EP3195934A1 - Grinding device and method for operating the same - Google Patents
Grinding device and method for operating the same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3195934A1 EP3195934A1 EP17152106.5A EP17152106A EP3195934A1 EP 3195934 A1 EP3195934 A1 EP 3195934A1 EP 17152106 A EP17152106 A EP 17152106A EP 3195934 A1 EP3195934 A1 EP 3195934A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cutting
- crushing
- rollers
- teeth
- comminution
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
- B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
- B02C18/16—Details
- B02C18/18—Knives; Mountings thereof
- B02C18/182—Disc-shaped knives
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
- B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
- B02C18/14—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers
- B02C18/142—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers with two or more inter-engaging rotatable cutter assemblies
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
- B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
- B02C18/16—Details
- B02C18/22—Feed or discharge means
- B02C18/2225—Feed means
- B02C18/2291—Feed chute arrangements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C25/00—Control arrangements specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
- B02C18/0007—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments specially adapted for disintegrating documents
- B02C2018/0015—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments specially adapted for disintegrating documents for disintegrating CDs, DVDs and/or credit cards
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
- B02C18/0007—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments specially adapted for disintegrating documents
- B02C2018/0023—Switching devices
Definitions
- the invention relates to a crushing device for crushed material such as memory cards, mobile terminals or the like., So in particular relatively stable, rigid and sometimes thick or voluminous and possibly smooth crushed material. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for operating such a comminution device.
- shredders Various similar shredding devices, also called shredders, are known from the prior art. These can be designed not only for shredding paper, but also for CDs, such as the DE 19912036 A1 , or various other media such as according to the DE 10008442 A1 , However, these shredders are not suitable for mobile terminals such as mobile phones or tablet computers.
- the invention has for its object to provide an aforementioned crushing device and an aforementioned method for their operation, with which problems of the prior art can be avoided and it is particularly possible, the aforementioned crushed material, especially mobile devices, simple, good and secure to crush. In particular, it is important that stored on this shredded digital data can no longer be read or used.
- the comminution device comprises a comminution unit which, in a substantially known manner, interacts with one another in a mutually parallel manner opposite directions of rotation has rotatably driven cutting rollers.
- the cutting rollers each have alternately arranged and intersecting or intermeshing cutting discs, which together form a so-called cutting gap over the length of the cutting rollers.
- This cutting gap is the area in which comminuted material comes into contact with both cutting rollers and thus its comminution is started.
- cutting discs of a cutting roller each engage in an annular groove between adjacent cutting discs of the other cutting roller.
- this intervention is alternating.
- all but the outermost cutting disks at each of the two ends of the cutting rollers abut all cutting disks on two adjacent cutting disks of the opposite cutting drum. In this case, then no broad open spaces or the like. intended.
- the cutting discs have, in a manner known per se, cutting edges on their outer edge edges which cooperate with corresponding cutting edges of the cutting discs of the other cutting roller. Furthermore, the cutting disks have a plurality of teeth along the outer circumference, for example 6 teeth to 20 teeth. Each tooth has a tooth tip and a tooth cutting edge on this tooth tip.
- the teeth are identical in their shape for all cutting wheels equal or particularly advantageous even identical.
- the teeth or the tooth cutting edges of the cutting discs are aligned in such a way that they lie next to the teeth or tooth cutting edges of the other cutting roller during rotation of the cutting rollers in one working direction during operation of the comminution unit or comminution device.
- a feed with a feed path for the comminuted material is provided to the crushing plant.
- This can be, for example, a kind of track or slide to bring the crushed material automatically to the crushing plant.
- this feed or the feed path should be above the crushing plant or run, in particular with a slope, so that the crushed material automatically after laying or Feeding into the crusher slips to shredding.
- the feed path can end above the comminution unit or above the cutting gap, a distance can advantageously be about 5 cm to 20 cm.
- an elongated guide device is arranged, which is advantageous in the manner of a long projection or in the manner of a guide rib or the like. can be trained.
- the guide device extends over a length of at least 30% of the length of the cutting rollers or of the cutting gap. Furthermore, the guide device is inclined in its longitudinal course by a fastening to the crushing device or in a guide shaft towards the free end downwards.
- An inclination angle can be 1 ° to 20 ° or even up to 45 °. Due to the inclination, the comminution material reaching the guide device can automatically slide along it and, in particular in the case of particularly large comminuted material, be guided by a special design of the guide device into a specific region of the cutting rollers or the comminution unit. In a further embodiment of the invention, this region can then be particularly well suited for the comminution of such large comminuted material and be designed accordingly.
- a crushing device is provided by the invention, which is particularly suitable for stable, smooth and possibly also thick crushed material.
- comminuted material especially the inventive design of the cutting discs or the teeth and their arrangement has been found to be advantageous on the cutting discs and cutting rollers.
- a tooth cutting of the teeth or the cutting discs may have a longitudinal direction parallel to the longitudinal directions of the cutting rollers. This means that the tooth cutting edge is transverse to the plane of the cutting discs.
- the cutting rollers are parallel to each other.
- the teeth of directly interlocking adjacent cutting discs to a median plane between the cutting rollers which are also perpendicular to a plane in which the axes of rotation of the cutting rollers are mirror-symmetrical, particularly advantageous in each position of the cutting discs or teeth.
- the teeth of directly intermeshing opposed cutting discs have the same distance from each other and, so to speak, simultaneously hit this center plane.
- the distances of the teeth on a cutting disc are advantageously uniform. This applies in particular to all cutting discs of a cutting roller or all cutting discs of both cutting rollers. Thus, a production of the crushing device or the cutting rollers can be simplified.
- the teeth of the cutting discs are designed so that they are sawtooth-shaped forward and inclined in the direction of rotation of the cutting rollers. Such relatively sharp teeth can very well grab the said comminution material in order to pull it into the comminution unit or cutting unit.
- recesses are provided along the cutting rollers which form the aforementioned teeth or through which the teeth are worked out.
- These recesses and the teeth of a cutting roller may each extend along lines which are non-parallel to the longitudinal axis of the cutting roller or which have an angle between 1 ° and 10 °, preferably at most 5 °, to a plane through the longitudinal axis of the cutting roller or include.
- the lines run around the cutting rollers as slightly helical spirals.
- the guide device according to the invention can also be provided that it covers between 30% and 70% of the length of the cutting gap between the cutting rollers, advantageous between 40% and 60%. It should therefore not run over the entire cutting gap, since in the free area especially large crushed material is to be introduced into the crushing unit or between the cutting rollers.
- the guide device in particular also with its inclination according to the invention or its oblique course for automatically slipping the comminuted material, is used for this purpose.
- the guide device can advantageously extend directly above the cutting gap or above the cutting rollers. It can be particularly advantageous while covering a center line between the two cutting rollers at least partially.
- the guide advantageously in its longitudinal course towards a free end, which ends so to speak over the crushing unit or on the cutting gap is inclined, it can be inclined in flat configuration in a direction transverse thereto, ie in the width direction, towards a wall of a guide shaft be attached to it or at least to which it is very close. It can thus be achieved that the comminuted material also actually slides along the guide device as far as its free end and does not slip sideways into the comminuting device.
