a - 11d) or on the support bearings (11e) can be measured.
  • a force sensor 11a designed as a force measuring ring is provided on a foot element 9a. It is arranged between the machine frame 8 and the actual foot element 9a, which here is a spring element and a cover 14 surrounded circular bearing 15. The circular bearing 15 is in turn supported on a foundation frame 16 which forms part of the foundation / floor 10.
  • the elements of machine frame 8, circular bearing 14 and foundation frame 16 can be connected to one another with one or more bolts 17 oriented vertically here. This structure is preferably implemented on at least one or preferably on all of the foot arrangements 9a-9d.
  • a preload is generated in the force sensor 11a by means of the fastening nut 13 and the bolt 17.
  • the measurement takes place continuously continuously or at intervals.
  • the data measured by the force sensor (s) 11a-11d and / or 11e are forwarded to the control (and preferably regulating) device 12, where they are evaluated. Only one force can be measured at a time. However, it is also conceivable to record the results of all force sensors and to link and evaluate them appropriately in order to use them to create specifications for the control.
  • the recorded measurement data are compared with target data. At least one manipulated variable is determined on the basis of this comparison.
  • the control and regulating device 12 influences the operation of the centrifuge with the aid of the at least one manipulated variable (or several manipulated variables) in such a way that the controlled variable - the force and / or the deflection on the foot elements - is changed so that it is a assumes desired behavior.
  • measurements with which the weight of the centrifuge and / or changes in the weight of the centrifuge are / are determined can be carried out in a simple manner with the one or more force sensor (s). So it makes sense to carry out at least a first reference measurement with an empty drum (without product). A second measurement can then be carried out in an ideal operating state with a drum loaded with product. Deviations from these two states can then be determined and displayed. Caking inside the drum can be a cause of deviations from the desired states after the end of operation but also during operation. It may therefore make sense to conclude that the weight in the drum is increased if a limit value is exceeded.
  • Suitable force sensors are e.g. HBM force measuring rings, BROSA shear force transducers.
  • the forces are measured continuously or at intervals that are less than or equal to 1 min.
  • the method according to the invention is suitable for operating a centrifuge, in particular a separator with a vertical axis of rotation in continuous operation, which has a separating means such as a separating plate package in the drum.
  • a centrifuge in particular a separator with a vertical axis of rotation in continuous operation, which has a separating means such as a separating plate package in the drum.
  • the centrifuge can be designed in a different way, for example as a solid-bowl screw centrifuge, in particular with a horizontal axis of rotation (not shown here).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Überwachen und/oder Steuern und/oder Regeln des Betriebs einer Zentrifuge, insbesondere eines Separators, bei der zentrifugalen Verarbeitung eines Produktes, insbesondere bei einem Klären eines Produktes und/oder bei einem Trennen eines Produktes in verschiedene Flüssigkeitsphasen.The invention relates to a method for monitoring and / or controlling and / or regulating the operation of a centrifuge, in particular a separator, during the centrifugal processing of a product, in particular when clarifying a product and / or when separating a product into different liquid phases.

Derartige Verfahren sind aus dem Stand der Technik an sich bekannt, so aus der DE 26 26 763 A1 .Such methods are known per se from the prior art, so from the DE 26 26 763 A1 .

Die DE 4111933 C1 offenbart eine Entleerungsüberwachung anhand einer Messung des Anstiegs des Stroms des Antriebsmotors der Trommel oder eines Abfalls der Drehzahl der Trommel. Ein weiteres gattungsgemäßes Verfahren ist aus der DE 102008062055 A1 bekannt, die ein Verfahren zur Erfassung eines Maschinenzustands offenbart, bei dem eine Auswertung von Messwerten zur Erfassung des Maschinenzustandes erfolgt, wobei die Maschinensteuerung in Abhängigkeit vom Steuerungszustand den Messwert eines Sensors einer Maschinenkomponente zuordnet und bewertet.The DE 4111933 C1 discloses drain monitoring based on a measurement of the increase in the current of the drive motor of the drum or a decrease in the speed of the drum. Another generic method is from the DE 102008062055 A1 is known, which discloses a method for detecting a machine state, in which an evaluation of measured values for detecting the machine state takes place, the machine controller assigning and evaluating the measured value of a sensor to a machine component as a function of the control state.

Gegenüber dem Stand der Technik soll ein weiteres Verfahren zum Überwachen und/oder Regeln des Betriebs einer Zentrifuge geschaffen werden, welches gegenüber dem Stand der Technik neuartige Betriebsweisen und Analysen ermöglicht.Compared to the prior art, a further method for monitoring and / or regulating the operation of a centrifuge is to be created, which enables novel modes of operation and analyzes compared to the prior art.

