EP3180163A1 - Dispositif et procédé de découpe par jet - Google Patents

Dispositif et procédé de découpe par jet

Info

Publication number
EP3180163A1
EP3180163A1 EP15759385.6A EP15759385A EP3180163A1 EP 3180163 A1 EP3180163 A1 EP 3180163A1 EP 15759385 A EP15759385 A EP 15759385A EP 3180163 A1 EP3180163 A1 EP 3180163A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cutting
medium
jet
abrasive
supply port
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP15759385.6A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3180163B1 (fr
Inventor
Thomas Hassel
Hans Jürgen Maier
David ZAREMBA
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
Original Assignee
Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Leibniz Universitaet Hannover filed Critical Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
Publication of EP3180163A1 publication Critical patent/EP3180163A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3180163B1 publication Critical patent/EP3180163B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C1/00—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
    • B24C1/003—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods using material which dissolves or changes phase after the treatment, e.g. ice, CO2
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C1/00—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
    • B24C1/04—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods for treating only selected parts of a surface, e.g. for carving stone or glass
    • B24C1/045—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods for treating only selected parts of a surface, e.g. for carving stone or glass for cutting

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a jet cutting device for separating materials by means of a cutting jet according to the features of claim 1 and a corresponding jet cutting method according to claim 10.
  • the invention relates to the field of material separation by means of a jet of cutting in the form of a liquid jet.
  • a jet of cutting in the form of a liquid jet.
  • water jet cutting is known.
  • an abrasive can be added to the water, for example garnet or corundum.
  • the remaining particles of Abrasivm ittels but disturbing. Although this can be counteracted by the possibility of collecting abrasive material present in the cutting jet, this increases the expense again.
  • the kinetic residual energy of the cutting jet, and in particular the abrasive still remaining after the impact on the workpiece must be absorbed in a suitable manner.
  • self-dissolving abrasive materials such as ice particles.
  • DD 298 618 A5 discloses a method of cutting with high pressure water ice crystal.
  • DE 197 56 506 A1 discloses a method for abrasive water jet cutting, in which dry ice is used as the abrasive. Again, the water used as a cutting medium is disturbing in many cases, since it must be disposed of after the cutting process.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a jet cutting device and a jet cutting method with which a residue-free jet cutting can be performed.
  • a jet cutting device for separating materials by means of a cutting jet
  • the jet cutting device comprises at least one cutting head adapted for discharging the cutting jet onto the material to be cut, the cutting head having at least a first supply port for supplying a cutting medium in liquid form and at least one second supply port for supplying a abrasive agent to be added to the cutting medium in solid form wherein the first supply port is coupled to a first supply line carrying a liquefied gas and the second supply port is coupled to a second supply line carrying as abrasive a solidified solidified gas.
  • a cutting jet a mixture of the cutting medium and the abrasive is then discharged from the cutting head.
  • the invention has the advantage that a gas is used for both the liquid cutting medium and for the abrasive, that is, a substance or mixture, which is by definition under standard conditions (temperature 20 ° C, pressure 1 bar) in gaseous state.
  • a gas is used for both the liquid cutting medium and for the abrasive, that is, a substance or mixture, which is by definition under standard conditions (temperature 20 ° C, pressure 1 bar) in gaseous state.
  • the abrasive can be supplied in the form of particles, ie as abrasive particles.
  • the invention is particularly suitable for mobile applications, for example for cutting carbon fiber compounds and for use in bio-medical technology.
  • Another advantage is that the solid abrasive particles thermal stabilization by the liquefied by cooling gas, which as
  • Cutting medium is used, experienced.
  • Such gases have the property that under certain conditions of pressure and temperature they can be in both liquid and solid form and can be mixed together accordingly.
  • the gas used to form the abrasive can be a different gas than the gas of the cutting medium.
  • the same gas is used for the cutting medium and the abrasive, that is, the cutting medium and the abrasive form the same gas in the gaseous state.
  • the use of non-combustible gases is advantageous.
  • carbon dioxide is suitable for forming the liquid cutting medium and / or the abrasive. Carbon dioxide has the advantage that it is relatively low in technical Expenditure can be made in liquid and solid form. The temperatures required for this are still in a range that is manageable with reasonable technical effort. Another advantage is that the carbon dioxide is non-flammable and also has a flame retardant effect.
  • the liquid cutting medium can be provided, for example, in a storage container, for example in a so-called riser bottle, or it can be produced locally in the area of the jet cutting device by a gas liquefying device. Accordingly, the first supply line is connected to either the reservoir or the gas liquefying device.
