EP3209937B1 - Steam boiler system and method for controlling a steam boiler system - Google Patents

Steam boiler system and method for controlling a steam boiler system Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3209937B1
EP3209937B1 EP15853256.4A EP15853256A EP3209937B1 EP 3209937 B1 EP3209937 B1 EP 3209937B1 EP 15853256 A EP15853256 A EP 15853256A EP 3209937 B1 EP3209937 B1 EP 3209937B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
condensate
feed water
steam
conduit
condenser
Prior art date
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EP15853256.4A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3209937A4 (en
EP3209937A1 (en
Inventor
Christian Johansson
Hans SUNDBECK
Jan Olofsson
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Valmet Technologies Oy
Valmet AB
Original Assignee
Valmet Oy
Valmet AB
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Publication of EP3209937A4 publication Critical patent/EP3209937A4/en
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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22STEAM GENERATION
    • F22DPREHEATING, OR ACCUMULATING PREHEATED, FEED-WATER FOR STEAM GENERATION; FEED-WATER SUPPLY FOR STEAM GENERATION; CONTROLLING WATER LEVEL FOR STEAM GENERATION; AUXILIARY DEVICES FOR PROMOTING WATER CIRCULATION WITHIN STEAM BOILERS
    • F22D1/00Feed-water heaters, i.e. economisers or like preheaters
    • F22D1/32Feed-water heaters, i.e. economisers or like preheaters arranged to be heated by steam, e.g. bled from turbines
    • F22D1/325Schematic arrangements or control devices therefor
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01KSTEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/34Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being of extraction or non-condensing type; Use of steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/44Use of steam for feed-water heating and another purpose
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22STEAM GENERATION
    • F22BMETHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B35/00Control systems for steam boilers
    • F22B35/007Control systems for waste heat boilers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22STEAM GENERATION
    • F22DPREHEATING, OR ACCUMULATING PREHEATED, FEED-WATER FOR STEAM GENERATION; FEED-WATER SUPPLY FOR STEAM GENERATION; CONTROLLING WATER LEVEL FOR STEAM GENERATION; AUXILIARY DEVICES FOR PROMOTING WATER CIRCULATION WITHIN STEAM BOILERS
    • F22D1/00Feed-water heaters, i.e. economisers or like preheaters
    • F22D1/32Feed-water heaters, i.e. economisers or like preheaters arranged to be heated by steam, e.g. bled from turbines
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22STEAM GENERATION
    • F22DPREHEATING, OR ACCUMULATING PREHEATED, FEED-WATER FOR STEAM GENERATION; FEED-WATER SUPPLY FOR STEAM GENERATION; CONTROLLING WATER LEVEL FOR STEAM GENERATION; AUXILIARY DEVICES FOR PROMOTING WATER CIRCULATION WITHIN STEAM BOILERS
    • F22D1/00Feed-water heaters, i.e. economisers or like preheaters
    • F22D1/32Feed-water heaters, i.e. economisers or like preheaters arranged to be heated by steam, e.g. bled from turbines
    • F22D1/34Feed-water heaters, i.e. economisers or like preheaters arranged to be heated by steam, e.g. bled from turbines and returning condensate to boiler with main feed supply
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01KSTEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/34Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being of extraction or non-condensing type; Use of steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/40Use of two or more feed-water heaters in series
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22STEAM GENERATION
    • F22DPREHEATING, OR ACCUMULATING PREHEATED, FEED-WATER FOR STEAM GENERATION; FEED-WATER SUPPLY FOR STEAM GENERATION; CONTROLLING WATER LEVEL FOR STEAM GENERATION; AUXILIARY DEVICES FOR PROMOTING WATER CIRCULATION WITHIN STEAM BOILERS
    • F22D11/00Feed-water supply not provided for in other main groups
    • F22D11/02Arrangements of feed-water pumps
    • F22D11/06Arrangements of feed-water pumps for returning condensate to boiler
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22STEAM GENERATION
    • F22DPREHEATING, OR ACCUMULATING PREHEATED, FEED-WATER FOR STEAM GENERATION; FEED-WATER SUPPLY FOR STEAM GENERATION; CONTROLLING WATER LEVEL FOR STEAM GENERATION; AUXILIARY DEVICES FOR PROMOTING WATER CIRCULATION WITHIN STEAM BOILERS
    • F22D5/00Controlling water feed or water level; Automatic water feeding or water-level regulators
    • F22D5/26Automatic feed-control systems
    • F22D5/34Applications of valves
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22STEAM GENERATION
    • F22GSUPERHEATING OF STEAM
    • F22G5/00Controlling superheat temperature
    • F22G5/12Controlling superheat temperature by attemperating the superheated steam, e.g. by injected water sprays

Definitions

  • the present invention is described in claim 1 and relates to a steam boiler system comprising a steam boiler for generating steam from feed water and a condenser for transferring heat from the steam to the feed water.
