EP3177776A1 - Anchoring device - Google Patents

Anchoring device

Info

Publication number
EP3177776A1
EP3177776A1 EP15753913.1A EP15753913A EP3177776A1 EP 3177776 A1 EP3177776 A1 EP 3177776A1 EP 15753913 A EP15753913 A EP 15753913A EP 3177776 A1 EP3177776 A1 EP 3177776A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rod
end portion
anchoring device
cutter
anchoring
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP15753913.1A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3177776B1 (en
Inventor
Christian Meline
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Industrielle de Produits Mecaniques Ancr'est Ste
Original Assignee
Industrielle de Produits Mecaniques Ancr'est Ste
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Industrielle de Produits Mecaniques Ancr'est Ste filed Critical Industrielle de Produits Mecaniques Ancr'est Ste
Publication of EP3177776A1 publication Critical patent/EP3177776A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3177776B1 publication Critical patent/EP3177776B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
    • E02D5/80—Ground anchors
    • E02D5/801—Ground anchors driven by screwing

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an anchoring device in a soil, comprising at least:
  • the present invention also relates to a removable structure comprising such an anchoring device.
  • hollow rods with self-drilling cutting To dig hard floors, for example, soils with monolithic layers, it is known to use hollow rods with self-drilling cutting.
  • the hollow stem is driven into the soil by means of its self-drilling cutting edge.
  • the anchoring device left in the ground can cause problems of pollution or soil degradation. Consequently, when the structure to be temporarily installed is placed over sensitive grounds, for example in protected areas, other anchoring means are used, such as concrete blocks placed on the ground and which can be removed. when the structure is moved.
  • anchoring means do not offer a significant anchoring force, are bulky and not very manipulable.
  • One of the aims of the invention is to overcome these disadvantages by providing an anchoring device in the ground in which the removal of the rod of the device is possible.
  • the invention relates to an anchoring device of the aforementioned type, characterized in that it comprises a peelable film, fixed on an external part of the rod, said film being able to detach from said external part under the effect of friction between the stem and its environment.
  • an anchoring device of the aforementioned type, characterized in that it comprises a peelable film, fixed on an external part of the rod, said film being able to detach from said external part under the effect of friction between the stem and its environment.
  • the rod comprises a helix on the external part, the peelable film covering at least the helix;
  • the rod has a thread and the rod is screwed into the cutting edge
  • the rod has a second end portion, the second end portion being opposite the first end portion, and wherein the rod is hollow and defines an injection channel opening into the first end portion and the second end portion;
  • the rod has a second end portion, the second end portion being opposite the first end portion, and the second end portion comprises a shutter, a portion of the shutter having a first diameter greater than the diameter of the cutter;
  • the diameter of the cutter is greater than the diameter of the helix.
  • the invention also relates to a removable structure comprising:
  • the invention also relates to a method of removable anchoring in a soil, the method comprising the following steps:
  • the removal of the rod comprises a unscrewing operation.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic representation in partial section of an anchoring device according to the invention, during a drilling step,
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic representation in partial section of another anchoring device according to the invention, during a drilling step,
  • FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic sectional representation of the anchoring device of FIG. 2 following the drilling step
  • FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic sectional representation of the anchoring device of FIG. 2 following a sealing material injection step
  • FIG. 5 is a diagrammatic sectional representation of the anchoring device of FIG. 2 during a withdrawal step.
  • the terms “lower” and “upper” are defined relative to the direction of penetration of the anchoring device into the ground, i.e. the elements designated as lower extend to a depth larger than the elements designated as being higher.
  • the term “external” is defined by what is turned outward, that is to say turned towards the ground when the anchoring device is fixed in the ground, and the term “internal” is defined by this which is turned towards the inside of the anchoring device, that is to say towards the axis A of the anchoring device.
  • the anchoring device 1 in a soil comprises at least one rod 2, a cutter 4 and a peelable film 6 fixed on an outer part 8 of the rod 2.
  • Such an anchoring device 1 is intended to be fixed in a soil 10.
  • the soil 10 comprises at least one hard layer 12.
  • the hard layer 12 is, for example, a layer of rock of magmatic or sedimentary origin for example, formed of granite, hardened limestones or concretes and more generally of monolithic or consolidated materials.
  • the soil 10 further comprises a layer formed of a loose material, for example, sediments, sand, chippings and more generally unconsolidated materials, this layer extending over the hard layer 12.
  • a loose material for example, sediments, sand, chippings and more generally unconsolidated materials
  • the hard layer 12 has an upper surface 14.
  • the upper surface 14 of the hard layer 12 is substantially flat and horizontal.
  • the upper surface 14 of the hard layer 12 has irregularities.
  • the anchoring device is intended to be positioned in a cavity 15 drilled in the hard layer 12.
  • the cavity is intended to be filled with sealing material.
  • the diameter of the cavity 15 is substantially equal to the diameter of the cutter.
  • the depth of the cavity 15 depends on the ground in which the anchoring device 1 is intended to be fixed.
  • the rod 2 comprises at least one metal section formed in one piece.
  • the rod 2 is formed of several sections assembled to each other, for example by welding or other.
  • the rod 2 extends along the axis A.
  • the axis A is vertical when the anchoring device 1 is installed in the ground 10.
  • the length of the rod measured along the axis A depends on the ground in which the device Anchor 1 is intended to be fixed.
  • the diameter of the rod measured on a section perpendicular to the axis A depends on the ground in which the anchoring device 1 is intended to be fixed and the anchoring force required for the structure to be anchored.
  • the rod 2 comprises a first end portion 16, or lower end portion with respect to the direction of penetration of the rod 2 into the ground 10, and a second end portion 18, opposite the first end portion 16, said upper end portion relative to in the direction of penetration of the rod 2 into the ground 10.
