EP3192138B1 - Isolant en céramique pour bougie d'allumage, bougie d'allumage et utilisation d'une glaçure sur un isolant de bougie d'allumage - Google Patents

Isolant en céramique pour bougie d'allumage, bougie d'allumage et utilisation d'une glaçure sur un isolant de bougie d'allumage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3192138B1
EP3192138B1 EP15739600.3A EP15739600A EP3192138B1 EP 3192138 B1 EP3192138 B1 EP 3192138B1 EP 15739600 A EP15739600 A EP 15739600A EP 3192138 B1 EP3192138 B1 EP 3192138B1
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Prior art keywords
spark plug
insulator
surface region
plug insulator
length
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3192138A1 (fr
Inventor
Klaus BUNDSCHUH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
    • H01T13/20—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation
    • H01T13/38—Selection of materials for insulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
    • H01T13/02—Details
    • H01T13/08—Mounting, fixing or sealing of sparking plugs, e.g. in combustion chamber
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
    • H01T13/20—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation
    • H01T13/32—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation characterised by features of the earthed electrode

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a ceramic spark plug insulator, a spark plug comprising the same, and a use of a glaze on a spark plug insulator.
  • the wall thicknesses of the ceramic insulator in particular in the foot area of the spark plugs, which determines the geometry of the center electrodes, are also reduced. Particularly in areas on the combustion chamber side, in which the cross section of the insulator is also reduced, this often leads to problems with the electrical strength, since very high field strengths are present here.
  • the service life of such spark plugs, which are reduced in installation space, is therefore short.
  • the ceramic spark plug insulator according to the invention with the features of claim 1, on the other hand, is characterized by a high dielectric strength with a slim geometry. This is achieved by applying a glaze to a throat formed in the isolator, which represents a transition area between an isolator area located in the combustion chamber and an isolator area located outside the combustion chamber.
  • the throat is a section of the spark plug insulator in which the cross section tapers or slows down in the direction of the insulator tip. The throat reflects the reduction in the size of a space-reduced spark plug.
  • the roughness of the first surface area A of the spark plug insulator which has a first length L A in the axial direction XX of the spark plug insulator, is reduced by the glaze application, open pores and depressions, such as those that arise during the grinding process of the insulator, are closed.
  • the length L A is defined as the maximum length in the axial direction XX of the spark plug insulator. This minimizes local increases in the electrical field when the spark plug is in operation.
  • the electrical breakdown only occurs at higher voltages.
  • the dielectric strength of a spark plug with the ceramic insulator according to the invention is thus improved.
  • the glaze can smooth the surface of the insulator, thus reducing the formation of notches in the throat, which optimizes the mechanical load-bearing capacity in this area and increases the strength of the spark plug under operating conditions.
  • the glaze forms a kind of protective layer that increases the strength of the spark plug insulator in areas that are subject to high mechanical stress, such as the throat of the foot. As a result, a cross section of the spark plug insulator in the region of the foot throat and in the insulator regions adjacent to the foot throat can in particular also be reduced.
  • the spark plug insulator preferably comprises an adjacent second surface area B lying from the base of the foot in the direction of the insulator head with a second length L B defined in the axial direction XX of the spark plug insulator and, according to the invention, a length of the combustion chamber on the side of the base of the foot, adjacent third surface area C preferably with a third length L C defined in the axial direction XX of the spark plug insulator.
  • the lengths of the corresponding surface areas are each defined as maximum lengths in the axial direction XX of the spark plug insulator.
  • the second surface area B has a glazed fourth surface area D adjacent to the throat area and one on the fourth surface area D includes an unglazed fifth surface area E adjoining the insulator head.
  • the fourth surface area D extends from the back of the foot up to 4 mm and in particular up to 3 mm, in the direction of the insulator head of the spark plug insulator.
  • the adjacent third surface area C lying on the side of the combustion chamber on the combustion chamber side has a glazed sixth surface area F with a sixth length L F and which is adjacent to the foot area comprises an unglazed seventh surface region G adjoining the sixth surface region F in the direction of an insulator tip, with a seventh length L G , the lengths being defined in each case as maximum lengths in the axial direction XX of the spark plug insulator and the following relation being fulfilled: L F ⁇ L G .
  • the glazed sixth surface area F advantageously extends further from the foot groove on the combustion chamber side up to a maximum of 2 mm in front of the insulator foot tip on the combustion chamber side.
  • the sixth length L F of the sixth surface area F fulfills the following relation: 4 mm L L F L (L A + L E + L F ) / 2, the lengths being defined as maximum lengths in the axial direction XX of the spark plug insulator .
