EP3183109A1 - Dispositif et procédé pour produire des objets tridimensionnels - Google Patents

Dispositif et procédé pour produire des objets tridimensionnels

Info

Publication number
EP3183109A1
EP3183109A1 EP15753673.1A EP15753673A EP3183109A1 EP 3183109 A1 EP3183109 A1 EP 3183109A1 EP 15753673 A EP15753673 A EP 15753673A EP 3183109 A1 EP3183109 A1 EP 3183109A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
data set
image data
building
chamber
construction
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP15753673.1A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Frank Herzog
Florian DR. BECHMANN
Fabian Zeulner
Tobias BOKKES
Marie-Christin EBERT
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
CL Schutzrechtsverwaltung GmbH
Original Assignee
CL Schutzrechtsverwaltung GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by CL Schutzrechtsverwaltung GmbH filed Critical CL Schutzrechtsverwaltung GmbH
Publication of EP3183109A1 publication Critical patent/EP3183109A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/141—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials
    • B29C64/153—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/245—Platforms or substrates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/255—Enclosures for the building material, e.g. powder containers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B29C64/386—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/393—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for producing three-dimensional objects by successively solidifying layers of a radiation-hardenable building material at the locations corresponding to the respective cross-section of the object, with a building chamber in which a carrying device for carrying the object is arranged with a height-adjustable support Irradiation device for irradiating layers of the building material at the locations corresponding to the respective cross-section of the object and an image recording device for receiving at least one image data set which images the construction chamber.
  • image pickup device When referred to above as an image pickup device, so are also including devices that use a C-MOS or CCD technique, i. Devices in which an image is generated from individual pixel data.
  • image pickup device should therefore be understood to include such electronic devices as well.
  • Forming methods are known in which a material is solidified in layers at predetermined locations so as to build a three-dimensional object. Basically, fluids such as in stereolithography or powders such as laser sintering (SLS) or laser melting (LSM) can be solidified. The already processed layers are lowered in layers and a new layer applied to solidify the building material in the desired places.
  • SLS laser sintering
  • LSM laser melting
  • EP 2 032 345 B1 teaches a device for selective laser powder processing in which the camera or the photodiode array or the CCD array is guided to the laser beam for solidifying the powder.
  • the image recording device can be calibrated by means of position marking or position markings in the construction chamber. It has been found that the inaccuracies in the further use of the image data of the image recording device are position-dependent and thus a dependence of information from the place in the image is present. Accordingly, this position-dependent measurement inaccuracy of the image pickup device is compensated by calibration.
  • a calibration is an acquisition of information in such a way that measurement inaccuracies in image data records recorded during the construction process can be compensated. These inaccuracies of measurement depend on the construction and can not be eliminated by repositioning the image pickup device.
  • the position marking is not intended to mark a specific position in the construction chamber, but rather marks a specific image position.
  • any value should be used as normal. Deviations from this standard are used by one or more calibration dates To obtain calibration data.
  • the normal may be the intensity value in the center of an image data set taken by the camera. Alternatively, it may be the brightest or darkest intensity value of the image data set in the entire image or a predefinable image area. Further embodiments will be described below.
  • a mirror arrangement with at least one mirror can be arranged between the image recording device and the construction chamber.
  • This mirror arrangement serves for deflecting the laser beam output by the laser device for solidifying the building material.
  • the building chamber can also be used to record at least partially imaging image data via this mirror arrangement.
  • the at least one position marking may be arranged at the bottom of the building chamber or at a bottom plate at the bottom of the building chamber.
  • the position-dependent measurement inaccuracies relate to the layer of construction material that lies in the so-called building level and is or is to be irradiated with a laser beam.
  • the building level is a plane parallel to the floor and floor slab. Therefore, optimal calibration can be achieved by means of ground-based position markers.
  • a light-permeable heat protection device in particular made of glass ceramic, can be arranged above the position marking. If the position markings are sensitive to heat, they are protected by the glass-ceramic layer, since this shields the thermal energy introduced by the laser beam and passed on via the build-up tetarial from the position markings.
  • the position markings simulate a uniform emission behavior of the build-up material installed in the construction chamber, at least regionally or in support sites. It is thus pretended that the building material has a given heat radiation, which is constant throughout the construction plane.
  • the emitted electromagnetic radiation is simulated by the position markers.
  • the position marking is a lighting device that impacts the bottom or the bottom plate in whole or in part.