  • the steam boiler system further comprises a first feed water conduit for connecting the condenser to a feed water source for supplying feed water to the condenser, a second feed water conduit connecting the condenser to the steam boiler for feeding feed water from the condenser to the steam boiler and a first steam conduit connecting the steam boiler and the condenser for supplying steam to the condenser from the steam boiler.
  • the steam boiler system also comprises a condensate reservoir arranged to collect condensate generated from the steam in the condenser and a first condensate conduit for connecting the condensate reservoir to an attemperation unit.
  • the invention is also described in claim 3 and also relates to a method for controlling a steam boiler system, which steam boiler system comprises a steam boiler, a condenser, a first feed water conduit for connecting the condenser to a feed water source, a second feed water conduit connecting the condenser to the steam boiler, a first steam conduit connecting the steam boiler and the condenser, a condensate reservoir and a first condensate conduit for connecting the condensate reservoir to an attemperation unit.
  • steam boiler system comprises a steam boiler, a condenser, a first feed water conduit for connecting the condenser to a feed water source, a second feed water conduit connecting the condenser to the steam boiler, a first steam conduit connecting the steam boiler and the condenser, a condensate reservoir and a first condensate conduit for connecting the condensate reservoir to an attemperation unit.
  • the method comprises the steps of supplying feed water to the condenser via the first feed water conduit, supplying feed water from the condenser to the steam boiler via the second feed water conduit, utilising the steam boiler to generate steam from the feed water, supplying steam from the steam boiler to the condenser via the first steam conduit, utilising the condenser to transfer heat from the steam to the feed water for preheating the feed water and generating condensate from the steam, and collecting the condensate in the condensate reservoir.
  • a steam boiler system comprises a steam boiler adapted to vaporize feed water to generate steam.
  • Steam can be used for many different purposes, for example to generate rotary motion in a turbine.
  • steam boiler systems with high thermal efficiency.
  • One way to increase the thermal efficiency of a steam boiler system is to incorporate superheaters in the system. Saturated steam from the steam boiler is guided through the superheaters for generation of superheated steam with high internal energy. Superheated steam is also more likely to remain above the condensation temperature of water vapour, which reduces the risk of corrosion damage in the boiler system and any applications connected thereto.
  • the temperature of the superheated steam is regulated by means of one or more attemperators arranged between the superheaters.
  • the attemperators ensure that the temperature of the superheated steam remains within a predetermined interval.
  • a commonly used attemperator type is the spray water attemperator.
  • the spray water attemperator uses spray water to regulate the temperature of the superheated steam.
  • GB 686,008 relates to a method of producing condensate for use as spray water in an attemperator.
  • Saturated steam produced in a boiler is guided into a condenser, in which feed water delivered from a feed water reservoir is utilised as a coolant for generation of condensate from the saturated steam.
  • the condensate is collected in a condensate tank and delivered to either the attemperator or returned to the feed water reservoir.
  • This system is known as a Dolezal spray water attemperation system.
  • Another way to increase the thermal efficiency of a steam boiler system is to preheat the feed water before it enters the steam drum. It is, for example, known to use one or more economizers to preheat the feed water.
  • a common type of economizer uses hot exit flue gases from the steam boiler for preheating the feed water.