  • shunts (sliding sparks) on the throat can be avoided better.
  • the installation area adjoins the foot groove on the insulator head side and thus has the second surface area B.
  • the installation area includes a collar groove and a collar height adjoining the collar groove in the direction of the insulator head.
  • a collar throat is understood to mean an area of the spark plug insulator which decreases in cross section in the direction of the insulator foot.
  • a collar height is the area of the spark plug insulator, which usually comprises a hexagon, which makes it easier to install the spark plug in an engine block. The collar height thus represents a section which is widened in cross section compared to the other, surrounding sections of the spark plug insulator.
  • an eighth surface region H of the collar throat directed towards the outside of the spark plug insulator also has a glaze.
  • a surface area of the collar groove facing the outside of the spark plug insulator i.e. the eighth surface area H
  • a glaze with an eighth length L H but also a glazing adjoining the collar groove and thus to the collar groove Direction of the insulator head adjacent, ninth surface area I of the collar height.
  • the ninth surface area I of the collar height is thus glazed over a ninth length L I.
  • a tenth surface area J with a tenth length L J adjoins the ninth surface area I in the direction of the insulator head.
  • the tenth surface area J has no glaze provided according to the invention and the following relation is fulfilled: 0 ⁇ L I. ⁇ L J + L I. / 2nd
  • the layer thickness of the glaze is on average 5 to 40 ⁇ m and in particular 7 to 25 ⁇ m.
  • a spark plug for an internal combustion engine which comprises a metallic housing, a center electrode, at least one ground electrode, which is arranged on the housing, and a ceramic spark plug insulator as described above, in order to separate the center electrode from the ground electrode.
  • the spark plug according to the invention is characterized by a space-saving design due to the glaze partially applied to the outside of the spark plug insulator, which is characterized by high resistance to impact and good mechanical strength. The electrical strength as well as the mechanical strength of the spark plug, and thus its service life, are high.
  • the glaze is also advantageously designed such that an inner seal, usually a sealing ring, for gas-tight sealing of the combustion chamber between the ground electrode and the center electrode can be dispensed with.
  • the glaze can also cover all surface areas of the spark plug insulator.
  • a glaze on areas of a spark plug insulator according to the invention which reduce in cross-section, in a region of a throat, a transition area between the insulator area located in the combustion chamber and the insulator area outside the combustion chamber, for increasing the dielectric strength of a spark plug is also described.
  • the spark plug 100 comprises a ground electrode 13, a center electrode 8 and a ceramic spark plug insulator 10.
  • a metallic housing 7 surrounds the spark plug insulator 10 at least partially.
  • a thread 15 is arranged on the housing 7 and is designed for fastening the spark plug 100 in a cylinder head 14.
  • a sealing ring 11 seals off the combustion chamber of the spark plug 100 in a gas-tight manner.
  • FIG. 10 is a partial sectional view of the spark plug 100 of FIG Figure 1 and illustrates in particular the area of the spark plug insulator 10.
  • the spark plug insulator 10 has an insulator head 1 oriented in the direction of an electrical connection area 5 and an insulator foot 2 on the combustion chamber side.
  • An installation area 3 is arranged between the insulator head 1 and the insulator foot 2, which includes a cross-sectional reduction, a so-called collar groove 9a and a collar height 9b.
  • the insulator foot 2 there is also an area in which the cross section is reduced, a so-called foot groove 4, a transition area between the insulator foot 2 located in the combustion chamber and that outside the combustion chamber lying insulator area.
  • the combustion chamber can be sealed gas-tight from the area outside the combustion chamber by a sealing ring 11.
  • the throat 4 has a first surface area A directed towards the outside of the spark plug insulator 10 with a first length L A defined in the axial direction XX of the spark plug insulator and has a glaze 12 and is therefore glazed.
  • the installation area 3 located from the foot groove 4 in the direction of the insulator head 1, the spark plug insulator 10 has a second surface area B directed towards the outside of the spark plug insulator 10.
  • the insulator foot 2 In an adjacent section of the spark plug insulator 10 located on the side of the combustion chamber 4 on the combustion chamber side, the insulator foot 2 has a third surface area C directed towards the outside of the spark plug insulator 10. The surface area C is unglazed.
  • the collar groove 9a has a glaze 12 on an eighth surface area H facing the outside of the spark plug insulator 10 with an eighth length L H.
  • Figure 3 is a detailed view of a section of the transition area between the insulator base 2 located in the combustion chamber and the area of the spark plug insulator 10 of the spark plug 100 lying outside the combustion chamber Figures 1 and 2nd .
