EP3181893A1 - Système de génération d'énergie et mécanisme à mouvement alternatif pour système de génération d'énergie - Google Patents

Système de génération d'énergie et mécanisme à mouvement alternatif pour système de génération d'énergie Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3181893A1
EP3181893A1 EP15832194.3A EP15832194A EP3181893A1 EP 3181893 A1 EP3181893 A1 EP 3181893A1 EP 15832194 A EP15832194 A EP 15832194A EP 3181893 A1 EP3181893 A1 EP 3181893A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electric power
power generation
reciprocating
motion
generation system
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP15832194.3A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3181893A4 (fr
Inventor
Shinichi Nishiura
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Nishikaze Giken KK
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Nishikaze Giken KK
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Priority claimed from JP2014164159A external-priority patent/JP2015017614A/ja
Priority claimed from JP2014221736A external-priority patent/JP2015017622A/ja
Application filed by Nishikaze Giken KK filed Critical Nishikaze Giken KK
Priority claimed from PCT/JP2015/072361 external-priority patent/WO2016024520A1/fr
Publication of EP3181893A1 publication Critical patent/EP3181893A1/fr
Publication of EP3181893A4 publication Critical patent/EP3181893A4/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
    • H02K7/1807—Rotary generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/16—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem"
    • F03B13/18—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore
    • F03B13/1845—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom slides relative to the rem
    • F03B13/1855—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom slides relative to the rem where the connection between wom and conversion system takes tension and compression
    • F03B13/186—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom slides relative to the rem where the connection between wom and conversion system takes tension and compression the connection being of the rack-and-pinion type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/16—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem"
    • F03B13/20—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" wherein both members, i.e. wom and rem are movable relative to the sea bed or shore
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D15/00—Transmission of mechanical power
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/28—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being a pump or a compressor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/10—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
    • H02K7/116—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters with gears
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2210/00—Working fluid
    • F05B2210/16—Air or water being indistinctly used as working fluid, i.e. the machine can work equally with air or water without any modification
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/91—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure
    • F05B2240/917—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure attached to cables
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/93—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a structure floating on a liquid surface
    • F05B2240/931—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a structure floating on a liquid surface which is a vehicle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/40—Transmission of power
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/40—Transmission of power
    • F05B2260/406—Transmission of power through hydraulic systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/728—Onshore wind turbines

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electric power generation system that generates electric power by using the flow of a fluid that occurs in the natural world, such as winds, tides, waves, river flow, and the like.
  • the present invention relates to a wind electric power generation system, a wave electric power generation system, and a reciprocating mechanism that is used for the electric power generation systems.
  • an electric power generation system In existing wind power, in order to achieve high power generation efficiency, the entirety of an electric power generation system is disposed in an upper part of a tower that receives winds. That is, all of a blade, a rotor, and an electric power generation mechanism are disposed in the upper part of the tower, and electric power is generated in the upper part of the tower (see, for example, PTLs 1 and 2).
  • the weight of the electric power generation mechanism accounts for about 70% of the weight of the entire system, when the electric power generation mechanism is disposed in the upper part of the tower, not only the total weight of the system becomes heavy but also the system becomes unstable because the center of gravity of the system is at an excessively high position.
  • the wind electric power generation system is located in a harsh natural environment, the system needs to have a strong structure that can withstand strong winds of a typhoon or the like. Therefore, the existing wind electric power generation system has problems in that the facility cost is considerably high and it is not possible to use a simple design. Moreover, if the system is damaged, the repair cost is considerably high. For these reasons, wind electric power generation has not become as widespread as expected.
  • an oscillating-water-column wave electric power generation system described in NPL 1 uses a method in which an air chamber is formed in an apparatus and an air turbine is rotated by using oscillatory flow of air that is caused by up-and-down motion of the sea surface. Accordingly, with this method, a heavy electric power generation mechanism is disposed in the apparatus, and therefore the entirety of the apparatus needs to be sufficiently strong so that the apparatus can withstand abnormal waves of a typhoon or the like.
  • this method has a problem in that the facility cost increases considerably.
  • it is necessary to install a heavy electric power generation mechanism in the apparatus and, as a result, the entirety of the apparatus needs to be sufficiently strong so that the apparatus can withstand abnormal waves of a typhoon or the like.
  • all of the existing methods have problems in that the facility cost is excessively high and it is not possible to use a simple design. For these reasons, wave electric power generation also has not become as widespread as expected.
  • the present inventor focused on the fact that, in existing electric power generation systems of this type, the electric power generation mechanism has been located in a harsh environment and found that, by locating the electric power generation mechanism at a site remote from the harsh environment, it is possible to considerably reduce the facility cost and to increase the power generation efficiency (benefit-cost ratio) of an electric power generation system in its entirety without excessively sacrificing the design of the power generation system.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide an electric power generation system that is prevented from being subjected to abnormal winds or abnormal waves of a typhoon or the like by locating an electric power generation mechanism, which converts the energy of a flowing fluid, such as wind power or wave power into electric power, at a site different from a site that receives the energy of a flowing fluid, such as wind power or wave power.
  • Another object of the present invention is to reduce the total weight of devices that are located at a site that receives wind power, wave power, or the like by locating an electric power generation mechanism at a different site that does not receive abnormal winds and abnormal waves of a typhoon or the like, and, as a result, to provide an electric power generation system with which the facility cost needed to take safety measures against abnormal winds and abnormal waves of a typhoon or the like (such as prevention of breakage of the wind electric power generation device or drifting of the wave electric power generation device) can be reduced and for which a simple design can be used.
  • the present invention is primarily characterized in that the electric power generation mechanism is not directly located at a site that receives the energy of a flowing fluid, such as wind power or wave power, but is located at a different site that is remote from the site that receives the energy of the fluid.
  • a mechanism that transmits the energy of a flowing fluid such as wind power or wave power
  • the present inventor focused on a wire cable, which has both toughness and flexibility, as a mechanism for transmitting the energy of a flowing fluid, such as wind power or wave power, to the electric power generation mechanism.
  • the energy of a flowing fluid such as wind power or wave power
  • the electric power generation mechanism which is located at a different site, converts the reciprocating motion of the wire cable into rotational motion and generates electric power.
  • the wire cable it is possible to transmit the energy of a flowing fluid, such as wind power or wave power, to the electric power generation mechanism located at a different site.
  • a tubular outer cable is disposed between the fluid receiving mechanism and the electric power generation mechanism; an inner cable, which has both toughness and flexibility, is inserted through the outer cable; the inner cable is connected to the fluid receiving mechanism and to the electric power generation mechanism; the inner cable is made to perform reciprocating motion in the outer cable in accordance with motion of the fluid receiving mechanism; and the reciprocating motion is transmitted to the electric power generation mechanism.
  • a flowing fluid such as wind power or wave power
  • both end portions of the inner cable which are connected to the receiving mechanism and the electric power generation mechanism, need to have structures that can efficiently receive the energy.
  • the present inventor exposed both end portions of the inner cable from the outer cable; attached mechanical power transmission elements, having rigidity, to the exposed portions; connected the mechanical power transmission elements respectively to the receiving mechanism and to the electric power generation mechanism; and attached tubular guide members, which guide the mechanical power transmission elements so as to be reciprocatingly movable, respectively to the receiving mechanism side and to the electric power generation mechanism side.
  • the inner cable can efficiently receive the energy of a fluid from the receiving mechanism and transmit energy to the electric power generation mechanism, and, as a result, the present inventor achieved the aforementioned object of reliably transmitting the energy of a fluid.