  • One problem associated with this type of economizer is that a low feed water temperature may cause dew point corrosion damage in the economizer. Dew point corrosion occurs when corrosive acids and compounds in the flue gases are condensed on the heating surfaces of the economizer.
  • Documents US2012/255303 A1 and GB 686054 A also disclose prior art steam boilers.
  • a first object of the invention is to provide a compact and thermally efficient steam boiler system.
  • a second object of the invention is to provide a method for efficient control of such a steam boiler system.
  • Connected to does not always mean directly connected to. Connected elements may be connected by means of intermediate elements.
  • a “steam boiler” as defined in this specification comprises a steam drum wherein steam and boiler water are separated.
  • the steam drum may be arranged adjacent to one or more parts of the steam boiler, e.g. a furnace, or at a distance from the other parts of the steam boiler.
  • a “conduit” is a device suitable for carrying a fluid.
  • a conduit may consist of a single element or comprise a plurality of connected elements.
  • feed water Water flowing from a feed water source towards the steam drum is referred to as "feed water” whereas water circulating in the steam boiler through the steam drum and boiler water tubes is referred to as "boiler water”.
  • the first object of the invention is achieved with a boiler system as defined in the preamble of this application.
  • the boiler system according to the invention further comprises a second condensate conduit connected to the condensate reservoir for feeding condensate out of the condensate reservoir and a first regulator valve arranged to regulate the flow of condensate through the second condensate conduit.
  • the first regulator valve allows for adjustment of the condensate level in the condensate reservoir, so that the condensate level can be controlled independently of the flow rate of condensate through the first condensate conduit arranged to deliver condensate to the attemperation unit.
  • a condenser comprises an internal feed water conduit system comprising at least one internal feed water conduit connecting the first and second feed water conduits.
  • the internal feed water conduit system extends at least partly through a condensate reservoir, wherein the surfaces of the internal feed water conduit system can be exposed to steam from the steam boiler, so that heat from the steam is transferred to the feed water flowing through the internal feed water conduit system.
  • the condensate reservoir is also arranged to collect condensate generated from the steam. The higher the level of condensate in the condensate reservoir, the smaller the surface area of the internal feed water conduit system exposed to steam and the lower the rate of heat transfer from steam to feed water.
  • condensate level in the condensate reservoir can be used to regulate the rate of heat transfer in the condenser. Consequently, independent control of the condensate level in the condensate reservoir allows for independent heat transfer control and thus allows for independent control of the temperature of the feed water leaving the condenser.
  • the condenser in the steam boiler system acts not only as a means for delivering condensate to the attemperation unit but also as a means for preheating and regulating the temperature of the feed water. This allows for a compact and thermally efficient steam boiler system.
  • One or more condensate tanks may be connected to the second condensate conduit between the first regulator valve and the condensate reservoir in the condenser. That is, each condensate tank is connected to the condensate reservoir and is arranged to collect condensate from the condenser.
  • the first regulator valve is suitably connected to the second condensate conduit.
  • the first regulator valve may also be connected to a separate means connected to the second condensate conduit, which separate means is adapted for guiding condensate towards or from the second condensate conduit.
  • the steam boiler system according to the invention allows for independent control of the feed water temperature in the second feed water conduit makes it suitable for use with an economizer unit.
  • the economizer unit is suitably connected to the second feed water conduit between the steam boiler and the condenser.
  • An economizer unit according to the invention may comprise any number of economizers. Independent control of the condensate level in the condensate reservoir makes it possible to ensure that the temperature of the feed water entering the economizer unit is maintained above a predetermined lower temperature. That makes it possible to ensure that no dew point corrosion occurs in the economizer unit.
  • the temperature of the feed water entering the economizer unit may also be kept below a predetermined upper temperature in order to minimize the risk of steam generation in the economizer, that is, the rate of heat transfer from steam to feed water in the condenser may be reduced when the temperature of the feed water in the second feed water conduit approaches the predetermined upper temperature.
  • the steam boiler system comprises at least one temperature sensor adapted to measure at least one parameter indicative of the temperature of the feed water in the second feed water conduit, and a control unit coupled to the temperature sensor and the first regulator valve, which control unit is adapted to control the first regulator valve at least partly in dependence on information collected by the temperature sensor.