  • the abrasive can also be kept ready in a separate separate storage container provided for this purpose or can be produced on site in the area of the jet cutting device by a gas-solidification device. Accordingly, the second supply line is connected to the further reservoir or the gas-solidification device.
  • the first and the second supply line well insulated and optionally form temperature controlled.
  • the jet cutting device in particular its cutting head, has an expansion chamber in which the abrasive medium is admixed with the liquid cutting medium.
  • the jet cutting device has at least one with respect to the passage cross-section narrowed first transition point through which the liquid Cutting medium from the first supply port is guided in the expansion chamber. In this way, the liquid cutting medium can be supplied under high pressure via the first supply port to the cutting head and expanded to a pressure level at which mixing with the abrasive can be performed.
  • the expansion chamber is at the same time a mixing chamber in which the mixture of liquid cutting medium and abrasive is provided.
  • a liquid cutting medium which transports the abrasive particles
  • improved cutting conditions and thus a higher cutting performance can be achieved compared to a gaseous transport medium.
  • larger, sharp-edged abrasive particles can be transported and optimally accelerated by the liquid cutting medium. In this way, the abrasive particles reach the material to be separated at high impact speed.
  • the cutting performance can be further increased.
  • the abrasive particles can be provided in the reservoir or by the gas-solidification device already in the desired size and sharp-edged outer shape. It is also possible to first have the abrasive ready in larger pieces or one or a few larger blocks and then to convert it via a comminuting device into the desired particles of a specific size and sharp-edgedness.
  • a crusher for example, a crusher can be used.
  • the expansion chamber has, at an exit side for the abrasive medium mixed with the cutting medium, a second transition point which is narrowed with regard to the passage cross-section and into an outlet pipe of the cutting head.
  • Cutting beam and therefore can also be referred to as a focusing tube.
  • the cutting head has at least one temperature-controlled chamber.
  • at least the expansion chamber can be arranged within the temperature-controlled chamber. This has the advantage that it can be ensured by means of temperature control that neither the cutting medium nor the abrasive prematurely change their state of aggregation. The cutting medium is thereby kept liquid, the abrasive held in solid form.
  • the jet cutting device has at least a third supply port for supplying a gaseous medium under pressure, which is connected to a compressed gas reservoir and / or a compressed gas generator, wherein within the jet cutting device, the expansion chamber and / or the second supply line to the third Feed port is connected.
  • a desired pressure can be set and maintained in the expansion chamber.
  • the abrasive can be acted upon by the same pressure of the pressure gas.
  • a fluid flow is created by the pressure drop caused by the flow in the expansion chamber due to the exiting cutting jet and the subsequent flow medium, which entrains the supplied via the second supply line abrasive particles.
  • compressed air can be used as compressed gas.
  • the cutting head or an outlet pipe of the cutting head has a fourth supply port arranged downstream of the first and / or second supply port for supplying a gaseous medium under overpressure, which is supplied directly or via a first pressure reducer with a compressed gas supply and / or a compressed gas generator is connected.
  • a defined, preferably low pressure gradient in the cutting head or the outlet pipe can be set in the region in which the liquid cutting medium with the abrasive agent is to be accelerated in as homogeneous a movement as possible.
  • the cutting head or an outlet pipe of the cutting head has a fifth supply connection arranged downstream of the fourth supply connection for supplying a gaseous medium under overpressure which is supplied directly or via a second pressure reducer with a compressed gas supply and / or a pressure gas generator is connected.
  • This has the advantage that the cutting medium held in the liquid state up to the fourth supply port can be converted into the gaseous phase in a defined manner at a location between the fourth and the fifth supply port by selecting a suitable pressure difference between the fourth and the fifth supply port.
  • a jet cutting method for separating materials by means of a cutting jet wherein a abrasive medium in solids form are fed to a liquid cutting medium, wherein the cutting medium is a liquefied gas and the abrasive consists of a gas solidified in solid form.
  • the method is carried out by means of a jet cutting device of the type described above.
  • the liquid cutting medium is guided under high pressure through a feed tube to a nozzle of a cutting head, in particular the cutting head of A jet cutting device of the type described above.
  • a liquid cutting jet is produced, which is guided for lowering the pressure in an expansion can, in which the abrasive medium is added to the liquid cutting medium.
  • the expansion chamber with a pressurized gaseous medium for example, with compressed air, are acted upon.
  • At least the expansion chamber is temperature-controlled such that the liquid
  • Cutting medium and the solid abrasive, at least in the expansion chamber does not immediately change the state of matter.
  • a relative negative pressure relative to the pressure in the expansion chamber is generated, through which the liquid cutting medium is accelerated with the admixed abrasive without changing the phase state.