  • the rod 2 has a thread 19 on its outer portion 8.
  • the thread 19 is intended to allow the attachment of the cutter 4 on the first outer portion 16 of the rod.
  • the thread extends substantially over the entire length of the rod 2.
  • the thread 19 extends over the first end portion 16 of the rod and the rest of the rod is a smooth surface.
  • the rod comprises a helix 20 on the outer part 8.
  • the disks of the propeller 20 extend radially outwardly from the outer wall of the rod 2.
  • the propeller 20 extends along the axis A, for example over the entire length of the rod 2.
  • the number of disks of the propeller 20 as well as their diameter depends on the ground in which the anchoring device is intended to be fixed and the anchoring force required for the structure to be anchored.
  • the disks of the helix have the same diameter.
  • the angle of the slope of the propeller 20 is less than an angle of autodirection slope under traction force.
  • the propeller 20 is, for example, made of reinforced steel and the discs are, for example, welded to the rod 2.
  • the propeller is in one piece with the rod 2.
  • the rod 2 comprises a continuous helix 20 outside the cutter 4 and a thread 19 in the first end portion of the rod 2 receiving the cutter 4.
  • the pitch of the thread 19 is equal to the pitch of the helix 20.
  • the stem 2 is hollow.
  • the rod 2 defines an injection channel 22 opening into the first end portion 16 and the second end portion 18.
  • the outer surface of the stem comprises orifices and the injection channel 22 opens into the outer surface of the the rod 2 by said orifices.
  • the diameter of the injection channel 22 depends on the ground in which the anchoring device 1 is intended to be fixed and the nature of the sealing material 24 provided.
  • the first end portion 16 is intended to cooperate with the cutter 4.
  • the first end portion 16 of the rod 2 is intended to be fitted into the cutter 4 in a reversible manner.
  • the second end portion 18 is intended to cooperate with, for example, a roto-striker to allow the depression of the rod in the ground.
  • the second end portion 18 is also intended to cooperate with an injection device.
  • the injection device is capable of allowing injection of the sealing material 24 into the injection channel 22.
  • the second end portion 18 is intended to cooperate with a withdrawal device 25 shown in FIG.
  • the second end portion 18 is further intended to receive attachment means, not shown, of a structure or building to anchor in the ground.
  • the second end portion 18 has a shutter 26.
  • Part of the shutter 26 has a first diameter greater than the diameter of the cutter.
  • the shutter 26 is, for example, of frustoconical shape.
  • the diameter of the shutter 26 decreases progressively along the axis A. This shape makes it possible to ensure a seal between the cavity 15 and the atmosphere present above the upper surface 14.
  • the shutter 26 is intended to rest in the cavity 15 and on the upper surface 14 of the hard layer 12.
  • the shutter 26 is, for example, provided with at least one vent 28 placing the cavity 15, in fluid communication with the atmosphere when the device 1 is put in place in the cavity 15.
  • the cutter 4 is intended to be disposed at a first extreme bet 16 of the rod 2.
  • the cutter 4 is secured to the rod 2 during the introduction of the device 1.
  • the connection of the rod 2 to the cutter 4 is for example a connection by screwing or by conical fitting or others.
  • the cutter 4 comprises a thread 29 adapted to the thread 19 of the rod 2.
  • the rod 2 is screwed into the cutter 4.
  • the threads 19 and 29 are adapted to prevent the self-unscrewing of the rod 2 under traction force.
  • the cutter 4 comprises a drilling portion 30 and a connecting ring 32 in which the rod 2 fits.
  • the cutter 4 is connected to the first end portion 16 of the rod 2 by conical fitting.
  • the thread 29 of the cutter is disposed in the drilling portion 30 of the cutter 4. Where appropriate, the thread 29 of the cutter is arranged on the connecting ring 32.
  • the diameter of the cutter 4 is greater than the diameter of the helix 20.
  • a self-drilling tip that has the rigidity characteristics necessary to drill in a rock layer
  • the drilling portion of the cutter 4 comprises, for example, at least one channel 34 placing the internal volume of the rod 2 in fluid communication with the outside of the cutter 4.
  • the connecting ring 32 is fixed permanently, for example, by welding, on the drilling portion 30 of the cutting edge.
  • the connecting ring 32 is received, for example, by plugging into the drilling portion 30 of the cutter 4.
  • the connecting ring 32 comprises an inner wall of a diameter substantially equal to the outer diameter of the rod 2 and an outer wall, at least a portion of which has a diameter substantially equal to the internal diameter of the boring portion 30.
  • the connecting ring 32 is reversibly fixed to the lower end of the rod 2.
  • the liasion ring is integral with the forcing portion 30.
  • the peelable film 6 covers an outer portion 8 of the rod 2.
  • the peelable film 6 covers at least the helix 20.
  • the peelable film 6 is advantageously made of a self-consolidating synthetic resin.
  • the film 6 is made of cellulose.
  • the thickness of the peelable film 6 is adapted to the diameter of the rod 2.
  • the thickness of the peelable film is between 0.5 mm and 5 mm.
  • the film 6 is able to detach from the outer portion 8 of the rod 2, under the effect of friction between the rod and its environment.
  • the peelable film 6 is able to be detached from the rod 2 under the effect of a friction force.
  • the film 6 is applied to the stem, for example by dipping the rod in a bath of material intended to form the film, this material hardening on the rod.
  • the film is applied by spraying or painting or otherwise.
  • the film 6 extends at least over the entire portion of the rod 2 intended to extend into the ground.
  • the soil 10 intended to receive the anchoring device comprises at least one hard layer 12. It is however understood that the soil 10 may comprise several layers of variable hardness and / or not necessarily homogeneous.
  • the development and installation of the anchoring device 1 begins with a soil analysis 10 in which the anchoring device must be fixed.