  • the temperature of the feed water is preferably measured at a point upstream of and/or in the vicinity of the inlet into the economizer unit.
  • the steam boiler system comprises at least a condensate level sensor adapted to measure at least one parameter indicative of the condensate level in the condensate reservoir, and the control unit is advantageously adapted to control the first regulator valve at least partly in dependence on information collected by the condensate level sensor.
  • Suitable condensate level sensors are, for example, hydrostatic pressure sensors and radar level sensors.
  • the steam boiler system comprises at least one such temperature sensor and at least one such condensate level sensor
  • the control unit is advantageously adapted to collect information from both sensors and to use said information to control the first regulator valve.
  • the second condensate conduit and the first regulator valve is used to regulate the condensate level in the condensate reservoir.
  • the second condensate conduit can be arranged to conduct condensate from the condensate reservoir to one or more parts of the steam boiler system and/or out of the steam boiler system.
  • the second condensate conduit may arranged to supply condensate to the steam boiler, preferably to the steam drum in the steam boiler. This embodiment is advantageous in that it allows for a reduction of the flow of feed water from the feed water source to the steam drum.
  • the second condensate conduit can also be arranged to conduct condensate to the feed water source.
  • the second condensate conduit can also be arranged to guide some of the condensate to the steam boiler and some of the condensate to the feed water source.
  • the bottom of the condensate reservoir is advantageously arranged so that condensate can flow by gravity to said part(s) of the steam boiler system or out of the steam boiler system.
  • the condensate reservoir is advantageously located above the steam drum in the steam boiler when the second condensate conduit is arranged to guide condensate from the condensate reservoir to the steam drum. It is also possible to use one or more pumps to move the condensate through the second condensate conduit.
  • the second condensate conduit is advantageously connected to the bottom or near the bottom of the condensate reservoir. This arrangement increases the condensate level range.
  • the boiler system according to the invention is particularly suitable for use with a spray water attemperation unit, because condensed water is sufficiently pure to be injected as a coolant into the superheated steam.
  • the invention is also compatible with other types of attemperation units.
  • the steam boiler system may comprise more than one condenser. These condensers may be arranged in many different ways in the steam boiler system and make use of separate or common conduits, control units, regulator valves and sensors.
  • the steam boiler system comprises two condensers connected to the same steam boiler by means of separate first steam conduits.
  • the condensers are connected to the same first and second feed water conduits and the same first and second condensate conduits.
  • the steam boiler system may either comprise a single first regulator valve arranged to regulate the flow of condensate to the condensers or two first regulator valves, wherein each first regulator valve is adapted to regulate the flow of condensate from a respective condenser.
  • the second object of the invention is achieved with a method for controlling a steam boiler system as defined in the preamble of this application.
  • the method further comprises the step of controlling a flow of condensate from the condensate reservoir through a second condensate conduit connected to the condensate reservoir by means of a first regulator valve.
  • this arrangement allows for independent control of the temperature of the feed water in the second feed water conduit and thus allows for efficient control of a compact and thermally efficient steam boiler system wherein the condenser also acts as a feed water preheater.
  • the method comprises the step of regulating the flow of condensate through the second condensate conduit to ensure that the feed water temperature at a specific point in the second feed water conduit is maintained above a predetermined lower temperature.
  • This step is particularly advantageous when the steam boiler system comprises an economizer unit connected to the second feed water conduit between the condenser and the steam boiler, as it makes it possible to ensure that the temperature of the feed water entering the economizer unit is maintained above a temperature that may cause dew point corrosion in the economizer unit.
  • the method may also comprise the step of regulating the flow of condensate through the second condensate conduit to ensure that the feed water temperature at said specific point in the second feed water conduit is maintained below a predetermined upper temperature.
  • the control unit uses the first regulator valve to increase the condensate level in the condensate reservoir and thus reduce the rate of heat transfer in the condenser.