  • Figure 1 - a schematic representation of a jet cutting device
  • FIG. 2 shows details of the jet cutting device according to FIG. rich of the cutting head
  • Figure 3 - a phase transition diagram for carbon dioxide.
  • FIG. 1 shows a jet cutting device 1 with a cutting head 3, from which a cutting jet 2 is delivered to a workpiece 4 to be separated.
  • the cutting jet 2 exits at an exit point 10 from a focusing tube 9 of the cutting head 3.
  • the focusing tube 9 serves to guide and focus the output cutting beam. 2
  • the cutting head 3 has a first supply port 31 for supplying a liquid cutting medium to the cutting head 3, a second supply port 32 for supplying an abrasive medium to be added to the cutting medium and a third supply port 33 for supplying a gaseous medium under pressure, hereinafter referred to as compressed gas becomes.
  • the first supply port 31 is connected to a device 21 via a supply line 11.
  • the second supply port 32 is connected to a device 22 via a second supply line 12.
  • the third supply port 33 is connected to a device 23 via a third supply line 13.
  • the device 21 can be designed as a storage container, for example as a riser, for the liquid cutting medium, or as a gas liquefying device for the gas to be liquefied into the liquid cutting medium.
  • the device 21 may additionally have a reservoir, for example for the intermediate storage of liquefied gas.
  • a reservoir for example for the intermediate storage of liquefied gas.
  • the liquefied gas as Cutting medium supplied to the cutting head 3.
  • the device 21 may comprise a high-pressure pump, for example a high-pressure pump of conventional design, with which the liquid cutting medium is compressed to the operating pressure.
  • the device 22 may be formed as a storage container for the abrasive or as a gas solidification device for converting the gas from which the Abrasiv-agent is formed in solid form. If the device 22 is designed as a gas solidification device, it may additionally have a reservoir for the generated abrasive, for example as a buffer. Via the second supply line 12, the solidified gas is fed as an abrasive to the cutting head 3.
  • the device 23 may be formed as a reservoir for the compressed gas or as a pressure gas generator, for example as a compressor.
  • the pressurized gas may in particular be compressed air. If the device 23 is designed as a compressed gas generator, it may additionally have a reservoir, for example, for temporary storage of the generated compressed gas.
  • the supply lines 1 1, 12, 13 shown in the figure 1 in the form of individual lines can be shorter or longer depending on the design of the jet cutting device. In particular, they may be so short that one or more of the devices 21, 22, 23 are wholly or partially integrated in the cutting head 3 or flanged thereto. In particular, in the case of longer design of the supply lines 1 1, 12, it is advantageous to thermally isolate them well and / or provided with a cooling device, in particular a temperature-controlled cooling device.
  • the cutting head 3 a handle 34th at which it is held at the jet cutting.
  • the cutting head 3 shows the cutting head 3 with the first, the second and the third supply line 1 1, 12, 13 and the device 22 in an enlarged, detailed sectional view. It can be seen that the jet cutting device can be operated with three different temperature levels ⁇ , T2 and T3 as well as two different pressure levels P1, P2.
  • the cutting head 3 has an expansion chamber 7, to which the liquid cutting medium is supplied via the first supply line 11 and the first supply port 31.
  • the supply to the expansion chamber 7 takes place via a first transition point 6 narrowed in the passage cross-section, e.g. in the form of a nozzle. Through the first transition point 6, the pressure is reduced from the value P1 to the value P2.
  • the expansion chamber 7 particles of the abrasive medium are supplied to the cutting medium via the second supply line 12 and the second supply port 32. Furthermore, the expansion chamber 7 is supplied with the compressed gas from the device 23 via the third supply line 13 and the third supply port 33.
  • the expansion chamber 7 is at the same pressure level P2 as the areas that carry the abrasive, that is, the device 22 and the second supply line 12th
  • the abrasive mixed with the cutting medium passes through a nozzle 8 in the focusing tube 9 and emerges as a cutting jet 2 at the exit point 10 thereof.
  • FIG. 3 shows a phase transition diagram for carbon dioxide.
  • the temperature is plotted along the linearly scaled abscissa in degrees Celsius, along the logarithmically scaled ordinate the pressure in cash.
  • the line 40 is the sublimation line, the line 41 the
  • Melting line and line 42 the saturation line.
  • the carbon dioxide is in the region above the melting line and the sublimation line in the solid state, between the melting line and the saturation line in the liquid state and below the saturation line and the sublimation line in the gaseous state.
  • the reference numeral 43 denotes the triple point of the diagram, the reference numeral 44 the critical point.
  • the jet cutting device 1, as explained above, can be operated as a cutting medium with a high-pressure liquid temperature-controlled CO2 medium.
  • This may be provided, for example, at 0 ° C at 3000 bar (corresponding to point 37 in Figure 3), or at 20 ° C at 4000 bar (corresponding to point 38 in Figure 3).
  • the CO2 medium provided in this way is guided through the first supply line 11 into the first supply port 31 through first transition point 6, in which a liquid jet of the cutting medium is produced at a lower pressure level.