  • This analysis may be carried out by any appropriate means, such as coring or excavation, physical probing, by means of a pressuremeter or penetrometer, by electronic sounding using a multi-beam bathymetric sounder and by coring for the hard layer for example.
  • the length of the rod 2 is determined to extend through the hard layer 10 over a drilling depth determined by calculation as a function of the soil analysis.
  • the rod 2 is provided to emerge from the ground 10 over a predetermined length.
  • the diameter of the cutter 4 is also determined to form a cavity 15 in the hard layer 12 around the rod 4.
  • the diameter and the depth of the cavity 15 are chosen as a function of the coefficients of friction between the rock of the lower layer and the sealing material 24 which fills the cavity to provide a sealing force that is appropriate for the nature of the soil 10 and of the structure to be anchored in the ground 10.
  • the pitch and dimensions of the helix 20 are also determined.
  • the increase in the number of helical disks 20 makes it possible to increase the anchoring force of the anchoring device 1.
  • the diameter of the disks of the propeller 20 is chosen to prevent the recovery torques of forces are too large depending on the ground breaking pressure limit to the right of each disk.
  • the diameter of the discs is not necessarily constant.
  • the anchoring device as previously described is provided after and according to the soil analysis.
  • FIG. 2 shows the device during a drilling step.
  • Fig. 3 represents the device following the drilling step, when the device is put in place in the cavity 15.
  • a cavity 15 is hollowed out by means of the device 1 by rotation and percussion, the cutter 4 drilling a cavity up to the drilling depth determined by calculations as previously described.
  • the rod 2 is put in place by screwing, for example, using a roto-striker.
  • the cutter 4 forms a cavity 15 of diameter substantially equal to that of the cutter 4 around the rod 2, which has a diameter smaller than that of the cutter 4.
  • the film 6 does not come into contact with the rock when the rod 2 is put in place.
  • the anchor is in place.
  • the shutter 26 is abutted against the edge of the cavity 15 at the upper surface 14 of the ground, as shown in FIG.
  • Fig. 4 represents the anchoring device following a sealing material injection step 24.
  • a sealing material 24 is injected into the rod by its second end portion 18.
  • a sealing material 24 is, for example, cement or resin.
  • the sealing material 24 flows into the injection channel 22 of the rod 2 to its first end portion 16 and is injected into the cavity 15 through the channel 34 provided in the cutter 4, or, where appropriate, through holes provided in the rod 2.
  • the sealing material 24 can not escape above the upper surface 14.
  • the hardening of the sealing material 24 makes it possible to seal the anchoring device 1 in the ground 10.
  • the anchoring device 1 is thus perfectly fixed in the ground 10 and positioned optimally.
  • the peelable film 6 in addition makes it possible to absorb the expansion of the sealing material 24.
  • a step of removing the rod 2 of the device is illustrated in Figure 5. Such a withdrawal occurs when the structure to be anchored is removed.
  • the withdrawal device 25 makes it possible to grasp the second end portion 18 of the rod 2 and to pull it along the axis A in the opposite direction to the direction of penetration into the ground. In addition, the withdrawal device 25 makes it possible to rotate the rod 2 about the axis A.
  • the extraction of the rod is performed by traction only.
  • the step of removing the rod from the rod 2 comprises a unscrewing operation.
  • the film 6 then facilitates the sliding of the rod 2 against the sealing material 24.
  • the outer portion 8 of the rod 2 slides against the film 6 detached.
  • the first end portion 16 of the rod 2 separates from the cutter 4.
  • the cutter 4 remains in the cavity 15.
  • the anchoring device according to the invention is a self-drilling anchor anchoring in rock surfaces, suitable for temporary anchoring, structures or equipment of any kind.
  • the anchoring device 1 described above is particularly advantageous when it is used to fix removable structures.
  • the force of sealing the device in the ground depends on the device.
  • the force supported by the sealed device is equal to the resistant force of the free surface of the cutter if the rod 2 is screwed to the cutter 4.
  • the force supported by the sealed device is proportional to the resistant force of the continuous surface of the thread 19 if the rod 2 is simply fitted into the cutting edge.
  • the force supported by the sealed device is equal to the sum of the resistant forces of the continuous surface of the thread 19 and the free surface of the cutter 4.
  • the force supported by the sealed device is proportional to the resistant force of the continuous surface of the rod 10 and the propeller 20, if the rod is simply fitted into the cutting edge.
  • the force supported by the sealed device is equal to the sum of the resistant forces of the continuous surface of the rod 2 and the propeller 20 and the free surface
  • This embodiment is particularly advantageous because it allows a more effective sealing force.
  • the device described above does not require the realization of a pilot hole, that is to say a hole made before the arrangement of the rod in the soil with a different tool anchor device .
  • the hole is made by cutting at the same time as the depression of the rod in the ground.
  • a removable structure comprising a platform supported by such anchoring devices 1, is maintained in the soil 10 robustly.
  • the anchoring force of the anchoring device 1 results from the addition of the sealing forces of the rod 2 in the hard layer 12 of soil 10 by means of the sealing material 24 and the lift forces due to to the propeller 20.
  • the peelable film 6 ensures a voluntary withdrawal of the rod 2 of the anchoring device 1, while limiting the risk of accidental loosening of the anchorage device.
  • the sealing of the structure is temporary because it is possible to remove the rod 2 from the rock.
  • the platform is reusable on a different anchor site.
  • the rod 2 is solid and the sealing material 24 is injected into the cavity 15 around the rod 2.

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for anchorage in the ground. Said device for anchorage in the ground (10) comprises at least, - one rod (2), - one drill bit (4), attached to a first end part of the rod (16). The device is characterized in that it comprises a peelable film (6), attached on an external part (8) of the rod (2), said film (6) being capable of detaching from said external part (8) under the effect of friction between the rod (2) and the surroundings thereof.