  • Wind electric power generation systems have a specific problem in that the orientation of the receiving mechanism (to be specific, the blade or the rotor shaft) changes in accordance with the wind direction.
  • the present inventor enabled wind energy to be reliably transmitted to the inner cable even if the orientation of the receiving mechanism changes in accordance with the wind direction, and thereby solved the problem specific to wind electric power generation.
  • Wave electric power generation systems have a specific problem in that, when the sea surface rises, a float receives large wave power and the inner cable can move upward in accordance with the rise of the sea surface, but the response of the float is low when the sea surface falls, because the specific gravity of the float is smaller than that of seawater.
  • the present inventor disposed a plate member in the receiving mechanism so that a gap is formed between the plate member and the lower surface of the float on the sea surface, and allowed seawater to enter the gap between the float and the plate member.
  • the float can responsively move downward when the sea surface falls, and the problem is solved.
  • the plate member does not have a negative effect on the response when the sea surface rises, because the plate member is normally in seawater when the sea surface rises as the plate member is disposed below the float and seawater is present between the float and the plate member.
  • Wave electric power generation systems have another specific problem in that the amplitude of up-and-down motion of the sea surface and the reference position of the up-and-down motion vary considerably due to various reasons such as the tide and the height of waves.
  • the electric power generation mechanism converts the up-and-down motion into unidirectional rotational motion by using gears and the like including a one-way clutch mechanism so that the mechanical power transmission shaft of the electric power generation mechanism can constantly rotate in one direction, and thereby the problem specific to the wave electric power generation system was solved.
  • an electric power generation system includes a fluid receiving mechanism that is disposed in a region that receives a flowing fluid and that performs motion selected from a group consisting of rotational motion and reciprocating motion in accordance with a flow of the fluid, a reciprocating mechanism that is connected to the fluid receiving mechanism and that performs reciprocating motion on the basis of the motion of the fluid receiving mechanism, and an electric power generation mechanism that is disposed in a region different from the region in which the fluid receiving mechanism is disposed and that converts the reciprocating motion of the reciprocating mechanism into electric power.
  • the reciprocating mechanism includes a tubular outer cable that is disposed between the fluid receiving mechanism and the electric power generation mechanism; and an inner cable that is inserted through the outer cable, that is connected to the fluid receiving mechanism and to the electric power generation mechanism, that performs reciprocating motion in the outer cable in accordance with the motion of the fluid receiving mechanism, and that transmits the reciprocating motion to the electric power generation mechanism.
  • the term "flowing fluid” mainly means, for example, a wind, the tide, a sea wave, river flow, or the like, which naturally (not artificially) occurs.
  • the meaning of the term does not exclude a fluid that flows artificially, such as seawater that flows in accordance with movement of a ship or a flow of an artificially made fluid (such as a liquid used in a factory or the like).
  • a region that receives a flow means a region that directly receives a flow of such a fluid, which is, for example, a region where strong winds blow and that is suitable for wind electric power generation or a region where the tide and sea waves occur and that is suitable for wave electric power generation.
  • transforms motion selected from a group consisting of rotational motion and reciprocating motion in accordance with a flow of the fluid means, for example, rotation of a blade that receives wind power or up-and-down bobbing of a float that receives the tide or sea waves:
  • the phrase "performs reciprocating motion on the basis of the motion of the fluid receiving mechanism” means that, in a case where the fluid receiving mechanism is performing rotational motion, for example, the rotational motion is converted into reciprocating motion via a piston-crank mechanism or the like.
  • the phrase means performing reciprocating motion in accordance with the reciprocating motion.
  • the phrase "disposed in a region different from the region in which the fluid receiving mechanism is disposed” means, in other words, disposing in a facility or an apparatus that is physically different from and remote from a facility or an apparatus in which the fluid receiving mechanism is disposed.
  • the electric power generation mechanism is not disposed at this position but is disposed on a part of the ground that is remote from the region and that does not substantially receive wind power.
  • the phrase means disposing not at this position but on a part of land remote from the position.
  • the phrase "disposed in a region different from the region in which the fluid receiving mechanism is disposed”, is not necessarily limited to a region on land.
  • the electric power generation mechanism is "disposed in a region different from the region in which the fluid receiving mechanism is disposed" as long as the electric power generation mechanism is disposed at a different place in the ship, the yacht, or the like via the reciprocating mechanism.
  • the conversion method is not limited.
  • wind electric power generation in a case where the amplitude of reciprocating motion is constant, for example, the reciprocating motion can be converted into rotational motion by using a piston-crank mechanism or the like and can be converted into electric power.
  • wave electric power generation in a case where the amplitude of up-and-down motion varies, the up-and-down motion is converted into unidirectional rotational motion by using gears and the like, which include a one-way clutch mechanism, and this is converted into electric power.
  • the aforementioned method converts reciprocating motion into rotational motion.
  • it is also possible to convert reciprocating motion into electric power without converting into rotational motion note that, because the technology for directly converting reciprocating motion into electric power is a known technology, description of the technology is omitted here).
  • the reciprocating mechanism transmits the motion of the fluid receiving mechanism to the electric power generation mechanism, which is disposed at a site different from the fluid receiving mechanism.
  • the basic structure of the reciprocating mechanism is constituted by the inner cable and the outer cable.
  • the "inner cable” is interconnected to a device of the fluid receiving mechanism that performs rotational motion or a device of the fluid receiving mechanism that performs reciprocating motion and a device of the electric power generation mechanism that rotates, performs reciprocating motion in accordance with the rotational motion or the reciprocating motion of the fluid receiving mechanism, and has a function of transmitting the reciprocating motion to the device of a power generation member that rotates.
  • a material having rigidity (toughness) that can withstand continuous reciprocating motion is required.
  • the path from the fluid receiving mechanism to the electric power generation mechanism is not necessarily straight but is supposed to be curved and long. Therefore, a material and a structure having flexibility with which the inner cable can adapt to such cases are required.
  • an inner cable having these characteristics is an inner cable that is made of one or more materials selected from a group consisting of a metal such as a stainless steel, a carbon material, a resin, and a synthetic fiber and that has one or more structures made of the one or more materials and selected from a group consisting of a single wire, a stranded wire, and a composite structure of the single wire and the stranded wire.
  • An inner cable can have these characteristics by forming one or more cover layers in an outer part of the inner cable, each of the cover layers being made of one or more materials selected from a group consisting of a metal, a carbon material, a resin, and a synthetic fiber and having one or more structures selected from a single layer, a mesh structure layer, a wound-wire layer, and a composite structure of the layers.
  • the outer cable is tubular, is disposed between the fluid receiving mechanism and the electric power generation mechanism, and allows the inner cable, which is inserted through the outer cable, to smoothly perform reciprocating motion.
  • the outer cable is made of one or more materials selected from a group consisting of a metal such as a stainless steel, a carbon material, a resin, and a synthetic fiber and includes one or more layers made of the one or more materials and selected from a group consisting of a single layer, a wound-wire layer, a mesh structure layer, and a composite of the layers.
  • examples of the outer cable include an outer cable having four layers of interwoven fibers, which are a liner, a steel wire, a fiber mesh braid, and a clear coating.
  • an inner surface of the outer cable is coated with a fluorocarbon resin or the like to reduce the coefficient of friction between the outer cable and the inner cable and to provide the outer cable with a self-lubricating function so that the inner cable can smoothly perform reciprocating motion.
  • the outer surface of the outer cable is processed with waterproofing and ultraviolet-resistant coating so that the outer cable may not deteriorate or degenerate, because the outer surface of the outer cable is exposed to harsh climate conditions.
  • the inner cable is disposed so as to be slidable relative to the outer cable.