- a guide device is designed as a sheet metal, particularly advantageously without openings, so that no crushed material can catch or get caught therein.
- a guide shaft may be provided between the feed path from above and the comminution unit below or the cutting rollers.
- the feed path can reach to one side of the guide shaft, wherein it advantageously extends transversely to the longitudinal direction of the cutting rollers.
- the guide device according to the invention is arranged on the feed path opposite side of the guide shaft, but in any case under the feed path.
- large objects to be shredded can slide over the feed track, first falling onto the guide device, then again sliding along this until reaching a desired area above the cutting rollers. Then they can fall from the guide down into the crushing plant or on the cutting rollers.
- a width of the guide device may be between 30% and 70%, advantageously between 40% and 60%, of the width of the guide shaft in this direction. So just large items to be shredded can be easily absorbed to slide along on the Guide device, while small crushed material may also fall laterally past the guide directly into the cutting gap or between the cutting rollers.
- the guide slot may have a length corresponding to the cutting gap and a width in the range of 10% to 30% of the length. In absolute terms, this can be a length of about 15 cm to 50 cm and a width of 2 cm to 15 cm.
- a diameter of the cutting discs may be about 4 cm to 8 cm or even 10 cm. Their thickness can vary between 1 mm and 10 mm.
- a load measurement during operation is carried out on a drive motor for the comminution plant, which advantageously drives both cutting rollers, when comminution material has been introduced. This is achieved particularly advantageously by detecting the current that the drive motor requires. Thus, it can be detected depending on the load condition of the drive motor, whether the crushing plant has grinded shredded material.
- Such methods are known in the art from the prior art and need not be explained in detail here. It is recognized that the crushing plant has gripped a shredded material, for example after it has been automated by a light barrier or the like. has been put into operation, so it performs a conventional crushing operation.
- the drive motor is reversed, so that it can Turning crusher in the opposite direction.
- the direction of rotation of the cutting rollers is thus reversed compared to the working direction. This again can be done for a short time, advantageously between 0.5 second and 5 to 10 seconds.
- the location of a crushing material or an object to be crushed which is likely already applied to the cutting rollers or resting on them, but has not yet been gripped by the teeth to be changed so that this is possible.
- the drive motor is stopped again and the crushing unit is rotated by the drive motor again in its normal working direction.
- the comminuted material should then advantageously have been gripped by the teeth or by the comminution unit.
- this process can be repeated once or several times, whereby the position of the comminuted material is to be changed as much as possible each time. This repetition can be done between 2 times and 10 times. If, after a load measurement, no detection and comminution of comminution material has still been recorded, then an error message or a corresponding alternative message can be output to an operator. Then it has to remove the shredded material or otherwise try to shred it.
- a shredding device 11 according to the invention is shown, as it can be used for example in an office or in a smaller company to crush the above-mentioned crushed material or to destroy especially the stored digital data.
- the crushing device can be about 0.8 m to 1.5 m in size and advantageously operated on a conventional power supply.
- the crushing device 11 has a housing 12 with a slot-like feed opening 14 with the exemplary dimensions 4 cm x 16 cm, which is long and wide enough for the intended crushing material.
- Adjoining the feed opening 14 on the upper side of the comminution device 11 is a feed 16 with an oblique feed path 17.
- the guide shaft 19 runs vertically here, but this need not be so. It has a width of 16 cm as the feed opening 14, which dimensions could well be twice as large.
- a guide 21 is disposed below the feed path 17, which from the top view of Fig. 4 is better to recognize.
- the guide 21, is looked at the bottom here, here is an elongated plate and attached to the right wall 20b of the guide shaft 19 and abuts it. It is inclined obliquely to the wall 20b right down or forms with this a kind of V-shaped groove. In its longitudinal course, it is inclined downwards in the drawing plane, which can be seen at the lower-lying free end 22.
- a crushing plant 24 which in principle has many constructive similarities with known crushing plants or cutters of shredders mentioned above.
- the crushing unit 24 has a drive motor 26 which, like the Fig. 4 shows left over a simplified chain shown the comminutor 24 drives in a known manner.
- the crusher 24 has a left cutting roll 28a and a right cutting roll 28b with left cutting disks 29a and right cutting disks 29b, respectively.
- the cutting discs 29a and 29b each have teeth 30a and 30b and provided on tooth tips tooth cutters 31a and 31b. Between two successive teeth of the same cutting disc are each recesses 33 a and 33 b, as shown in the enlarged view of Fig. 2 is clearly visible.
- the teeth 30a and 30b are inclined in the direction of rotation or working direction of the cutting discs 29a and 29b, so that they are formed like a sawtooth or fang like.
- Each cutting disc 29a and 29b are each provided with 14 teeth 30a and 30b. Especially the top view of the Fig.
- scrapers 35 are provided as fixed narrow projections, namely left scraper 35 a and right scraper 35 b. These are however from the State of the art known and are to remove particles or parts of the crushed material from the annular grooves between the cutting discs 29.
- a cutting gap 37 is shown, which is recognizable between the two cutting rollers 28a and 28b.
- teeth 30a and 30b equal to each other, so that the cutting gap 37 is almost closed.
- the cutting discs 29a and 29b completely cover each other, even if the recesses 33a and 33b lie precisely on a plane in which the two axes of rotation of the cutting rollers 28a and 28b lie.
- an expected and desired path A is shown for large crushed material, for example, the aforementioned mobile terminals.
- This path A comes from above via the feed 16 and the feed path 17 and leads through the guide 21.
- the guide 21 By the arrangement of the guide 21 on the wall 20b, which is opposite to the feed path 17, it is ensured that such comminuted material thereof also on the guide 21 lands. The comminuted material then slips over the free end 22 of the guide device 21 into the comminution unit 24 or onto the cutting gap 37.
- the length of the guide 21 is slightly more than half the length of the cutting gap 37 and the length of the cutting rollers 28a and 28b. Im here in the Fig.
- the opening width at the teeth 30a and 30b is slightly larger, so that here larger objects can be better grasped and pulled into the crushing unit 24. This has already been mentioned above.
- the purpose of the guide device 21 is therefore to ensure that large comminuted material comes as far as possible into this right area between the cutting rollers 28a and 28b and not in the left area.
- a web B is shown for crushing material, which slides down on the feed path 17 and on the left past the guide 21 in the crushing plant 24 into it.
- These can be, for example, memory cards or so-called SD cards, which can be gripped easily and securely by the comminution unit 24 or the cutting rollers 28a and 28b for pulling in and crushing or destroying.
- larger mobile terminals can also be supplied in the form of tablet computers, which thus also pass the guide device 21 and pass through the comminution work 24. However, they are not introduced via the feed opening 14. For them, a movable or displaceable flap 15, on the left of the feed opening 14 is provided, pushed to the side and then the way is directly from the top of the guide 21 over into the crushing unit 24 free. For such tablet computers, the crushing is not a problem, since they are quite thin and thus are safely gripped by the cutting rollers in each area.