Description

DISPOSITIF D'ANCRAGE  ANCHORING DEVICE
La présente invention concerne un dispositif d'ancrage dans un sol, comprenant au moins : The present invention relates to an anchoring device in a soil, comprising at least:
- une tige,  - a rod,
- un taillant, fixé à une première partie extrême de la tige.  - a cutter, attached to a first end portion of the rod.
La présente invention concerne également une structure amovible comprenant un tel dispositif d'ancrage.  The present invention also relates to a removable structure comprising such an anchoring device.
Dans le domaine de l'ancrage dans le sol, il est connu d'utiliser de tels dispositif. En particulier, il est connu d'employer un taillant pour creuser le sol et positionner la tige dans la partie creusée.  In the field of anchoring in the ground, it is known to use such devices. In particular, it is known to use a cutter to dig the soil and position the rod in the excavated part.
Pour creuser des sols durs, par exemple, des sols présentant des couches monolithiques, il est connu d'employer des tiges creuses munies de taillants auto-forants. La tige creuse est enfoncée dans le sol au moyen de son taillant auto-forants.  To dig hard floors, for example, soils with monolithic layers, it is known to use hollow rods with self-drilling cutting. The hollow stem is driven into the soil by means of its self-drilling cutting edge.
En outre, il est connu de sceller le dispositif d'ancrage dans le sol en injectant un matériau de scellement, tel que du ciment ou de la résine autour de la tige. Le matériau de scellement s'écoule dans le sol autour de la tige et empêche son retrait.  In addition, it is known to seal the anchoring device in the ground by injecting a sealing material, such as cement or resin around the rod. The sealing material flows into the soil around the stem and prevents its removal.
Cependant, de tels dispositifs une fois scellés sont destinés à rester entièrement dans le sol. De tels dispositifs ne sont pas adaptés à des installations nécessitant des ancrages temporaires. Dans ce cas, lorsque la structure ancrée est retirée, par exemple parce que l'installation était temporaire, le dispositif d'ancrage est laissé à demeure dans le sol et n'est pas réutilisable à un autre endroit.  However, such devices once sealed are intended to remain entirely in the ground. Such devices are not suitable for installations requiring temporary anchors. In this case, when the anchored structure is removed, for example because the installation was temporary, the anchoring device is left permanently in the ground and is not reusable elsewhere.
Le dispositif d'ancrage laissé dans le sol peut poser des problèmes de pollution ou de dégradation du sol. Par conséquent, lorsque la structure à installer temporairement est placée au-dessus de sols sensibles, par exemple dans des zones protégées, d'autres moyens d'ancrage sont utilisés, tels que des blocs de béton posés sur le sol et qui peuvent être retirés lorsque la structure est déplacée. Cependant, de tels moyens d'ancrage n'offrent pas une force d'ancrage importante, sont encombrants et peu manipulables.  The anchoring device left in the ground can cause problems of pollution or soil degradation. Consequently, when the structure to be temporarily installed is placed over sensitive grounds, for example in protected areas, other anchoring means are used, such as concrete blocks placed on the ground and which can be removed. when the structure is moved. However, such anchoring means do not offer a significant anchoring force, are bulky and not very manipulable.
L'un des buts de l'invention est de pallier ces inconvénients en proposant un dispositif d'ancrage dans le sol dans lequel le retrait de la tige du dispositif est possible.  One of the aims of the invention is to overcome these disadvantages by providing an anchoring device in the ground in which the removal of the rod of the device is possible.
A cet effet, l'invention concerne un dispositif d'ancrage du type précité, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un film pelable, fixé sur une partie externe de la tige, ledit film étant apte à se détacher de ladite partie externe sous l'effet d'une friction entre la tige et son environnement. En plaçant disposant un film sur une partie externe de la tige, le retrait de la tige est facilité. En effet, une simple friction entre la tige et son environnement permet de séparer la tige du film. Par exemple, même si le film reste solidaire de l'environnement de la tige, la tige peut être extraite du scellement. D'autre part, tant que le film, n'est pas soumis à une friction, il reste fixé à la tige. Cela limite le risque de retrait intempestif de la tige. Un tel dispositif d'ancrage offre une force d'ancrage importante tout en étant amovible, ce qui le rend utilisable dans tout type de sol. To this end, the invention relates to an anchoring device of the aforementioned type, characterized in that it comprises a peelable film, fixed on an external part of the rod, said film being able to detach from said external part under the effect of friction between the stem and its environment. By placing a film on an outer portion of the shaft, removal of the shaft is facilitated. Indeed, a simple friction between the rod and its environment allows to separate the rod of the film. For example, even if the film remains attached to the environment of the stem, the rod can be extracted from the seal. On the other hand, as long as the film is not subject to friction, it remains attached to the rod. This limits the risk of untimely withdrawal of the stem. Such an anchoring device provides an important anchoring force while being removable, which makes it usable in any type of soil.
