EP3182512A1 - Multizugangsantenne - Google Patents

Multizugangsantenne Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3182512A1
EP3182512A1 EP16203373.2A EP16203373A EP3182512A1 EP 3182512 A1 EP3182512 A1 EP 3182512A1 EP 16203373 A EP16203373 A EP 16203373A EP 3182512 A1 EP3182512 A1 EP 3182512A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pattern
access
polarization
patterns
antenna
Prior art date
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Granted
Application number
EP16203373.2A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3182512B1 (de
Inventor
William HUBERT
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Thales SA
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Thales SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q7/00—Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • H01Q9/26—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole with folded element or elements, the folded parts being spaced apart a small fraction of operating wavelength
    • H01Q9/265—Open ring dipoles; Circular dipoles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
    • H01Q9/42—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole with folded element, the folded parts being spaced apart a small fraction of the operating wavelength

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a multi-access antenna used in particular in the field of direction-finding. It relates to the field of antennas and ultra wide band antenna systems, for example compact systems in very high frequency VHF and ultra high frequency UHF bands for the reception of electromagnetic waves without distinction of polarization. It is also possible to use it in the field of high frequencies or HF. It is intended for reception applications, although broadcast applications are possible.
  • the notion of compactness could be characterized by the capacity of the network to be contained in a cubic volume of less than thirty centimeters per side for a VHF / UHF application.
  • the realization of a radiating element contained in such a small volume is already particularly complex.
  • its impedance matching is often achieved by the insertion of an attenuator which masks the standing waves and which reduces the efficiency of the radiation or by the use of an active adaptation.
  • To maintain a satisfactory gain from 30 MHz it is then necessary to use families of antennas occupying the best volume.
  • the realization of a network of antennas, including several radiating elements in the same volume is all the more difficult and certainly represents one of the major problems that designers have to solve.
  • the assembly of ultra wideband antennas generates coupling phenomena between the antennas and with the carrier structure. They give rise to often incompatible resonances of a targeted application and the frequency domain required, the latter being greater than a decade.
  • the integration of the sensor is added to a complex operating environment, such as the roof of a vehicle that generates couplings degrading antenna radiation patterns, their gain, but also their state of polarization. This last finding leads to the design of sensors capable of processing polarization diversity in order to increase the reliability of their detections.
  • a logical way of handling this polarization diversity naturally consists in diversifying the state of polarization of the antennas constituting the network. For example, some radiating elements may have vertical linear polarization, while others have horizontal polarization.
  • Adcock a term known in the field of antennas
  • this network has two bidirectional cross paths, each with a 0 ° lobe and a 180 ° relative phase lobe, complemented by an omnidirectional channel indicating the phase reference.
  • This classic scheme reduces the number of accesses to three monopolarization. Their dimensions are very close to the goal set. However, to the applicant's knowledge, there is no such solution that is polarization diversity.
  • the patent US 8228258 presents an embodiment based on the concept of multi-port antenna or multiple ports. Optimized for narrow-band applications, when the shape of the radiating strands generates maximum isolation between the three ports, it offers the equivalent of three sectorial antennas 101, 102, 103 in a compact format.
  • the main disadvantage of the dual-polarization solutions known to the applicant is their size which does not allow easy transport of the network when it is disembarked or their integration on certain types of carriers. Networks that comply with the integration constraints set do not allow them to deal with multiple polarizations. For vector antennas, it seems difficult to obtain a network both sensitive and broadband on a frequency domain greater than a decade. Finally, the multi-access antennas developed so far seem to be reserved for narrow-band applications with diversity of antennas in reception or transmission and reception of the SIMO / MIMO type (Single Input Multiple Output) and with a number of tracks limited to two or three.
  • SIMO / MIMO type Single Input Multiple Output
  • pattern an antenna element which has a sectoral radiation according to a given polarization, for example a folded-loaded dipole.
  • a vertically polarized pattern will be referred to as a vertical pattern and a horizontally polarized pattern as a horizontal pattern.
  • the object of the invention relates to a multi-access antenna comprising at least two antenna patterns formed by circular symmetry and sectoral radiation according to a first polarization P1, the two patterns being interconnected by conductive pieces that they share and both patterns have at least two accesses.
  • the antenna is characterized in that the two patterns consist of two shapes having the same center, a first external shape and a second internal shape connected by at least two conductive parts, a pattern with a first polarization P1 is formed by a first part of the first form and a first part of the second form, the two parts being connected by at least a first conductive part, said pattern comprising at least one load and at least one access disposed opposite the load.