Die Erfindung erreicht dieses Ziel durch den Gegenstand des Anspruchs 1. Danach werden mit einem oder mehreren Kraftsensoren Kraftmessungen durchgeführt und ausgewertet. Bei einer Abweichung von einem vorgegebenen Verhalten erfolgt eine Ausgabe. Optional oder alternativ werden die Kraftmessungen bzw. die Auswertungen der Kraftmessungen bei der Steuerung und/oder der Regelung des Betriebs der Zentrifuge verwendet.The invention achieves this aim by the subject matter of claim 1. Thereafter, force measurements are carried out and evaluated with one or more force sensors. If there is a deviation from a specified behavior, an output is made. Optionally or alternatively, the force measurements or the evaluations of the force measurements are used in the control and / or regulation of the operation of the centrifuge.

Es wird somit der laufende Betrieb der Zentrifuge bei der zentrifugalen Verarbeitung eines Produktes durch eine oder mehrere Kraftmessungen mit einem oder mehreren Kraftsensoren überwacht. Optional oder alternativ erfolgt dann auch eine Regelung des Betriebs. Es ist eine Fehlererkennung möglich und vorzugsweise auch eine Optimierung des Betriebs der Zentrifuge durch eine Regelung in Abhängigkeit von vorgegebenen Grenzen der Kraftmessung(en).The ongoing operation of the centrifuge during centrifugal processing of a product is thus monitored by one or more force measurements with one or more force sensors. Optionally or alternatively, the operation is then regulated. Fault detection is possible, and preferably also optimization of the operation of the centrifuge by regulation as a function of predetermined limits of the force measurement (s).

Die Kraftmessungen werden zudem jeweils in Relation zu einer oder mehreren Referenzmessung(en) gesetzt, wodurch eine Beurteilung von Parametern des aktuellen Zustands der Maschine, des verfahrenstechnischen Prozesses bzw. derer jeweiligen Veränderungen - möglich wird. In Abhängigkeit von statischen oder dynamischen Grenzwerten werden sodann Maschinenfunktionen ein Ändern der Betriebsdrehzahl und/oder verfahrenstechnische Prozessfunktionen wie Entleerungen oder ein Ändern der Zulaufmenge eingeleitet. Hierzu ist es vorteilhaft, dass einmalig oder wiederholt - ein Justierungslauf zur Durchführung der Referenzmessung durchgeführt wird.The force measurements are also set in relation to one or more reference measurements, which makes it possible to assess parameters of the current state of the machine, the process engineering process, or their respective changes. Depending on static or dynamic limit values, machine functions are then initiated to change the operating speed and / or process engineering process functions such as draining or changing the feed quantity. For this purpose, it is advantageous that an adjustment run to carry out the reference measurement is carried out once or repeatedly.

Zwar ist es aus dem Stand der Technik bekannt, beispielsweise axiale Auslenkungen der Antriebsspindel mit Sensoren zu erfassen. Derart kann der Betrieb einer Zentrifuge auf einfache Weise überwacht oder jedenfalls ergänzend überwacht werden. Die Überwachung und Steuerung mit Kraftsensoren liefert aber eine alternative Möglichkeit zur Überwachung und Steuerung zu den bekannten Verfahren. Zudem lässt sie sich mit den bekannten Verfahren kombinieren. Kraftsensoren bzw. Kraftaufnehmer stellen eine einfache Möglichkeit zur Überwachung und/oder Steuerung und Regelung des Betriebs der Zentrifuge dar, welche gegenüber dem Stand der Technik andere und/oder weitere Vorteile bietet.It is known from the prior art to detect, for example, axial deflections of the drive spindle with sensors. In this way, the operation of a centrifuge can be monitored in a simple manner or in any case additionally monitored. Monitoring and control with force sensors, however, provides an alternative option for monitoring and control to the known methods. It can also be combined with the known methods. Force sensors or force transducers represent a simple possibility for monitoring and / or controlling and regulating the operation of the centrifuge, which offers other and / or further advantages over the prior art.

Zur Durchführungen der Kraftmessungen werden vorzugsweise Kraftmessringe und/oder Scherkraftaufnehmer eingesetzt.Force measuring rings and / or shear force transducers are preferably used to carry out the force measurements.

Aus den Messdaten der Kraftmessungen z.B. an Federelementen an den Fußelementen und/oder an der Trommellagerung der Zentrifuge können Rückschlüsse auf den Betriebszustand gezogen werden.From the measurement data of the force measurements e.g. Conclusions about the operating status can be drawn from spring elements on the foot elements and / or on the drum bearings of the centrifuge.