  • LED Lamp In order to realize the position markings cost-effectively, these can be used as LED Lamp is designed. These preferably emit light in the visible and infrared wavelength range from 700 nm to 1100 nm, in particular at a wavelength between 800 nm and 900 nm. This is the wavelength or that wavelength range which is also emitted by the heated build material.
  • the homogeneous light emission is realized over a region of the bottom or the bottom plate with a single position marking or with a multiplicity of position markings.
  • the position markings each have a predetermined light emission angle, which is in particular parallel.
  • the image recording device then forms parallel light beams, as a result of which position-dependent measurement inaccuracies can be ascertained and corrected particularly easily.
  • the position marks When using a plurality of position markers, the position marks form support points. Intermediate areas can be interpolated.
  • An image data record which maps at least one position marking is therefore used to obtain at least one calibration information item or one calibration data item. This happens before a construction process.
  • the calibration data then corrects the image data sets that represent the construction level in the construction chamber during a construction process, so that the data derived therefrom, such as temperature data, are corrected for the position-dependent measurement inaccuracies.
  • the device for producing three-dimensional objects is preferably a laser melting or laser sintering device.
  • the image pickup device is preferably designed as a photo or camera. she can So record individual images or image data sets or continuous image data sets.
  • the image recording device is preferably designed for recording in the visible light range or in the infrared range.
  • the invention relates to a method for producing a three-dimensional component by a generative construction method, wherein the component takes place by successively solidifying defined areas of individual layers by the action of a radiation source on the solidifiable building material, wherein the areas are solidified in spaced individual sections, and wherein a Image recording device for receiving at least one image data set of the building material receiving the building chamber is provided.
  • the image recording device records at least one image data record as a reference image data record with at least one light-emitting position marker and makes use of the at least one reference image data record to correct an image data record taken during a construction process.
  • Fig. 7 is a flowchart for performing a calibration.
  • FIG. 1 shows a device 1 for producing three-dimensional objects by successively solidifying layers of a pulverulent, solidifiable material Building material.
  • a building module 2 with a metering chamber 3, a building chamber 4 and an overflow chamber 5.
  • an applicator 6 for transporting building material 7 from the metering chamber 3 to the building chamber 4 movable.
  • the building material is a powdery, solidified material made of metal or plastic.
  • the three-dimensional object 9 is height adjustable.
  • the topmost layer of building material 7 in the building chamber 4 forms the building level 10.
  • the building material 7 in the building level 10 is solidified by means of laser radiation at the appropriate locations. Once a layer of building material 7 is solidified in the building chamber 4 at the desired locations, the support device 8 is lowered and transported with the applicator 6, a new layer or layer of building material 7 from the metering chamber 3 to the building chamber 4. For lifting the building material 7 in the metering chamber 3, this also has a carrying device 1 1.
  • the building module is a mirror arrangement 12 with which the laser beam 14 emitted from a laser beam device 13 can be deflected so that the respective desired areas of the building surface 10 are irradiated.
  • a lens assembly 15 and a beam splitter 16 In the beam path of the laser beam 14 is still a lens assembly 15 and a beam splitter 16. With the lens assembly 15, the laser beam 14 is focused while the beam splitter 16 on the one hand for the laser beam 14 is transparent and on the other hand deflects light to the camera 17 as an image pickup device.
  • the camera 17 can map the building level 10.
  • the camera 17 is connected to a control device 18. This may be a control device 18 assigned to the camera 17, but it may also be the control device 18 of the device 1, which carries out a multiplicity of control tasks and, for the laser beam device 13 and / or the mirror assembly 12 controls.
  • the mirror assembly 12 and the lens assembly 15 may each include one or more mirrors or lenses.
  • recesses are provided, in which LED lamps 20 are arranged as position markings.
  • On the bottom plate 19 is still a glass ceramic plate 21 as heat protection for the LED lamps 20.
  • Figure 2 shows a cross section through the structure at the bottom of the building chamber 2.
  • the support 22 of the support device 8, the bottom plate 19 with the therein arranged LED lamps 20 and the glass ceramic plate 21 are shown.
  • the electrical connection of the LED lamps 20 This may be e.g. pass through the carrier 22.
  • the spindle drive of the carrying device 8 which raises and lowers the carrier 22.
  • FIG. 3 shows a plan view of a base plate 19 for illustrating a possible distribution of the LED lamps 20. These and the distributions shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 are suitable for all kinds of position markings, not only for LED lamps 20.
  • FIG. 3 shows a lattice structure of the LED lamps 20.
  • FIG. 4 shows a further alternative arrangement of the LED lamps 20. These are arranged on concentric circles 23. The circles 23 are shown in dashed lines and intended only for orientation.
  • the spacing of the circles is determined, inter alia, on the basis of the size of the LED lamps, the number to be achieved per area, the required wall thickness of the bottom plate 19 between the LED lamps 20, etc.
  • the LED lamps 20 may be arranged as threaded on spokes as shown be, wherein the number of spokes increases with increasing circular diameter also.
