EP3186452A1

EP3186452A1 - Method for construction of a building that is economical, environmentally friendly and preserves the social ecosystem

Info

Publication number: EP3186452A1
Application number: EP15759389.8A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Raphaël PETIT
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2014-08-25
Filing date: 2015-08-13
Publication date: 2017-07-05
Also published as: FR3024988B1; WO2016030201A1; FR3024988A1

Abstract

The present invention relates to a building (1000) made from elementary construction units (1300) and a bearing structure which can be in the form of construction elements, characterised in that: the bearing structure is a hybrid structure made up of a metal portion and a wooden portion; the hybrid structure includes two metal frames (1100, 1200), one at the bottom (1100) and the other at the top (1200); said elementary construction units (1300) are self-supporting panels that include a wooden outer structure (1301) and contain at least one natural insulating material (1303). Said self-supporting panels (1300) are located between the lower frame (1100) and the upper frame (1200) so as to insulate at least some of said metal columns (1330) from the outside.

Description

Method of building an economic building, ecological and preserving the social ecosystem

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to the field of building, and more specifically the construction of ecological and economic buildings. STATE OF THE ART

Building construction has always been at the heart of human concerns. Being able to shelter from irregular weather conditions is a priority. Throughout history, many ways of construction have been developed and used through different materials like stone, wood, brick, metal, etc.

Today, with global awareness of the ecological impact of human activities and with numerous economic crises in various parts of the world, nature-friendly and low-cost construction methods are re-emerging.

Thus techniques dating back over a hundred years and patented, such as documents US225065 of 1880 and US312375 of 1885, are again used as bases for new constructions. Thus the GREB technique, or its custom house construction variants, include the realization of a double wooden frame of the house as shown in the patent FR2988745. Following these techniques, the walls are then made from straw.

These wooden constructions generally have a limited mechanical strength.

It is for issues of mobility, modularity and mechanical strength that some metal containers are now transformed and used as dwellings. However it turns out that this type of metal structure has very low performance in terms of thermal insulation.

The present invention proposes to solve all or in part these various disadvantages mentioned above.

In particular, it aims to propose a solution for obtaining a building with improved insulation and / or holding compared to existing solutions.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

According to one aspect, the invention relates to a building comprising elementary building units, at least one carrying structure that can be in construction elements, characterized in that:

The supporting structure is a hybrid structure comprising and preferably composed of a metal part and a wooden part;

The hybrid structure comprises at least two metal frames, one lower and the other upper, extending in two horizontal planes;

At least one of the two frames has an internal frame and an outer frame;

The periphery of said inner armature is inscribed in the periphery of said outer armature;

The supporting structure comprises metal columns extending from one frame to the other so as to secure the two frames together; At least some of the metal columns, preferably all the metal columns, are positioned at least inside the outer frame of the at least one frame;

The supporting structure comprises wooden beams extending in the horizontal plane of at least one frame and being supported by at least a part of the at least one frame;

The said elementary building units are self-supporting panels comprising an external structure made of wood and containing at least one natural thermal insulation;

- Said self-supporting panels are located between the lower frame and the upper frame so as to thermally isolate at least some, and preferably all the metal columns from the outside;

Said self-supporting panels are held by at least one, and preferably by the two frames.

The building has a particularly strong cohesion and mechanical strength, due in particular to the combination of metal and wooden elements and the presence of frames that hold the self-supporting panels. In addition, the presence of panels with a natural insulator and covering at least the metal columns from outside makes the structure particularly thermally insulating.

Advantageously, metal beams can be used in place of all or some wooden beams.

Optionally and advantageously, all the elements included in the present invention are manually manipulable, and thus form construction elements allowing assembly on the site of use and a very high modularity.

Advantageously, this building includes recyclable materials, inexpensive. In addition a large part of these materials are recoverable on the place of construction. This building has a very good mobility. Indeed the building is transportable as a whole even once built. A crane or simply a lifting system can move the building which is then transportable by any means.

The present building presents a very strong modularity. Indeed, all the dimensions of the building are multiples between them in order to allow any combination between each element. Advantageously, the present invention respects the rules of the circular economy concerning natural and social resources.

Advantageously, the present invention allows a housing construction in disaster areas for example with very few means, the construction being manual and part of the materials from the construction area.

According to one aspect, the present invention relates to a self-supporting panel manufacturing method consisting of a wood frame and at least one natural insulator, comprising the following steps:

Compression of at least one natural insulator;

Insertion of the at least one compressed natural insulation into the wooden frame;

Repetition of the two previous steps until complete filling of the wooden frame;

Coating of the two main faces with mud;

These self-supporting panels provide very good thermal insulation of the building while being cheap and easy to manufacture. The materials being wood, natural insulators and cob, the manufacture of these self-supporting panels is advantageously achievable on the construction site of the building from the local natural resources.