- a method described above for operating the comminution device 11 according to the figures is readily conceivable with reference to the figures and need not be repeated again in detail.
- a power supply for the drive motor 26 is an aforementioned load measurement, which is advantageously connected to a not shown here control of the crushing device 11 for the drive motor 26.
- microswitches or the like can advantageously be detected via photocells, when comminution material has been introduced, alternatively also at the displaceable flap 15. Then the drive motor 26 can be started and the cutting rollers 28a and 28b the crushing unit 24 in the working direction, as in Fig. 2 located, offset.
- the process of reversing the direction of rotation takes place for a short time.
- the material to be comminuted is to change its position or its contact with the cutting rollers 28a and 28b or the teeth 30, so that when the direction of rotation is reversed in the working direction, gripping takes place.
- the process of reversing the direction of rotation is repeated, possibly also several times as previously explained.
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Abstract
Eine Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung für Zerkleinerungsgut wie Speicherkarten oder mobile Endgeräte weist ein Zerkleinerungswerk (24) auf mit zwei zusammenwirkenden Schneidwalzen (28a, 28b) mit Schneidscheiben (29a, 29b), die an Außenrandkanten Schneidkanten aufweisen und einen Schneidspalt bilden. Die Schneidscheiben (29b) der einen Schneidwalze (28b) greifen jeweils in eine Ringnut zwischen benachbarten Schneidscheiben (29a) der anderen Schneidwalze (28a) ein und weisen entlang des Außenumfangs mehrere Zähne (30a, 30b) auf mit jeweils einer Zahnspitze und einer Zahnschneide (31a, 31b). Die Zahnschneiden (31a) der einen Schneidwalze (28a) liegen im Betrieb bei Drehung der Schneidwalzen jeweils neben den Zahnschneiden (31b) der anderen Schneidwalze (28b). Die Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung weist noch eine Zuführung (16) mit einer Zuführbahn (17) für das Zerkleinerungsgut zu dem Zerkleinerungswerk (24) auf, die oberhalb des Schneidspalts endet. Dazwischen ist eine längliche Leitvorrichtung (21) angeordnet, die sich über eine Länge von mindestens 30% der Länge der Schneidwalzen (28a, 28b) erstreckt und in ihrem Längsverlauf nach unten geneigt ist.A comminution device for comminuted material, such as memory cards or mobile terminals, has a comminution unit (24) with two cooperating cutting rollers (28a, 28b) with cutting discs (29a, 29b) which have cutting edges at outer edge edges and form a cutting gap. The cutting discs (29b) of one cutting roller (28b) each engage in an annular groove between adjacent cutting discs (29a) of the other cutting roller (28a) and have along the outer circumference a plurality of teeth (30a, 30b) each having a tooth tip and a tooth cutting edge (29). 31a, 31b). The tooth cutting edges (31a) of one cutting roller (28a) are in operation, when the cutting rollers rotate, next to the tooth cutting edges (31b) of the other cutting roller (28b). The comminution device also has a feed (16) with a feed path (17) for the comminuted material to the comminution unit (24), which ends above the cutting gap. In between, an elongate guide device (21) is arranged, which extends over a length of at least 30% of the length of the cutting rollers (28a, 28b) and is inclined downwards in its longitudinal course.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung für Zerkleinerungsgut wie Speicherkarten, mobile Endgeräte odgl., also insbesondere relativ stabiles, biegesteifes und teils dickes bzw. voluminöses und evtl. glattes Zerkleinerungsgut. Des Weiteren betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zum Betrieb einer solchen Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung.The invention relates to a crushing device for crushed material such as memory cards, mobile terminals or the like., So in particular relatively stable, rigid and sometimes thick or voluminous and possibly smooth crushed material. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for operating such a comminution device.
Aus dem Stand der Technik sind verschiedene ähnliche Zerkleinerungsvorrichtungen, auch Shredder genannt, bekannt. Diese können nicht nur zum Zerkleinern von Papier ausgebildet sein, sondern auch für CDs, wie beispielsweise die
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine eingangs genannte Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung sowie ein eingangs genanntes Verfahren zu ihrem Betrieb zu schaffen, mit denen Probleme des Standes der Technik vermieden werden können und es insbesondere möglich ist, vorgenanntes Zerkleinerungsgut, insbesondere mobile Endgeräte, einfach, gut und sicher zu zerkleinern. Insbesondere kommt es dabei darauf an, dass auf diesem Zerkleinerungsgut gespeicherte digitale Daten nicht mehr ausgelesen oder verwendet werden können.The invention has for its object to provide an aforementioned crushing device and an aforementioned method for their operation, with which problems of the prior art can be avoided and it is particularly possible, the aforementioned crushed material, especially mobile devices, simple, good and secure to crush. In particular, it is important that stored on this shredded digital data can no longer be read or used.
Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe durch eine Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 sowie durch Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 12. Vorteilhafte sowie bevorzugte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den weiteren Ansprüchen angegeben und werden im Folgenden näher erläutert. Dabei werden manche der Merkmale nur für die Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung oder nur für das Verfahren zu ihrem Betrieb beschrieben. Sie sollen jedoch unabhängig davon sowohl für die Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung als auch für das Verfahren selbständig und unabhängig voneinander gelten können. Der Wortlaut der Ansprüche wird durch ausdrückliche Bezugnahme zum Inhalt der Beschreibung gemacht.This object is achieved by a comminution device with the features of
Es ist vorgesehen, dass die Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung ein Zerkleinerungswerk aufweist, das an sich auf im Wesentlichen bekannte Art und Weise zwei zusammenwirkende, in zueinander entgegengesetzte Drehrichtungen drehbar angetriebene Schneidwalzen aufweist. Die Schneidwalzen weisen jeweils abwechselnd angeordnete und einander überschneidende bzw. ineinander eingreifende Schneidscheiben auf, die über die Länge der Schneidwalzen miteinander einen sogenannten Schneidspalt bilden. Dieser Schneidspalt ist der Bereich, in dem Zerkleinerungsgut mit beiden Schneidwalzen in Kontakt kommt und so dessen Zerkleinerung begonnen wird. Dabei greifen Schneidscheiben der einen Schneidwalze jeweils in eine Ringnut zwischen benachbarten Schneidscheiben der anderen Schneidwalze ein. Vorteilhaft ist dieser Eingriff jeweils abwechselnd. Besonders vorteilhaft liegen dabei bis auf die äußersten Schneidscheiben an jeweils beiden Enden der Schneidwalzen alle Schneidscheiben an zwei benachbarten Schneidscheiben der gegenüberliegenden Schneidwalze an. In diesem Fall sind dann keine breiten offenen Zwischenräume odgl. vorgesehen.It is envisaged that the comminution device comprises a comminution unit which, in a substantially known manner, interacts with one another in a mutually parallel manner opposite directions of rotation has rotatably driven cutting rollers. The cutting rollers each have alternately arranged and intersecting or intermeshing cutting discs, which together form a so-called cutting gap over the length of the cutting rollers. This cutting gap is the area in which comminuted material comes into contact with both cutting rollers and thus its comminution is started. In this case, cutting discs of a cutting roller each engage in an annular groove between adjacent cutting discs of the other cutting roller. Advantageously, this intervention is alternating. With particular advantage all but the outermost cutting disks at each of the two ends of the cutting rollers abut all cutting disks on two adjacent cutting disks of the opposite cutting drum. In this case, then no broad open spaces or the like. intended.