  • the temperature is in these embodiments advantageously measured at a point upstream of and/or in the vicinity of the inlet into the economizer unit.
  • the method may also comprise the step of regulating the flow of condensate through said second condensate conduit to ensure that the condensate level in the condensate reservoir is maintained within a predetermined interval. It may, for example, be desirable to ensure that the level of condensate in the condensate reservoir remains above a minimum level to ensure that there is enough condensate in the condensate reservoir for the attemperation unit. It may also be desirable to ensure that the level of condensate remains below a predetermined maximum level, to ensure that some part of the internal feed water conduit system remains exposed and thus maintain at least a minimum rate of heat transfer in the condenser.
  • the method comprises the steps of continuously measuring at least one parameter indicative of the temperature of the feed water in the second feed water conduit, and controlling the first regulator valve at least partly in dependence on the measured parameter values.
  • This step allows for an automated and precise control of the temperature of the feed water in the second feed water conduit.
  • the temperature is, advantageously, measured at a point upstream of and/or in the vicinity of the inlet into the economizer unit.
  • the method comprises the steps of continuously measuring at least one parameter indicative of the condensate level in the condensate reservoir and controlling the first regulator valve at least partly in dependence on said measured parameter values. These measurements can be used to ensure that the condensate level remains within a predetermined interval.
  • the steam boiler system may comprise more than one sensor and the sensors may be adapted to measure a plurality of different parameters.
  • the method may comprise the steps of continuously measuring the condensate level in the condensate reservoir and the temperature in the second feed water conduit and adjusting the first regulator valve at least partly in dependence on information received from one or both of said sensors.
  • the method may also comprise the step of guiding the condensate through the second condensate conduit to one or more suitable parts within and/or without the steam boiler system, for example to the steam boiler, the feed water source and/or a separate condensate reservoir connected to the feed water source.
  • the steam boiler system comprises at least one of each conduit.
  • a single conduit can be replaced with two or more conduits serving the same purpose.
  • more than one first feed water conduit can be used for connecting the condenser to the feed water source and more than one second feed water conduit can be used to connect the condenser to the steam boiler.
  • more than first steam conduit to connect the steam boiler and the condenser and to use more than one second condensate conduit (and thus more than one firs regulator valve) to connect the condensate reservoir with one or more parts of the steam boiler system and/or the feed water source.
  • Figure 1 shows a first embodiment of the steam boiler system 1 according to the invention.
  • the boiler system 1 comprises a condenser 2 and a first feed water conduit 3 for connecting the condenser to a feed water source 4. Feed water is supplied by means of a feed water pump 27 from the feed water source 4 to the condenser 2 via the first feed water conduit 3.
  • the feed water flows through an internal feed water conduit system 7 in the condenser 2 and from there to a steam boiler 5 via a second feed water conduit 6.
  • the feed water is preheated in the condenser 2 by means of saturated steam flowing from the steam boiler 5 through a first steam conduit 8 to the condenser 2.
  • An economizer unit 9 is connected to the second feed water conduit 6 between the steam boiler 5 and the condenser 2.
  • the economizer unit 9 comprises a first and a second economizer 9a, 9b.
  • the economizer unit 9 may comprise a single economizer or more than two economizers.
  • the economizer unit 9 utilises hot flue gases from the steam boiler 5 to raise the temperature of the feed water flowing therethrough. The flue gases are delivered through a flue gas conduit 10.
  • the feed water may be preheated in the condenser 2 to ensure that corrosive acids and compounds in the flue gases do not condensate when the flue gases are cooled in the economizer unit 9. If possible, the feed water temperature is also maintained at a temperature below a predetermined upper temperature to reduce the risk of boiling in the economizer unit 9. That is, the rate of heat transfer from steam to feed water in the condenser may be reduced if the temperature of the feed water in the second feed water conduit approaches the predetermined upper temperature.
  • the steam boiler 5 further comprises a furnace (not shown) and a network of boiler water tubes (not shown) connected to the steam drum 24 and arranged so that boiler water flowing through the boiler water tubes can absorb heat generated by the burning of fuel in the furnace.
