EP3203150B1 - Kraftwerk und verfahren zur erhöhung des wirkungsgrades des kraftwerks - Google Patents

Kraftwerk und verfahren zur erhöhung des wirkungsgrades des kraftwerks Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3203150B1
EP3203150B1 EP16153861.6A EP16153861A EP3203150B1 EP 3203150 B1 EP3203150 B1 EP 3203150B1 EP 16153861 A EP16153861 A EP 16153861A EP 3203150 B1 EP3203150 B1 EP 3203150B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
ash
bed
boiler
heat
combustion chamber
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EP16153861.6A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3203150A1 (de
Inventor
Tino-Martin Marling
Frank Michael Kluger
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General Electric Technology GmbH
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General Electric Technology GmbH
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Priority to PL16153861T priority Critical patent/PL3203150T3/pl
Priority to EP16153861.6A priority patent/EP3203150B1/de
Priority to PCT/EP2017/051950 priority patent/WO2017134016A1/en
Publication of EP3203150A1 publication Critical patent/EP3203150A1/de
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/002—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus for pulverulent solid fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J3/00—Removing solid residues from passages or chambers beyond the fire, e.g. from flues by soot blowers
    • F23J3/06—Systems for accumulating residues from different parts of furnace plant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2206/00—Fluidised bed combustion
    • F23C2206/10—Circulating fluidised bed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2900/00—Special arrangements for conducting or purifying combustion fumes; Treatment of fumes or ashes
    • F23J2900/01002—Cooling of ashes from the combustion chamber by indirect heat exchangers