Vorzugsweise werden in Abhängigkeit der Analyse der Messung durch die Maschinensteuerung, ggf. weiteren Zustandsgrößen der Zentrifuge und ggf. des jeweiligen verfahrenstechnischen Prozesses von der Maschinensteuerung (eine Steuerungs- und vorzugsweise Regeleinrichtung) Maschinen- und Prozess- bzw. Verfahrensaktionen zur Betriebsoptimierung eingeleitet und deren Auswirkungen überwacht.Depending on the analysis of the measurement by the machine control, possibly further state variables of the centrifuge and possibly the respective process-related process, the machine control (a control and preferably regulating device) initiates machine and process or process actions to optimize the operation and their effects supervised.

Vorzugsweise ist eine Zentrifuge, insbesondere ein Separator mit vertikaler Drehachse auf vier elastischen (Fuß-)Elementen aufgestellt in welchem sich eine Trommel auf elastischen Stützlagern im Bereich der Trommellagerung abstützt. Hierdurch ist jeweils in engen Grenzen eine Bewegung des abgestützten Systems möglich Diese Bewegungen ergeben sich aus dem maschinendynamischen aber auch dem prozesstechnischen Zustand der Zentrifuge. Die statischen und dynamischen Kräfte, welche auf die Fußelemente und/oder die Stützlager an der Trommellagerung wirken, können jeweils über die Kraftsensoren in Form von Kraftmessungen bestimmt bzw. gemessen werden.A centrifuge, in particular a separator with a vertical axis of rotation, is preferably set up on four elastic (foot) elements in which a drum is supported on elastic support bearings in the region of the drum bearing. This allows the supported system to move within narrow limits Movements result from the machine dynamic as well as the process engineering state of the centrifuge. The static and dynamic forces that act on the foot elements and / or the support bearings on the drum bearing can be determined or measured in each case via the force sensors in the form of force measurements.

Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind den Unteransprüchen zu entnehmen.Advantageous embodiments of the invention can be found in the subclaims.

Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung unter Bezug auf die Zeichnung anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels näher beschrieben.

Fig. 1
zeigt eine stark vereinfachte schematische Darstellung eines ersten Separators zur zentrifugalen Verarbeitung eines Produktes;
Fig. 2
eine teilgeschnittene sowie vergrößerte und detailliertere Ansicht eines Teilbereichs des Separators aus Fig. 2; und
Fig. 3
eine teilgeschnittene sowie vergrößerte und detailliertere Ansicht eines weiteren Teilbereichs des Separators aus Fig. 2; und
Fig. 4
ein Flussdiagramm.
The invention is described in more detail below with reference to the drawing using an exemplary embodiment.
Fig. 1
shows a highly simplified schematic representation of a first separator for centrifugal processing of a product;
Fig. 2
a partially sectioned and enlarged and detailed view of a portion of the separator Fig. 2 ; and
Fig. 3
a partially sectioned and enlarged and more detailed view of another portion of the separator Fig. 2 ; and
Fig. 4
a flow chart.

Fig. 1 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung eines Separators zur zentrifugalen Verarbeitung eines Produktes, insbesondere zum Klären eines Produktes von Feststoffen (oder zum Aufkonzentrieren einer solchen Phase) und/oder zum Trennen eines Produktes in verschiedene Flüssigkeitsphasen. Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a separator for centrifugal processing of a product, in particular for clarifying a product from solids (or for concentrating such a phase) and / or for separating a product into different liquid phases.

Der in Fig. 1 abgebildete - und vorzugsweise für einen kontinuierlichen Betrieb ausgelegte - Separator weist eine (hier nur schematisch dargestellte) drehbare Trommel 1 mit vorzugsweise vertikaler Drehachse auf. In der Trommel 1 kann ein Trenntellerpaket angeordnet sein (hier nicht dargestellt). Die Trommel 1 weist ferner eine Antriebsspindel 2 auf, die über eine Antriebsverbindung mit einem Antriebsmotor 3 antreibbar ist. Der Antriebsmotor 3 könnte auch als Direktantrieb in direkter Verlängerung der Antriebsspindel angeordnet sein (hier nicht dargestellt).The in Fig. 1 The illustrated separator - and preferably designed for continuous operation - has a rotatable drum 1 (shown here only schematically) with a preferably vertical axis of rotation. A separator plate package can be arranged in the drum 1 (not shown here). The drum 1 also has a drive spindle 2 which can be driven by a drive connection to a drive motor 3. The drive motor 3 could also be arranged as a direct drive in a direct extension of the drive spindle (not shown here).