  • one or both of the outer surface of the inner cable and the inner surface of the outer cable may be coated with a coating for reducing friction (for example, a fluorocarbon resin coating).
  • a space between the inner surface and the outer cable may be filled with a liquid for reducing friction or for absorbing frictional heat. Because seawater or water vapor in the external air easily enters the space between the inner surface and the outer cable, preferably, the outer surface of the inner cable and the inner surface of the outer cable are waterproofed.
  • the inner cable or the outer cable is made of a metal material, it is effective to perform swaging (hardening) to increase the hardness of the material.
  • the surface of the outer cable is processed with ultraviolet-resistant coating, waterproofing, salt-proofing, or a combination of the processes, because the outer surface is exposed to the external air.
  • the reciprocating mechanism including the inner cable and the outer cable is supposed to have a curved path, because the reciprocating mechanism is disposed between the fluid receiving mechanism and the electric power generation mechanism. Therefore, preferably, the outer cable includes a curved portion corresponding to the path, and the inner cable performs reciprocating motion while passing through the curved portion.
  • the lengths of the inner cable and the outer cable are set in accordance with the distance between the fluid receiving mechanism and the electric power generation mechanism, and the inner cable and the outer cable can be used for any length from a short distance to a long distance.
  • the inner cable and the outer cable can be used in any environment, such as underwater, underground, or midair environment.
  • the reciprocating mechanism includes the outer cable and the inner cable.
  • the outer cable and the inner cable are not limited to only one set. It is needless to say that the reciprocating mechanism may include a plurality of sets of outer cables and inner cables, and may output power to the electric power generation mechanism by combining the outputs of these cables.
  • the reciprocating mechanism includes the tubular outer cable and the inner cable, which is inserted through the outer cable. Both end portions of the inner cable are exposed from the outer cable, and a rigid first mechanical power transmission element is attached to one of the exposed end portions.
  • a first tubular guide member that contains and supports the first mechanical power transmission element is disposed on the fluid receiving mechanism side so that the first mechanical power transmission element can perform reciprocating motion.
  • a rigid second mechanical power transmission element is attached to the other exposed end portion of the inner cable.
  • a second tubular guide member that contains and supports the second mechanical power transmission element is disposed on the electric power generation mechanism side so that the second mechanical power transmission element can perform reciprocating motion.
  • the motion of the fluid receiving mechanism When transmitting the motion of the fluid receiving mechanism to the reciprocating mechanism, the motion of the fluid receiving mechanism is not directly received by one end portion of the flexible inner cable but is received by the rigid first mechanical power transmission element, and thereby the first mechanical power transmission element efficiently transmits the motion of the fluid receiving mechanism to the inner cable.
  • the term "rigid” refers to the quality of a material that is not easily deformed when receiving the motion of the fluid receiving mechanism.
  • the shape of the mechanical power transmission element is generally cylindrical but is not limited to this.
  • the first tubular guide member is a tubular member that guides the reciprocating motion of the first mechanical power transmission element.
  • the term “rigid” refers to the quality of material that is not easily deformed when transmitting the motion of the inner cable to the electric power generation mechanism.
  • the mechanical power transmission element is generally cylindrical but is not limited to this.
  • the second tubular guide member is a tubular member that guides the reciprocating motion of the second mechanical power transmission element.
  • an electric power generation mechanism converts a reciprocating mechanism into rotational motion and generates electric power on the basis of the rotational motion.
  • a method of directly generating electric power on the basis of reciprocating motion without converting the reciprocating motion into rotational motion is known. This method can be also applied to the present invention.
  • the flowing fluid is a wind
  • the fluid receiving mechanism is disposed in a region that receives the wind and performs rotational motion in accordance with motion of the wind
  • the reciprocating mechanism performs the reciprocating motion on the basis of the rotational motion of the receiving mechanism.
  • the rotational motion of the fluid receiving mechanism is temporarily converted into reciprocating motion, and the reciprocating motion is reconverted into rotational motion.
  • the wind electric power generation system includes a mechanism that changes the orientation of the fluid receiving mechanism in accordance with a change in the wind direction, and a connection portion that connects the fluid receiving mechanism and the reciprocating mechanism includes a mechanism that transmits the rotational motion of the fluid receiving mechanism to the reciprocating mechanism without transmitting motion corresponding to the change in the orientation of the fluid receiving mechanism.
  • the wind receiving mechanism In order to locate the wind receiving mechanism of wind electric power generation in midair, where wind power is large, the wind receiving mechanism is disposed in an upper part of a post. By disposing the post on a vibration-damping base, a negative effect of wind power on the post can be reduced by using the vibration-damping base.
  • the post may include one ore more elastically deformable intermediate portions each of which is made from rubber, a spring, or the like.
  • a portion of the post above the intermediate portions that is, a portion in which the wind receiving mechanism is disposed, is swingable. Therefore, when the wind receiving mechanism receives excessive wind power, the wind power can be reduced.
  • the fluid receiving mechanism is disposed in the upper part of the tower, and the electric power generation mechanism, which is heavy, is not disposed in the upper part. Therefore, the weight of the upper part can be reduced.
  • a tower including a vibration-damping base and an elastically deformable intermediate portion made from rubber, a spring, or the like can be easily designed at a low cost.
  • the flowing fluid is seawater;
  • the fluid receiving mechanism includes a float that is disposed on a sea surface and that performs up-and-down motion in accordance with up-and-down motion of the sea surface and a plate member that is disposed below the float with a gap, which allows seawater to flow thereinto, between the float and the plate member; and the inner cable is connected to the float.
  • the float has buoyancy with which the float floats on the surface of seawater, and performs up-and-down motion in accordance with up-and-down motion of the sea surface. When the sea surface rises, the float responsively moves upward in accordance with the rising force.
  • the responsiveness of the float to the fall of the sea surface is low. Therefore, a member that has a surface facing the float is disposed below the float; a gap, which allows seawater to flow thereinto, is formed between the float and the surface facing the float; and the weight of the float is increased by using seawater that has entered and fully occupied the gap.
  • responsiveness of the float when the sea surface falls is increased, the inner cable can appropriately move downward also when the sea surface falls, and this motion can be efficiently transmitted to the electric power generation mechanism.
  • it is sufficient that a surface that is separated from the float with a gap therebetween is formed below the float.
  • the surface is not limited to a planar surface and may be a curved surface, such as a concave surface, an irregular surface, or the like. It is sufficient that the member having this surface has a surface that faces a surface or the float. Examples of such a member also include a member having a side surface and a member in which a hole is formed.
  • the tide receiving mechanism includes a float that performs up-and-down motion in accordance with up-and-down motion of the sea surface and that is different from the float of the fluid receiving mechanism and up-and-down motion transmitting means that transmits the up-and-down motion of the float to the fluid receiving mechanism.
  • the up-and-down motion of the tide receiving mechanism is transmitted to the wave power receiving mechanism.
  • the stroke of the up-and-down motion of the wave power transmission mechanism can be made smaller than a change in the tide level, and the size of the wave power transmission mechanism can be made compact.
  • the width of the reciprocating motion of the inner cable is not constant and the reference position of the reciprocating motion changes. Therefore, in the electric power generation mechanism, it is effective to use a mechanism including a combination of a gear mechanism and a rack as a mechanism for converting reciprocating motion of the inner cable into rotational motion.