Preferably, the filling of the wooden frame is carried out so that the natural insulation overflows at least two centimeters (10 ^"2 meters) out of the wooden frame and on at least two sides of the wooden frame. Thus the overflow forms an insulating seal which reduces or prevents infiltration when the panel is attached to another panel or to another element of the building. According to one aspect, the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a building comprising self-supporting panels, a hybrid structure of metal and wood, at least two metal frames each comprising an internal frame and an outer frame, the periphery of the internal frame being circumscribed in the periphery of the outer frame, at least several metal columns extending from one frame to another so as to secure the two frames together and positioned at least inside the frame external. The method comprises a step of externally insulating at least one metal column with at least one self-supporting panel. In this step, at least one self-supporting panel is positioned relative to the metal column so as to at least partially cover the metal column.

According to one aspect, the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a building comprising a hybrid structure of metal and wood supported by metal pillars, at least two metal frames of which at least one comprises an internal frame and an external frame, the around the inner frame being circumscribed in the periphery of the outer frame, at least several metal columns extending from one frame to the other so as to secure the two frames together and positioned at least inside of the outer armature, comprising the following steps:

- Installation of building metal pillars at ground level;

Mounting a first frame, the lower frame;

Fixing the metal columns at the inner frame of the lower frame;

- Installation of the second frame above the first frame so that the metal columns can be fixed at the inside of the periphery of the outer frame of the upper frame;

Installation of wooden beams between metal beams at the lower frame and the upper frame; Vertical installation of the self-supporting panels on the lower frame so as to partially isolate at least some metal parts of the hybrid structure; This building construction process is easily achievable with very few tools. The metallic elements are delivered in spare parts or not according to the circumstances. The other elements are recovered at the place of construction. This method can be used for constructions in all types of places. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

The objects, objects, as well as the features and advantages of the invention will become more apparent from the detailed description of an embodiment thereof which is illustrated by the following accompanying drawings in which:

FIGURE 1 illustrates the metal portion of the hybrid structure according to one embodiment of the present invention;

FIGS. 2a and 2b illustrate a construction unit, called self-supporting panel, composed of a wooden frame filled with vegetable straw according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIGURE 3 illustrates the structural modularity of the metal portion of the hybrid structure according to one embodiment of the present invention;

FIGURE 4 illustrates the structural modularity of the hybrid structure with the wooden beams positioned according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIGURE 5 illustrates a dwelling according to the present invention; The drawings are given by way of examples and are not limiting of the invention.

They constitute schematic representations of principle intended to facilitate the understanding of the invention and are not necessarily at the scale of practical applications.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Before going into the details of preferred embodiments, particularly with reference to the figures, various options are given below, which may preferably but not exclusively be limited to the invention, these options being able to be implemented, either alone or in any other way. combination between them: Advantageously, the material constituting the metal part of the hybrid structure is taken from the following metals and alloys: steel, iron, aluminum, titanium and / or any type of material comprising a metal element. This vast choice of metallic materials allows an adjustment of the mechanical properties of the building while minimizing the flow of raw material, preferably, will be preferred the materials that can be recycled.

Advantageously, the hybrid structure has a parallelepipedal shape. This shape allows better mobility and a gain in space for the storage of these buildings.

Advantageously, the wood forming part of the hybrid structure is taken from the following woods: oak, bread, fir, beech and / or any type of material comprising wood and / or any type of wood suitable for the present invention, this allows to exploit the local resources necessary for the construction of the building.

Advantageously, the natural insulating components of the self-supporting panels comprise at least one of the following natural elements: straw of any type of plant, stone, sand and / or any type of natural element that may have a thermal insulation effect. This vast diversity of thermal insulation allows to exploit the local resources necessary for the construction of the building.

Advantageously, the straw comprises at least one of the following plant elements: wheat, barley, rice, oats, lavender, rye, hemp, reed and / or any type of plant. This vast diversity of straw allows once again to exploit locally the local resources necessary for the construction of the building.

Advantageously, the straw bales are compressed. This reduces the flammability of straw bales by reducing the volume of air contained in each bale of straw.

Advantageously, the density expressed in kg / m 3 of bales of straw for the manufacture of self-supporting panels is preferably between 80 and 140, advantageously between 90 and 130 and preferably equal to 120. This density is directly related to the compression ratio. bales of straw and these values allow a compression ratio allowing a decrease in the flammability of straw bales. Advantageously, the external structure of the self-supporting panels comprises a number of levels preferably comprised between 2 and 10, advantageously between 4 and 8 and preferably equal to 6. These levels allow better compression of the straw bales.

· Advantageously, the straw bales are compressed during the manufacture of the self-supporting panels. This makes it possible to have a more effective thermal insulation.

Advantageously, the maximum number of bales of straw per level of the external structure of the self-supporting panels is preferably between 1 and 6 advantageously between 1 and 4 and preferably equal to 3.

Advantageously, the dimensions of the hybrid structure are multiples of 3 meters. This allows a very great modularity of structures and thus a greater diversity of buildings that can be built as well.

Advantageously, the dimensions (expressed in meters) of the hybrid structure are preferably between 2.5 and 4 for the height, between

1 and 12 for the width and between 1 and 12 for the length, advantageously between 2.8 and 3.2 for the height, between 2 and 4 for the width and between 3 and 8 for the length and preferably equal to 3 for the height, 3 for the width and 6 for the length.