In die Trommel 1 führt eine Zuleitung 4 für ein zu verarbeitendes Produkt. Flüssigkeiten verschiedenere Dichte und ggf. Feststoffe können durch eine oder mehrere Ableitungen 5a, 5b und ggf. Feststoffaustragsöffnungen 6 aus der Trommel 1 geleitet werden (schematisch dargestellt). In der Zuleitung 4 und der oder den Ableitung(en) 5a und ggf. 5b sind vorzugsweise steuerbare (und vorzugsweise drosselbare) Ventile vorgesehen(hier nicht dargestellt). Die Trommel 1 ist von einer Haube 7 umgeben.A lead 4 for a product to be processed leads into the drum 1. Liquids of different densities and possibly solids can be discharged through one or more drains 5a, 5b and possibly solids discharge openings 6 are guided out of the drum 1 (shown schematically). In the feed line 4 and the drain line (s) 5a and 5b if appropriate, controllable (and preferably throttling) valves are provided (not shown here). The drum 1 is surrounded by a hood 7.

Die rotierbare Trommel 1 und vorzugsweise der Antrieb/Motor 3 (und ggf. weitere Elemente wie die Haube 7 sind auf einem Maschinengestell 8 angeordnet und an diesem abgestützt. Das Maschinengestell 8 ist wiederum über eines oder hier mehrere (vorzugsweise drei oder vier) Fußelemente 9a, b, c, d, die ein Federelement aufweist oder-wie hier beispielsweise als Rundlager 14 - ausgebildet sein kann, auf einem Boden, insbesondere einem Fundament 10, aufgestellt (siehe Fig. 1 und 2)The rotatable drum 1 and preferably the drive / motor 3 (and possibly further elements such as the hood 7 are arranged and supported on a machine frame 8. The machine frame 8 is in turn via one or more (preferably three or four) foot elements 9a , b, c, d, which has a spring element or — as here, for example, as a round bearing 14 — can be set up on a floor, in particular a foundation 10 (see Fig. 1 and 2nd )

Während des Betriebs, d.h. während eines Drehens der Trommel 1, werden an einem oder mehreren Kraftsensoren 11a bis 11d und/oder 11e (siehe Fig. 3) jeweils eine oder mehrere Kräfte gemessen (Schritt I in Fig. 4).During operation, ie during a rotation of the drum 1, one or more force sensors 11a to 11d and / or 11e (see Fig. 3 ) one or more forces are measured in each case (step I in Fig. 4 ).

Die Kraftsensoren bzw. Kraftaufnehmer 11a - 11d und/oder 11e können in verschiedenen Bereichen der Zentrifuge vorgesehen sein, insbesondere an Stellen, an welchen Elemente des rotierenden Systems federnd an einem Widerlager abgestützt sind, also in Bereichen, in welchen eine Bewegung des rotierenden Systems in engen Grenzen zugelassen ist bzw. erfolgt. Diese Bewegungen ergeben sich aus dem maschinendynamischen aber auch dem prozesstechnischen Zustand bzw. deren Änderungen der Zentrifuge. Die statischen und dynamischen Kräfte, welche derart wirken, können über die Kraftmessung gemessen werden.The force sensors or force transducers 11a-11d and / or 11e can be provided in different areas of the centrifuge, in particular at points at which elements of the rotating system are resiliently supported on an abutment, i.e. in areas in which a movement of the rotating system in narrow limits is permitted or takes place. These movements result from the dynamic state of the machine, but also from the technical process, or changes in the centrifuge. The static and dynamic forces that act in this way can be measured via the force measurement.

Nach einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel ist oder sind einem oder mehreren, besonders bevorzugt sämtlichen der Fußelemente 9a - d jeweils einer der Kraftsensoren 11a, b, c, d zur Durchführung der Kraftmessungen an den jeweiligen Fußelementen 9a - 9d zugeordnet (Fig. 1, 2).According to a first exemplary embodiment, one or more, and particularly preferably all, of the foot elements 9a-d are each assigned one of the force sensors 11a, b, c, d for carrying out the force measurements on the respective foot elements 9a-9d ( Fig. 1 , 2nd ).