Die Schneidscheiben weisen auf an sich bekannte Art und Weise an ihren Außenrandkanten Schneidkanten auf, die mit entsprechenden Schneidkanten der Schneidscheiben der anderen Schneidwalze zusammenwirken. Des Weiteren weisen die Schneidscheiben entlang des Außenumfangs mehrere Zähne auf, beispielsweise 6 Zähne bis 20 Zähne. Jeder Zahn weist eine Zahnspitze und eine Zahnschneide an dieser Zahnspitze auf. Vorteilhaft sind die Zähne in ihrer Form für alle Schneidscheiben gleich bzw. besonders vorteilhaft sogar identisch.The cutting discs have, in a manner known per se, cutting edges on their outer edge edges which cooperate with corresponding cutting edges of the cutting discs of the other cutting roller. Furthermore, the cutting disks have a plurality of teeth along the outer circumference, for example 6 teeth to 20 teeth. Each tooth has a tooth tip and a tooth cutting edge on this tooth tip. Advantageously, the teeth are identical in their shape for all cutting wheels equal or particularly advantageous even identical.
Erfindungsgemäß ist vorgesehen, dass die Zähne bzw. die Zahnschneiden der Schneidscheiben so ausgerichtet sind, dass sie im Betrieb des Zerkleinerungswerks bzw. der Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung bei Drehung der Schneidwalzen in einer Arbeitsrichtung jeweils neben den Zähnen bzw. Zahnschneiden der anderen Schneidwalze liegen. Dies bedeutet vorteilhaft, dass die Schneidscheiben der beiden Schneidwalzen sozusagen Zahn auf Zahn treffen bzw. greifen und nicht, wie es zum Teil beim vorgenannten Stand der Technik vorgesehen ist, die Zähne der Schneidscheiben der einen Schneidwalze in Vertiefungen zwischen zwei Zähnen bei der anderen Schneidwalze treffen. Durch dieses vorteilhafte Aufeinandertreffen der sich gegenüberliegenden Zähne kann das eingangs genannte stabile und teilweise auch glatte Zerkleinerungsgut wie insbesondere mobile Endgeräte gut gegriffen und zur Zerkleinerung zwischen die Schneidwalzen gezogen werden.According to the invention, it is provided that the teeth or the tooth cutting edges of the cutting discs are aligned in such a way that they lie next to the teeth or tooth cutting edges of the other cutting roller during rotation of the cutting rollers in one working direction during operation of the comminution unit or comminution device. This advantageously means that the cutting discs of the two cutting rollers, as it were, hit tooth on tooth and not, as provided in part in the aforementioned prior art, the teeth of the cutting discs of a cutting roller in recesses between two teeth in the other cutting roller meet , This advantageous meeting of opposing teeth, the aforementioned stable and sometimes even crushed material such as mobile devices in particular are well gripped and pulled for shredding between the cutting rollers.
Des Weiteren ist eine Zuführung mit einer Zuführbahn für das Zerkleinerungsgut zu dem Zerkleinerungswerk vorgesehen. Dies kann beispielsweise eine Art Bahn bzw. Rutschbahn sein um das Zerkleinerungsgut selbsttätig an das Zerkleinerungswerk heranzuführen. Dabei sollte diese Zuführung bzw. die Zuführbahn oberhalb des Zerkleinerungswerks liegen oder verlaufen, insbesondere mit einer Schräge, so dass das Zerkleinerungsgut selbsttätig nach Auflegen oder Zuführen in das Zerkleinerungswerk rutscht zur Zerkleinerung. Die Zuführbahn kann oberhalb des Zerkleinerungswerks bzw. oberhalb des Schneidspalts enden, ein Abstand kann vorteilhaft etwa 5 cm bis 20 cm betragen. Unterhalb des Endes der Zuführbahn und oberhalb des Zerkleinerungswerks bzw. oberhalb des Schneidspalts ist eine längliche Leitvorrichtung angeordnet, die vorteilhaft nach Art eines langen Vorsprungs oder nach Art einer Führungsrippe odgl. ausgebildet sein kann. Dabei erstreckt sich die Leitvorrichtung über eine Länge von mindestens 30% der Länge der Schneidwalzen bzw. des Schneidspalts. Des Weiteren ist die Leitvorrichtung in ihrem Längsverlauf von einer Befestigung an der Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung bzw. in einem Führungsschacht hin zum freien Ende nach unten geneigt. Ein Neigungswinkel kann 1° bis 20° oder sogar bis 45° betragen. Durch die Neigung kann auf die Leitvorrichtung gelangendes Zerkleinerungsgut selbsttätig an diesem entlangrutschen und, insbesondere im Fall von besonders großem Zerkleinerungsgut, durch eine spezielle Ausgestaltung der Leitvorrichtung in einen bestimmten Bereich der Schneidwalzen bzw. des Zerkleinerungswerks geführt werden. Dieser Bereich kann dann in weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung besonders gut zur Zerkleinerung von solch großem Zerkleinerungsgut geeignet sein und dazu entsprechend ausgebildet sein.Furthermore, a feed with a feed path for the comminuted material is provided to the crushing plant. This can be, for example, a kind of track or slide to bring the crushed material automatically to the crushing plant. In this case, this feed or the feed path should be above the crushing plant or run, in particular with a slope, so that the crushed material automatically after laying or Feeding into the crusher slips to shredding. The feed path can end above the comminution unit or above the cutting gap, a distance can advantageously be about 5 cm to 20 cm. Below the end of the feed path and above the crushing unit or above the cutting gap, an elongated guide device is arranged, which is advantageous in the manner of a long projection or in the manner of a guide rib or the like. can be trained. In this case, the guide device extends over a length of at least 30% of the length of the cutting rollers or of the cutting gap. Furthermore, the guide device is inclined in its longitudinal course by a fastening to the crushing device or in a guide shaft towards the free end downwards. An inclination angle can be 1 ° to 20 ° or even up to 45 °. Due to the inclination, the comminution material reaching the guide device can automatically slide along it and, in particular in the case of particularly large comminuted material, be guided by a special design of the guide device into a specific region of the cutting rollers or the comminution unit. In a further embodiment of the invention, this region can then be particularly well suited for the comminution of such large comminuted material and be designed accordingly.