Advantageously, the dimensions (expressed in meters) of the self-supporting panels are preferably between 0.35 and 4.5 for the height, between 0.05 and 0.9 for the width and between 0.35 and 6 for the length, advantageously between 1 and 3 for the height, between 0.50 and 0.70 for the width and between 0.80 and 1.10 for the length and preferably equal to 3 for the height, 0.45 for the width and 0 , 95 for the length.

Advantageously, the outer frame and the internal frame of the frame of the hybrid structure are secured to one another by thermal insulating elements. This reduces the impact of thermal bridges on the thermal insulation of the building.

Advantageously, at least some connections between the various elements of the hybrid structure are made by thermal insulating elements. This reduces the impact of thermal bridges on the thermal insulation of the building. Advantageously, at least some bonds between the various elements of the hybrid structure are made by metal elements. This strengthens the strength of the structure.

Advantageously, the hybrid structure rests on metal feet. This allows the building to be raised.

Advantageously, the hybrid structure rests on metal feet integral with a foundation. This helps raise the building and enhance its stability.

Advantageously, the hybrid structure rests on metal feet integral with a foundation consisting of metal pillars driven into the ground. This helps raise the building and enhance its stability.

Advantageously, the hybrid structure rests on metal feet integral with a foundation consisting of metal pillars concreted in the ground. This helps raise the building and enhance its stability.

Advantageously, the hybrid structure is based on metal feet integral with a foundation consisting of metal pillars integral with a concrete slab. This helps raise the building and enhance its stability.

• Advantageously, the construction of the building can be done manually.

This makes it possible to build this type of building at low cost, with little equipment and in places that can be difficult to access.

Advantageously, the roof comprises several coatings. This allows better thermal insulation and rain.

Advantageously, the roof comprises a waterproof coating. This makes the roof waterproof.

Advantageously, the roof comprises a vegetable coating. This allows a protection of the waterproofness of the roof, a decrease of the annual thermal variations inside the building and a management of the rains water.

Advantageously, the roof comprises a mineral coating. This allows efficient drainage of rainwater.

· Advantageously, the roof has a horizontal inclination (expressed in degrees) of between 1 and 60, preferably between 10 and 45 and preferably between 3 and 5. This allows an effective evacuation of rainwater. Advantageously, the construction can be carried out on several levels. This increases the living space in one direction may be more advantageous than another.

Advantageously, the hybrid double structures can combine in the three directions of space. This allows a very great modularity of this type of building.

Advantageously, the outer face of at least one self-supporting panel is outside the internal frame. This ensures better insulation of some metal parts.

Advantageously, the outer face of at least one self-supporting panel is outside the outer frame. This ensures better insulation of some metal parts.

Advantageously, the outer face of at least one self-supporting panel is in the plane of the outer frame. This ensures better insulation of some metal parts.

Advantageously, the lower frame and the upper frame are symmetrical with respect to each other. This allows a greater modularity of the building elements.

Advantageously, the inner and outer frames of the at least one frame define a holding surface for the self-supporting panels. This makes it possible to have a support for the manual positioning of the self-supporting panels.

Advantageously, the lower frame supports at least a portion of the weight of the self-supporting panels. This makes it possible to have a support for the manual positioning of the self-supporting panels.

Advantageously, the at least one natural insulation of the self-supporting panels is contained in the wooden structure in a compressed manner and protrudes from the wooden structure. This allows the formation of a natural seal between two adjacent free-standing panels. This natural seal blocks air infiltration and thus reinforces the thermal insulation of the building.

Advantageously, the self-supporting panels are manually manipulable. This allows handling requiring less logistics. Advantageously, metal beams extend in the horizontal plane of at least one frame and are supported by at least a portion of the at least one frame. This reinforces the supporting structure. Advantageously, the at least one natural insulation overflows from the wooden structure of the self-supporting panels on at least two sides which are intended to be affixed, for example joined, to one side of at least one adjacent self-supporting panel. This allows for better insulation between two adjacent self-supporting panels. In particular, the air or wind that could infiltrate the joint of the two adjacent panels is blocked by the overflow formed by the straw.

Advantageously, the at least one natural insulator overflows the wooden structure (1301) over a distance of at least 2 cm and preferably at least 3 cm, and preferably at least 4 cm

Advantageously, the at least one natural insulation is flush with the outer edges of the wooden frame.

Advantageously, the overflows of the at least one natural insulator of the wooden structures of two adjacent self-supporting panels overlap for a distance of at least 5 mm.

Advantageously, the overflows of the at least one natural insulation of the wooden structures of two adjacent self-supporting panels are in contact and in compression with each other.

Advantageously, the waterproof coating comprises mud.

· Advantageously, the waterproof coating is applied to at least the outer face of the self-supporting panels to protect them from the weather.

Advantageously, the self-supporting panels are arranged relative to each other in order to cause overlap of the natural insulation overflows between two adjacent self-supporting panels and compression of the natural insulation overflows between the two adjacent self-supporting panels.

• Self-supporting panels are considered to be rigid enough to hold their outfit due to their weight. Figure 1 illustrates the metal part of the hybrid structure, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

According to a preferred but non-limiting embodiment, the metal structure is of parallelepipedal shape. The height of this structure is between 2.5 m and 4 m, preferably between 2.80 m and 3.20 m and advantageously equal to 3. The width of this structure is between 1 m and 12 m, preferably between 2 m and 4 m and advantageously equal to 3. The length of this structure is between 1 m and 12 m, preferably between 3 m and 8 m and preferably equal to 6 m.