  • the multi-access antenna consists of two concentric circles, a first outer circle of diameter ⁇ a and a second inner circle of diameter ⁇ b connected by at least two radial conductive parts, a pattern with a first polarization P1 is formed by a first part of the first circle and a first part of the second circle, the two parts being connected by at least a first conductive part, said pattern comprising at least one load and at least one access disposed opposite the charge.
  • the multi-access antenna comprises at least one pattern with a second polarization P2 different from the first polarization P1, said pattern comprises a first part and a second part, the two parts being connected by at least one shared radial conductive part with the first polarization patterns P1, said second polarization pattern P2 has an access and a charge arranged opposite an access, for the same pattern.
  • the antenna may comprise a lower part formed by symmetry of an upper part, each part comprising at least two patterns with a first polarization, each pattern is provided with an access and / or a load, the lower part of the antenna and the upper part being connected by at least one second polarization pattern P2.
  • the multi-access antenna has for example a height H and a width L, the value of the ratio L / H being chosen in order to optimize the sectoral radiation pattern Rs of a pattern.
  • the first polarization P1 and the second P2 polarization are orthogonal polarizations, respectively with a horizontal polarization P H and a vertical polarization V P.
  • the antenna may comprise at least three vertically polarized patterns interconnected by horizontally polarized patterns, the patterns being arranged to form a circular antenna.
  • a pattern constituting the antenna may have a tubular structure whose geometry and dimensions are adapted to the passage of power cables or signal transmission.
  • a vertically polarized pattern and / or a horizontally polarized pattern may be a folded-loaded dipole.
  • the multi-access antenna comprises, for example, a support plate and a mast.
  • the antenna can be a receiving antenna. It can be used in VHF / UHF frequency bands. It can also be used for direction finding.
  • FIGS. 2A and 2B illustrate a first embodiment of multi-access antenna according to the invention.
  • the Figure 2A schematizes a horizontal polarization multi-access antenna with circular symmetry with two elements sufficient for nominal operation of the invention.
  • the antenna consists of two concentric shapes, for example an outer circle 200a of diameter ⁇ a, and an inner circle 200b of diameter ⁇ b connected by radial conductive parts 200 rj whose number is equal to the number of horizontal patterns of the antenna.
  • the assembly formed by a first half of the outer circle 200a, a first half of the inner circle 200b, the two parts being connected by a first conductive part 200 r1 , and a second conductive part 200 r2 constitutes a first horizontal pattern 210.
  • the assembly formed by the second half of the outer circle 200a and the second half of the inner circle 200b connected by the first conductive part and the second conductive part mentioned above constitutes a second horizontal pattern 220.
  • Each pattern 210, 220 comprises an access 211 , 221 and a load 212, 222, an access being arranged opposite the load of the same pattern.
  • the two horizontal patterns are thus electrically connected through the radial conductive parts that they share.
  • the antenna may be constituted by non-circular shapes having the same center, such as polygons or any other shape.
  • the Figure 2B represents a view of a multi-access antenna according to the invention constructed from the antenna of the Figure 2A to which are added two vertically polarized units P V.
  • a pattern 230 comprises for example a first portion 230a and a second portion 230b, the two parts being connected by a radial conductive member 200 r1 shared with the horizontal patterns.
  • a vertically polarized pattern 230, 240 has an access 231, 241 and a load 232, 242 disposed opposite an access, for the same pattern.
  • the lower part of the antenna is formed by symmetry of the upper part.
  • the two horizontal patterns are thus electrically connected through the pieces.
  • radial conductors 200 ' r1, 200' r2 they share.
  • the radial portions provide electrical continuity between the various elements forming a pattern of the antenna.
  • the two horizontal patterns of the lower part will not necessarily be functional. For example, when they are arranged in the vicinity of a support plate, the access will be replaced by a load by a principle of equivalence with the characteristic impedance that the accesses present. The same goes for any access that would not be used.
  • the horizontally polarized and vertically polarized patterns are folded-loaded dipoles.
  • a pattern will be arranged in such a way that its access allows sectoral radiation Rs, for example towards the outside of the antenna 200, whereas a charge will be placed more towards the inside of the antenna. According to the same equivalence principle mentioned above, it is nevertheless possible to replace the loads with accesses to take advantage of additional transmission or reception channels.
  • the multi-access antenna thus formed is defined in particular by its height H and the width L of an elementary pattern.
  • the height H corresponds substantially to the length of a vertical element forming the vertical pattern and the width L corresponds to ( ⁇ a- ⁇ b) / 2.
  • the choice of the value of the ratio L / H will be chosen such that it optimizes the forward / backward ratio of the Rs diagram, compared to the level of cross polarization a single pattern sports.
  • a load 212 for example, 200 ⁇ located opposite the power supply port 211 (or access) guarantees a stability of its impedance over a very wide frequency band.
  • the Figures 3A , 3B and 3C respectively represent an antenna 300, a first view from above, an iso view, a view integrating a support plate 400 and a serving mast 410, a multi-access antenna composed of four vertical patterns and four horizontal patterns for a total of eight accesses.
  • the four horizontal patterns located in the lower part, formed by symmetry of the upper part, are not used in this example because they are located in close proximity to the support plate 400.