Somit wird durch die Erfindung eine Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung geschaffen, die vor allem für stabiles, glattes und evtl. auch dickes Zerkleinerungsgut geeignet ist. Für derartiges Zerkleinerungsgut hat sich vor allem die erfindungsgemäße Ausgestaltung der Schneidscheiben bzw. der Zähne sowie deren Anordnung an den Schneidscheiben und Schneidwalzen als vorteilhaft herausgestellt.Thus, a crushing device is provided by the invention, which is particularly suitable for stable, smooth and possibly also thick crushed material. For such comminuted material, especially the inventive design of the cutting discs or the teeth and their arrangement has been found to be advantageous on the cutting discs and cutting rollers.
Durch die erfindungsgemäße Leitvorrichtung wird es ermöglicht, dass unterschiedlich großes Zerkleinerungsgut in dem Zerkleinerungswerk unterschiedlich bearbeitet wird bzw. durch die Zuführung an unterschiedliche Bereiche der Schneidwalzen jeweils passend bearbeitet wird. Dadurch kann auf separate Zuführöffnungen odgl. wie entsprechend der
In vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung der Erfindung kann eine Zahnschneide der Zähne bzw. der Schneidscheiben eine Längsrichtung parallel zu den Längsrichtungen der Schneidwalzen aufweisen. Dies bedeutet also, dass die Zahnschneide quer zur Ebene der Schneidscheiben verläuft. Bevorzugt verlaufen die Schneidwalzen parallel zueinander.In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, a tooth cutting of the teeth or the cutting discs may have a longitudinal direction parallel to the longitudinal directions of the cutting rollers. This means that the tooth cutting edge is transverse to the plane of the cutting discs. Preferably, the cutting rollers are parallel to each other.
In vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sind die Zähne von direkt ineinandergreifenden benachbarten Schneidscheiben zu einer Mittelebene zwischen den Schneidwalzen, die auch senkrecht verläuft zu einer Ebene, in der die Drehachsen der Schneidwalzen liegen, spiegelsymmetrisch, besonders vorteilhaft in jeder Stellung der Schneidscheiben bzw. der Zähne. Dies bedeutet, dass in jeder Drehstellung der Schneidwalzen die Zähne von direkt ineinandergreifenden gegenüberliegenden Schneidscheiben gleichen Abstand zueinander haben und sozusagen gleichzeitig auf diese Mittelebene treffen. So können die vorgenannten stabilen bzw. steifen und glatten Gegenstände des Zerkleinerungsguts besser gegriffen und in das Zerkleinerungswerk gezogen werden.In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the teeth of directly interlocking adjacent cutting discs to a median plane between the cutting rollers, which are also perpendicular to a plane in which the axes of rotation of the cutting rollers are mirror-symmetrical, particularly advantageous in each position of the cutting discs or teeth. This means that in each rotational position of the cutting rollers, the teeth of directly intermeshing opposed cutting discs have the same distance from each other and, so to speak, simultaneously hit this center plane. Thus, the aforementioned stable or stiff and smooth objects of the crushed material can be better grasped and pulled into the crushing plant.
Die Abstände der Zähne an einer Schneidscheibe sind vorteilhaft gleichmäßig. Dies gilt insbesondere auch für alle Schneidscheiben einer Schneidwalze bzw. alle Schneidscheiben beider Schneidwalzen. So kann eine Herstellung der Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung bzw. der Schneidwalzen vereinfacht werden.The distances of the teeth on a cutting disc are advantageously uniform. This applies in particular to all cutting discs of a cutting roller or all cutting discs of both cutting rollers. Thus, a production of the crushing device or the cutting rollers can be simplified.
In vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sind die Zähne der Schneidscheiben so ausgebildet, dass sie in Drehrichtung der Schneidwalzen weisend sägezahnartig nach vorne und schrägstehend ausgebildet sind. Derartige relativ spitze Zähne können sehr gut das genannte Zerkleinerungsgut greifen um es ins Zerkleinerungswerk bzw. Schneidwerk zu ziehen.In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the teeth of the cutting discs are designed so that they are sawtooth-shaped forward and inclined in the direction of rotation of the cutting rollers. Such relatively sharp teeth can very well grab the said comminution material in order to pull it into the comminution unit or cutting unit.
In Ausgestaltung der Erfindung kann vorgesehen sein, dass in den Schneidwalzen bzw. in den Schneidscheiben Vertiefungen vorgesehen sind entlang der Schneidwalzen, die die vorgenannten Zähne bilden bzw. durch welche die Zähne herausgearbeitet werden. Diese Vertiefungen und die Zähne einer Schneidwalze können jeweils entlang von Linien verlaufen, die nicht-parallel zu der Längsachse der Schneidwalze verlaufen bzw. die einen Winkel zwischen 1° und 10°, vorzugsweise maximal 5°, zu einer Ebene durch die Längsachse der Schneidwalze aufweisen bzw. einschließen. In einfachen Worten ausgedrückt laufen die Linien als ganz leicht schräge Spiralen um die Schneidwalzen. Durch diesen Verlauf der Vertiefungen und Zähne ist es möglich, dass in einem Bereich der Schneidwalzen bzw. des Zerkleinerungswerks, in dem die Vertiefungen bei den beiden Schneidwalzen sozusagen größeren Abstand zueinander haben, noch größere Freiräume zwischen den Schneidscheiben bzw. Zahnschneiden im Schneidspalt geschaffen werden, in welchen große zu zerkleinernde Gegenstände als Zerkleinerungsgut besonders gut gegriffen werden können um zerkleinert zu werden.In an embodiment of the invention can be provided that in the cutting rollers or in the cutting discs recesses are provided along the cutting rollers which form the aforementioned teeth or through which the teeth are worked out. These recesses and the teeth of a cutting roller may each extend along lines which are non-parallel to the longitudinal axis of the cutting roller or which have an angle between 1 ° and 10 °, preferably at most 5 °, to a plane through the longitudinal axis of the cutting roller or include. In simple words, the lines run around the cutting rollers as slightly helical spirals. Through this course of the depressions and teeth, it is possible that in a region of the cutting rollers or of the comminuting unit, in which the depressions in the two cutting rollers have a larger distance from one another, larger free spaces are created between the cutting disks or tooth cutters in the cutting gap, in which large items to be crushed as crushed can be used particularly well to be crushed.
Für die erfindungsgemäße Leitvorrichtung kann auch noch vorgesehen sein, dass sie zwischen 30% und 70% der Länge des Schneidspalts zwischen den Schneidwalzen überdeckt, vorteilhaft zwischen 40% und 60%. Sie sollte also nicht über den gesamten Schneidspalt verlaufen, da in dem freien Bereich vor allem großes Zerkleinerungsgut in das Zerkleinerungswerk bzw. zwischen die Schneidwalzen eingebracht werden soll. Dazu dient eben die Leitvorrichtung, insbesondere auch mit ihrer erfindungsgemäßen Neigung bzw. ihrem schrägen Verlauf zum selbsttätigen Entlangrutschen des Zerkleinerungsguts. Die Leitvorrichtung kann vorteilhaft direkt oberhalb des Schneidspalts verlaufen bzw. oberhalb der Schneidwalzen. Sie kann besonders vorteilhaft dabei eine Mittellinie zwischen den beiden Schneidwalzen zumindest bereichsweise überdecken.For the guide device according to the invention can also be provided that it covers between 30% and 70% of the length of the cutting gap between the cutting rollers, advantageous between 40% and 60%. It should therefore not run over the entire cutting gap, since in the free area especially large crushed material is to be introduced into the crushing unit or between the cutting rollers. The guide device, in particular also with its inclination according to the invention or its oblique course for automatically slipping the comminuted material, is used for this purpose. The guide device can advantageously extend directly above the cutting gap or above the cutting rollers. It can be particularly advantageous while covering a center line between the two cutting rollers at least partially.