Selon d'autres caractéristiques du dispositif d'ancrage selon l'invention :  According to other characteristics of the anchoring device according to the invention:
- la tige comporte une hélice sur la partie externe, le film pelable recouvrant au moins l'hélice ;  the rod comprises a helix on the external part, the peelable film covering at least the helix;
- la tige présente un filetage et la tige est vissée dans le taillant ;  - The rod has a thread and the rod is screwed into the cutting edge;
- le pas du filetage de la tige est égal au pas de l'hélice ;  - The pitch of the thread of the rod is equal to the pitch of the propeller;
- la tige est emmanchée dans le taillant de manière réversible ;  - the rod is fitted into the cutting edge in a reversible manner;
- la tige comporte une deuxième partie extrême, la deuxième partie extrême étant opposée à la première partie extrême, et dans lequel la tige est creuse et définit un canal d'injection débouchant dans la première partie extrême et dans la deuxième partie extrême ;  - The rod has a second end portion, the second end portion being opposite the first end portion, and wherein the rod is hollow and defines an injection channel opening into the first end portion and the second end portion;
- la tige comporte une deuxième partie extrême, la deuxième partie extrême étant opposée à la première partie extrême, et la deuxième partie extrême comporte un obturateur, une partie de l'obturateur présentant un premier diamètre supérieur au diamètre du taillant ;  - The rod has a second end portion, the second end portion being opposite the first end portion, and the second end portion comprises a shutter, a portion of the shutter having a first diameter greater than the diameter of the cutter;
- le diamètre du taillant est supérieur au diamètre de l'hélice.  the diameter of the cutter is greater than the diameter of the helix.
Selon un autre aspect, l'invention concerne également une structure amovible comprenant :  According to another aspect, the invention also relates to a removable structure comprising:
- au moins un dispositif tel que décrit ci-dessus ;  at least one device as described above;
- une plateforme soutenue par le ou les dispositifs.  a platform supported by the device or devices.
Selon un autre aspect, l'invention concerne également un procédé d'ancrage amovible dans un sol, le procédé comprenant les étapes suivantes :  According to another aspect, the invention also relates to a method of removable anchoring in a soil, the method comprising the following steps:
- fourniture d'un dispositif tel que décrit ci-dessus ;  - Provision of a device as described above;
- forage d'une cavité dans le sol par le taillant ;  - drilling a cavity in the ground by the cutting edge;
- mise en place du dispositif d'ancrage dans la cavité ;  - Establishment of the anchoring device in the cavity;
- injection et durcissement d'un matériau de scellement, de façon à assurer le scellement du dispositif d'ancrage dans le sol ;  - injection and hardening of a sealing material, so as to seal the anchoring device in the ground;
- retrait de la tige par détachement du film pelable.  - Removal of the rod by detachment of the peelable film.
Selon d'autres caractéristiques du procédé selon l'invention, le retrait de la tige comprend une opération de dévissage. D'autres aspects et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description qui suit, donnée à titre d'exemple et faite en référence aux dessins annexés, dans lesquels : According to other features of the method according to the invention, the removal of the rod comprises a unscrewing operation. Other aspects and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the description which follows, given by way of example and with reference to the appended drawings, in which:
- la Fig. 1 est une représentation schématique en coupe partielle d'un dispositif d'ancrage selon l'invention, au cours d'une étape de forage,  FIG. 1 is a schematic representation in partial section of an anchoring device according to the invention, during a drilling step,
- la Fig. 2 est une représentation schématique en coupe partielle d'un autre dispositif d'ancrage selon l'invention, au cours d'une étape de forage,  FIG. 2 is a schematic representation in partial section of another anchoring device according to the invention, during a drilling step,
- la Fig. 3 est une représentation schématique en coupe du dispositif d'ancrage de la Fig. 2 à la suite de l'étape de forage,  FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic sectional representation of the anchoring device of FIG. 2 following the drilling step,
- la Fig. 4 est une représentation schématique en coupe du dispositif d'ancrage de la Fig. 2 à la suite d'une étape d'injection de matériau de scellement,  FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic sectional representation of the anchoring device of FIG. 2 following a sealing material injection step,
- la Fig. 5 est une représentation schématique en coupe du dispositif d'ancrage de la Fig. 2 au cours d'une étape de retrait.  FIG. 5 is a diagrammatic sectional representation of the anchoring device of FIG. 2 during a withdrawal step.
Dans la description, les termes « inférieur » et « supérieur » sont définis par rapport au sens de pénétration du dispositif d'ancrage dans le sol, c'est-à-dire que les éléments désignés comme étant inférieurs s'étendent à une profondeur plus grande que les éléments désignés comme étant supérieurs. Le terme « externe » est défini par ce qui est tourné vers l'extérieur, c'est-à-dire tourné vers le sol lorsque le dispositif d'ancrage est fixé dans le sol, et le terme « interne » est défini par ce qui est tourné vers l'intérieur du dispositif d'ancrage, c'est-à-dire vers l'axe A du dispositif d'ancrage.  In the description, the terms "lower" and "upper" are defined relative to the direction of penetration of the anchoring device into the ground, i.e. the elements designated as lower extend to a depth larger than the elements designated as being higher. The term "external" is defined by what is turned outward, that is to say turned towards the ground when the anchoring device is fixed in the ground, and the term "internal" is defined by this which is turned towards the inside of the anchoring device, that is to say towards the axis A of the anchoring device.
Le dispositif d'ancrage 1 dans un sol, comprend au moins, une tige 2, un taillant 4 et un film pelable 6 fixé sur une partie externe 8 de la tige 2.  The anchoring device 1 in a soil comprises at least one rod 2, a cutter 4 and a peelable film 6 fixed on an outer part 8 of the rod 2.
Un tel dispositif d'ancrage 1 est destiné à être fixé dans un sol 10. Par exemple, le sol 10 comprend au moins une couche dure 12. La couche dure 12 est, par exemple, une couche de roche d'origine magmatique ou sédimentaire , par exemple, formée de granité, de calcaires ou bétons endurcis et de manière plus générale de matériaux monolithiques ou consolidés.  Such an anchoring device 1 is intended to be fixed in a soil 10. For example, the soil 10 comprises at least one hard layer 12. The hard layer 12 is, for example, a layer of rock of magmatic or sedimentary origin for example, formed of granite, hardened limestones or concretes and more generally of monolithic or consolidated materials.