Definitions

  • the presently claimed invention relates to a power plant comprising a circulating fluidized bed boiler, where hot ash is stored and utilized for heat recovery and a method for recovering heat of the ash and utilize the recovered heat to increase the efficiency of the power plant.
  • flue gas passes the rotary air preheater where the flue gas heat transfer to access air takes place.
  • the flue gas is loaded with fly ash which will be separated downstream in the electrostatic precipitator. After electrostatic precipitator the ash is discharged to a fly ash silo for further utilization or back to the mine.
  • fly ash silo for further utilization or back to the mine.
  • circulating fluidized bed boiler hot bed ash is also cooled down and discharged to the mine.
  • EP 0 467 913 A1 a method and apparatus for recovering heat from solid material, such as ash, removed from hot processes such as combustion gasification processes and/or from cleaning processes of hot gases is proposed.
  • the ash is conducted from a combustion chamber or from a gas cleaning means into a heat exchanger, where it is brought into heat exchange contact with liquid for transferring heat from the ash to the liquid.
  • a boiler system in US 2014/0093828 A1 a boiler system is suggested that includes an arrangement for drying fuel material to be combusted in the boiler system.
  • a combustion chamber combusts fuel material, and generates ash and flue gases.
  • An ash removal conduit connected to the combustion chamber leads ash out of the combustion chamber.
  • a heat transfer device is arranged in connection with the ash removal conduit.
  • a pressurized internal circulating fluidized bed boiler is described that is incorporated in a combined cycle electric generating system in which a fuel such as coal, petrol coke or the like is combusted in a pressurized fluidized bed and an exhaust gas produced by the combusted fuel is introduced into a gas turbine.
  • a thermal energy recovery chamber is partitioned from the main combustion chamber by an inclined partition wall.
  • the presently claimed invention relates to a power plant as set forth in claim 1 and to a method as set forth in claim 8. Further developments of the herein claimed invention are described in the dependent claims.
  • the presently claimed invention offers a technical solution for power plants which are hard coal fired units with pulverized coal fired boiler as well as lignite fired units and circulating fludized bed boiler.
  • the technical solution is achieved by providing intermediate hot ash storage to store hot ash and utilize inherent heat on demand in the power plant particularly for feed water heating during startup of the boiler.
  • the inherent heat is also used to heat saturated steam in tubes of combustion chamber of the pulverized coal fired boiler in case of a load change.
  • the inherent heat is also used to heat fluidized bed at the starting time.
  • the hot ash is a fly ash or a bed ash or a mixture of the fly ash and the bed ash.
  • the ash is the fly ash from the pulverized coal fired boiler or a bed ash or a mixture of the fly ash and the bed ash in circulating fluidized bed boiler.
  • the technical solution provides several advantages like application of a smaller electrostatic precipitator in power plants as ash is dealt with earlier. Recovered heat utilization leads to less power consumption of steam and electric power in the power plants as well as savings on start-up fuels. A reduction in CO2 emission as the ash is separated and captured efficiently at a very early stage and a constant feed water temperature is provided during the operation of the boiler.
  • the power plant 10 includes a boiler 20 having a combustion chamber 30 to carry out combustion of fuel 40 to generate heat, ash 50 and flue gas 60 in the combustion chamber 30.
  • the coal is stored in a silo 104.
  • the boiler 20 is connected to an energy recovery system 70.
  • the energy recovery systems 70 recovers heat of the ash 50 and utilize the recovered heat to increase the efficiency of the power plant 10.
  • the recovered heat is transferred to a working fluid 130 for example feed water 132 and steam 135 which is fed to the boiler 20.
  • the working fluid 130 is further heated in the boiler 20 from the heat generated during the combustion and used to drive a steam turbine or a series of steam turbines 100.
  • the boiler 20 is connected to the energy recovery system 70 through a separator 110.
  • the energy recovery system 70 may include an ash storage 80 and a heat exchanger 90 fluidically connected to the ash storage 80.
  • the ash storage 80 may receive and store the ash 50 generated in the boiler 20.
  • the ash 50 may be passed through the heat exchanger 90 to extract the heat of the ash 50.
  • the energy recovery system 70 further includes an ash discharge system 95 which is connected to the heat exchanger 90 to discharge the ash 50 in to ash silo 105.
  • the boiler 20 of the power plant 10 may be a pulverized coal boiler, such as pulverized coal boiler 200, herein after 'boiler 200'.
  • the boiler 200 may include a combustion chamber 202 to carry out combustion of fuel to generate heat, ash and flue gas in the combustion chamber 202.
  • the boiler 200 includes a silo 204 that stores coal to be burned to produce heat, ash 50 and flue gas 60 in the combustion chamber 202.
  • the coal from the silo 204 may be sent to a pulverizer (not shown) to be crushed in to a powder form.
  • the coal powder is mixed with air that is induced by a fan 205 to produce fuel 206.
  • the fuel 206 may be supplied in to the combustion chamber 202 through burners 207. During combustion of the fuel 206 heat, ash 50 and flue gas 60 are produced.
  • the ash 50 may be a fly ash 52 or a bed ash 55 or a mixture of the fly ash 52 and the bed ash 55.
  • the boiler 200 may be connected to an energy recovery system 270 through a separator 210.
  • the energy recovery system 270 may include an ash storage 280 and a heat exchanger 290 fluidically connected to the ash storage 280.
  • the ash storage 280 may receive and store the ash 50 generated in the boiler 200.
  • the ash 50 may be passed through the heat exchanger 290 to extract the heat of the ash 50.
  • One part of the ash 50, which is heavy, may be settled in bottom of the combustion chamber 202, and the other part which is lighter may be moved up in the combustion chamber 202.
  • heavy ash may be the bed ash 55 and the lighter ash may be the fly ash 52.
  • the separator 210 which is connected to the combustion chamber 202 receives the fly ash 52 and the flue gas 60 and separates fly ash 52 from the flue gas 60.
  • the fly ash 52 leaves the separator 210 with a temperature range of 410 °C to 450 °C, and more particularly at 430 °C, is stored in the ash storage 280 and for example lignite coal with a temperature range of 280 °C - 320 °C and more particularly at 300 °C is stored in an ash storage 280.