  • the burning of fuel in the steam boiler 5 results in generation of flue gases, which are delivered to the economizer unit 9 through the flue gas conduit 10.
  • Boiler water flows from the steam drum 24 through the boiler water tubes, absorbs heat from the furnace and returns to the steam drum 24, wherein saturated steam is separated from the boiler water.
  • the saturated steam if fed via a second steam conduit 11 through three superheaters 12 arranged in series along the second steam conduit 11.
  • the superheaters 12 are used to further raise the temperature of the steam in order to generate superheated stem.
  • the superheated steam is then delivered to a suitable application, such as a steam turbine (not shown).
  • the steam boiler system may comprise any suitable number of superheaters.
  • Some of the saturated steam flows from the steam drum 24 and through the first steam conduit 8 to the condenser 2.
  • the feed water flowing through the condenser 2 absorbs heat from the steam.
  • the steam is condensed and the condensate is accumulated in a condensate reservoir 22 (see Figure 2 ).
  • the condensate reservoir 22 is connected to a spray water attemperation unit 13 by means of a first condensate conduit 14.
  • the spray water attemperation unit 13 comprises two spray water attemperators 13a, 13b.
  • the spray water attemperators 13a, 13b are connected to the second steam conduit 11 between the superheaters 12 and are adapted to inject a coolant in the form of spray water into the superheated steam.
  • the spray water attemperation unit 13 allows for regulation of the temperature of the superheated steam.
  • the first condensate conduit 14 has two branches for delivering condensate to the spray water attemperators 13a, 13b. Each branch is provided with a second regulator valve 16a, 16b for regulating the flow of condensate to the spray water attemperators 13a, 13b.
  • a control unit 18 is coupled to the second regulator valves 16a, 16b and to three temperature sensors 17a, 17b, 17c arranged to measure the temperature of the superheated steam.
  • the control unit 18 is adapted to control the second regulator valves 16a, 16b, and thus the flow of condensate through the first condensate conduit 14, in dependence on temperature values received from the temperature sensors 17a, 17b, 17c.
  • the condensate reservoir 22 is also connected to the steam drum 24 in the steam boiler 5 by means of a second condensate conduit 15.
  • a first regulator valve 19 is connected to the second condensate conduit 15.
  • the first regulator valve 19 is coupled to the control unit 18, which uses the first regulator valve 19 to regulate the flow of condensate through the second condensate conduit 15 and thus the level of condensate in the condensate reservoir 22 (see figure 2 ) in dependence on information received from a condensate level sensor 20 in the condensate reservoir and a temperature sensor 26 connected to the second feed water conduit 6 between the condenser 2 and the economizer unit 9.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic side view of the condenser 2 in figure 1 , wherein some parts have been removed for the sake of clarity.
  • the condenser 2 comprises a first compartment 21 connected to the first feed water conduit 3 and arranged to receive feed water from the feed water source 20 (see figure 1 ).
  • the condenser 2 further comprises a condensate reservoir 22 connected to the first steam conduit 8 and arranged to receive saturated steam from the steam drum 24 in the steam boiler 5 (see figure 1 ).
  • the condenser 2 also comprises a second compartment 23 connected to the second feed water conduit 6 for delivering preheated feed water to the steam boiler 5 (see figure 1 ).
  • the first and second compartments 21, 23 are connected by means of the internal feed water conduit system 7, which comprises a plurality of conduits, extending through the condensate reservoir 22 and adapted to deliver feed water from the first to the second compartment 21, 23.
  • Feed water from the first feed water conduit 3 flows into the first compartment 21 and from there via the internal feed water conduit system 7 into the second compartment 23 and further into the second feed water conduit 6. Heat is transferred in the condenser 2 from the saturated steam to the feed water flowing through the internal feed water conduit system 7, thus preheating the feed water while generating condensate from the steam, which condensate is collected in the condensate reservoir 22.
  • the first condensate conduit 14 and the second condensate conduit 15 are connected to the bottom of the condensate reservoir 22. This arrangement allows for complete emptying of the condensate reservoir 22 and increases the condensate level range.