  • the surface area of the throat 4 coincides with the first surface area A, that is to say that a glaze 12 is provided only in an area of the throat 4 that reduces in cross section, and here in its entire first surface area A.
  • the cross section in the adjacent unglazed areas of the throat 4 is essentially constant.
  • the glaze 12 advantageously has an average layer thickness of 5 to 40 ⁇ m, in particular 7 to 25 ⁇ m.
  • the glaze 12 significantly increases the bending strength of the ceramic insulator.
  • the spark plug 100 according to the invention it is over 850 N, while corresponding unglazed spark plugs only have bending strengths of about 660 N.
  • the dielectric strengths of the spark plug 100 according to the invention are also significantly increased and amount to at least approximately 42 kV, while comparable conventional spark plugs have dielectric strengths of only approximately 35 kV.
  • the first surface area A has a first length L A
  • the second surface area B has a second length L B
  • the third surface area C has a third length L C.
  • the respective lengths are maximum lengths and are defined in the axial direction XX of the spark plug insulator.
  • a total length of the insulator foot 2 in the axial direction XX of the spark plug insulator 10 thus results from: L A + L C.
  • Figure 4 is a detailed view of a section of the transition area between the insulator base 2 located in the combustion chamber and the area of the spark plug insulator 10 of a second spark plug 100 according to the invention lying outside the combustion chamber.
  • the second surface area B comprises a fourth surface area D adjacent to the foot groove 4 and a fifth surface area E adjoining the fourth surface area D in the direction of the insulator head 1.
  • the fourth surface area D like the first surface area A, has a glaze 12 .
  • the glazed surface area is thus expanded starting from the foot groove 4 in the direction of the insulator head 1, specifically the glazed fourth surface area D extends from the foot groove 4 up to 4 mm, in particular up to 3 mm, in the direction of the insulator head 1.
  • the third surface area C comprises a glazed sixth surface area F adjacent to the foot groove 4 and an unglazed seventh surface area G adjoining the sixth surface area F in the direction of the insulator tip 6, so that the glaze also extends from the foot groove 4 in the direction of the combustion chamber side lying insulator tip 6 extends.
  • the glazed sixth surface area F extends from the foot groove 4 on the combustion chamber side up to a maximum of 2 mm in front of the insulator foot tip 6 on the combustion chamber side, which prevents notching due to mechanical stress.
  • the glazed sixth surface area F advantageously has a sixth length L F and the following relation is fulfilled: 4 mm L L F ((L A + L F + L G ) / 2, the lengths being defined in each case as maximum lengths in the axial direction XX of the spark plug insulator are.
  • the surface area A ' represents a glaze-covered total surface area.
  • the glazed total surface area A' comprises the surface area of the foot groove A and here extends in the direction of the insulator head 1 beyond the first surface area A of the foot groove 4 to the fourth surface area D and on the combustion chamber side to the sixth Surface area F. This contributes to the cross-load capability of the spark plug insulator 10.
  • the first surface area A has a first length L A
  • the second surface area B has a second length L B
  • the third surface area C has a third length L C
  • the fourth surface area D has a fourth length L D
  • the fifth surface area E has a fifth length L E
  • the sixth surface area F a sixth length L F
  • the seventh surface area G a seventh length L G.
  • the total length of the insulator base 2 also results from: L A + L F + L G.
  • the respective lengths are maximum lengths and are defined in the axial direction XX of the spark plug insulator 10.
  • the sixth glazed surface area F has a length L F and the unglazed seventh surface area G directed towards the insulator tip 6 has a length L G and the following relation is fulfilled: L F L L G.
  • the spark plugs 100 are characterized by a high dielectric strength and very good mechanical strength in a space-saving design.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Spark Plugs (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Isolateur de bougie d'allumage en céramique, comprenant une tête d'isolateur (1) orientée en direction d'une zone de raccordement électrique (5) et un pied d'isolateur (2) côté chambre de combustion, l'isolateur de bougie d'allumage, dans une zone de transition entre le pied d'isolateur (2) pouvant être disposé côté chambre de combustion et une zone d'isolateur pouvant être disposée en-dehors de la chambre de combustion, comportant une gorge de pied (4) qui possède un émail (12) sur une première zone de surface (A), orientée vers le côté extérieur de l'isolateur de bougie d'allumage (10) et ayant une première longueur LA définie dans une direction axiale (X-X) de l'isolateur de bougie d'allumage, l'isolateur de bougie d'allumage possédant une troisième zone de surface (C) voisine de la gorge de pied (4) et se trouvant du côté chambre de combustion, caractérisé en ce que la troisième zone de surface (C) comporte une sixième zone de surface (F) émaillée située voisine de la gorge de pied (4) et ayant une sixième longueur LF, et une septième zone de surface (G) non émaillée qui se rattache à la sixième zone de surface (F) dans la direction d'une pointe d'isolateur (6) et ayant une septième longueur LG, les longueurs étant respectivement définies en tant que longueurs maximales dans la direction axiale (X-X) de l'isolateur de bougie d'allumage (10) et la relation suivante étant vérifiée : LF ≥ LG.