  • the stored fly ash 52 is discharged through the heat exchanger 290 where inherent heat of the fly ash 52 is utilized to heat the working fluid 130 for example feed water 132 or steam 135 which is supplied to the boiler 200.
  • the energy recovery system 270 further includes an ash discharge system 295 which is connected to the heat exchanger 290 to discharge the fly ash 52 in to ash silo 237. As the fly ash 52 is very much fluid, the energy recovery system 270 is arranged in such a way that a gravimetric flow is realized.
  • the recovered heat of the fly ash 52 is further utilized to heat the working fluid 130 for example steam 135 being fed at startup to the boiler 200. Also the recovered heat of the fly ash 52 is utilized to heat a plurality of tubes 230 forming walls of the combustion chamber 202 of the boiler 200 in case of a part load change of the boiler 200 so that the working fluid 130 is flowing though the plurality of tubes 230 is also heated and converted to steam with high temperature to be supplied immediately to the steam turbine 100.
  • the bed ash 55 may also be supplied through a conduit 240 or any other suitable means to the ash storage 280.
  • the fly ash 52 or the bed ash 55 or the mixture of the fly ash 52 and the bed ash 55 may also be discharged directly through the heat exchanger 290 to recover the heat of the ash 50.
  • the ash storage 280 may be covered by an insulated layer to stop the loss of the heat during storage.
  • a controlled valve 260 is provided to control flow of the fly ash 52 to the heat exchanger 290.
  • a series of heat transfer surfaces 250 are also provide in the combustion chamber 202 in form of super heater, reheater and economizer which are arranged as per the requirements of the boiler 200.
  • the heat transfer surfaces 250 further heated the working fluid 130 into super-heated steam, reheated steam.
  • the boiler 300 of the power plant 10 is a circulating fluidized bed boiler, herein after 'boiler 300'.
  • the boiler 300 includes a combustion chamber 302 to carry out combustion of fuel to generate heat, ash and flue gas in the combustion chamber 302.
  • the boiler 300 includes a silo 304 that stores crushed coal to be burned to produce heat, ash 50 and flue gas 60 in the combustion chamber 302.
  • the crushed coal as a fuel 306 from the silo 304 may be supplied in to the combustion chamber 302 at its bottom.
  • a bed 307 of inert material according to the invention, sand is formed at the bottom of the combustion chamber 302.
  • the bed 307 is where the crushed coal or fuel 306 spreads.
  • preheated primary air 309 supply is from under the bed 307 at high pressure through primary air fans (not shown). This lifts the bed 307 material and fuel particles 308 and keeps the fuel particles 308 in suspension. The combustion of the fuel particles 308 takes place in this suspended condition.
  • the lifted bed 307 and suspended fuel particles 308 forms a fluidized circulating bed which is maintained at range of 850 °C - 900 °C.
  • Secondary air 314 provides pre-heated combustion air. Nozzles 341 in the combustion chamber 302 walls at various levels distribute the preheated combustion air in the combustion chamber 302.
  • the ash 50 may be a fly ash 52 or a bed ash 55 or a mixture of the fly ash 52 and the bed ash 55.
  • the bed ash 55 is produced in the range of 35% to 45% of the ash 50 and settled in a lower portion of the combustion chamber 302.
  • Fine particles of partly burned fuel particles 308, fly ash 52 and bed material 307 are carried along with the flue gas 60 to upper areas of the combustion chamber 302 and then into a separator 310 which is connected the combustion chamber 302.
  • the separator 310 fine particles of partly burned fuel particles 308, the fly ash 52 and the bed material 307 is captured and separated from the flue gas 60 and falls to a seal pot 312.
  • the heavy particle of partly burned fuel particles 308, the fly ash 52 and the bed material 307 returns to the combustion chamber 302 for recirculation either directly through arm 316 or through another arm 317 after passing through a fluidized bed heat exchanger 318. These heavy particles keep on recirculating till they captured in the separator 310.
  • the fly ash 52 keeps on adding with bed ash 55 in the lower portion of the combustion chamber 302.
  • the flue gas 60 gases from the separator 310 pass to a series of heat transfer surfaces 350 and move out of the boiler 300.
  • the boiler 300 is connected to an energy recovery system 370.
  • the boiler 300 may be connected to the energy recovery system 370 through an ash discharge screw 410.
  • the energy recovery system 370 may include an ash storage 380 and a heat exchanger 390 fluidically connected to the ash storage 380.
  • the ash storage 380 may receive and store the bed ash 55 particularly the mixture the fly ash 52 and the bed ash 55 generated in the boiler 300.
  • the bed ash 55 particularly the mixture the fly ash 52 and the bed ash 55 may be passed through the heat exchanger 390 to extract the heat of the bed ash 55.
  • the bed ash 55 particularly the mixture of the fly ash 52 and the bed ash 55 leaves the boiler on a temperature range of 750 °C - 850 °C . Due to design constraints the bed ash 55 particularly the mixture of the fly ash 52 and the bed ash 55 is supplied pneumatically through a conduit 375 to the ash storage 380 which leads to a heat loss in the temperature range of 100 °C - 200 °C resulting in a final storage temperature of 600°C in the ash storage 380.
  • the stored bed ash 55 particularly the mixture of the fly ash 52 and the bed ash 55 is discharged through the heat exchanger 390 where inherent heat of the bed ash 55 particularly the mixture of the fly ash 52 and the bed ash 55 is utilized to heat the working fluid 130 for example feed water 132 or steam 135 which is supplied to the boiler 300.
  • the energy recovery system 370 further includes an ash discharge system 395 which is connected to the heat exchanger 390 to discharge the bed ash 55 particularly the mixture of the fly ash 52 and the bed ash 55 into a ash silo 420.
  • the energy recovery system 370 is arranged in such a way that a gravimetric flow is realized.
  • the fly ash 52 or the bed ash 55 or the mixture of the fly ash 52 and the bed ash 55 may also be discharged directly through the heat exchanger 390 to recover the heat of the ash 50.
  • the ash storage 380 may be covered by an insulated layer to stop the loss of the heat during storage.
  • a controlled valve 430 is provided to control flow of the ash 50 particularly the mixture of the fly ash 52 and the bed ash 55 to the heat exchanger 390.
  • the stored bed ash 55 particularly the mixture of the fly ash 52 and the bed ash 55 in the ash storage 380 is provided to fluidize bed 307 at startup of the boiler 300 through a conduit 450.
  • a controlled valve 440 is provided to control the flow of the stored bed ash 55 particularly the mixture of the fly ash 52 and the bed ash 55 to the combustion chamber 302.