  • the condensate level in the condensate reservoir 22 is measured by means of a condensate level sensor 20 (schematically shown).
  • the condensate level sensor 20 is controlled by means of the control unit 18 (see figure 1 ).
  • Feed water is fed from the feed water source 4 to the first compartment 21 in the condenser 2 via the first feed water conduit 3.
  • the feed water flows from the first compartment 21 to the second compartment 23 through the internal feed water conduit system 7.
  • the feed water is preheated as it flows through the internal feed water conduit system 7 by heat transferred from steam in the condensate reservoir 22.
  • the preheated feed water is then guided through the second feed water conduit 6 to the economizer unit 9, wherein the temperature of the feed water is raised further by means of hot flue gases from the furnace in the steam boiler 5.
  • the feed water flows through the second feed water conduit 6 into the steam boiler 5 where it is collected in the steam drum 24.
  • the steam drum 24 delivers boiler water to the boiler water tubes (not shown) and heat from the furnace (not shown) evaporates some of the boiler water, whereafter boiler water and steam is returned to the steam drum 24 wherein saturated steam is separated from the boiler water.
  • Some of the saturated steam is delivered to one or more applications via the second steam conduit 11 and some of the saturated steam is delivered to the condensate reservoir 22 in the condenser 2 via the first steam conduit 8. Heat from the saturated steam is transferred from the steam in the condensate reservoir 22 to the feed water flowing through the internal feed water conduit system 7.
  • the feed water thus acts as a coolant for the steam and condensed steam is collected in the condensate reservoir 22.
  • Some of the condensate is delivered to the spray water attemperation unit 13 through the first condensate conduit 14.
  • the rate of heat transfer in the condenser 2 depends on the condensate level in the condensate reservoir 22.
  • An increase of the condensate level reduces the surface area of the internal feed water conduit system 7 exposed to steam whereas a lowering of the condensate level increases the surface area of the internal feed water conduit system 7 exposed to steam.
  • a higher condensate level thus results in a lower rate of heat transfer whereas a lower condensate level results in a higher rate of heat transfer.
  • the control unit 18 uses the first regulator valve 19 in the second condensate conduit 15 for regulating the flow of condensate out of the condensate reservoir 22 through the second condensate conduit 15. That is, the level of condensate in the condensate reservoir 22 can be adjusted independently of the need for condensate in the spray water attemperation unit 13.
  • the control unit 18 is coupled to the condensate level sensor 20 and the temperature sensor 26 and continuously receives information related to the condensate level in the condensate reservoir 22 and the temperature of the feed water in the second feed water conduit 6.
  • the control unit 18 controls the first regulator valve 19 in dependence on this information. Should the temperature sensor 26 register a feed water temperature below a predetermined lower temperature (indicating that the feed water temperature approaches or has reached a temperature that may lead to corrosion damage in the economizer unit 9), then the control unit 18 uses the first regulator valve 19 to increase the flow of condensate through the second condensate conduit 15, which results in a lower condensate level in the condensate reservoir 22 and an increase of the rate of heat transfer from steam to feed water.
  • the control unit 18 uses the first regulator valve to reduce the flow of condensate through the second condensate unit 15 and raise the condensate level in the condensate reservoir 22, in order to reduce the rate of heat transfer from steam to feed water.
  • the control unit 18 is also adapted to ensure that the condensate level in the condensate reservoir 22 remains below a predetermined maximum level.
  • the maximum level may for example be at level at which the entire or most of the internal feed water conduit system 7 is covered by condensate.
  • the control unit 18 may increase the flow of condensate through the second condensate conduit 15.
  • the control unit 18 may also be adapted to ensure that the condensate level in the condensate reservoir 22 remains above a predetermined minimum level, to ensure that the amount of condensate in the condensate reservoir 22 is sufficient for cooling the superheated steam in the spray water attemperators 13a, 13b.
  • the control unit 18 reduces the flow of condensate through the second condensate conduit 15.
  • Figure 3 shows a second embodiment of a steam boiler system 1 according to the invention.