En variante, le sol 10 comprend en outre une couche formée d'un matériau meuble, par exemple, des sédiments, du sable, des gravillons et de manière plus générale de matériaux non consolidés, cette couche s'étendant sur la couche dure 12.  Alternatively, the soil 10 further comprises a layer formed of a loose material, for example, sediments, sand, chippings and more generally unconsolidated materials, this layer extending over the hard layer 12.
Dans les figures 1 à 5, seule la couche dure de sol est représentée. La couche dure 12 présente une surface supérieure 14. Sur les figures, la surface supérieure 14 de la couche dure 12 est sensiblement plane et horizontale. En variante, la surface supérieure 14 de la couche dure 12 présente des irrégularités.  In Figures 1 to 5, only the hard layer of soil is shown. The hard layer 12 has an upper surface 14. In the figures, the upper surface 14 of the hard layer 12 is substantially flat and horizontal. Alternatively, the upper surface 14 of the hard layer 12 has irregularities.
Le dispositif d'ancrage est destiné à être positionner dans une cavité 15 forée dans la couche dure 12. La cavité est destinée à être remplie de matériau de scellement. Le diamètre de la cavité 15 est sensiblement égal au diamètre du taillant. La profondeur de la cavité 15 dépend du sol dans lequel le dispositif d'ancrage 1 est destiné à être fixé. The anchoring device is intended to be positioned in a cavity 15 drilled in the hard layer 12. The cavity is intended to be filled with sealing material. The diameter of the cavity 15 is substantially equal to the diameter of the cutter. The depth of the cavity 15 depends on the ground in which the anchoring device 1 is intended to be fixed.
Comme représenté sur les figures 1 à 5, la tige 2 comprend au moins un tronçon métallique formé d'une seule pièce. Alternativement la tige 2 est formée de plusieurs tronçons assemblés les uns aux autres, par exemple par soudage ou autre.  As shown in Figures 1 to 5, the rod 2 comprises at least one metal section formed in one piece. Alternatively the rod 2 is formed of several sections assembled to each other, for example by welding or other.
La tige 2 s'étend selon l'axe A. L'axe A est vertical lorsque le dispositif d'ancrage 1 est installé dans le sol 10. La longueur de la tige mesurée selon l'axe A dépend du sol dans lequel le dispositif d'ancrage 1 est destiné à être fixé. Le diamètre de la tige mesuré sur une section perpendiculaire à l'axe A dépend du sol dans lequel le dispositif d'ancrage 1 est destiné à être fixé et de la force d'ancrage requise pour la structure à ancrer.  The rod 2 extends along the axis A. The axis A is vertical when the anchoring device 1 is installed in the ground 10. The length of the rod measured along the axis A depends on the ground in which the device Anchor 1 is intended to be fixed. The diameter of the rod measured on a section perpendicular to the axis A depends on the ground in which the anchoring device 1 is intended to be fixed and the anchoring force required for the structure to be anchored.
La tige 2 comporte une première partie extrême 16, ou partie extrême inférieure par rapport au sens de pénétration de la tige 2 dans le sol 10, et une deuxième partie extrême 18, opposée à la première partie extrême 16, dite partie extrême supérieure par rapport au sens de pénétration de la tige 2 dans le sol 10.  The rod 2 comprises a first end portion 16, or lower end portion with respect to the direction of penetration of the rod 2 into the ground 10, and a second end portion 18, opposite the first end portion 16, said upper end portion relative to in the direction of penetration of the rod 2 into the ground 10.
Selon un mode de réalisation représenté sur la figure 1 , la tige 2 comporte un filetage 19 sur sa partie externe 8. Le filetage 19 est destiné à permettre la fixation du taillant 4 sur la première partie externe 16 de la tige. Dans l'exemple représenté sur la figure 1 , le filetage s'étend sensiblement sur toute la longueur de la tige 2. En variante, le filetage 19 s'étend sur la première partie extrême 16 de la tige et le reste de la tige présente une surface lisse.  According to an embodiment shown in Figure 1, the rod 2 has a thread 19 on its outer portion 8. The thread 19 is intended to allow the attachment of the cutter 4 on the first outer portion 16 of the rod. In the example shown in Figure 1, the thread extends substantially over the entire length of the rod 2. Alternatively, the thread 19 extends over the first end portion 16 of the rod and the rest of the rod is a smooth surface.
Selon le mode de réalisation représenté sur les figures 2 à 5, la tige comporte une hélice 20 sur la partie externe 8.  According to the embodiment shown in FIGS. 2 to 5, the rod comprises a helix 20 on the outer part 8.
Les disques de l'hélice 20 s'étendent radialement vers l'extérieur à partir de la paroi externe de la tige 2. L'hélice 20 s'étend selon l'axe A, par exemple sur toute la longueur de la tige 2.  The disks of the propeller 20 extend radially outwardly from the outer wall of the rod 2. The propeller 20 extends along the axis A, for example over the entire length of the rod 2.
Le nombre de disques de l'hélice 20 ainsi que leur diamètre dépend du sol dans lequel le dispositif d'ancrage est destiné à être fixé et de la force d'ancrage requise pour la structure à ancrer. Dans l'exemple, les disques de l'hélice présentent le même diamètre.  The number of disks of the propeller 20 as well as their diameter depends on the ground in which the anchoring device is intended to be fixed and the anchoring force required for the structure to be anchored. In the example, the disks of the helix have the same diameter.
Le diamètre de l'hélice 20, c'est-à-dire le diamètre du disque de l'hélice le plus grand, est inférieur au diamètre du taillant 4.  The diameter of the helix 20, that is to say the diameter of the disk of the largest helix, is smaller than the diameter of the cutter 4.
L'angle de la pente de l'hélice 20 est inférieur à un angle de pente d'autodévissage sous effort de traction.  The angle of the slope of the propeller 20 is less than an angle of autodirection slope under traction force.