Während die Leitvorrichtung vorteilhaft in ihrem Längsverlauf hin zu einem freien Ende, das sozusagen über dem Zerkleinerungswerk bzw. über dem Schneidspalt endet, geneigt ist, kann sie bei flächiger Ausgestaltung in einer Richtung quer dazu, also in Breitenrichtung, hin zu einer Wand eines Führungsschachts geneigt sein, an der sie befestigt ist oder zumindest zu der sie sehr nahe verläuft. So kann erreicht werden, dass das Zerkleinerungsgut auch tatsächlich entlang der Leitvorrichtung gleitet bis zu ihrem freien Ende und nicht bereits vorher seitlich in das Zerkleinerungswerk rutscht. Vorteilhaft ist eine solche Leitvorrichtung als Blech ausgebildet, besonders vorteilhaft ohne Öffnungen, so dass sich kein Zerkleinerungsgut darin fangen oder verhaken kann.While the guide advantageously in its longitudinal course towards a free end, which ends so to speak over the crushing unit or on the cutting gap is inclined, it can be inclined in flat configuration in a direction transverse thereto, ie in the width direction, towards a wall of a guide shaft be attached to it or at least to which it is very close. It can thus be achieved that the comminuted material also actually slides along the guide device as far as its free end and does not slip sideways into the comminuting device. Advantageously, such a guide device is designed as a sheet metal, particularly advantageously without openings, so that no crushed material can catch or get caught therein.
In Ausgestaltung der Erfindung kann zwischen der Zuführbahn von oben und dem Zerkleinerungswerk darunter bzw. den Schneidwalzen darunter ein Führungsschacht vorgesehen sein. Die Zuführbahn kann dabei an eine Seite des Führungsschachts heranreichen, wobei sie vorteilhaft quer zur Längsrichtung der Schneidwalzen verläuft.In an embodiment of the invention, a guide shaft may be provided between the feed path from above and the comminution unit below or the cutting rollers. The feed path can reach to one side of the guide shaft, wherein it advantageously extends transversely to the longitudinal direction of the cutting rollers.
Für einen solchen Führungsschacht kann vorgesehen sein, dass die erfindungsgemäße Leitvorrichtung auf der der Zuführbahn gegenüber liegenden Seite des Führungsschachts angeordnet ist, auf alle Fälle aber unter der Zuführbahn. So können große zu zerkleinernde Gegenstände über die Zuführbahn heranrutschen, erst auf die Leitvorrichtung fallen, dann wiederum an dieser entlanggleiten bis zu einem gewünschten Bereich über den Schneidwalzen. Dann können sie von der Leitvorrichtung nach unten in das Zerkleinerungswerk bzw. auf die Schneidwalzen fallen.For such a guide shaft can be provided that the guide device according to the invention is arranged on the feed path opposite side of the guide shaft, but in any case under the feed path. Thus, large objects to be shredded can slide over the feed track, first falling onto the guide device, then again sliding along this until reaching a desired area above the cutting rollers. Then they can fall from the guide down into the crushing plant or on the cutting rollers.
Eine Breite der Leitvorrichtung kann zwischen 30% und 70%, vorteilhaft zwischen 40% und 60%, der Breite des Führungsschachts in dieser Richtung betragen. So können eben große zu zerkleinernde Gegenstände gut aufgefangen werden zum Entlanggleiten auf der Leitvorrichtung, während kleines Zerkleinerungsgut unter Umständen auch seitlich an der Leitvorrichtung vorbei direkt in den Schneidspalt bzw. zwischen die Schneidwalzen fallen kann.A width of the guide device may be between 30% and 70%, advantageously between 40% and 60%, of the width of the guide shaft in this direction. So just large items to be shredded can be easily absorbed to slide along on the Guide device, while small crushed material may also fall laterally past the guide directly into the cutting gap or between the cutting rollers.
Der Führungsschacht kann eine Länge entsprechend dem Schneidspalt aufweisen und eine Breite im Bereich von 10% bis 30% der Länge. In absoluten Maßen können dies eine Länge von etwa 15 cm bis 50 cm sein und eine Breite von 2 cm bis 15 cm. Ein Durchmesser der Schneidscheiben kann etwa 4 cm bis 8 cm oder sogar 10 cm betragen. Ihre Dicke kann zwischen 1 mm und 10 mm variieren.The guide slot may have a length corresponding to the cutting gap and a width in the range of 10% to 30% of the length. In absolute terms, this can be a length of about 15 cm to 50 cm and a width of 2 cm to 15 cm. A diameter of the cutting discs may be about 4 cm to 8 cm or even 10 cm. Their thickness can vary between 1 mm and 10 mm.