  • the electric power generation mechanism includes a rack that includes a tooth array and that moves in a first direction and a second direction in accordance with the reciprocating motion of the reciprocating mechanism, a gear mechanism that meshes with the tooth array and rotates on the basis of movement of the rack in at least one of the first direction and the second direction, a mechanical power transmission shaft that rotates in accordance with rotation of the gear mechanism, and an electric power generator that generates electric power on the basis of rotation of the mechanical power transmission shaft; and the electric power generation mechanism can convert reciprocating motion of the inner cable into rotational motion and can efficiently generate electric power on the basis of the rotational motion.
  • the gear mechanism includes a first gear train that meshes with the tooth array and that rotates the mechanical power transmission shaft on the basis of movement of the rack in the first direction, and a second gear train that meshes with the tooth array and that rotates the mechanical power transmission shaft on the basis of movement of the rack in the second direction.
  • the first gear train includes an odd number of gears
  • the second gear train includes an even number of gears
  • a rotation direction in which the first gear train rotates the mechanical power transmission shaft when the rack moves in the first direction coincides with a rotation direction in which the second gear train rotates the mechanical power transmission shaft when the rack moves in the second direction.
  • the first gear train includes a first gear including a first unidirectional clutch that transmits mechanical power generated by the movement of the rack in the first direction to the mechanical power transmission shaft and that does not transmit mechanical power generated by the movement of the rack in the second direction to the mechanical power transmission shaft, and the second gear train transmits mechanical power generated by the movement of the rack in the second direction to the mechanical power transmission shaft and transmits mechanical power generated by the movement of the rack in the first direction to the mechanical power transmission shaft.
  • water such as waterflow that occurs around a ship or river flow
  • the fluid receiving mechanism performs rotational motion in accordance with waterflow that occurs around a ship or river flow
  • the reciprocating mechanism performs the reciprocating motion on the basis of the rotational motion of the receiving mechanism
  • the electric power generation mechanism can generate electric power by converting the reciprocating motion into rotational motion.
  • the electric power generation mechanism which converts the energy of a flowing fluid, such as wind power or wave power, into electric power, is located at a site different from a site that receives the energy of the flowing fluid, such as wind power or wave power, and thereby the entirety of the electric power generation system is prevented from being subjected to abnormal winds or abnormal waves of a typhoon or the like.
  • the electric power generation mechanism of the electric power generation system is located at a site different from a site that receives the energy of a flowing fluid, such as wind power or wave power, the number of devices that are located at a site subjected to abnormal winds and abnormal waves of a typhoon or the like can be reduced to the minimum and the weight of the devices can be reduced.
  • the inner cable moves along the inner wall of the outer cable. Therefore, even if the shape of the outer cable is not straight but is curved, a displacement at one end of the inner cable occurs at the other end.
  • a displacement at one end of the inner cable occurs at the other end.
  • the inner cable is slidably inserted through the outer cable and has a flexible structure.
  • the reciprocating mechanism can transmit energy.
  • the features of the present invention in which the freedom in location conditions is increased, provides a great advantage in that, in constructing an electric power plant, the cost of setting up the system is reduced and limitation on the location reduced.
  • the motion converter which includes a crank mechanism or a gear convert mechanism and which has a lightweight structure, is disposed instead of an electric power generator.
  • the electric power generator can be located at any appropriate position on land, it is possible to use a large electric power generator or a general-purpose electric power generator. Needless to say, this is effective for improving the economical efficiency of wind electric power generation.
  • the post instead of a strong material, as a part or the entirety of the post, the post itself can absorb vibrations caused by an impact of a typhoon and the like, and it is possible to reduce the risk that the post becomes broken.
  • a vibration damper, a vibration-damping base, or the like it can be expected that low-frequency vibrations, which are causing environment problems, are reduced.
  • the electric power generation system in wave electric power generation, only the energy converter is located near the bottom of a cliff. Therefore, the electric power generation system has an advantage in that it does not have problems regarding the navigation safety of ships and the fishing environment, in contrast to existing technologies, with which a massive facility is located at a site where fishing boats and the like pass, such as an offshore site or the inside of the bay.
  • the electric power generation system in wave electric power generation, construction of the electric power generation device, which converts reciprocating energy transmitted by the reciprocating mechanism into electric power, and the surrounding plant is performed not on the sea where construction work is difficult, as in existing technologies, but on land. Therefore, the electric power generation system has an advantage in that construction is easily and an increase in construction cost can be avoided.
  • the motion converter that has a simple structure and includes a propeller for receiving water power, a rotor unit, and a crank mechanism or a gear conversion mechanism, instead of an electric power generator, is disposed in water. Therefore, waterproofing and the like can be easily performed and the size of the water electric power generation system can be reduced.
  • the electric power generator can be disposed on the deck of a ship or the like. Therefore, a large electric power generator or a general-purpose electric power generator can be used. Needless to say, this increases the practicality of marine water power generation, reduces base load cost, and increases the economic efficiency of ship navigation.
  • FIG. 1 is an overall schematic view of a wind electric power generation system.
  • the wind electric power generation system includes a wind receiving mechanism (10), a reciprocating mechanism (20), and an electric power generation mechanism (30).
  • the wind receiving mechanism (10) includes a rotation mechanism (40), which is rotated by wind power, and a post (50), which is used to dispose the rotation mechanism at a high position.
  • the rotation mechanism (40) differs from known wind electric power generation systems in that it does not have an electric power generation mechanism, such as an electric power generator or a speed increasing device. In other respects, the rotation mechanism (40) is substantially the same as known electric power generation systems.
  • the rotation mechanism (40) includes a blade (41), a hub (42), a rotor wheel (246), a wind-direction-adjustment device (44), a brake device (not shown), an anemometer (not shown), a lightning rod (not shown), and the like. Detailed descriptions of the structures and functions of these devices, which are substantially the same as those of known electric power generation systems, are omitted.
  • the post (50) is set up on an area on the ground via a base (51), including a vibration damping rubber and the like.
  • a spiral spring-shaped portion (52), which includes a vibration damping rubber and the like, is disposed in a middle part of the post.
  • the base (51) and the spring-shaped portion (52) absorb low-frequency vibrations.
  • the post (50) includes a wind pressure reducer (53), which is made of an elastically deformable rubber or the like, in a middle part (intermediate portion) thereof. When receiving a wind pressure of a predetermined level or higher, the wind pressure reducer (53) becomes curved due to the wind pressure in a direction such that the wind pressure is reduced.
  • an upper part of the post when receiving excessive wind power, an upper part of the post, above the intermediate portion, swings so that the post may not become broken or the wind receiving mechanism, which is disposed in the upper part of the post, may not become seriously damaged.
  • the wind electric power generation system can reliably withstand a harsh environment.
  • the weight of the receiving mechanism is reduced by separating the electric power generation mechanism from the receiving mechanism. Therefore, the cost of the receiving mechanism is low, although the base (51), including a vibration damping rubber and the like, the spring-shaped portion (52), and the wind pressure reducer (53) are attached.
  • the reciprocating mechanism (20) converts rotational motion generated by the wind receiving mechanism (10) into reciprocating motion, and transmits the reciprocating motion to the electric power generation mechanism (30).
  • the details of the reciprocating mechanism (20) will be described below with reference to FIG. 2 and other figures.
  • the electric power generation mechanism (30) is located at a site different from that of the rotation mechanism (40), which is located on the post (50). For example, the electric power generation mechanism (30) is located on a part of land that is not affected by a harsh natural environment.
  • the electric power generation mechanism (30) generates electric power by converting reciprocating motion, which is transmitted from the rotation mechanism (40), into rotational motion.
  • the electric power generation mechanism (30) has substantially the same structure as those of known wind electric power generation mechanisms, except that the electric power generation mechanism (30) is located at a site different from that of the wind receiving mechanism (10), such as on land, and except that the electric power generation mechanism (30) includes a mechanism that converts reciprocating motion into rotational motion.