According to one embodiment, the dimensions of this structure are multiples of 3 meters. For example, the height can be 3 meters, the width 3 meters and the length 6 meters. This size configuration then allows a very high modularity in building construction bringing together several double hybrid structures.

This structure can be composed of one or more types of metals. Metals can be taken from: steel, aluminum, copper, titanium, etc. Preferably, this structure is made of steel.

All elements of this structure are screwed together. This embodiment ensures ease of assembly of the structure without the need for special equipment such as welding stations, cranes or other bulky construction equipment for difficult to access construction sites for example.

According to one embodiment, at least some of the elements of this structure can be welded and / or screwed.

According to one embodiment, this metal structure comprises a frame (1 100, 1200). This frame (1 100, 1200) is composed of an internal frame (1 102, 1202) and an outer frame (1 101, 1201). These two frames are held together by metal elements (1 103, 1203). Each component of the frame (1,100, 1200) is interchangeable.

According to one embodiment, the periphery of the inner armature (1 102, 1202) is inscribed, preferably entirely, in the periphery of the outer armature (1 101, 1201).

According to one embodiment, the outer armature (1 101, 1201) forms a first rectangle, and the inner armature (1 102, 1202) forms a second rectangle.

According to one embodiment, the second rectangle is inscribed in the first rectangle.

According to one embodiment, the first and second rectangles are included in the same plane, advantageously this plane is horizontal.

According to one embodiment, the distance separating the first (expressed in meters) and the second rectangle is between 0 and 0.35, advantageously between 0.08 and 0.25 and preferably equal to 0.17. According to one embodiment, this distance has the advantage of representing a volume of air serving as thermal insulation between the first and second rectangle so as to improve the thermal insulation. The number of metal beams 1 1 10 at the internal frame 1 101 of the frame 1 100 is between 1 and 6, preferably between 2 and 4 and preferably 2.

The number of metal beams 1210 at the internal frame 1201 of the frame 1200 is between 1 and 6, preferably between 2 and 4 and advantageously equal to 2.

The distance separating two metal beams 1 1 10 at the internal frame 1 101 of the frame 1 100 is between 1 m and 3 m, preferably between 1, 20 m and 2 m and preferably equal to 1.50 m.

The distance separating two metal beams 1210 at the internal reinforcement 1201 of the frame 1200 is between 1 m and 3 m, preferably between 1.20 m and 2 m and advantageously equal to 1.50 m.

According to one embodiment, and to ensure a very good modularity of the present invention, each element of the outer armature (1001, 1201) comprises a series of ears (1 120, 1220) on each of its sides. These ears (1 120, 1220) allow the connection of a second hybrid structure. Because of the multiple dimensions of 3 meters and these ears (1,120,1220), it is possible to design complex structures with spatial extensions in all directions of space.

Similarly, the inner armature (1 102, 1202) comprises a series of symmetrical lugs ears (1 120, 1220) for fixing wooden beams (1 130, 1230).

This hybrid structure is based on metal pillars 1510 extending metal columns 1330 connecting the bottom frame 1 100 to the upper frame 1200.

According to one embodiment, the number of pillars is between 4 and 8, advantageously between 4 and 8, and preferably equal to 6.

Finally each frame (1 100, 1200) sees its internal armature (1 102, 1202) reinforced by metal beams (1 1 10, 1210). These metal beams (1 1 10, 1210) are fixed by screws at the level of fastening ears similar to the ears 1 120 and 1220. Figures 2a and 2b show the unit building elements of the present invention. Figure 2a illustrates the wooden frame 1301 of these unit building elements.

According to a preferred but nonlimiting embodiment, this wooden frame 1301 may comprise a number of levels 1302. The number of levels is between 0 and 8, preferably between 2 and 6 and advantageously equal to 4. The height of this 1301 wooden frame is between 0.35 m and 4.5 m, preferably between 2.5 m and 3.5 m and preferably equal to 3 m. The width of this wooden frame 1301 is between 0.05 m and 0.9 m, preferably between 0.35 m and 0.7 m and advantageously equal to 0.45 m. The length of this wooden frame 1301 is between 0.35 m and 6 m, preferably between 0.65 m and 1.50 m and advantageously equal to 0.95 m.

The wood component of this frame can be of one and the same type or a compound comprising several different woods. The and / or the woods can be taken from the following woods: oak, bread, fir, beech and / or any type of material containing wood.

Advantageously, the wood depends on the construction region of the present invention. Indeed, for economic and ecological reasons, the present invention takes advantage of the surrounding resources of the place of construction.

FIG. 2b illustrates an elementary building unit called self-supporting panel 1300. This self-supporting panel 1300 comprises the wooden frame 1301 and a filling 1303 composed of natural elements.

According to one embodiment, this filling 1303 is composed of plant elements in preferential, but not limiting, form of bales of straw.