  • the plate 400 has, for example, a separator role for other antenna elements or other antennas.
  • the figure 3A schematizes the arrangement of the four horizontally polarized patterns constructed similarly to the representation Figure 2A .
  • the upper part of the antenna 300 consists of two concentric shapes, for example an external torus 300a of diameter ⁇ a, and an internal toroid 300b of diameter ⁇ b, connected by radial conductive parts 300 rj whose number is equal to the number of horizontal patterns of the antenna.
  • the assembly formed by a quarter of the outer circle 300a, a quarter of the inner circle 300b, the two parts being connected by a first conductive part 300 r1 and a second conductive part 300 r2 constitutes a first horizontal pattern 310.
  • the upper part is thus constructed by four horizontally polarized patterns 310, 320, 330, 340, each sharing a radially conductive portion with its adjacent pattern.
  • Each pattern 310, 320, 330, 340 includes an access 311, 321, 331, 341 and a load 312, 322, 332, 342, an access being disposed opposite to the load of the same pattern.
  • the four horizontal patterns are thus connected electrically thanks to the radial conductive parts that they share, 300 r1 , 300 r2 , 300 r3, 300 r4 .
  • vertically polarized patterns are defined ( figure 3B ) according to the principle laid down Figure 2B .
  • the antenna 300 is constructed by rotationally duplicating a vertically polarized pattern.
  • the angle ⁇ between two vertical patterns will correspond to 90 °, which will provide a homogeneous azimuthal coverage over 360 °.
  • This arrangement makes it possible to form the equivalent of a circular network with four sectorial elements, whose vertical polarization is principal.
  • a vertically polarized pattern 350, 360, 370, 380 comprises for example a first part 350a, 360a, 370a, 380a and a second part 350b, 360b, 370b, 380b, the two parts being connected by a radial conductive part 300 r1, 300 r2 , 300 r3, 300 r4 shared with the adjacent horizontal patterns.
  • Each vertical pattern 350, 360, 370, 380 has an access 351, 361, 371, 381 and a load 352, 362, 372, 382 disposed opposite an access for the same pattern.
  • the lower part is formed by symmetry of the upper part. It thus comprises four horizontally polarized patterns 310 ', 320', 330 ', 340', each of which shares a radial conductive portion 300 ' r1, 300' r2, 300 ' r3, 300' r4 , with its adjacent pattern.
  • Each pattern 310 ', 320', 330 ', 340' comprises an access 311 ', 321', 331 ', 341' and a load 312 ', 322', 332 ', 342, with access being disposed opposite of the charge of the same motive.
  • the four horizontal patterns are thus electrically connected thanks to the radial conductive parts which they share, 300 ' r1, 300' r2, 300 ' r3, 300' r4 .
  • These last four elements will not be used in this example, since they are arranged near the support plate 400 ( figure 3C ), and are therefore always loaded by a technique known to those skilled in the art to symmetrize the radiation patterns and improve the decoupling with the support plate and access will be replaced by a load.
  • a horizontally polarized or vertically polarized pattern has a tubular section in this example to allow the passage of cables supply (not shown for reasons of simplification), access from the serving mast 410.
  • the antenna is then characterized by its outside diameter ⁇ a , which is determined with respect to the space constraint (30 cm in this example), its inside diameter ⁇ b and its height H.
  • the height H is determined, for example, depending on the maximum frequency of use of the antenna (close to ⁇ / 2), the inside diameter ⁇ b is chosen in such a way that it optimizes the radiation pattern (forward / backward ratio) and in same time the cross polarization level, then the value of L is deduced.
  • the height of the antenna H and therefore of the vertical patterns is chosen, for example, substantially equal to the outside diameter, the performances according to the two main polarizations are then similar.
  • the figure 5 schematizes an azimuth radiation pattern of a vertical element, in vertical polarization and at zero site for the following frequencies 30 MHz, 510, 100 MHz, 520, 500 MHz, 530.
  • the figure 6 schematizes an azimuth radiation pattern of a horizontal element, in horizontal polarization and at zero-site, for the frequencies 30MHz, 610, 100MHz, 620 and 500MHz, 630.
  • the Figures 7A to 7C present a six-port version of the antenna.
  • This antenna is constructed in a manner similar to the construction of the vertically polarized four-pattern antenna, this time using three horizontal patterns 710, 720, 730, for the upper part and three vertical patterns 740, 750, 760 and with an angle ⁇ of 120 ° between the vertical patterns.
  • the antenna 700 may also comprise three horizontal patterns 710 ', 720', 730 'arranged in the lower part of the antenna.
  • a vertical pattern is duplicated by rotation to obtain patterns positioned at an angle of 120 ° between them. This still allows 360 ° antennal scanning.
  • Each horizontal pattern 710, 720, 730, 710 ', 720', 730 'or vertical 740, 750, 760 has an access 711, 721, 731, 711', 721 ', 731' 741, 751, 761 and a load 712 , 722, 732, 712 ', 722', 732 ', 742, 752, 762.
  • the accesses for the patterns arranged in the lower part are replaced by charges if the antenna comprises a plate 400.
  • a vertical pattern is connected to a horizontal pattern by a radial conductive piece.
  • the multi-access antenna according to the invention makes it possible in particular to meet the gain and polarization requirements with a limited access number depending on the applications in a small footprint. Each access benefits from all or part of the structure to increase radio performance. On the other hand, the multi-access antenna makes it possible to eliminate the resonances between the radiating elements. In addition, for a application in V / UHF, it does not require an active element to function. Finally, the degree of diversity introduced by the directional elements offers an interesting goniometry accuracy despite the compactness of the antenna.