  2. Isolateur de bougie d'allumage en céramique selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'isolateur de bougie d'allumage possède une deuxième zone de surface (B), ayant une deuxième longueur LB, voisine de la gorge de pied (4) et située en direction de la tête d'isolateur (1) et la troisième zone de surface (C) voisine de la gorge de pied (4) se trouvant du côté chambre de combustion possède une troisième longueur LC, les longueurs étant respectivement définies en tant que longueurs maximales dans la direction axiale (X-X) de l'isolateur de bougie d'allumage (10) et au moins l'une des relations suivantes étant vérifiée : L A = L B
    Figure imgb0012
     et/ou L B = L C / 2
    Figure imgb0013
     et/ou L B = L C / 2 .
    Figure imgb0014
  3. Isolateur de bougie d'allumage en céramique selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la deuxième zone de surface (B) comporte une quatrième zone de surface (D) émaillée située voisine de la gorge de pied (4) et une cinquième zone de surface (E) non émaillée qui se rattache à la quatrième zone de surface (D) en direction de la tête d'isolateur (1), la quatrième zone de surface (D) s'étendant depuis la gorge de pied (4) jusqu'à 4 mm, notamment jusqu'à 3 mm en direction de la tête d'isolateur (1).
  4. Isolateur de bougie d'allumage en céramique selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la sixième zone de surface (F) émaillée s'étend depuis la gorge de pied (4) côté chambre de combustion au maximum jusqu'à 2 mm devant la pointe du pied d'isolateur (6) côté chambre de combustion et/ou en ce que la sixième longueur (LF) de la sixième zone de surface (F) satisfait la relation suivante : 4 mm ≤ L F ≤ L A + L F + L G / 2 ,
    Figure imgb0015
     les longueurs étant respectivement définies en tant que longueurs maximales dans la direction axiale (X-X) de l'isolateur de bougie d'allumage (10).
  5. Isolateur de bougie d'allumage en céramique selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la tête d'isolateur (1) et le pied d'isolateur (2) sont reliés l'un à l'autre par une zone de montage (3), laquelle présente la deuxième zone de surface (B), et la zone de montage (3) comporte une gorge à collet (9a) et une hauteur de collet (9b) qui se rattache à la gorge à collet (9a) en direction de la tête d'isolateur (1), la gorge à collet (9a) possédant un émail (12) sur une huitième zone de surface (H) ayant une huitième longueur (LH) orientée vers le côté extérieur de l'isolateur de bougie d'allumage (10) et/ou
    la huitième zone de surface (H) possédant un émail (12) et la hauteur de collet (9b) comportant une neuvième zone de surface (I) émaillée voisine de la gorge à collet (9a) et ayant une neuvième longueur (LI) et une dixième zone de surface (J) qui se rattache à la neuvième zone de surface (I) en direction de la tête d'isolateur (1), laquelle ne possède pas d'émail selon l'invention, et ayant une dixième longueur (LJ), et la relation suivante étant vérifiée : 0 < L I ≤ L J + L I / 2 .
    Figure imgb0016
  6. Isolateur de bougie d'allumage en céramique selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'émail (12) possède la composition suivante :
    SiO2 : 37,0 à 46,0 % massiques, de préférence 37,0 à 44,0 % massiques,
    B2O3 : 12,0 à 28,0 % massiques, de préférence 17,5 à 23,0 % massiques,
    Al2O3 : 4,0 à 21,0 % massiques, de préférence 8,5 à 16,0 % massiques,
    ZnO : 6,0 à 11,4 % massiques, de préférence 7,8 à 11,4 % massiques,
    F : 0,6 à 4 % massiques, de préférence 0,6 à 3,0 % massiques,
    Li2O : 1,5 à 4 % massiques, de préférence 1,9 à 3,5 % massiques,
    Na2O : 0,1 à 2,5 % massiques, de préférence 0,1 à 2,0 % massiques,
    K2) : 0,5 à 4,5 % massiques, de préférence 3,0 à 4,5 % massiques,
    CaO : 1,8 à 6 % massiques, de préférence 2,1 à 4,2 % massiques,
    SrO : 0,1 à 3,6 % massiques, de préférence 0,1 à 1,2 % massique et
    BaO : 0,8 à 6,8 % massiques, de préférence 4,5 à 6,5 % massiques,
    respectivement rapportés au poids total de l'émail (12).