  • the electric power generation mechanism (30) includes a speed increasing device (31), a mechanical power transmission wheel (32), and an electric power generator (33). Electric power generated by the electric power generator is transmitted to a transformer, a transformer substation, and a transmission substation. Alternatively, the electric power may be stored in an electrical storage device. Detailed descriptions of the structures, functions, and operations of the apparatuses and facilities of the electric power generation mechanism, which are substantially the same as those of known electric power generation mechanisms, are omitted here.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrate a mechanical power transmission mechanism for transmitting mechanical power from the rotation mechanism (40) of the wind receiving mechanism (10) to the reciprocating mechanism (20) and a mechanical power transmission mechanism for transmitting mechanical power from the reciprocating mechanism (20) to the electric power generation mechanism (30).
  • a piston-crank mechanism (45) which converts rotation of the rotor wheel (246) into reciprocating motion, is attached to the rotation mechanism (40).
  • the piston-crank mechanism (45) includes a piston (45(a)) and a crank (45(b)).
  • the piston (45(a)) is guided by a pair of guide shafts (10b), which are attached to a housing (10a) of the wind receiving mechanism (10), so that the piston (45(a)) can perform reciprocating motion.
  • the crank (45(b)) connects the rotor wheel (246) and the piston (45(a)). With such a structure, the piston (45(a)) performs reciprocating motion along the guide shafts (10b) in accordance with rotational motion of the rotor wheel (246).
  • the housing (10a) is placed on a base (10c) via a bearing (10d), and when the wind direction changes, the wind-direction-adjustment device (44) rotates relative to the base (10c) due to a rotational force generated by receiving the wind. Due to the rotation, the orientation of the housing (10a), that is, the orientation of the blade (41) is changed.
  • the reciprocating mechanism (20) is connected to the piston (45(a)) of the piston-crank mechanism (45) and performs reciprocating motion together with the piston (45(a)).
  • the mechanical power transmission mechanism for transmitting mechanical power from the reciprocating mechanism (20) to the electric power generation mechanism (30) basically has a structure opposite to that of the mechanical power transmission mechanism for transmitting mechanical power from the rotation mechanism (40) of the wind receiving mechanism (10) to the reciprocating mechanism (20). That is, reciprocating motion of the reciprocating mechanism (20) is converted into rotational motion via a piston crank (30a) of the electric power generation mechanism (30).
  • the piston crank (30a) includes a piston (30aa) and a crank (30ab).
  • the piston (30aa) is guided by a pair of guide shafts (30c), which are attached to a housing (30b), so that the piston (30aa) can perform reciprocating motion.
  • the crank (30ab) connects the mechanical power transmission wheel (32), which is connected to the speed increasing device (31), and the piston (30aa).
  • the piston (30aa) performs reciprocating motion along the guide shafts (30c) in accordance with reciprocating motion of the reciprocating mechanism (20).
  • the mechanical power transmission wheel (32) performs rotational motion in accordance with the reciprocating motion of the piston (30aa).
  • the reciprocating mechanism (20) includes an inner cable (21) and a tubular outer cable (22).
  • the outer cable (22) is disposed between the wind receiving mechanism (10) and the electric power generation mechanism (30).
  • the inner cable (21) is inserted through the outer cable (22) and connected to the wind receiving mechanism (10) and to the electric power generation mechanism (30).
  • the inner cable (21) performs reciprocating motion in the outer cable (22) and transmits the reciprocating motion to the electric power generation mechanism. Both end portions of the inner cable (21) are exposed from the outer cable (22).
  • FIG. 5 shows enlarged views of a mechanical power transmission portion for transmitting mechanical power from the rotation mechanism (40) of the wind receiving mechanism (10) to the reciprocating mechanism (20).
  • FIG. 5(a) corresponds to FIG. 2
  • FIG. 5(b) corresponds to FIG. 3
  • FIG. 5(a) is an enlarged view of both end portions of the reciprocating mechanism (20).
  • Both end portions (21a) and (21b) of the inner cable (21) are exposed from the outer cable (22) (regarding the numeral 21b, see FIG. 6(a) ).
  • Rigid mechanical power transmission elements (23) and (24) are respectively attached to both exposed end portions (21a) and (21b) of the inner cable (21) so as to be coaxial with the inner cable.
  • rigid tubular guides (25) and (26) are disposed in the housing (10a) of the wind receiving mechanism (10) and the housing (30b) of the electric power generation mechanism (30).
  • the tubular guides (25) and (26) contain the mechanical power transmission elements (23) and (24) and guide the mechanical power transmission elements (23) and (24) so that the mechanical power transmission elements (23) and (24) can move (or can slide) in the axial direction.
  • the rotational motion of the wind receiving mechanism (10) is reliably transmitted to the inner cable (21), and the reciprocating motion of the inner cable (21) is reliably transmitted to the rotation mechanism of the electric power generation mechanism (30).
  • the mechanical power transmission elements (23) and (24) and the tubular guides (25) and (26) can be made from, for example, a metal material.
  • the tubular guide (25) is fixed to the housing (10a) directly or via another member.
  • the tubular guide (26) is fixed to the housing (30b) directly or via another member.
  • the inner cable (21) can be prevented from becoming buckled at both end portions (21a) and (21b) of the inner cable (21), which are exposed from the outer cable (22).
  • the wind receiving mechanism (10) has a function of changing its orientation in accordance to the wind direction. Therefore, twisting of the inner cable (21) may occur.
  • twisting of the inner cable (21) is prevented by using a structure shown in an enlarged view of FIG. 6(b) .
  • the piston (45(a)) includes a containing portion (46) (containing space).
  • the containing portion (46) has an opening in its end surface facing the reciprocating mechanism (20).
  • the containing portion (46) includes an enlarged diameter portion (46(a)), which is inside the containing portion (46) and which has a diameter larger than that of the opening in the end surface.
  • a connection member (47) is attached to an end portion of the tubular guide (25).
  • the connection member (47) includes a protruding portion (48) on a side opposite to a surface to which the tubular guide (25) is attached.
  • the protruding portion (48) has a shape that is complementary to the containing portion (46), that is, a shape in which a distal end portion (48a) has an enlarged diameter.
  • the distal end portion (48a) is contained in the enlarged diameter portion (46(a)) of the containing portion (46).
  • a gap is formed between the protruding portion (48) and the containing portion (46), and thereby the protruding portion (48) can rotate in the containing portion (46).
  • a bearing (10e) is disposed on an end surface of the connection member (47) facing the piston (45(a)).
  • the piston (45(a)) can rotate relative to the connection member (47), while movement (extraction) of the connection member (47) relative to the piston (45(a)) in the up-and-down direction in FIG. 6(b) is suppressed. That is, it is possible to connect the piston (45(a)) and the inner cable (21) while preventing twisting of the inner cable (21) due to rotation of the wind receiving mechanism (10).
  • a guide member (49) is attached to the piston (45(a)).
  • the guide member (49) has a pair of through-holes (49a) through which the guide shafts (10b) are inserted.
  • FIG. 7 is a sectional view of another example of a piston-crank mechanism.
  • a piston-crank mechanism (245) includes a piston (245(a)), a rotor wheel (246) that rotates together with a rotor shaft (43), a crank (247) that connects the piston (245(a)) and the rotor wheel (246), a cylinder (248) that contains the piston (245(a)) so that the piston (245(a)) can perform up-and-down motion, and a connection member (249) that is contained in the cylinder (248) together with the piston (245(a)).
  • the tubular guide (25) and the mechanical power transmission element (23) are connected to one end of the connection member (249).