These plant elements can be taken from the following plants: wheat, barley, rice, oats, lavender, rye, hemp, reed and / or all types of plants.

Advantageously, these plant elements are recovered locally around the construction site so as to minimize the economic and ecological impact of the construction of this building.

The density expressed in kg / m 3 (kilogram per cubic meter) of these bales of straw is between 80 and 140, preferably between 90 and 130 and advantageously equal to 120. The number of bales of straw included in a self-supporting panel is between 1 and 150, preferably between 5 and 30 and advantageously equal to 15.

Advantageously and according to one embodiment, insulating natural elements protrude from the wooden frame according to the secondary faces thereof. This then allows for a natural seal between two contiguous self-supporting panels.

Preferably, a baffle is made at the level of the wooden frame of the self-supporting panels so as to fit into the baffle of the adjacent self-supporting panel to form an obstacle to the passage of the wind for example.

The realization of these self-supporting panels 1300 can be performed on the construction site of the building according to the present invention.

According to one embodiment, the insulating elements composing the self-supporting panels can be any type of natural insulating element such as sand, stones.

These self-supporting panels are designed so as to fit between the upper frame 1200 and the bottom frame 1 100 of the hybrid structure.

These self-supporting panels are designed to be positioned between the outer frame (1 101, 1201) and the inner frame (1 102, 1202) of the hybrid structure.

According to one embodiment, a finish may be provided to the self-supporting panels 1300. This finish may take the form of a coating in order to obtain and / or increase certain physical properties of the self-supporting panels 1300, for example their ability to thermal insulation.

According to one embodiment, this coating can be any kind of mud. This mud may advantageously, but not limitatively, include elements from the construction site of the building.

These self-supporting panels 1300 are designed so as to isolate from the outside the hybrid structure and more particularly the metal parts of the hybrid structure. This insulation from the outside allows a reduction in the number of thermal bridges thus ensuring better thermal insulation.

Advantageously, the positioning of the self-supporting panels 1300 allows insulation of some, preferably all the metal columns 1330. Advantageously, the positioning of the self-supporting panels 1300 allows an isolation of certain parts, preferably all parts of the lower frame 1 100.

Advantageously, the positioning of the self-supporting panels allows insulation of certain parts, preferably all parts of the upper frame 1200.

Advantageously, the lower frame 1100 supports at least partly, and preferably entirely, the weight of the self-supporting panels 1300. FIG. 3 illustrates an embodiment of the present invention having its modularity and its hybridization. Indeed, in this figure is shown a structure comprising 3 hybrid structures as shown in Figure 1. These three structures are connected together by the ears (1 120, 1220) at the chassis 1 100 and 1200. These three structures are in all respects identical.

This figure also shows the extension of the pillars 1510. These pillars

1510 rest on foundation pillars 1520.

According to one embodiment, thermal decoupling is performed at the connection between the pillars 1510 and the foundation pillars 1520. This decoupling can be achieved for example by arranging wooden parts between the pillars 1510 and the foundation pillars 1520. so as to break the metallic continuity and thus ensure better thermal insulation of the pillars 1510.

According to one embodiment, these foundation pillars 1520 can be buried in the ground and / or concreted and / or placed on the ground.

According to an advantageous embodiment, the coupling between the pillars 1510 and the foundation pillars 1520 is made so as to comply with the antiseismic standards.

According to another embodiment, the coupling between the pillars 1510 and the foundation pillars 1520 is made so as to ensure very good mobility of the hybrid structure.

Figure 4 illustrates the addition of wooden beams (1,130, 1230) in the hybrid structure. These beams (1 130, 1230) are positioned between the metal beams (1 1 10, 1210) at the bottom frame 1 100 and the top frame 1200. The wooden beams 1 130 form with the metal beams 1 1 10 a support for the floor then comprising self-supporting panels 1300 to provide thermal insulation of the floor. Similarly, the wooden beams 1230 and the metal beams 1210 form a support for the roof comprising self-supporting panels to provide thermal insulation of the roof.

According to one embodiment, these wooden beams 1 130 and 1230 are fixed at the inner frames 1 102 and 1202, for example by means of ears.

The number of wooden beams 1 130 at the internal frame 1 101 of the frame 1 100 is between 2 and 20, preferably between 5 and 15 and advantageously equal to 10.

The number of wooden beams 1230 at the internal frame 1201 of the frame 1200 is between 2 and 20, preferably between 5 and 15 and advantageously equal to 10.

According to one embodiment, the 2 metal frames 1 100 and 1200 horizontal are strictly identical, they are designed by mirror effect

The distance between two wooden beams 1,130 at the internal frame

1 101 of the frame 1 100 is between 0.30 m and 0.80 m, preferably between 0.40 m and 0.60 m and preferably equal to 0.50 m.

The distance separating two wooden beams 1230 at the internal frame 1201 of the frame 1200 is between 0.30 m and 0.80 m, preferably between 0.40 m and 0.60 m, and advantageously equal to 0, 50 m.

The wood composing the beams 1 130 and 1230 can be of one and the same type or a compound comprising several different woods. The and / or the woods can be taken from the following woods: oak, bread, fir, beech and / or any type of material containing wood.