Alternativ oder zusätzlich ist bei einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel einem oder mehreren, besonders bevorzugt mindestens 3 kreissymmetrisch angeordneten elastischen Stützlagern 18 im Bereich einer Trommellagerung (hier nicht dargestellt) jeweils einer der Kraftsensoren 11e zur Durchführung der Kraftmessungen an dem jeweiligen Stützlager 18 zugeordnet (Fig. 1, 3). Dabei ist es vorteilhaft, wenn an dem oder den Stützlagern 18 zur federnden elastischen Abstützung eines Lagergehäuses 19 an einem Abschnitt 20 des Maschinengestells 8 jeweils einer der Kraftsensoren 11e zur Durchführung der Kraftmessungen an dem jeweiligen Stützlager 18 vorgesehen ist, beispielsweise unterhalb des jeweiligen Stützlagers 18 und oberhalb des Maschinengestellabschnitts 20.Alternatively or additionally, in a second exemplary embodiment, one or more, particularly preferably at least 3, elastic support bearings 18 arranged in a circular symmetry in the region of a drum bearing (not shown here) are each assigned to one of the force sensors 11e for carrying out the force measurements on the respective support bearing 18 ( Fig. 1 , 3rd ). It is advantageous if on the support bearing or bearings 18 for resilient elastic support of a bearing housing 19 one of the force sensors 11e is provided on a section 20 of the machine frame 8 for carrying out the force measurements on the respective support bearing 18, for example below the respective support bearing 18 and above the machine frame section 20.

Die Kraftsensoren 11a - 11d und/oder 11e sind vorzugsweise zur Messung von Druckkräften ausgelegt.The force sensors 11a-11d and / or 11e are preferably designed for measuring pressure forces.

Vorzugsweise sind die Kraftsensoren 11a - 11e beispielsweise über eine Drahtverbindung oder drahtlos - ferner mit einem Steuerungs- und/oder Regelungseinrichtung 12 des Separators verbunden, an der ihre Messergebnisse ausgewertet werden (Schritt II in Fig. 4). Die Steuerungseinrichtung 12 ist vorzugsweise dazu ausgelegt, die die ermittelten Werte beispielsweise an einer Ausgabeeinheit wie einem Display anzuzeigen (Schritt III in Fig. 4)und/oder zur Steuerung/Regelung des Betriebs der Zentrifuge zu verwenden (Schritt IV in Fig. 4). Bei einem Abweichen von einem vorgespeicherten Verhalten, beispielsweise bei einer Abweichung von einem oder mehreren Sollwerten, kann ein Warnsignal ausgegeben werden. Anhand der Messdaten können auch Funktionen wie Feststoffentleerungen beim Betrieb der Zentrifuge gesteuert und/oder geregelt werden (Schritt IV). Die Steuerungseinrichtung 12 steuert vorzugsweise (direkt oder über eine zwischengeschaltete Einrichtung) auch den Antriebsmotor 2 an.The force sensors 11a-11e are preferably connected, for example via a wire connection or wirelessly, to a control and / or regulating device 12 of the separator, on which their measurement results are evaluated (step II in FIG Fig. 4 ). The control device 12 is preferably designed to display the determined values, for example on an output unit such as a display (step III in FIG Fig. 4 ) and / or to control the operation of the centrifuge (step IV in Fig. 4 ). If there is a deviation from a pre-stored behavior, for example a deviation from one or more target values, a warning signal can be output. The measured data can also be used to control and / or regulate functions such as emptying solids during operation of the centrifuge (step IV). The control device 12 preferably also controls the drive motor 2 (directly or via an intermediate device).

Vorzugsweise wird an jedem der (ein- oder mehrstückigen) Fußelementen 9a, 9b, 9c, 9d einer der zur Kraftmessung ausgelegten Kraftsensoren 11a - 11d eingesetzt.Preferably, one of the force sensors 11a-11d designed for force measurement is used on each of the (one or more pieces) foot elements 9a, 9b, 9c, 9d.

Diese Bewegung des Separators ergeben sich aus dem maschinendynamischen aber auch dem prozesstechnischen Zustand der Zentrifuge, insbesondere er Trommel 1. Die statischen und dynamischen Kräfte, welche auf die Fußanordnungen 9a - 9d oder die Stützlager 18 der Maschine wirken, können über die Kraftmessung unter zwei, drei oder vier Fußelementen (11a - 11d) oder an den Stützlagern (11e) gemessen werden.This movement of the separator results from the machine dynamic but also the process engineering state of the centrifuge, in particular the drum 1. The static and dynamic forces which act on the foot arrangements 9a-9d or the support bearings 18 of the machine can be measured by two, three or four foot elements (11a - 11d) or on the support bearings (11e) can be measured.