  • a protruding portion (250) which includes a distal end portion (250a) having an enlarged diameter, is disposed at the other end of the connection member (249).
  • the piston (245(a)) has a containing portion (251), which has a shape complementary to the protruding portion (250).
  • the containing portion (251) includes an enlarged diameter portion (251a), which has a larger diameter so that the distal end portion (250a) can be fitted into the enlarged diameter portion (251a), and the distal end portion (250a) is contained in the enlarged diameter portion (251a).
  • a gap is formed between the protruding portion (250a) and the containing portion (251a), and thereby the protruding portion (250) can rotate in the containing portion (251).
  • a bearing (252) is disposed on an end surface of the connection member (249) facing the piston (245(a)).
  • the piston (245(a)) moves up and down in the cylinder (248). Also with the structure shown in FIG. 7 , it is possible to connect the piston (245(a)) and the inner cable (21) while preventing twisting of the inner cable (21) due to rotation of the wind receiving mechanism (10).
  • FIG. 8 is an overall schematic view of a wave electric power generation system.
  • the wave electric power generation system includes a wave power receiving mechanism (110), a reciprocating mechanism (120), and an electric power generation mechanism (130).
  • the wave power receiving mechanism (110) is configured so that a float (111) is disposed in a sea-surface region and moves up and down in accordance with up-and-down motion the sea surface.
  • the reciprocating mechanism (120) transmits the up-and-down motion of the float (111) as reciprocating motion
  • the electric power generation mechanism (130) converts the reciprocating motion into rotational motion, and thereby electric power is generated.
  • the electric power generation mechanism (130) includes a mechanism that converts reciprocating motion into rotational motion (this mechanism will be described in detail below with reference to FIGS. 13 and 14 ), a mechanical power transmission shaft (134), a speed increasing device (135), and an electric power generator (136). Electric power generated by the electric power generator (136) is transmitted to a transmission substation via a transformer and a transformer substation. Alternatively, the electric power may be stored in an electrical storage device.
  • the structures, functions, and operations of apparatuses and facilities of the electric power generation mechanism are substantially the same as those of known electric power generation mechanisms, except that a mechanism for changing reciprocating motion into rotational motion is provided. Therefore, detailed descriptions are omitted here.
  • FIGS. 9 and 10 illustrate a connection mechanism that connects the wave power receiving mechanism (110) of the wave electric power generation system and the reciprocating mechanism (120).
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a state when the sea surface falls
  • FIG. 10 illustrates a state when the sea surface rises.
  • the wave power receiving mechanism (110) one or more guide rings (114) are attached to the float (111).
  • One or more guide rods (113) are attached to a housing (112), which is attached to a wall that is in contact with the sea surface, in the up-and-down direction (the direction in which the sea surface rises and falls.
  • the guide rods (113) are inserted through the guide rings (114).
  • the guide rods (113) guide the float (111) via the guide rings (114) in the up-and-down direction.
  • the float (111) moves up and down in accordance with up-and-down motion of the sea surface.
  • a plate member (117) which has a facing surface (116) facing the float (111) with a predetermined distance therebetween, is attached to a portion below the float (111).
  • a gap which allows seawater to flow thereinto, is formed between the float (111) and the facing surface (116).
  • An opening (112a) is formed in a bottom plate of the housing (112).
  • the numeral 115 denotes an upper plate member that is attached to the upper surface of the float (111).
  • the reciprocating mechanism (120) includes inner cables (121) and tubular outer cables (122), through which the inner cables (121) are inserted.
  • the inner cables (121) can perform reciprocating motion (for example, while sliding) in the outer cables (122).
  • Lower end portions of the inner cables, which are connected to the wave power receiving mechanism (110), are exposed from the outer cables (122).
  • Rigid mechanical power transmission elements (123) are attached to the exposed end portions of the inner cables (121) so as to be coaxial with the inner cables (121).
  • the mechanical power transmission elements (123) are attached to the upper plate member (115).
  • Tubular guides (124) are disposed in the housing (112), and the mechanical power transmission elements (123) perform reciprocating motion in the tubular guides (124).
  • the seawater in the space between the lower surface of the float (111) and the upper surface (116) of the plate member (117) functions as a weight when the sea surface falls and thereby increases the response of the float and increases the force that moves the float (111) downward.
  • the reciprocating mechanism (120) can effectively perform reciprocating motion.
  • a spring or the like may be disposed in the vicinity of a connection portion between the float (111) and the reciprocating mechanism (120). By doing so, it is possible to provide a mechanism that adjusts, by using the force of the spring, the difference in response (the difference in torque) between a time when the sea surface rises and a time when the sea surface falls.
  • FIG. 11 illustrates a connection mechanism according to another embodiment, which is different from the connection mechanism shown in FIGS. 8 , 9 , and 10 .
  • the connection mechanism shown in FIGS. 8 , 9 , and 10 has a structure in which the wave power receiving mechanism, which is a fluid receiving mechanism, is directly attached to a wall that is in contact with the sea surface.
  • the wave power receiving mechanism is not directly attached to the wall in contact with the sea surface but is attached to the wall via a tide receiving mechanism (190).
  • the tide receiving mechanism (190) includes a pair of guide rods (113a) that are fixed, in the up-and-down direction, to the wall in contact with the sea surface via a fixing member (not shown), guide rings (114a) through which the guide rods (113a) are inserted so that the guide rings (114a) can perform up-and-down motion, and floats (111a) that are attached to the guide rings (114a).
  • the housing (112) has an upper plate extending toward the floats (111a), and the floats (111a) are attached to the extended parts of the upper plate (112b) (corresponding to up-and-down motion transmitting means in the present invention).
  • the floats (111a) When the tide receiving mechanism (190) is attached to the wave power receiving mechanism, the floats (111a), which are attached to the guide rods (113a) via the guide rings (114a), move up and down in accordance with change in the tide level.
  • the up-and-down motion is transmitted to the wave power receiving mechanism.
  • the tide receiving mechanism includes a pair of guide rods.
  • the tide receiving mechanism may include one guide rod or three or more guide rods.
  • the guide rods are disposed at positions that oppose each other.
  • the guide rods may be disposed side by side.
  • the embodiment presented in the present specification is a wave electric power generation system including one set of an inner cable and an outer cable.
  • the wave electric power generation system may include two or more sets of inner cables and outer cables.
  • the electric power generation system by using a combination of plurality of fluid receiving mechanisms and reciprocating mechanisms so as to combine power to at least one reciprocating mechanism, the combined reciprocating motion may be transmitted to the electric power generation mechanism.
  • the electric power generation system by using a combination of a plurality of fluid receiving mechanisms so as to combine power, it is possible to increase the energy, to realize an appearance taking the environment into account, and to increase the mass-productivity of facilities.
  • FIG. 12 illustrates an example of such a wave electric power generation system in use.
  • the wave electric power generation system includes a housing (170) in which the electric power generation mechanism (130) and the like are contained, a plurality of the wave power receiving mechanisms (110), and a plurality of the reciprocating mechanisms (120) that connect the housing (170) and the wave power receiving mechanisms (110).
  • the housing (170) is disposed on an upper surface (180a) of a breakwater (180).
  • the wave power receiving mechanisms (110) are attached to a side surface (180b) of the breakwater (180) and lower parts of the wave power receiving mechanisms (110) are immersed in seawater.
  • the housing (170) includes a power-combining mechanism (not shown) that combines mechanical power that is transmitted via the reciprocating mechanisms (120).
  • the power-combining mechanism is, for example, a mechanism that connects the inner cable (121) of each of the reciprocating mechanism (120) to a rack (132) illustrated in FIG. 13 .