  • the state of the cutting medium after emerging from the first transition point 6 is shown in the figure 3 by the point 39. There is thus a transition from point 37 to 39 or from point 38 to point 39.
  • the solid CO 2 particles are supplied to this liquid cutting medium as an abrasive. These already have an output that is suitable for jet cutting. The effect may occur that the abrasive particles increase on the way through the focusing tube 9 due to the attachment of freezing liquid cutting medium.
  • an operating point at -57 ° C and 7 bar pressure can be set, corresponding to the point 39 in Figure 3.
  • the cooling chamber may, for example, have cooling coils through which a liquid cooling medium, for example glycol or R134a, is conveyed.
  • a liquid cooling medium for example glycol or R134a
  • the flow of liquid and solid CO 2 is passed through a second transition point 8 into the focusing tube 9, in which due to the leaving of the cooled environment and the positive pressure difference between the expansion chamber 7 and the environment, a nozzle effect set so that at the end of the focusing tube 9, the flow of liquid and solid CO2 and the compressed air escapes accelerated.
  • the solid CO2 particles undergo thermal stabilization by the liquid CO2 cutting medium.
  • the effect is utilized that the carbon dioxide has a triple point as a function of pressure and temperature, that is, the carbon dioxide in the solid state and in the liquid state at the same temperature and pressure next to each other.
  • the phase transition (liquid to gaseous or solid to gaseous) takes place after completion of the cutting process after separation and cooling of the cutting region of the workpiece 4.
  • only gaseous carbon dioxide remains over from the cutting jet 2.
  • a residue-free jet cutting is possible.
  • FIG. 4 shows a further embodiment of the jet cutting device, wherein a detailed representation similar to FIG. 2 is used.
  • the cutting head 3 has, in the region of the outlet pipe 9, a fourth feed circuit 56 and as a further option a fifth supply port 57 on.
  • the fourth supply port 56 is connected via a first pressure reducer 54 via lines 51, 52 with a pressurized gas supply, for example with the pressurized device 22 or the compressed gas supply 23.
  • the fifth supply port 57 is connected via a second pressure reducer 55 via lines 51, 53 with a Compressed gas supply connected, for example, with the device under pressure 22 or the compressed gas supply 23rd
  • a pressure gradient is to be created with respect to the second supply port 32 or the expansion chamber 7.
  • the pressure present at the fourth supply port 34 should be slightly lower than the pressure present at the second transfer port 8.
  • a pressure reduction is required if both bodies are fed from the same pressure reservoir, as shown in FIG.
  • the first pressure reducer 54 with respect to the fourth supply port 56 and the second pressure reducer 55 with respect to the second supply port 57 serve for this purpose.
  • the pressure reducers 54, 55 can be designed as a throttle or diaphragm with a fixed or adjustable cross section.
  • the fourth supply port 56 Via the fourth supply port 56, only a slightly lower pressure than at the transition point 8 is generated. Due to this slight pressure difference, eg in the range of 0.1 bar, the liquid cutting medium mixed with the abrasive can be accelerated up to the fourth supply port 56 without a phase transition taking place, ie the liquid cutting medium remains in the liquid phase. Only after the fourth supply connection 56 can a transition of the liquid cutting medium into the gaseous phase take place. If the fifth supply port 57 is not provided, this can be done simply by increasing the pressure downstream of the fourth supply port 56 to the atmospheric level in the region of the exit point 10.
  • the fifth supply port 57 If the fifth supply port 57 is present, it can be fed there by feeding Further, in this case considerably lower pressure value than at the fourth supply port 56, the transition into the gaseous phase can be controlled even more precisely. Thus, for example, if a pressure of 15 bar is present at the transition point 8, a pressure of 5 bar can be fed via the fifth supply port 57.
  • the fourth supply port 56 is advantageously, in relation to the longitudinal extent L of the outlet tube 9 between the transition point 8 and the exit point 10, arranged in the lower half of the longitudinal extent L, e.g. at the transition to the lower third. In this way, a relatively long acceleration distance for the liquid cutting medium is provided in combination with the abrasive, in which this can be accelerated in a defined manner without gaseous turbulence.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de découpe par jet destiné à séparer des matériaux au moyen d'un jet de coupe ; le dispositif de découpe par jet d'encre comprend au moins une tête de coupe qui est adaptée pour délivrer en sortie le jet de coupe sur le matériau à séparer ; la tête de coupe comporte au moins un premier raccord d'amenée qui sert à amener un milieu de découpe sous forme fluide et au moins un deuxième raccord d'amenée qui sert à amener un agent abrasif, à ajouter au milieu de découpe, sous forme solide ; le premier raccord d'amenée est accouplé à un premier d'amenée qui guide un gaz liquéfié, et le deuxième raccord d'amenée est accouplé à un second conduit d'amenée qui guide un gaz solidifié sous forme de substance solide servant d'agent abrasif. L'invention concerne également un procédé de découpe par jet correspondant.
EP15759385.6A 2014-08-14 2015-07-24 Dispositif et procédé de découpe par jet Active EP3180163B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102014111639.9A DE102014111639A1 (de) 2014-08-14 2014-08-14 Strahlschneidvorrichtung und Strahlschneidverfahren
PCT/EP2015/067038 WO2016023734A1 (fr) 2014-08-14 2015-07-24 Dispositif et procédé de découpe par jet