Advantageously, the wood composing the beams 1 130 and / or 1230 comes from the place of construction of the dwelling 1000.

According to one embodiment, the wood composing the wooden beams 1 130 may be of a different nature than the wood composing the wooden beams 1230.

According to one embodiment, the wood composing the wooden beams 1 130 may be of the same nature as the wood composing the wooden beams 1230.

According to one embodiment, the wood composing the wooden beams 1 130 may be different between several wooden beams 1 130.

According to one embodiment, the wood composing the wooden beams 1230 may be different between several wooden beams 1230. Figure 5 illustrates an example of house 1000 according to the present invention. This dwelling 1000 comprises a basement 1500, a roof (1410, 1420, 1430) walls comprising self-supporting panels 1300, windows 1310 and a door 1320.

According to one embodiment, the walls of the dwelling 1000 comprise self-supporting panels 1300. These self-supporting panels 1300 provide insulation from the outside of the house 1000. This insulation is present an increased efficiency compared to an insulation by the interior because it reduces the number and impact of thermal bridges between the exterior of the house 1000 and its interior.

Advantageously, there is no thermal bridge between the supporting structure of the dwelling 1000 and the outside of the dwelling 1000.

According to one embodiment, the self-supporting panels 1300 are held by at least a portion of at least one frame (1,100, 1200) of the hybrid structure.

According to one embodiment, the outer face of the self-supporting panels 1300 is outside the internal frame (1 102, 1202), advantageously of the outer frame (1 101, 1201), in order to allow better thermal insulation.

According to one embodiment, the outer face of the self-supporting panels 1300 is in the same plane as the outer face of the inner frame (1 102, 1202), advantageously that the outer face of the outer frame (1 101, 1201) .

According to one embodiment, the self-supporting panels 1300 may have openings whose dimensions may be between 0.50 m and 4.20 m for the height, between 0.50 m and 5.10 m for the width, advantageously between 0.50 m and 2.50 m for the height, between 0.95 m and 2.85 m for the width and preferably equal to 1, 50 m for the height and 1, 90 m for the width for a window and between 0.40 m and 4.10 m for height, between 0.40 m and 5 m for width, preferably between 0.80 m and 3 m for height, between 0.80 m and 3.50 m for the width and preferably equal to 1, 40 m for the height and 1, 80 m for the width for a door.

According to one embodiment, the thermal insulation of the house 1000 is partially and / or entirely provided by the self-supporting panels 1300.

The floor of the present dwelling 1000 comprises basic building units. According to one embodiment, the floor comprises self-supporting panels 1300 to ensure its insulation. These self-supporting panels 1300 are positioned and fixed by the metal beams 1 1 10 and the wooden beams 1 130 so as to isolate the house 1000 from the outside.

According to one embodiment, a coating is performed on the self-supporting panels 1300 included in the floor. This coating may be for example mud.

The ceiling of the present dwelling 1000 comprises basic building units.

According to one embodiment, the ceiling comprises self-supporting panels 1300 to insure its insulation. These self-supporting panels 1300 are supported by the metal beams 1210 and the wooden beams 1230.

According to one embodiment, a coating is performed on the self-supporting panels 1300 included in the ceiling. This coating may be for example mud.

According to one embodiment, the roof 1400 of the present home 1000 may comprise a number of different coatings providing different functions.

According to one embodiment, the coating of the roof 1400 comprises a coating of ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM) 1410. This coating seals the roof 1400 of the house 1000.

According to one embodiment, the coating of the roof 1400 comprises a coating ensuring the sealing of the roof 1400.

According to one embodiment, the coating of the roof 1400 comprises a vegetal coating 1430. This type of coating provides many technical advantages such as for example a protection of the waterproofness of the roof, a decrease in annual thermal variations at the roof. interior of the building. From a hydrological point of view, the 1430 vegetal coating provides an effect of retention of at least a portion of the rainwater which thus reduces the flood peaks in the evacuation pipes.

A vegetal coating provides sealing protection functions that provide greater durability of the roof, protection of the membrane sealing against thermal and mechanical shocks (thermal variations can reach 80 ° C differences between peaks of heat in the summer and cold snaps in winter), protection against UV aggressions, decreased annual thermal variations inside the building, a protection against noise thanks to the effect of insulation and an improvement of the thermal comfort in particular with an insulating revegetation.

A vegetation cover ensures the retention of rainwater, a reduction of flood peaks (excess water from heavy rain discharged with a delay effect in the pipelines) and low rainfall are fully retained. In addition, a vegetal coating ensures a reduction of the impact of the waterproofing for the viabilisation of the grounds, a decongestion of the sewerage network and the sewage treatment stations, a retention of rain water and reintroduction of the water of rain in the water cycle through plant consumption and evapotranspiration of the plant cover.

The greening of the roofs is consistent with the HQE (High Environmental Quality) approach and sustainable development, this allows a saving of resources, a limitation of the production of ultimate waste, harmonious relations between the building and its immediate environment, a overall quality of indoor environments and finally the use of recycled materials.

According to one embodiment, the coating of the roof 1400 comprises a mineral coating 1420. This coating 1420 ensures effective drainage of rainwater.