Eine beispielhafte Art der Anordnung der Kraftsensoren 11a - 11d veranschaulicht Fig. 2. Hier ist ein als Kraftmessring ausgelegter Kraftsensor 11a an einem Fußelement 9a vorgesehen. Er ist zwischen dem Maschinengestell 8 und dem eigentlichen Fußelement 9a angeordnet, welches hier als Federelement ein von einer Abdeckung 14 umgebenes Rundlager 15 aufweist. Das Rundlager 15 ist wiederum auf einem Fundamentrahmen 16 abgestützt, welches einen Teil des Fundamentes/Bodens 10 bildet. Mit einem oder mehreren hier vertikal ausgerichteten Bolzen 17 können die Elemente Maschinengestell 8, Rundlager 14 und Fundamentrahmen 16 miteinander verbunden sein. Dieser Aufbau wird vorzugsweise wenigstens an einem oder vorzugsweise an sämtlichen der Fußanordnungen 9a - 9d realisiert. Mittels Befestigungsmutter 13 und Bolzen 17 wird eine Vorspannung im Kraftsensor 11a erzeugt.An exemplary type of arrangement of the force sensors 11a-11d is illustrated Fig. 2 . Here, a force sensor 11a designed as a force measuring ring is provided on a foot element 9a. It is arranged between the machine frame 8 and the actual foot element 9a, which here is a spring element and a cover 14 surrounded circular bearing 15. The circular bearing 15 is in turn supported on a foundation frame 16 which forms part of the foundation / floor 10. The elements of machine frame 8, circular bearing 14 and foundation frame 16 can be connected to one another with one or more bolts 17 oriented vertically here. This structure is preferably implemented on at least one or preferably on all of the foot arrangements 9a-9d. A preload is generated in the force sensor 11a by means of the fastening nut 13 and the bolt 17.

Das Messen findet fortlaufend kontinuierlich oder in Intervallen statt. Die von der oder den Kraftsensoren 11a - 11d und/oder 11e gemessenen Daten werden an die Steuerungs(und vorzugsweise Regel-)einrichtung 12 weitergeleitet, wo sie ausgewertet werden. So kann jeweils nur eine Kraft gemessen werden. Es ist aber auch denkbar, die Ergebnisse sämtlicher Kraftsensoren aufzunehmen und geeignet miteinander zu verknüpfen und auszuwerten, um daraus Vorgaben für die Regelung zu erstellen.The measurement takes place continuously continuously or at intervals. The data measured by the force sensor (s) 11a-11d and / or 11e are forwarded to the control (and preferably regulating) device 12, where they are evaluated. Only one force can be measured at a time. However, it is also conceivable to record the results of all force sensors and to link and evaluate them appropriately in order to use them to create specifications for the control.

Die aufgenommenen Messdaten werden mit Solldaten verglichen. Anhand dieses Vergleiches wird wenigstens eine Stellgröße ermittelt. Mit der Steuerung- und Regelungseinrichtung 12 wird mit Hilfe der wenigstens einen Stellgröße (oder mehreren Stellgrößen) so Einfluss auf den Betrieb der Zentrifuge genommen, dass die Regelgröße - die Kraft und/oder die Auslenkung an den Fußelementen - so verändert wird, dass sie ein gewünschtes Verhalten annimmt.The recorded measurement data are compared with target data. At least one manipulated variable is determined on the basis of this comparison. The control and regulating device 12 influences the operation of the centrifuge with the aid of the at least one manipulated variable (or several manipulated variables) in such a way that the controlled variable - the force and / or the deflection on the foot elements - is changed so that it is a assumes desired behavior.

Es ist besonders vorteilhaft - wie bereits erwähnt - ergänzend oder alternativ zu den Kraftmessungen an den Fußelementen 9a - 9d Kraftmessungen direkt in der Nähe der Trommellagerung (Kraftsensoren 11e) an einem oder mehreren Stützlagern 18 vorzunehmen. Denn in diesem Bereich wird das Verhältnis zwischen dem Messsignal und dem Nutzsignal deutlich verbessert, da Maschinengestell, Antriebsteile und Motor nicht in die Messung eingehen.It is particularly advantageous - as already mentioned - to carry out force measurements directly or in the vicinity of the drum bearing (force sensors 11e) on one or more support bearings 18 in addition or as an alternative to the force measurements on the foot elements 9a-9d. This is because the ratio between the measurement signal and the useful signal is significantly improved in this area, since the machine frame, drive parts and motor are not included in the measurement.

Es ist ferner denkbar, eine zusätzliche Messung an einem oder mehreren Füßen in horizontaler Richtung vorzunehmen und/oder eine zusätzliche Messung während und nach einer Entleerung von Feststoffen durch die Feststoffaustragsöffnungen 6 (wenn diese diskontinuierlich verschließbar sind (Info aus Maschinensteuerung).It is also conceivable to carry out an additional measurement on one or more feet in the horizontal direction and / or an additional measurement during and after emptying of solids through the solids discharge openings 6 (if these can be closed discontinuously (information from machine control).