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3180163A1 true EP3180163A1 (fr) 2017-06-21
EP3180163B1 EP3180163B1 (fr) 2021-04-14

Family

ID=54062702

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP15759385.6A Active EP3180163B1 (fr) 2014-08-14 2015-07-24 Dispositif et procédé de découpe par jet

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3180163B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102014111639A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2016023734A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102017204883A1 (de) * 2017-03-23 2018-09-27 Robert Bosch Gmbh Materialbearbeitung mit einem Eisstrahl

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4389820A (en) * 1980-12-29 1983-06-28 Lockheed Corporation Blasting machine utilizing sublimable particles
DD298618A5 (de) 1989-12-08 1992-03-05 Technische Universitaet "Otto Von Guericke" Magdeburg,De Verfahren zum schneiden mit hochdruckwasser-eiskristallstrahl
US5111984A (en) * 1990-10-15 1992-05-12 Ford Motor Company Method of cutting workpieces having low thermal conductivity
JPH06328398A (ja) * 1993-05-21 1994-11-29 Nissin Electric Co Ltd ジェット切断方法及び切断装置
DE19630000C2 (de) * 1996-07-25 2001-05-31 Carl Ingolf Lange Verfahren zum Schneiden von Papier, Pappe, Kunststoff-Folien oder dgl. und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
DE19756506C2 (de) 1997-12-19 2001-02-08 Fraunhofer Ges Forschung Verfahren zum Abrasiv-Wasserstrahlschneiden
DE10012393C2 (de) * 2000-03-15 2002-06-27 Preising Paul Eric Reinigungsverfahren und -vorrichtung für hochspannungsführende Anlagenteile
DE10160275B4 (de) * 2001-12-07 2006-09-07 Air Liquide Deutschland Gmbh Schneiden von Lebensmitteln mit Flüssiggas
DE102011116228A1 (de) * 2011-10-17 2013-04-18 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Strahlschneidvorrichtung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2016023734A1 (fr) 2016-02-18
EP3180163B1 (fr) 2021-04-14
DE102014111639A1 (de) 2016-02-18

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