  • the LED lamps 20 can also be arranged relatively arbitrarily on the circles 23. In a calibration, as described above, any value should be taken as normal. This can be the intensity value of the LED lamp 20 in the center of an image data record taken by the camera 17. Alternatively, it can be the brightest or darkest intensity value of an LED lamp 20 or a general position marker in the entire image or a predefinable image area. The choice of the normals depends on the framework conditions and may differ from the proposed designs.
  • FIG. 5 shows a further embodiment of a position marking as a planar lighting device 24.
  • the light output of the lighting device 24 is homogeneous over the entire surface, but it is finally sufficient if the distribution of the light output is known. This is then to be considered in the calibration of the camera 17.
  • the lighting device 24 can be obtained by providing a light-distributing plate above the LED lamps 20 in a structure as in FIG. This is preferably used below a glass ceramic plate 21.
  • the light output of the LED lamps 20 or the lighting device 24 is detected before the start of construction and by the camera 17 in at least one image data set. Based on this image data set and regardless of the design of the position markers at least one calibration date is obtained, in which case a date is understood as a singular of "data", that is to say information in particular in the form of numbers or numbers.
  • a calibration data record 25 is determined from an image data record which maps the light emission of the position markings, in particular of the LED lamps 20 or the lighting device 24, by obtaining a normal value from a picture element, also referred to as pixel, or an image area by averaging over several picture elements , All further pixels are then divided by this normal value and the inverse is taken from this. This happens pixel by pixel.
  • a calibration data set 25 is shown in FIG. Since these values are "contaminated" by noise, 25 areas 26, 27, 28, 29, 30 and 31 can be found in the calibration data set which differ only in noise, in these areas 26, 27, 28, 29, 30 and 31 In each case an average value can be formed in order to suppress or reduce the noise.
  • step S1 a bottom plate 19 with LED lamps 20 is placed on the carrier 22 in a construction chamber 4 and an electrical connection to the LED lamps is established.
  • corresponding contacts are present on the carrier 22, so that a simple placement is sufficient.
  • step S2 the carrier 8 is moved to a height so that the lamps are at the level and emit light as the building level 10 is later.
  • step S3 an image data record is taken with the camera 17. From this, a calibration data record 25 is determined in step S4. In this case, all current and described process steps, such as consideration of the distribution of the light output of the LED lamps 20 or the lighting device 24, averaging, selection of the norms, etc., can be used. For calculation, the control device 18 is used. The calibration data set 25 is then stored as step S5 in a memory device, not shown.
  • This calibration and creation of a calibration record 25 can be done before each Construction process done. But it can also be done once for commissioning the camera 17.
  • LED lamps 20 having different wavelength outputs may be used to generate a respective calibration data set for a building material 7, respectively.
  • the LED lamps with different wavelength outputs can also be arranged on a building board 19 and controlled separately. Alternatively, a separate bottom plate 19 or a separate bottom can be provided for each predetermined wavelength or each wavelength range. In this case, the distribution of the LED lamps 20 and the generation of calibration data or data records is independent of each other.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif (1) permettant de produire des objets (9) tridimensionnels par solidification successive de couches d'un matériau structural (7) pouvant solidifier sous l'effet d'un rayonnement, en des points correspondant à la section transversale respective de l'objet (9) concerné, ledit dispositif comprenant une chambre structurale (4) dans laquelle est disposé un dispositif de support (8) pour soutenir l'objet (9) avec un élément de support (22) réglable en hauteur, un dispositif d'exposition à un rayonnement (13) pour exposer des couches du matériau structural (7) audit rayonnement, en des points correspondant à la section transversale respective de l'objet (9) ainsi qu'un dispositif de prise de vues (17) destiné à pendre au moins un ensemble de données d'images reproduisant la chambre structurale (4), au moins un repère de position (20, 24) destiné à étalonner le dispositif de prise de vues (17) se trouvant dans la chambre structurale (4). L'invention concerne en outre un procédé pour effectuer un étalonnage.
EP15753673.1A 2014-08-22 2015-08-18 Dispositif et procédé pour produire des objets tridimensionnels Withdrawn EP3183109A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102014012286.7A DE102014012286B4 (de) 2014-08-22 2014-08-22 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Herstellen von dreidimensionalen Objekten
PCT/EP2015/068939 WO2016026853A1 (fr) 2014-08-22 2015-08-18 Dispositif et procédé pour produire des objets tridimensionnels

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3183109A1 true EP3183109A1 (fr) 2017-06-28

Family

ID=53938330

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP15753673.1A Withdrawn EP3183109A1 (fr) 2014-08-22 2015-08-18 Dispositif et procédé pour produire des objets tridimensionnels

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20170274592A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP3183109A1 (fr)
CN (2) CN110239091A (fr)
DE (1) DE102014012286B4 (fr)
WO (1) WO2016026853A1 (fr)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20170274592A1 (en) 2017-09-28
DE102014012286B4 (de) 2016-07-21
WO2016026853A1 (fr) 2016-02-25
CN110239091A (zh) 2019-09-17
DE102014012286A1 (de) 2016-02-25
CN107073838A (zh) 2017-08-18
CN107073838B (zh) 2019-06-14

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