Durch eine Messung von Querkräften können Rückschlüsse auf das Entleerungsverhalten und die Entleerungsmenge gezogen werden.By measuring transverse forces, conclusions can be drawn about the emptying behavior and the amount emptied.

Durchführbar sind beispielsweise auf einfache Weise mit der einen oder den mehreren Kraftsensor(en) Messungen, mit welcher/welchen das Gewicht der Zentrifuge und/oder Veränderungen des Gewichtszustandes der Zentrifuge ermittelt wird/werden. So ist es sinnvoll, mit einer leeren Trommel (ohne Produkt) wenigstens eine erste Referenzmessung vorzunehmen. In einem idealen Betriebszustand mit einer mit Produkt beschickter Trommel kann sodann eine zweite Messung vorgenommen werden. Abweichungen von diesen beiden Zuständen können sodann ermittelt und angezeigt werden. Eine Ursache für Abweichungen von den gewünschten Zuständen nach Beendigung des Betriebs aber auch im laufenden Betrieb können Anbackungen im Trommelinneren sein. Daher kann es Sinn machen, bei einem Überschreiten eines Grenzwerts auf ein erhöhtes Gewicht in der Trommel zu schließen. In diesem Zustand ist es sinnvoll, eine Gegenmaßnahme einzuleiten, beispielsweise eine Feststoffentleerung oder im Einzelfall sogar eine Unterbrechung des Prozesses zur Durchführung einer CIP-Reinigung. Nach einer Variante werden hingegen zusätzlich kapitale Lagerschäden und/oder Unwuchten oder dgl. anhand der Messdaten ermittelt.For example, measurements with which the weight of the centrifuge and / or changes in the weight of the centrifuge are / are determined can be carried out in a simple manner with the one or more force sensor (s). So it makes sense to carry out at least a first reference measurement with an empty drum (without product). A second measurement can then be carried out in an ideal operating state with a drum loaded with product. Deviations from these two states can then be determined and displayed. Caking inside the drum can be a cause of deviations from the desired states after the end of operation but also during operation. It may therefore make sense to conclude that the weight in the drum is increased if a limit value is exceeded. In this state, it makes sense to initiate a countermeasure, such as emptying the solids or, in some cases, even interrupting the process for performing a CIP cleaning. According to a variant, however, additional bearing damage and / or unbalance or the like are determined on the basis of the measurement data.

Bekannte Frequenzen (Motordrehzahl, Trommeldrehzahl, Lagerrollen, Lagerkäfig) können zur Verbesserung der Qualität des Nutzsignals herausgefiltert werden. Als Kraftsensoren eignen sich z.B. Kraftmessringe von HBM, Scherkraftaufnehmer von BROSA.Known frequencies (motor speed, drum speed, bearing rollers, bearing cage) can be filtered out to improve the quality of the useful signal. Suitable force sensors are e.g. HBM force measuring rings, BROSA shear force transducers.

Bevorzugt ist, dass das Messen der Kräfte fortlaufend oder in Intervallen erfolgt, die kleiner gleich 1 min sind.It is preferred that the forces are measured continuously or at intervals that are less than or equal to 1 min.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ist zum Betreiben einer Zentrifuge, insbesondere eines Separators mit vertikaler Drehachse im kontinuierlichen Betrieb geeignet, der über ein Abscheidemittel wie ein Trenntellerpaket in der Trommel verfügt. Alternativ kann die Zentrifuge auf andere Weise ausgebildet sein, beispielsweise als Vollmantel-Schneckenzentrifuge, insbesondere mit einer horizontalen Drehachse (hier nicht dargestellt). Bezugszeichen Trommel 1 Antriebsspindel 2 Motor 3 Zuleitung 4 Ableitungen 5a, 5b Feststoffaustragsöffnungen 6 Haube 7 Maschinengestell 8 Fußelemente 9a, 9b, 9c, 9d Fundament 10 Kraftsensoren 11a, 11b, 11c, 11d, 11e Steuerungseinrichtung 12 Befestigungsmutter 13 Abdeckung 14 Rundlager 15 Fundamentrahmen 16 Bolzen des Rundlagers 17 Stützlager 18 Lagergehäuse 19 Maschinengestellabschnitt 20 The method according to the invention is suitable for operating a centrifuge, in particular a separator with a vertical axis of rotation in continuous operation, which has a separating means such as a separating plate package in the drum. Alternatively, the centrifuge can be designed in a different way, for example as a solid-bowl screw centrifuge, in particular with a horizontal axis of rotation (not shown here). <b> reference number </b> drum 1 Drive spindle 2nd engine 3rd Supply 4th Derivatives 5a, 5b Solid discharge openings 6 Hood 7 Machine frame 8th Foot elements 9a, 9b, 9c, 9d foundation 10th Force sensors 11a, 11b, 11c, 11d, 11e Control device 12th Mounting nut 13 cover 14 Circular bearing 15 Foundation frame 16 Bolt of the circular bearing 17th Support bearing 18th Bearing housing 19th Machine frame section 20