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  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
EP16203373.2A 2015-12-18 2016-12-12 Multizugangsantenne Active EP3182512B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1502637A FR3045838B1 (fr) 2015-12-18 2015-12-18 Antenne multi-acces

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3182512A1 true EP3182512A1 (de) 2017-06-21
EP3182512B1 EP3182512B1 (de) 2024-02-21

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Family Applications (1)

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EP16203373.2A Active EP3182512B1 (de) 2015-12-18 2016-12-12 Multizugangsantenne

Country Status (4)

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EP (1) EP3182512B1 (de)
FI (1) FI3182512T3 (de)
FR (1) FR3045838B1 (de)
SG (1) SG10201610559UA (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3767741A1 (de) 2019-07-15 2021-01-20 Thales Kugelantenne
WO2022042648A1 (zh) * 2020-08-30 2022-03-03 华为技术有限公司 天线装置和无线设备

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1556137A (en) * 1919-02-07 1925-10-06 Rca Corp Method and apparatus for radiosignaling
US2640930A (en) * 1950-01-12 1953-06-02 Int Standard Electric Corp Antenna assembly
US3611389A (en) * 1969-01-22 1971-10-05 Int Standard Electric Corp Vor antenna
GB2274953A (en) * 1993-02-09 1994-08-10 Derek John Phipps Navigation system incorporating screened two-loop antenna
EP0961346A1 (de) * 1998-05-26 1999-12-01 Societe Technique D'application Et De Recherche Electronique Starec Antennensystem für Funkpeilung
US8228258B2 (en) 2008-12-23 2012-07-24 Skycross, Inc. Multi-port antenna
US20140266888A1 (en) 2013-03-15 2014-09-18 US Gov't Represented by Secretary of the Navy Chief of Naval Research Office of Counsel ONR/NRL Electromagnetic vector sensors (emvs) apparatus method and system

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2517735B (en) * 2013-08-30 2015-10-28 Victor Sledkov Multiple-resonant-mode dual polarized antenna

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1556137A (en) * 1919-02-07 1925-10-06 Rca Corp Method and apparatus for radiosignaling
US2640930A (en) * 1950-01-12 1953-06-02 Int Standard Electric Corp Antenna assembly
US3611389A (en) * 1969-01-22 1971-10-05 Int Standard Electric Corp Vor antenna
GB2274953A (en) * 1993-02-09 1994-08-10 Derek John Phipps Navigation system incorporating screened two-loop antenna
EP0961346A1 (de) * 1998-05-26 1999-12-01 Societe Technique D'application Et De Recherche Electronique Starec Antennensystem für Funkpeilung
US8228258B2 (en) 2008-12-23 2012-07-24 Skycross, Inc. Multi-port antenna
US20140266888A1 (en) 2013-03-15 2014-09-18 US Gov't Represented by Secretary of the Navy Chief of Naval Research Office of Counsel ONR/NRL Electromagnetic vector sensors (emvs) apparatus method and system

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
A. NEHORAI; E. PALDI: "Vector Sensor Processing for Electromagnetic Source Localization", PROC. 25TH ASILOMAR CONF. SIGNAIS, SYST. COMPUT., November 1991 (1991-11-01), pages 566 - 572

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3767741A1 (de) 2019-07-15 2021-01-20 Thales Kugelantenne
FR3099002A1 (fr) 2019-07-15 2021-01-22 Thales Antenne sphere
WO2022042648A1 (zh) * 2020-08-30 2022-03-03 华为技术有限公司 天线装置和无线设备

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR3045838A1 (fr) 2017-06-23
EP3182512B1 (de) 2024-02-21
FI3182512T3 (fi) 2024-05-23
SG10201610559UA (en) 2017-07-28
FR3045838B1 (fr) 2020-05-22

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