Bei einem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren zum Betrieb einer vorbeschriebenen Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung wird an einem Antriebsmotor für das Zerkleinerungswerk, der vorteilhaft beide Schneidwalzen antreibt, eine Lastmessung im Betrieb vorgenommen, wenn Zerkleinerungsgut eingebracht worden ist. Besonders vorteilhaft erfolgt dies über eine Erfassung des Stroms, den der Antriebsmotor benötigt. So kann abhängig vom Lastzustand des Antriebsmotors erfasst werden, ob das Zerkleinerungswerk Zerkleinerungsgut gegriffen hat. Derartige Verfahren sind dem Fachmann aus dem Stand der Technik bekannt und brauchen hier nicht näher erläutert zu werden. Wird dabei erkannt, dass das Zerkleinerungswerk ein Zerkleinerungsgut gegriffen hat, beispielsweise nachdem es automatisiert durch eine Lichtschranke odgl. in Betrieb gesetzt worden ist, so führt es einen üblichen Zerkleinerungsvorgang durch. Wird über die Lastmessung allerdings erkannt, dass das Zerkleinerungswerk ein zugeführtes Zerkleinerungsgut nicht gegriffen hat, weil die Last am Antriebsmotor nämlich nicht ansteigt, so wird nach einer kurzen Zeit, vorteilhaft zwischen 1 oder 2 und 20 Sekunden, der Antriebsmotor umgedreht, so dass er das Zerkleinerungswerk in der entgegengesetzten Richtung dreht. Die Drehrichtung der Schneidwalzen wird also reversiert im Vergleich zur Arbeitsrichtung. Dies kann wiederum für eine kurze Zeit erfolgen, vorteilhaft zwischen 0,5 Sekunden und 5 bis 10 Sekunden. Dadurch soll die Lage eines Zerkleinerungsguts oder eines zu zerkleinernden Gegenstandes, der wahrscheinlich schon an den Schneidwalzen anliegt oder auf ihnen aufliegt, aber noch nicht von den Zähnen gegriffen worden ist, so verändert werden, dass dies möglich ist. Dann wird der Antriebsmotor wieder gestoppt und das Zerkleinerungswerk wird vom Antriebsmotor wieder in seiner normalen Arbeitsrichtung gedreht. Dabei sollte dann vorteilhaft das Zerkleinerungsgut von den Zähnen bzw. vom Zerkleinerungswerk gegriffen worden sein.In a method according to the invention for operating a previously described comminution device, a load measurement during operation is carried out on a drive motor for the comminution plant, which advantageously drives both cutting rollers, when comminution material has been introduced. This is achieved particularly advantageously by detecting the current that the drive motor requires. Thus, it can be detected depending on the load condition of the drive motor, whether the crushing plant has grinded shredded material. Such methods are known in the art from the prior art and need not be explained in detail here. It is recognized that the crushing plant has gripped a shredded material, for example after it has been automated by a light barrier or the like. has been put into operation, so it performs a conventional crushing operation. However, if it is detected via the load measurement that the comminution plant has not gripped a feed material to be comminuted, because the load on the drive motor does not rise, then after a short time, advantageously between 1 or 2 and 20 seconds, the drive motor is reversed, so that it can Turning crusher in the opposite direction. The direction of rotation of the cutting rollers is thus reversed compared to the working direction. This again can be done for a short time, advantageously between 0.5 second and 5 to 10 seconds. As a result, the location of a crushing material or an object to be crushed, which is likely already applied to the cutting rollers or resting on them, but has not yet been gripped by the teeth to be changed so that this is possible. Then the drive motor is stopped again and the crushing unit is rotated by the drive motor again in its normal working direction. In this case, the comminuted material should then advantageously have been gripped by the teeth or by the comminution unit.
Ist das Zerkleinerungsgut immer noch nicht ausreichend gut gegriffen worden um eingezogen zu werden, so kann dieser Vorgang einmal oder mehrfach wiederholt werden, wodurch jedes Mal die Lage des Zerkleinerungsguts möglichst verändert werden soll. Dieses Wiederholen kann zwischen 2 mal und 10 mal erfolgen. Ist dann über eine Lastmessung immer noch kein Erfassen und Zerkleinern von Zerkleinerungsgut erfasst worden, so kann eine Fehlermeldung oder eine entsprechende alternative Meldung an eine Bedienperson ausgegeben werden. Dann muss diese das Zerkleinerungsgut entnehmen oder auf andere Art und Weise versuchen, es noch zu zerkleinern.If the material to be comminuted has still not been grasped sufficiently well to be retracted, this process can be repeated once or several times, whereby the position of the comminuted material is to be changed as much as possible each time. This repetition can be done between 2 times and 10 times. If, after a load measurement, no detection and comminution of comminution material has still been recorded, then an error message or a corresponding alternative message can be output to an operator. Then it has to remove the shredded material or otherwise try to shred it.
Diese und weitere Merkmale gehen außer aus den Ansprüchen auch aus der Beschreibung und den Zeichnungen hervor, wobei die einzelnen Merkmale jeweils für sich allein oder zu mehreren in Form von Unterkombination bei einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung und auf anderen Gebieten verwirklicht sein und vorteilhafte sowie für sich schutzfähige Ausführungen darstellen können, für die hier Schutz beansprucht wird. Die Unterteilung der Anmeldung in einzelne Abschnitte sowie Zwischen-Überschriften beschränken die unter diesen gemachten Aussagen nicht in ihrer Allgemeingültigkeit.These and other features will become apparent from the claims but also from the description and drawings, wherein the individual features each alone or more in the form of sub-combination in one embodiment of the invention and in other areas be realized and advantageous and protectable Represent embodiments for which protection is claimed here. The subdivision of the application into individual sections as well as intermediate headings does not restrict the general validity of the statements made thereunder.
Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in den Zeichnungen schematisch dargestellt und werden im Folgenden näher erläutert. In den Zeichnungen zeigen:
- Fig.1
- eine seitliche Schnittdarstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung,
- Fig. 2
- eine Vergrößerung eines Zerkleinerungswerks der Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung aus
Fig. 1 , - Fig. 3
- eine vereinfachte Darstellung des Zerkleinerungswerks aus
Fig. 2 mit den Schneidwalzen und Schneidscheiben samt einer gestrichelt dargestellten Mittelebene und - Fig. 4
- eine Schnittdarstellung der Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung aus
Fig. 1 von oben mit Blick in das Zerkleinerungswerk.
- Fig.1
- a side sectional view of a crushing device according to the invention,
- Fig. 2
- an enlargement of a crushing plant of the crushing device
Fig. 1 . - Fig. 3
- a simplified representation of the crushing plant
Fig. 2 with the cutting rollers and cutting discs together with a dashed center plane and - Fig. 4
- a sectional view of the crushing device
Fig. 1 from above with a view into the shredder.