  • the electric power generation mechanism (130) can generate large electric power, because the mechanical power combined by the power-combining mechanism is greater than the mechanical power from each of the wave power receiving mechanisms (110).
  • the mechanical power transmission element (123) and the tubular guide (124) may be made from, for example, a metal material.
  • the inner cable (121) can be prevented from becoming buckled at end portions of the inner cable (121), which are exposed from the outer cable (122).
  • each of the wave power receiving mechanisms (110) shown in FIG. 12 is slightly changed in design from the wave power receiving mechanism illustrated in FIGS. 9 and 10 .
  • the structures of these mechanisms are substantially the same and the functions of these mechanisms are also substantially the same. Therefore, portions having substantially the same structures are denoted by the same numerals and the detailed descriptions are omitted here.
  • the difference in design between the wave power receiving mechanisms illustrated in FIG. 12 and the wave power receiving mechanism illustrated in FIGS. 9 and 10 is that, in the wave power receiving mechanism illustrated in FIG.
  • guide holes (114') are formed in the four corners of the float (111), and the guide rods (113), which are attached to the housing (112) in the up-and-down direction (in which the sea surface rises and falls), are inserted through the guide holes (114').
  • Another difference is that two reciprocating mechanisms are connected to the float (111) in FIGS. 9 and 10 , while one reciprocating mechanism is connected to each of the floats (111) in FIG. 12 .
  • FIG. 13 illustrates an example of a mechanism that converts reciprocating motion of the reciprocating mechanism (120) into rotational motion of the electric power generation mechanism (130).
  • An end portion of the inner cable (121) on the electric power generation mechanism side is exposed from the outer cable (122), and the rigid mechanical power transmission element (125) is attached to this end portion so as to be coaxial with the inner cable.
  • the mechanical power transmission element (125) and the tubular guide (126) may be made from, for example, a metal material.
  • the inner cable (121) can be prevented from becoming buckled at end portions of the inner cable (121), which are exposed from the outer cable (122).
  • a rack-and-pinion mechanism illustrated in FIG. 13 may be applied to the electric power generation mechanism (130).
  • the electric power generation mechanism (130) includes a slider (131), the rack (132), and a gear mechanism (133).
  • the slider (131) includes, for example, a large number of rollers (131a) that are arranged along a line.
  • the rack (132) is placed on the rollers (131a) and is connected to the mechanical power transmission element (125) of the reciprocating mechanism (120). Due to the reciprocating motion of the inner cable (121), the rack (132) moves in a first direction (D1) and in a second direction (D2), which is opposite to the first direction (D1), on the slider (131).
  • D1 first direction
  • D2 second direction
  • the first direction (D1) is a direction in which the rack (132) moves when the inner cable (121) is pushed due to the rise of the sea surface
  • the second direction (D2) is a direction in which the rack (132) moves when the inner cable (121) is pulled due to the fall of the sea surface.
  • the slider (131) and the rack (132) each have a sufficiently large length in the first direction (D1) and the second direction (D2) so that they can accommodate changes in the position of the sea surface caused by the tide or the like.
  • the rack (132) extends in a direction that crosses the first direction (D1) and the second direction (D2) and includes a first tooth array (132a) having a plurality of rack teeth and a plurality of second tooth arrays (132b).
  • the second tooth array (132b) is disposed at a higher position than the first tooth array (132a), that is, at a position close to the mechanical power transmission shaft (134).
  • the gear mechanism (133) meshes with the tooth array of the rack (132) and rotates the mechanical power transmission shaft (134) on the basis of movement of the rack (132) in at least one of the first direction (D1) and the second direction (D2).
  • the gear mechanism (133) includes a first gear train (161), which meshes with the first tooth array (132a) and rotates the mechanical power transmission shaft (134) on the basis of movement of the rack (132) in the first direction (D1); and a second gear train (162), which meshes with the second tooth array (132b) and rotates the mechanical power transmission shaft (134) on the basis of movement of the rack (132) in the second direction (D2). That is, in the present embodiment, the mechanical power transmission shaft (134) is rotated on the basis of movements of the rack (132) in both of the first direction (D1) and the second direction (D2).
  • the first gear train (161) includes an odd number of (in FIG. 13 , three) gears
  • the second gear train (162) includes an even number of (in FIG. 13 , two) gears.
  • the rotation direction (R) in which the first gear train (161) rotates the mechanical power transmission shaft (134) when the rack (132) moves in the first direction (D1) coincides with the rotation direction (R) in which the second gear train (162) rotates the mechanical power transmission shaft (134) when the rack (132) moves in the second direction (D2).
  • the gear (161a) includes a first one-way clutch (unidirectional clutch) that transmits mechanical power generated by movement of the rack (132) in the first direction (D1) to the mechanical power transmission shaft (134) and that does not transmit mechanical power generated by movement of the rack (132) in the second direction (D2) to the mechanical power transmission shaft (134).
  • the gear (162a) includes a second one-way clutch that transmits mechanical power generated by movement of the rack (132) in the second direction (D2) to the mechanical power transmission shaft (134) and that does not transmit mechanical power generated by movement of the rack (132) in the first direction (D1) to the mechanical power transmission shaft (134).
  • the rack (132) has the first tooth array (132a) and the second tooth array (132b).
  • the rack (132) may have only one type of tooth array, and, by adjusting the diameter of gears included in the first gear train (161) and the second gear train (162), the difference in the height between the rack (132) and the mechanical power transmission shaft (134), which occurs due to the difference in the number of gears, may be accommodated.
  • the electric power generation efficiency decreases, only one type of gear train may be used, and the mechanical power transmission shaft (134) may be rotated only in one of the time when the sea surface rises and the time when the sea surface falls.
  • An elastic member which connects an end portion of the rack (132) opposite to an end portion to which the mechanical power transmission element (125) is attached and a structure that does not move together with the rack (132), may be disposed.
  • the elastic member is pulled and stores elastic energy when the rack (132) moves in the second direction (D2), and the elastic energy of the elastic member may assist movement of the rack (132) when the rack (132) moves in the first direction (D1).
  • a weight that stores potential energy when the rack (132) moves in the second direction (D2) may be connected to an end portion of the rack (132), and the potential energy may be used to assist movement of the rack (132) in the first direction (D1).
  • FIG. 14 illustrates another connection mechanism that converts reciprocating motion of the reciprocating mechanism (120) into rotational motion of the electric power generation mechanism (130), part (a) is a plan view, and part (b) is a side view.
  • the electric power generation mechanism (130) includes a rack (140) and a gear mechanism (141).
  • the rack (140) is placed, for example, on a slider. Due to the reciprocating motion of the inner cable (121), the rack (140) moves in the first direction (D1) and in the second direction (D2), which is opposite to the first direction (D1).
  • the rack (140) includes a first tooth array (140a) and a second tooth array (140b), each having a plurality of rack teeth, on both side surfaces.
  • the gear mechanism (141) meshes with the tooth arrays of the rack (140) and rotates the mechanical power transmission shaft (134) on the basis of movement of the rack (140) in at least one of the first direction (D1) and the second direction (D2).
  • the gear mechanism (141) includes a first gear (142) that meshes with the first tooth array (140a), a second gear (144) that is connected to the first gear (142) via a shaft (143), a third gear (145) that meshes with the second tooth array (140b), a fourth gear (147) that is connected to the third gear (145) via a shaft (146), and a fifth gear (148) that meshes with the second gear (144) and the fourth gear (147).
  • the mechanical power transmission shaft (134) is connected to the fifth gear (148).