According to an advantageous embodiment, the coating of the roof 1400 comprises a first EPDM coating 1410, then a mineral layer 1420 and finally a plant coating 1430.

According to one embodiment, the roof 1400 of the present dwelling 1000 has a horizontal inclination of between 3 degrees and 20 degrees, preferably between 5 degrees and 10 degrees and advantageously equal to 5 degrees.

According to one embodiment, the base 1500 of the house 1000 comprises the pillars 1510 and the foundation pillars 1520. The basement 1500 of the house is made of wood, it is a mirror structure with the structure of the house. roof. The Basement thus comprises a wooden and straw structure at the junction between the pillars 1510 and the foundation pillars 1520, extended under the whole of the house. This structure ensures the presence of a crawl space. Advantageously, the height of the dwelling 1000 is between 4 m and 6 m, preferably between 4.2 m and 5 m and advantageously equal to 4.80 m. Advantageously, the width of this building is between 7 m and 9 m, preferably between 7.5 m and 8.5 m and advantageously equal to 8 m. Advantageously, the length of this building is between 10 m and 12 m, preferably between 10.50 m and 1 1, 50 m and advantageously equal to 1 1 m.

According to one embodiment, a part and / or all the metal parts of the hybrid structure are thermally insulated from the outside by a formwork. Said formwork can be made from elements similar to the self-supporting panels 1300, that is to say from compressed straw bale. This insulation from the outside allows only the insulating elements to be in contact with the outside. The metal parts of the hybrid structure remain inside the 1000 construction.

Similarly, the pillars 1510 are thermally insulated from the pillars 1520 by wooden elements for example.

According to one embodiment, the insulation from the outside of the house 1000 allows a reduction in the number of thermal bridges thus increasing the thermal insulation properties of the house 1000.

The present invention advantageously takes advantage of the properties of compressed straw. Indeed, compressed straw has many advantages in terms of thermal insulation, protection in case of fire and ventilation.

According to one embodiment, all of the construction parts of the present invention can be handled manually and / or by means of rope and pulleys for example. The present invention is designed for use by users with limited hardware resources and limited engineering knowledge.

According to one embodiment, all the metal parts are fixed by screws. This feature allows the present invention to require only few tools for its realization. In addition, the tools necessary to achieve this According to this embodiment, the invention does not require an energy supply other than a manual one. The infrastructure required for carrying out the present invention is economically advantageous. According to one embodiment, the present invention allows the construction of buildings in hard-to-reach geographical locations for building constructions requiring an important infrastructure in terms of tools and machine tools.

According to one embodiment, the possible type of foundation diversity according to the present invention allows its realization over a large number of surfaces and places, for example, on sand, in swamps, on elevated structures, on floating structures or in the trees.

According to one embodiment, the hybrid structure constituting the body of the present invention allows significant mobility since each hybrid structure is potentially movable by a crane system. The advantageous dimensions of the hybrid structure makes it possible to store and move by means of transport-type systems for metal containers or the like. They can also be easily dismantled and transported to spare parts. According to one embodiment, the present invention allows a high modularity of construction. Indeed, many of the elements of the hybrid structure are interchangeable. In addition, the dimensions of the hybrid structures are multiples of 3 meters. Finally, the advantageous arrangement of the ears (1 120, 1220) allow easy and flexible attachment of various building elements to design all types of constructions.

Advantageously, the present invention allows the realization of construction of buildings on several levels.

The invention is not limited to the previously described embodiments and extends to all the embodiments covered by the claims.

Claims

Building (1000) comprising elementary building units (1300), and at least one supporting structure, characterized in that:

The supporting structure is a hybrid structure comprising a metal part and a wooden part;

The hybrid structure comprises two metal frames (1,100, 1,200), one lower (1,100) and the other higher (1,200), extending in two horizontal planes;

At least one of the two frames has an internal frame

(1,102,1202) and an outer armature (1,101,1201);

The periphery of said inner armature (1 102, 1202) is inscribed in the periphery of said outer armature (1 101, 1201);

The carrying structure comprises metal columns (1330) extending from one frame to the other so as to secure the two frames (1 100, 1200);

At least some of the metal columns (1330) are positioned at least inside the outer frame of the at least one frame;

The supporting structure comprises wooden beams (1,130, 1230) extending in the horizontal plane of at least one frame and are supported by at least a portion of the at least one frame;

Said building units (1300) are self-supporting panels comprising an external structure (1301) of wood and containing at least one natural thermal insulation (1303); Said self-supporting panels (1300) are located between the lower frame (1100) and the upper frame (1200) and are positioned to isolate at least some of said metal columns (1330) from the outside;

Said self-supporting panels (1300) are maintained at least in part by at least one of said external and internal frames (1 101, 1 102, 1201, 1202).

Building (1000) according to the preceding claim wherein the at least one natural insulation of the self-supporting panels (1300) is contained in the structure made of wood (1301) in a compressed manner and protruding from the wooden structure (1301)

3. Building (1000) according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the at least one natural insulator overflows the wooden structure (1301) of a self-supporting panel (1300) on at least two sides which are joined to the sides two other adjacent self-supporting panels.