Claims (14)

  1. A method for monitoring and/or controlling and/or regulating the operation of a centrifuge, in particular a separator, during the centrifugal processing of a product, in particular when clarifying a product and/or when separating a product into various liquid phases, wherein the centrifuge comprises at least the following: a drum (1) rotatable by a drive spindle (2), a drum mounting, and a drive motor (3), wherein force measurements are carried out (step I) and analyzed (step II) using one or more force sensors (11a - 11d), and in the event of a deviation from a predefined behavior, an output is performed (step III), and/or the analyses are used for or during the control and/or regulation of the operation of the centrifuge (step IV) characterized in that a calibration run is carried out once or repeatedly to carry out a reference measurement.
  2. The method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the force measurements (step I) are performed using one or more force transducer(s).
  3. The method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the force measurements (step I) are performed using one or more force washers.
  4. The method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the force measurements (step I) are performed using one or more shear force transducers.
  5. The method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the measurement of the force development is performed using one or more force sensors (9a - 9d, 9e), which are arranged at points of the centrifuge at which at least the weight of the rotating system or the entire centrifuge is elastically supported against a counter bearing, so that limited vertical and/or horizontal movements of the respective supported system occur.
  6. The method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the centrifuge drum has one or more base elements (9a - 9d) which are designed as entirely or partially elastic, and one or more, in particular each one of the base elements is assigned one of the force sensors (11a - 11d).
  7. The method as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that each one of the force sensors (11a - 11d) is arranged above or below a springy bearing (14) of the respective base element (9a - 9d).
  8. The method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the drum (1) has one or more support bearings (18) in the vicinity of the drum mounting, and one or more of the support bearings, in particular at least three of the support bearings (18), are assigned one of the force sensors (11 e), wherein the force sensors are arranged circularly-symmetrically.
  9. The method as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that the centrifuge drum is provided with the support bearings (18) to support a bearing housing (19) on a machine frame section (20), and the force sensor is arranged below or above the support bearing (18).
  10. The method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that
    a. during the operation, i.e., during a rotation of the drum (1) of the centrifuge, the forces are measured at the force sensors,
    b. the data measured by the force sensor are relayed to a regulating unit (12), where the measurement data are compared to target data, and at least one control variable is ascertained on the basis of this comparison, and
    c. the operation of the centrifuge is influenced using the regulating unit (12) on the basis of the at least one control variable or using multiple control variables, so that the regulating variable - the forces at the force sensors - is changed so that it assumes a desired behavior.
  11. The method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the measurement is performed progressively continuously or in intervals.
  12. The method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the measurement is performed at intervals which are less than or equal to one minute.
  13. The method as claimed in claim 12, characterized in that
    - the speed of the drive spindle is used as the at least one control variable and/or
    - the drain pressure(s) in a feed or in one or more drains of the drum are used and/or
    - the processed volume stream is used and/or
    - the feed quantity is used and/or the point in time for emptying at the drain (6) is used as the at least one control variable and/or
    - the emptying quantity at the drain (6) is used and/or
    - the emptying frequency at the drain (6) is used.
  14. The method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one or more upper force limits are defined, and the machine is regulated so that one of the limits is not exceeded or fallen below depending on time intervals in each case.
EP15784698.1A 2014-11-11 2015-10-23 Method for monitoring and/or regulating the operation of a centrifuge Active EP3218114B1 (en)

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PCT/EP2015/074615 WO2016074905A1 (en) 2014-11-11 2015-10-23 Method for monitoring and/or regulating the operation of a centrifuge

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KR20170082513A (en) 2017-07-14
US20170312763A1 (en) 2017-11-02
RU2017118571A (en) 2018-12-14
BR112017006982A2 (en) 2017-12-12
BR112017006982B1 (en) 2021-06-08
WO2016074905A1 (en) 2016-05-19
RU2017118571A3 (en) 2019-02-13
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CN107073485B (en) 2020-04-24
DE102014116404A1 (en) 2016-05-12

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