Claims (12)

  1. Kraftwerk (10), umfassend:
    einen Kessel (300), der eine Brennkammer (302) einschließt, die konfiguriert ist, um eine Verbrennung von Brennstoff (306) durchzuführen, um Asche (50) und Rauchgas (60) zu bilden;
    ein Energierückgewinnungssystem (370), das mit dem Kessel (300) verbunden ist, um Wärme der Asche (50) zurückzugewinnen;
    wobei der Kessel ein zirkulierender Wirbelbettkessel (300) ist, der die Brennkammer (302) mit einem Bett (307) umfasst, wobei das Bett (307) Sand und Asche (50) umfasst;
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass vorgewärmte Primärluft (309) für die Brennkammer (302) von unterhalb des Bettes (307) durch Primärluftgebläse mit hohem Druck zugeführt wird, so dass das Bett- (307) -material und die Brennstoffpartikel (308) angehoben werden und die Brennstoffpartikel (308) in Suspension gehalten werden;
    dass feine Partikel aus teilweise verbrannten Brennstoffpartikeln (308), Flugasche (52) und Bettmaterial (307), die mit dem Rauchgas (60) mitgeführt werden, von einem Abscheider (310) aufgefangen werden und in einen Dichttopf (312) fallen und
    dass schwere Partikel aus teilweise verbrannten Brennstoffpartikeln (308), die Flugasche (52) und das Bettmaterial (307) entweder direkt durch einen ersten Arm (316) oder durch einen zweiten Arm (317) nach dem Strömen durch einen Wirbelbettwärmetauscher (318) zur Rezirkulation in die Brennkammer (302) zurückgeführt werden.
  2. Kraftwerk (10) nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Energierückgewinnungssystem (370) Folgendes umfasst:
    einen Aschespeicher (380) zum Aufnehmen und Speichern der Asche (50);
    einen Wärmetauscher (390), der fluidtechnisch mit dem Aschespeicher verbunden ist und wobei die Asche (50) durch den Wärmetauscher geleitet wird, um die Wärme der Asche (50) zu entziehen.
  3. Kraftwerk (10) nach Anspruch 2, wobei das Energierückgewinnungssystem (370) ferner Folgendes umfasst:
    ein Ascheaustragsystem (395), das mit dem Wärmetauscher (390) verbunden ist, um die Asche (50) auszutragen.
  4. Kraftwerk (10) nach Anspruch 2, wobei die Asche (50) eine Flugasche (52) oder eine Bettasche (55) oder eine Mischung aus der Flugasche (52) und der Bettasche (55) ist.
  5. Kraftwerk (10) nach Anspruch 4, wobei die rückgewonnene Wärme der Asche (50) zum Erwärmen eines dem Kessel (300) zugeführten Arbeitsfluids (130) bereitgestellt wird.
  6. Kraftwerk (10) nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Energierückgewinnungssystem (370) über eine Ascheaustragsschnecke (410) mit dem zirkulierenden Wirbelbettkessel (300) verbunden ist.
  7. Kraftwerk (10) nach Anspruch 4, wobei die gespeicherte Bettasche (55) in dem Aschespeicher (380) bereitgestellt wird, um das zirkulierende Bett (307) beim Anfahren des zirkulierenden Wirbelbettkessels (300) zu verwirbeln.
  8. Verfahren zum Erhöhen des Wirkungsgrades eines Kraftwerks (10), umfassend:
    Bereitstellen eines Kessels (300), der eine Brennkammer (302) einschließt, wobei der Kessel (300) mit einem Energierückgewinnungssystem (370) in Verbindung steht und so konfiguriert ist, dass Asche (50) und Rauchgas (60) während der Verbrennung von Brennstoff (306) innerhalb der Brennkammer (302) erzeugt werden;
    Rückgewinnen von Wärme der Asche (50) durch das Energierückgewinnungssystem (370);
    wobei der Kessel ein zirkulierender Wirbelbettkessel (300) ist, der die Brennkammer (302) mit einem Bett (307) umfasst, wobei das Bett (307) Sand und Asche (50) umfasst;
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass vorgewärmte Primärluft (309) für die Brennkammer (302) von unterhalb des Bettes (307) durch Primärluftgebläse mit hohem Druck zugeführt wird, so dass das Bett- (307) -material und die Brennstoffpartikel (308) angehoben werden und die Brennstoffpartikel (308) in Suspension gehalten werden;
    und dass feine Partikel aus teilweise verbrannten Brennstoffpartikeln (308), Flugasche (52) und Bettmaterial (307), die mit dem Rauchgas (60) mitgeführt werden, von einem Abscheider (310) aufgefangen werden und in einen Dichttopf (312) fallen und
    dass schwere Partikel aus teilweise verbrannten Brennstoffpartikeln (308), die Flugasche (52) und das Bettmaterial (307) entweder direkt durch einen ersten Arm (316) oder durch einen zweiten Arm (317) nach dem Strömen durch einen Wirbelbettwärmetauscher (318) zur Rezirkulation in die Brennkammer (302) zurückgeführt werden.
  9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, wobei das Energierückgewinnungssystem (370) einen Aschespeicher (380) und einen Wärmetauscher (390) umfasst, die fluidtechnisch miteinander verbunden sind, und wobei die Rückgewinnung von Wärme der Asche (50) die folgenden Schritte umfasst:
    Aufnehmen und Speichern der Asche (50) in dem Aschespeicher (380);
    Leiten der Asche (50) durch den Wärmetauscher (390), um die Wärme der Asche (50) zurückzugewinnen.
  10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, wobei die Asche (50) eine Flugasche (52) oder eine Bettasche (55) oder eine Mischung der Flugasche (52) und der Bettasche (57) ist.
  11. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, ferner einschließlich den Schritt:
    Bereitstellen der rückgewonnenen Wärme der Asche (50) zum Erwärmen eines dem Kessel (300) zugeführten Arbeitsfluids (130).
  12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, ferner einschließlich den Schritt:
    Bereitstellen von gespeicherter Bettasche (55) des Aschespeichers (380) an das verwirbelte zirkulierende Bett (307) des zirkulierenden Wirbelbettkessels (300) beim Anfahren des zirkulierenden Wirbelbettkessels (300).
EP16153861.6A 2016-02-02 2016-02-02 Kraftwerk und verfahren zur erhöhung des wirkungsgrades des kraftwerks Active EP3203150B1 (de)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL16153861T PL3203150T3 (pl) 2016-02-02 2016-02-02 Elektrownia i sposób zwiększenia wydajności elektrowni
EP16153861.6A EP3203150B1 (de) 2016-02-02 2016-02-02 Kraftwerk und verfahren zur erhöhung des wirkungsgrades des kraftwerks
PCT/EP2017/051950 WO2017134016A1 (en) 2016-02-02 2017-01-30 A power plant and method for increasing the efficiency of the power plant