4. Building (1000) according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the at least one natural insulator overflows the wooden structure (1301) over a distance of at least 2 cm and preferably at least 3 cm and preferably at least 4 cm.

5. Building (1000) according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the overflows of the at least one natural insulator of the wooden structures of two adjacent self-supporting panels overlap for a distance of at least 5 mm.

6. Building (1000) according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the overflows of the at least one natural insulator of the wooden structures of two adjacent self-supporting panels are in contact and in compression with each other.

7. Building (1000) according to any preceding claim comprising metal beams (1 1 10, 1210) extending in the horizontal plane of at least one frame and which are supported by at least part of the at least one a chassis.

8. Building (1000) according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the inner and outer armatures of the at least one frame define a holding surface for the self-supporting panels (1300).

9. Building (1000) according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the outer face of at least one self-supporting panel (1300) is outside the inner frame (1 102, 1202).

10. Building (1000) according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the lower frame (1 100) supports at least a portion of the weight of the self-supporting panels (1300).

1 1. Building (1000) according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the dimensions of the self-supporting panels (1300) are preferably between 0.35 m and 4.50 m for height, between 0.05 m and 0.9 m for the width and between 0.35 m and 6 m for the length, advantageously between 1 m and 3 m for the height, between 0.50 m and 0.70 m for the width and between 0.80 m and 1.10 m for the length and preferably equal to 3 m for the height, 0 , 45 m for the width and 0.95 m for the length.

12. Building (1000) according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the at least one natural insulation (1303) contained in the self-supporting panels (1300) comprises at least one of the following natural elements: straw, stone, sand .

13. Building (1000) according to the preceding claim wherein the at least one natural insulation (1303) contained in the self-supporting panels (1300) is straw and wherein the straw comprises at least one of the following plant elements: wheat, barley, rice, oats, lavender, rye, hemp, reed.

14. Building (1000) according to the preceding claim wherein the straw is in the self-supporting panels (1300) in the form of straw bale and wherein the density, expressed in kg / m3, of bales of straw is between 80 and 140, preferably between 90 and 130 and preferably equal to 120.

Building (1000) according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a roof (1400) and wherein the roof (1400) comprises a watertight coating (1410) and at least one of: a vegetal coating (1430) and a mineral coating (1420).

16. Building (1000) according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the self-supporting panels (1300) are shaped to be manipulated manually.

17. Building (1000) according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the material contained in the metal part of the hybrid structure is taken from the following metals and alloys: Steel, Iron, Aluminum, Titanium; wherein the wood contained in a part of the hybrid structure is taken from the following woods: oak, bread, fir, beech and in which the dimensions of the hybrid structure are multiples of 3 meters.

18. A method of manufacturing a self-supporting panel (1300) comprising a wood frame (1301) and at least one natural insulator (1303), comprising the following steps:

Compression of at least one natural insulator (1303);

Inserting the at least one compressed natural insulation (1303) into the wooden frame (1301); Repetition of the previous two steps until complete filling of the wooden frame (1301) with overflow of the natural insulation over at least two centimeters (10 ^"2 meters) out of the wooden frame and on at least two sides of the wooden frame - Covering at least one of the two main faces with a waterproof covering.

19. Method according to the preceding claim wherein the waterproof coating comprises cob.

20. Method according to one of the two preceding claims wherein the waterproof coating is applied on at least the outer face of the self-supporting panels.

21. A method according to one of the three preceding claims wherein the at least one natural insulator of the self-supporting panels (1300) is compressed in the wooden structure (1301) so as to form an overflow out of the wooden structure (1301) and wherein the self-supporting panels are arranged relative to each other to cause overlap of natural insulation overflows between two adjacent self-supporting panels and / or compression of natural insulation overflows between two adjacent self-supporting panels.

22. A method of manufacturing a building (1000) comprising self-supporting panels (1300), a hybrid structure of metal and wood, at least two metal frames (1 100, 1200) each comprising an internal frame (1 102, 1202 ) and an outer armature (1 101, 1201), the periphery of the inner armature (1 102, 1202) being circumscribed in the periphery of the outer armature (1 101, 1201), at least several metal columns (1330) extending from one frame to the other so as to secure the two frames together and positioned at least inside the outer frame (1 101, 1201), and comprising a thermal insulation step by the outside of at least one metal column (1330) by covering the at least one metal column (1330) with at least one self-supporting panel (1300).

23. Method according to the preceding claim wherein the following steps are performed and irrespective of their order of execution:

Installation of metal pillars (1510) for maintaining the building (1000) at ground level; Mounting a first frame (1 100), the lower frame, on the metal pillars (1510);

Attaching the metal columns (1330) to the inner frame (1 102) of the lower frame (1 100);

Installing the second frame (1200) above the first frame (1100) so that the metal columns (1330) can be attached at the inside of the perimeter of the inner frame (1202) of the upper frame (1200);

Attaching wooden beams (1 130, 1230) between metal beams (1 100, 1210) at the lower frame (1 100) and the upper frame (1200);

Vertical installation of the self-supporting panels (1300) on the lower frame (1 100) so as to isolate in part at least the columns (1330) of the hybrid structure;

24. Method according to the two preceding claims wherein the manufacture of the building is carried out manually.