In der
Die Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung 11 weist ein Gehäuse 12 auf mit einer schlitzartigen Zuführöffnung 14 mit den beispielhaften Maßen 4 cm x 16 cm, die lang und breit genug ist für das vorgesehene Zerkleinerungsgut. An die Zuführöffnung 14 auf der Oberseite der Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung 11 schließt sich eine Zuführung 16 mit einer schrägen Zuführbahn 17 an. Diese führt zu einem Führungsschacht 19 bzw. geht in eine seiner Wände 20a und 20b direkt über, nämlich in die linke Wand 20a. Der Führungsschacht 19 verläuft hier senkrecht, dies muss aber nicht so sein. Er weist eine Breite von 16 cm auf wie die Zuführöffnung 14, wobei diese Maße auch gut doppelt so groß sein könnten.The crushing
Unten im Führungsschacht 19 ist unterhalb der Zuführbahn 17 eine Leitvorrichtung 21 angeordnet, die aus der Draufsicht der
Das Zerkleinerungswerk 24 weist eine linke Schneidwalze 28a und eine rechte Schneidwalze 28b auf mit jeweils linken Schneidscheiben 29a und rechten Schneidscheiben 29b. Die Schneidscheiben 29a und 29b weisen jeweils Zähne 30a und 30b sowie an Zahnspitzen vorgesehene Zahnschneiden 31a und 31b auf. Zwischen zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Zähnen derselben Schneidscheibe befinden sich jeweils Vertiefungen 33a und 33b, wie aus der vergrößerten Darstellung der
In der
Nach unten ist das Zerkleinerungswerk 24 offen. In einen darunter vorgesehenen Auffangraum 39 können Auffangbehälter odgl. eingebracht werden, um das zerkleinerte Zerkleinerungsgut aufzufangen und zu sammeln.Down the
In
Im Führungsschacht 19 ist eine voraussichtliche und gewünschte Bahn A dargestellt für großes Zerkleinerungsgut, beispielsweise vorgenannte mobile Endgeräte. Diese Bahn A kommt von oben über die Zuführung 16 bzw. die Zuführbahn 17 und führt über die Leitvorrichtung 21. Durch die Anordnung der Leitvorrichtung 21 an der Wand 20b, die der Zuführbahn 17 gegenüberliegt, wird sichergestellt, dass solches Zerkleinerungsgut davon auch auf der Leitvorrichtung 21 landet. Das Zerkleinerungsgut rutscht dann über das freie Ende 22 der Leitvorrichtung 21 ab in das Zerkleinerungswerk 24 bzw. auf den Schneidspalt 37 zu. Wie aus der
In der
Gemäß der Bahn B können auch größere mobile Endgeräte in der Form von Tablet-Computern zugeführt werden, die also auch an der Leitvorrichtung 21 vorbei ins Zerkleinerungswerk 24 gelangen. Sie werden allerdings nicht über die Zuführöffnung 14 eingebracht. Für sie wird eine bewegbare bzw. verschiebbare Klappe 15, an der links die Zuführöffnung 14 vorgesehen ist, zur Seite geschoben und dann ist der Weg direkt von oben an der Leitvorrichtung 21 vorbei ins Zerkleinerungswerk 24 frei. Für derartige Tablet-Computer ist die Zerkleinerung kein Problem, da sie recht dünn sind und somit in jedem Bereich von den Schneidwalzen sicher gegriffen werden.According to the track B, larger mobile terminals can also be supplied in the form of tablet computers, which thus also pass the
Schließlich ist auch noch eine Bahn B' dargestellt, bei der kleines Zerkleinerungsgut möglicherweise auch auf die Leitvorrichtung 21 fällt, dann aber nicht über das freie Ende 22 davon herabrutscht, sondern seitlich nach außen weg. Auch dies ist durchaus so vorgesehen und akzeptabel.Finally, a web B 'is also shown, in which small comminuted material possibly also falls onto the
Ein vorbeschriebenes Verfahren zum Betrieb der Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung 11 gemäß der Figuren ist leicht anhand der Figuren vorstellbar und braucht nicht noch einmal im Detail wiederholt zu werden. In einer Stromversorgung für den Antriebsmotor 26 befindet sich eine vorgenannte Lastmessung, die vorteilhaft mit einer hier nicht dargestellten Ansteuerung der Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung 11 für den Antriebsmotor 26 verbunden ist. Oben an der Zuführöffnung 14 oder in der Zuführung 16 kann, vorteilhaft über Lichtschranken, Mikroschalter odgl., erkannt werden, wenn Zerkleinerungsgut eingeführt worden ist, alternativ auch an der verschiebbaren Klappe 15. Dann kann der Antriebsmotor 26 gestartet werden und die Schneidwalzen 28a und 28b des Zerkleinerungswerks 24 in Arbeitsrichtung, wie sie in
Claims (14)
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DE102016200756.4A DE102016200756A1 (en) | 2016-01-20 | 2016-01-20 | Crushing apparatus and method for operating such a crusher |
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EP3195934A1 true EP3195934A1 (en) | 2017-07-26 |
EP3195934B1 EP3195934B1 (en) | 2019-01-02 |
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EP17152106.5A Active EP3195934B1 (en) | 2016-01-20 | 2017-01-19 | Grinding device and method for operating the same |
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US (1) | US20170203301A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3195934B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102016200756A1 (en) |
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CN107537652B (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2020-10-27 | 上海震旦办公设备有限公司 | Paper shredder with paper jam clearing function |
CN110976015A (en) * | 2019-12-09 | 2020-04-10 | 九江鸿立食品有限公司 | High-efficient granule breaker |
US11673144B1 (en) * | 2022-06-13 | 2023-06-13 | Samuel Messinger | Embassy portable electronic device shredder |
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US4669673A (en) * | 1984-09-04 | 1987-06-02 | John W. Wagner | Apparatus for cutting disposable containers |
WO1995013139A1 (en) * | 1993-11-12 | 1995-05-18 | Environmental Products Corporation | Container cutting assembly |
US5556039A (en) * | 1994-10-28 | 1996-09-17 | Nissei Plastic Industrial Co., Ltd. | Crushing machine apparatus and a method for cleaning the crushing machine apparatus |
DE19912036A1 (en) | 1999-03-17 | 2000-09-21 | Schleicher & Co Int | Crushing device for data carrier disks and disposal system therefor |
DE10008442A1 (en) | 2000-02-23 | 2001-08-30 | Schleicher & Co Int Ag | Shredding device, in particular for shredding data carriers |
WO2003033153A1 (en) * | 2001-10-11 | 2003-04-24 | Dahle Bürotechnik Gmbh | Cross-cutting document destroyer |
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US3058676A (en) * | 1960-02-23 | 1962-10-16 | Charles E Hermann | Rock crusher |
DE3444709C2 (en) * | 1984-12-07 | 1996-05-30 | Gao Ges Automation Org | Device for destroying banknotes |
JP3226107B2 (en) * | 1991-07-22 | 2001-11-05 | 株式会社栗本鐵工所 | Rotor shear crusher |
US5232168A (en) * | 1992-03-30 | 1993-08-03 | Engineered Systems, Inc. | Apparatus and method for separating recyclable material from waste material |
DE29501067U1 (en) * | 1995-01-24 | 1996-05-23 | Weima Apparatebau GmbH, 74360 Ilsfeld | Shredding machine |
US8616481B2 (en) * | 2008-11-01 | 2013-12-31 | Ronald Dean Carpenter | Material conditioner with replaceable teeth |
-
2016
- 2016-01-20 DE DE102016200756.4A patent/DE102016200756A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2017
- 2017-01-19 EP EP17152106.5A patent/EP3195934B1/en active Active
- 2017-01-23 US US15/413,092 patent/US20170203301A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4669673A (en) * | 1984-09-04 | 1987-06-02 | John W. Wagner | Apparatus for cutting disposable containers |
WO1995013139A1 (en) * | 1993-11-12 | 1995-05-18 | Environmental Products Corporation | Container cutting assembly |
US5556039A (en) * | 1994-10-28 | 1996-09-17 | Nissei Plastic Industrial Co., Ltd. | Crushing machine apparatus and a method for cleaning the crushing machine apparatus |
DE19912036A1 (en) | 1999-03-17 | 2000-09-21 | Schleicher & Co Int | Crushing device for data carrier disks and disposal system therefor |
DE10008442A1 (en) | 2000-02-23 | 2001-08-30 | Schleicher & Co Int Ag | Shredding device, in particular for shredding data carriers |
WO2003033153A1 (en) * | 2001-10-11 | 2003-04-24 | Dahle Bürotechnik Gmbh | Cross-cutting document destroyer |
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US20170203301A1 (en) | 2017-07-20 |
EP3195934B1 (en) | 2019-01-02 |
DE102016200756A1 (en) | 2017-07-20 |
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