  7. Isolateur de bougie d'allumage en céramique selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'émail (12) possède une épaisseur de couche de 5 à 40 µm, notamment de 7 à 25 µm.
  8. Bougie d'allumage pour un moteur à combustion interne, comprenant
    - un boîtier métallique (7)
    - une électrode centrale (8),
    - au moins une électrode de masse, qui est disposée sur le boîtier (7), et
    - un isolateur de bougie d'allumage en céramique (10) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, pour séparer l'électrode centrale (8) de l'électrode de masse.
  9. Utilisation d'un émail (12) sur des zones dont la section transversale se réduit d'un isolateur de bougie d'allumage (10) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7.
EP15739600.3A 2014-09-10 2015-07-22 Isolant en céramique pour bougie d'allumage, bougie d'allumage et utilisation d'une glaçure sur un isolant de bougie d'allumage Active EP3192138B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102014218062.7A DE102014218062A1 (de) 2014-09-10 2014-09-10 Keramischer Zündkerzenisolator, Zündkerze und Verwendung einer Glasur auf einem Zündkerzenisolator
PCT/EP2015/066741 WO2016037751A1 (fr) 2014-09-10 2015-07-22 Isolant en céramique pour bougie d'allumage, bougie d'allumage et utilisation d'une glaçure sur un isolant de bougie d'allumage

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Publication Number Publication Date
EP3192138A1 EP3192138A1 (fr) 2017-07-19
EP3192138B1 true EP3192138B1 (fr) 2020-04-08

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US (1) US10038309B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP3192138B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP6415700B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN106605341B (fr)
DE (1) DE102014218062A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2016037751A1 (fr)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP6559740B2 (ja) * 2017-07-13 2019-08-14 日本特殊陶業株式会社 スパークプラグ
DE102018215204A1 (de) * 2018-09-07 2020-03-12 Robert Bosch Gmbh Zündkerze für ein Kraftfahrzeug und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Zündkerze
CN111525395B (zh) * 2019-02-03 2022-11-15 罗伯特·博世有限公司 用于火花塞的绝缘器和火花塞
CN112608028A (zh) * 2020-12-31 2021-04-06 江苏南瓷绝缘子股份有限公司 一种高强度悬式绝缘子头部釉及其制备方法

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JPS59130079A (ja) 1983-01-14 1984-07-26 日本特殊陶業株式会社 スパ−クプラグ
JPH0650663B2 (ja) 1989-03-28 1994-06-29 日本特殊陶業株式会社 内燃機関用スパークプラグ
JPH10115424A (ja) * 1996-01-31 1998-05-06 Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd スパークプラグ
US5985473A (en) * 1997-11-17 1999-11-16 Cooper Automotive Products, Inc. Low-temperature barium/lead-free glaze for alumina ceramics
JP4474724B2 (ja) * 1999-05-24 2010-06-09 株式会社デンソー 無鉛釉薬及びスパークプラグ
JP3510172B2 (ja) 2000-02-29 2004-03-22 日本特殊陶業株式会社 スパークプラグ
CA2339390A1 (fr) * 2000-02-29 2001-08-29 Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. Bougie d'allumage
JP3511602B2 (ja) * 2000-09-29 2004-03-29 日本特殊陶業株式会社 スパークプラグ
DE10229338B4 (de) * 2002-06-29 2014-04-03 Robert Bosch Gmbh Zündkerze und Zündkerzenisolator
FR2894082B1 (fr) * 2005-08-19 2015-07-03 Ngk Spark Plug Co Bougie d'allumage
EP1976079B1 (fr) * 2007-03-30 2014-03-05 NGK Spark Plug Co., Ltd. Bougie d'allumage pour moteur à combustion interne
JP4473316B2 (ja) 2007-03-30 2010-06-02 日本特殊陶業株式会社 内燃機関用スパークプラグ

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DE102014218062A1 (de) 2016-03-10
US10038309B2 (en) 2018-07-31
CN106605341B (zh) 2019-04-02
US20170256918A1 (en) 2017-09-07
JP2017530519A (ja) 2017-10-12
CN106605341A (zh) 2017-04-26
WO2016037751A1 (fr) 2016-03-17
EP3192138A1 (fr) 2017-07-19
JP6415700B2 (ja) 2018-10-31

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