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP16153861.6A EP3203150B1 (de) 2016-02-02 2016-02-02 Kraftwerk und verfahren zur erhöhung des wirkungsgrades des kraftwerks

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EP3203150A1 EP3203150A1 (de) 2017-08-09
EP3203150B1 true EP3203150B1 (de) 2021-05-26

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EP (1) EP3203150B1 (de)
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WO (1) WO2017134016A1 (de)

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CN107559816B (zh) * 2017-09-20 2019-10-15 中国神华能源股份有限公司 循环流化床机组的控制方法和装置、存储介质、处理器
CN113280359A (zh) * 2021-06-25 2021-08-20 西安热工研究院有限公司 一种减轻π型高钠煤锅炉对流受热面沾污的方法

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FI86219C (fi) * 1989-04-13 1992-07-27 Ahlstroem Oy Foerfarande och anordning foer tillvaratagande av vaerme ur fraon foergasnings- eller foerbraenningsprocesser avskilt fast material.
AU685766B2 (en) * 1993-03-03 1998-01-29 Ebara Corporation Pressurized internal circulating fluidized-bed boiler
FI122189B (fi) * 2009-12-21 2011-09-30 Foster Wheeler Energia Oy Menetelmä ja järjestely lämmön talteenottamiseksi palamisprosessin pohjatuhkasta
FI123073B (fi) * 2011-04-20 2012-10-31 Foster Wheeler Energia Oy Järjestely ja menetelmä polttoaineen kuivaamiseksi kattilasysteemissä

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WO2017134016A1 (en) 2017-08-10
PL3203150T3 (pl) 2021-10-25

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