  • the second gear (144) includes a first one-way clutch that allows the second gear (144) to be rotated by mechanical power that is transmitted from the shaft (143) when the rack (140) moves in the first direction (D1) and that does not allow the second gear (144) to be rotated by mechanical power that is transmitted from the shaft (143) when the rack (130) moves in the second direction (D2).
  • the fourth gear (147) includes a second one-way clutch that allows the fourth gear (147) to be rotated by mechanical power that is transmitted from the shaft (146) when the rack (140) moves in the second direction (D2) and that does not allow the fourth gear (147) to be rotated by mechanical power that is transmitted from the shaft (146) when the rack (140) moves in the first direction (D1).
  • FIGS. 15 and 16 illustrate an example of a water electric power generation system for a ship.
  • FIG. 15 illustrates the structure of the system seen from a side of the ship
  • FIG. 16 illustrates the structure of the system when seen from the front of the ship.
  • a screw (201) (corresponding to a receiving mechanism in the present invention) is fixed to the ship via a joint or the like, and the screw (201) is rotated by waterflow that is generated as the ship moves, flow of sea water or river water, or the like.
  • the screw (201) may be a simple propeller.
  • an Archimedes' screw is used to increase the efficiency.
  • FIG. 15 illustrates an Archimedes' screw.
  • a machine chamber (202), which is watertight, is connected to this rotation.
  • a rotor unit and a simple lightweight motion converter which coverts rotational motion into reciprocating motion by using a crank mechanism, a gear-change mechanism, or the like, are disposed. Because an example of this structure has been described in detail in the description of the wind electric power generation system, description of the structure will be omitted here.
  • Energy that has been converted into reciprocating motion in the machine chamber (202) is transmitted to a motion converter (206) (constituting a part of an electric power generation mechanism in the present invention), which is located at any appropriate position on the ship deck, via a reciprocation transmitting cable (corresponding to a reciprocating mechanism in the present invention).
  • the reciprocation transmitting cable which corresponds to a reciprocating mechanism in the present invention and which transmits a displacement of one end portion of the cable to the other end portion of the cable, is not limited to a combination of an inner cable (203) and an outer cable (204).
  • a hydraulic cable which uses oil pressure, or the like can be used.
  • the transmitted reciprocating energy is converted by the motion converter (206) into rotational energy and drives an electric power generator (207) (constituting a part of an electric power generation mechanism in the present invention).
  • the numeral (208) denotes a spring, and the reciprocating torque of the inner cable (203) is adjusted by the spring.
  • the numeral (205) denotes joints that fix the reciprocating-energy transmitting cable to the hull
  • the numeral (210) denotes a joint that fixes the screw to the hull.
  • the numeral (209) denotes the water surface.
  • the present invention is not limited to these embodiments and can be also applied to an electric power generation system that utilizes, for example, river flow.
  • the present invention can be effectively applied not only to a large electric power generation facility but also to a small electric power generation facility, such as a small emergency electric power generation system for driving LED lighting or an oscillator, a small home electric power generation system utilizing wind power or wave power, and an electric power generation system for leisure activities.
  • An electric power generation system and an electric power generation plant in which an energy transmitting cable, which includes an outer cable and an inner cable that is slidably inserted into the outer cable, is used to transmit reciprocating motion obtained from natural energy.
  • the outer cable of the energy transmitting cable according to claim 1 has a structure including at least one layer that is one or a combination of a single layer, a mesh structure layer, and the like and the outer cable has flexibility and rigidity, and wherein a material of the outer cable includes one or a combination of a resin, a metal, a carbon material, and a synthetic fiber.
  • an energy combining unit combines reciprocating energy that is transmitted by a plurality of facilities in each of which the energy transmitting cable is connected to the energy converter according to claim 1 or 2, which converts natural energy into reciprocating motion, and wherein the combined reciprocating energy is transmitted to an electric power generation facility that converts the reciprocating energy into electric power by using at least one or more energy transmitting cables.
  • An energy transmission cable for transmitting reciprocating energy in an electric power generation system that converts natural energy into electric power
  • the energy transmission cable comprising: an outer cable that is made of a material that is one or a combination of a resin, a metal, a carbon material, and a synthetic fiber and that has a structure including at least one or more layers, each of the layers being one or a combination of a single layer, a mesh-structure layer, and the like and having flexibility and rigidity; and an inner cable that is inserted into the outer cable so as to be slidable, that is made of a material including at least one of a metal, a carbon material, and a synthetic fiber, and that has a structure of a single wire, a stranded wire, or a composite structure of a single wire and a stranded wire so as to have flexibility and rigidity.
  • Japanese Patent Application No. 2014-221736 Japanese Patent Application No. 2014-221736
  • An electric power generation system for converting natural energy into electric power comprising: a mechanical power converter that converts rotational energy into reciprocating energy; and a mechanical power converter that converts reciprocating energy into rotational energy.
  • the electric power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the mechanical power converter of the electric power generation system according to claim 1, which converts rotational energy into reciprocating energy, converts rotational energy that a rotor unit including a screw, a propeller, and the like generates by converting natural energy into reciprocating energy, and wherein the mechanical power converter of the electric power generation system according to claim 1 that converts reciprocating energy into rotational energy converts reciprocating energy transmitted by a reciprocating energy transmitting cable into rotational energy.
  • a natural energy source is wind power or an airflow that occurs around an automobile or a ship.
  • the electric power generation system for converting natural energy into electric power according to any one of claims 1, 2, 3, and 4, wherein the mechanical power converter that converts rotational energy into reciprocating energy uses one of a crank mechanism, a Scotch yoke mechanism, and a rack-and-pinion mechanism, and wherein the mechanical power converter that converts reciprocating energy into rotational energy uses one of a crank mechanism, a Scotch yoke mechanism, and a rack-and-pinion mechanism.
  • 10 wind receiving mechanism 10a housing of wind receiving mechanism, 10b guide shaft, 10c base, 10d bearing, 10e bearing, 20 reciprocating mechanism, 21 inner cable, 21a one of exposed end portions of inner cable, 21b the other exposed end portion of inner cable, 22 outer cable, 23 mechanical power transmission element, 24 mechanical power transmission element, 25 tubular guide, 26 tubular guide, 30 electric power generation mechanism, 30a piston crank, 30aa piston, 30ab crank, 30b housing, 30c guide shaft, 31 speed increasing device, 32 mechanical power transmission wheel, 33 electric power generator, 40 rotation mechanism, 41 blade, 42 hub, 43 rotor shaft, 44 wind-direction-adjustment device, 45 piston-crank mechanism, 45(a) piston, 45(b) crank, 46 containing portion, 46(a) enlarged diameter portion, 47 connection member, 48 protruding portion, 48a distal end portion, 49 guide member, 49a through-hole, 50 post, 51 base, 52 spiral spring-shaped portion, 53 wind pressure reducer, 110 wave power receiving mechanism, 111 float, 111a
EP15832194.3A 2014-08-12 2015-08-06 Système de génération d'énergie et mécanisme à mouvement alternatif pour système de génération d'énergie Withdrawn EP3181893A4 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2014164159A JP2015017614A (ja) 2014-08-12 2014-08-12 発電システム及び発電プラント
JP2014221736A JP2015017622A (ja) 2014-10-30 2014-10-30 発電システム
JP2015154005A JP5926428B2 (ja) 2014-08-12 2015-08-04 発電システム及び発電システム用往復運動機構
PCT/JP2015/072361 WO2016024520A1 (fr) 2014-08-12 2015-08-06 Système de génération d'énergie et mécanisme à mouvement alternatif pour système de génération d'énergie

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JP2016094941A (ja) 2016-05-26

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