L'hélice 20 est, par exemple, réalisée en acier renforcé et les disques sont, par exemple, soudés sur la tige 2. En variante, l'hélice est d'un seul tenant avec la tige 2. Dans un mode de réalisation, la tige 2 comporte une hélice 20 continue en dehors du taillant 4 et un filetage 19 dans la première partie extrême de la tige 2 recevant le taillant 4. Avantageusement, le pas du filetage 19 est égal au pas de l'hélice 20. The propeller 20 is, for example, made of reinforced steel and the discs are, for example, welded to the rod 2. In a variant, the propeller is in one piece with the rod 2. In one embodiment, the rod 2 comprises a continuous helix 20 outside the cutter 4 and a thread 19 in the first end portion of the rod 2 receiving the cutter 4. Advantageously, the pitch of the thread 19 is equal to the pitch of the helix 20.
La tige 2 est creuse. La tige 2 définit un canal d'injection 22 débouchant dans la première partie extrême 16 et dans la deuxième partie extrême 18. En variante, la surface externe de la tige comporte des orifices et le canal d'injection 22 débouche dans la surface externe de la tige 2 par lesdits orifices.  The stem 2 is hollow. The rod 2 defines an injection channel 22 opening into the first end portion 16 and the second end portion 18. In a variant, the outer surface of the stem comprises orifices and the injection channel 22 opens into the outer surface of the the rod 2 by said orifices.
Le diamètre du canal d'injection 22 dépend du sol dans lequel le dispositif d'ancrage 1 est destiné à être fixé et de la nature du matériau de scellement 24 prévu.  The diameter of the injection channel 22 depends on the ground in which the anchoring device 1 is intended to be fixed and the nature of the sealing material 24 provided.
La première partie extrême 16 est destinée à coopérer avec le taillant 4. Par exemple, la première partie extrême 16 de la tige 2 est destinée à être emboîté dans le taillant 4 de manière réversible.  The first end portion 16 is intended to cooperate with the cutter 4. For example, the first end portion 16 of the rod 2 is intended to be fitted into the cutter 4 in a reversible manner.
Au cours de l'installation du dispositif d'ancrage, la deuxième partie extrême18 est destinée à coopérer avec, par exemple, un roto-percuteur pour permettre l'enfoncement de la tige dans le sol.  During the installation of the anchoring device, the second end portion 18 is intended to cooperate with, for example, a roto-striker to allow the depression of the rod in the ground.
La deuxième partie extrême 18 est également destinée à coopérer avec un dispositif d'injection. Le dispositif d'injection est apte à permettre l'injection du matériau de scellement 24 dans le canal d'injection 22.  The second end portion 18 is also intended to cooperate with an injection device. The injection device is capable of allowing injection of the sealing material 24 into the injection channel 22.
En outre la deuxième partie extrême 18 est destinée à coopérer avec un dispositif de retrait 25 représenté figure 5.  In addition, the second end portion 18 is intended to cooperate with a withdrawal device 25 shown in FIG.
Lorsque le dispositif est installé, la deuxième partie extrême 18 est de plus destinée à recevoir des moyens d'attache, non représentés, d'une structure ou d'un édifice à ancrer dans le sol.  When the device is installed, the second end portion 18 is further intended to receive attachment means, not shown, of a structure or building to anchor in the ground.
La deuxième partie extrême 18 comporte un obturateur 26.  The second end portion 18 has a shutter 26.
Une partie de l'obturateur 26 présente un premier diamètre supérieur au diamètre du taillant.  Part of the shutter 26 has a first diameter greater than the diameter of the cutter.
L'obturateur 26 est, par exemple, de forme tronconique. Le diamètre de l'obturateur 26 décroit progressivement selon l'axe A. Cette forme permet d'assurer une étanchéité entre la cavité 15 et l'atmosphère présente au-dessus de la surface supérieure 14.  The shutter 26 is, for example, of frustoconical shape. The diameter of the shutter 26 decreases progressively along the axis A. This shape makes it possible to ensure a seal between the cavity 15 and the atmosphere present above the upper surface 14.
L'obturateur 26 est destiné à reposer dans la cavité 15 et sur la surface supérieure 14 de la couche dure 12.  The shutter 26 is intended to rest in the cavity 15 and on the upper surface 14 of the hard layer 12.
L'obturateur 26 est, par exemple, pourvu d'au moins un évent 28 plaçant la cavité 15, en communication fluidique avec l'atmosphère lorsque le dispositif 1 est mis en place dans la cavité 15. Le taillant 4 est destiné à être disposé à une première parie extrême 16 de la tige 2. Le taillant 4 est solidaire de la tige 2 lors de la mise en place du dispositif 1 . La liaison de la tige 2 au taillant 4 est par exemple une liaison par vissage ou par emmanchement conique ou autres. The shutter 26 is, for example, provided with at least one vent 28 placing the cavity 15, in fluid communication with the atmosphere when the device 1 is put in place in the cavity 15. The cutter 4 is intended to be disposed at a first extreme bet 16 of the rod 2. The cutter 4 is secured to the rod 2 during the introduction of the device 1. The connection of the rod 2 to the cutter 4 is for example a connection by screwing or by conical fitting or others.
Selon le mode de réalisation représenté sur la figure 1 , le taillant 4 comporte un filetage 29 adaptée au filetage 19 de la tige 2. De cette manière, la tige 2 est vissée dans le taillant 4. Les filetages 19 et 29 sont adaptés empêcher l'auto-dévissage de la tige 2 sous effort de traction.  According to the embodiment shown in Figure 1, the cutter 4 comprises a thread 29 adapted to the thread 19 of the rod 2. In this way, the rod 2 is screwed into the cutter 4. The threads 19 and 29 are adapted to prevent the self-unscrewing of the rod 2 under traction force.