  • the main difference between the first and second embodiments of the first and second steam boiler systems 1 is that the second condensate conduit 15 in the second embodiment is connected to the feed water source 4, so that excess condensate in the condenser 2 is returned to the feed water source 4.
  • FIG 4 shows a third embodiment of a steam boiler system 1 according to the invention.
  • the steam boiler system 1 in Figure 4 comprises an additional condenser 42.
  • the condensers 2, 42 are connected to the same first and second water conduits 3, 6 and the same first condensate conduit 14.
  • the condensers 2, 42 are connected to the steam boiler 5 by means of respective steam conduits 8, 48.
  • the condensers 2, 42 are also connected to a common second condensate conduit 15.
  • the steam boiler system in figure 4 further comprises two first regulator valves 19 for regulating the flow of condensate through the second condensate conduit 15.
  • the regulator valves 19 are arranged in respective branches of the second condensate conduit 15. Each branch is connected to a respective condenser 2, 42, so that each first regulator valve 19 can be used to regulate the flow of condensate from a respective condensate reservoir.
  • the first regulator valves 19 are controlled by means of the control unit 18 in dependence on information received from the temperature sensor 26 and the condensate level sensors 20, 44.
  • a steam boiler system may comprise two condensers connected to a common second condensate conduit, wherein a single first regulator valve is arranged in the common second condensate conduit to control the flow of condensate from both condensers.
  • control unit may comprise a plurality of separate control units, wherein one control unit is adapted to control the first regulator valve and the other control unit is adapted to control the second regulator valves.
  • the second condensate conduit in Figure 1 may be connected to any suitable part within the steam condensate system and may incorporate two or more condensers.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Control Of Steam Boilers And Waste-Gas Boilers (AREA)
EP15853256.4A 2014-10-22 2015-10-16 Steam boiler system and method for controlling a steam boiler system Active EP3209937B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE1451259A SE540807C2 (en) 2014-10-22 2014-10-22 Steam boiler system and method for controlling a steam boiler system
PCT/SE2015/051103 WO2016064332A1 (en) 2014-10-22 2015-10-16 Steam boiler system and method for controlling a steam boiler system

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3209937A1 EP3209937A1 (en) 2017-08-30
EP3209937A4 EP3209937A4 (en) 2018-06-27
EP3209937B1 true EP3209937B1 (en) 2019-06-12

Family

ID=55761233

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP15853256.4A Active EP3209937B1 (en) 2014-10-22 2015-10-16 Steam boiler system and method for controlling a steam boiler system

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3209937B1 (es)
ES (1) ES2745578T3 (es)
SE (1) SE540807C2 (es)
WO (1) WO2016064332A1 (es)

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1769457A (en) * 1929-05-14 1930-07-01 Foster Wheeler Corp Steam-power plant
GB611541A (en) * 1945-03-28 1948-11-01 Babcock & Wilcox Ltd Improvements in or relating to the temperature regulation of superheated vapour
GB686008A (en) * 1948-12-23 1953-01-14 Vitkovice Zelezarny Improvements in or relating to the temperature regulation of superheated steam
GB686054A (en) * 1949-11-30 1953-01-14 Babcock & Wilcox Ltd Improvements in or relating to means for regulating temperature of superheat of vapour
GB794562A (en) * 1954-03-01 1958-05-07 Thompson John Water Tube Boilers Ltd Improvements in or relating to a method of and apparatus for regulating the temperature of superheated steam
GB935462A (en) * 1960-10-18 1963-08-28 Head Wrightson & Co Ltd Waste heat boiler
US3590918A (en) * 1969-06-11 1971-07-06 Riley Stoker Corp Method and apparatus for obtaining pure spray water for steam desuperheating purposes
US9091182B2 (en) * 2010-12-20 2015-07-28 Invensys Systems, Inc. Feedwater heater control system for improved rankine cycle power plant efficiency

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2745578T3 (es) 2020-03-02
EP3209937A4 (en) 2018-06-27
SE540807C2 (en) 2018-11-20
WO2016064332A1 (en) 2016-04-28
SE1451259A1 (en) 2016-04-23
EP3209937A1 (en) 2017-08-30

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