Dans l'exemple représenté sur les figures 2 à 5, le taillant 4 comporte une partie forante 30 et une bague de liaison 32 dans laquelle la tige 2 s'emboîte.  In the example shown in Figures 2 to 5, the cutter 4 comprises a drilling portion 30 and a connecting ring 32 in which the rod 2 fits.
Dans un mode de réalisation, le taillant 4 est lié à la première partie extrême 16 de la tige 2 par emmanchement conique.  In one embodiment, the cutter 4 is connected to the first end portion 16 of the rod 2 by conical fitting.
Sur la figure 1 , le filetage 29 du taillant est disposé dans la partie forante 30 du taillant 4. Le cas échéant, le filetage 29 du taillant est disposé sur la bague de liaison 32.  In FIG. 1, the thread 29 of the cutter is disposed in the drilling portion 30 of the cutter 4. Where appropriate, the thread 29 of the cutter is arranged on the connecting ring 32.
Le diamètre du taillant 4 est supérieur au diamètre de l'hélice 20. La partie forante The diameter of the cutter 4 is greater than the diameter of the helix 20. The drilling part
30 est, par exemple, une pointe auto-foreuse qui présente les caractéristiques de rigidité nécessaires pour pouvoir forer dans une couche rocheuse 30 is, for example, a self-drilling tip that has the rigidity characteristics necessary to drill in a rock layer
Comme représenté sur les figures 1 à 5, la partie forante du taillant 4 comprend, par exemple, au moins un canal 34 plaçant le volume interne de la tige 2 en communication fluidique avec l'extérieur du taillant 4.  As shown in FIGS. 1 to 5, the drilling portion of the cutter 4 comprises, for example, at least one channel 34 placing the internal volume of the rod 2 in fluid communication with the outside of the cutter 4.
Le taillant auto-forant 4 est connu en soi et est, par exemple, un taillant à boutons en acier trempé ou en carbure ou tout autre taillant adapté pour forer dans une couche rocheuse.  The self-drilling cutter 4 is known per se and is, for example, a hardened steel or carbide button cutter or any other cutting suitable for drilling in a rocky layer.
La bague de liaison 32 est fixée à demeure, par exemple, par soudage, sur la partie forante 30 du taillant. La bague de liaison 32 est reçue, par exemple, par emmanchage dans la partie forante 30 du taillant 4.  The connecting ring 32 is fixed permanently, for example, by welding, on the drilling portion 30 of the cutting edge. The connecting ring 32 is received, for example, by plugging into the drilling portion 30 of the cutter 4.
Par conséquent, la bague de liaison 32 comprend une paroi interne d'un diamètre sensiblement égal au diamètre externe de la tige 2 et une paroi externe, dont au moins une partie présente un diamètre sensiblement égal au diamètre interne de la partie forante 30.  Therefore, the connecting ring 32 comprises an inner wall of a diameter substantially equal to the outer diameter of the rod 2 and an outer wall, at least a portion of which has a diameter substantially equal to the internal diameter of the boring portion 30.
La bague de liaison 32 est fixée de manière réversible à la partie extrême inférieure de la tige 2.  The connecting ring 32 is reversibly fixed to the lower end of the rod 2.
Dans un mode de réalisation la bague de liasion est d'un seul tenant avec la partie forante 30.  In one embodiment the liasion ring is integral with the forcing portion 30.
Le film pelable 6 recouvre une partie externe 8 de la tige 2. Le film pelable 6 recouvre au moins l'hélice 20. Le film pelable 6 est avantageusement constitué d'une résine synthétique autosolidifiable. Dans un mode particulier, le film 6 est réalisé à base de cellulose. The peelable film 6 covers an outer portion 8 of the rod 2. The peelable film 6 covers at least the helix 20. The peelable film 6 is advantageously made of a self-consolidating synthetic resin. In a particular embodiment, the film 6 is made of cellulose.
L'épaisseur du film pelable 6 est adaptée au diamètre de la tige 2. L'épaisseur du film pelable est comprise entre 0.5 mm et 5 mm.  The thickness of the peelable film 6 is adapted to the diameter of the rod 2. The thickness of the peelable film is between 0.5 mm and 5 mm.
Le film 6 est apte à se détacher de la partie externe 8 de la tige 2, sous l'effet d'une friction entre la tige et son environnement.  The film 6 is able to detach from the outer portion 8 of the rod 2, under the effect of friction between the rod and its environment.
Le film pelable 6 est propre à être détaché de la tige 2 sous l'effet d'une force de frottement.  The peelable film 6 is able to be detached from the rod 2 under the effect of a friction force.
Le film 6 est appliqué sur la tige par exemple par trempage de la tige dans un bain de matériau destiné à former le film, ce matériau se durcissant sur la tige. En variante, le film est appliqué par pulvérisation ou par badigeonnage ou autre.  The film 6 is applied to the stem, for example by dipping the rod in a bath of material intended to form the film, this material hardening on the rod. Alternatively, the film is applied by spraying or painting or otherwise.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le film 6 s'étend au moins sur toute la partie de la tige 2 destinée à s'étendre dans le sol.  According to one embodiment, the film 6 extends at least over the entire portion of the rod 2 intended to extend into the ground.
Un procédé de mise en place et de retrait d'un dispositif d'ancrage 1 tel que décrit ci-dessus va à présent être décrit.  A method of placing and removing an anchoring device 1 as described above will now be described.
Comme mentionné précédemment, le sol 10 destiné à recevoir le dispositif d'ancrage comprend au moins une couche dure 12. Il est cependant entendu que le sol 10 peut comprendre plusieurs couches de dureté variable et/ou pas nécessairement homogène.  As mentioned above, the soil 10 intended to receive the anchoring device comprises at least one hard layer 12. It is however understood that the soil 10 may comprise several layers of variable hardness and / or not necessarily homogeneous.
L'élaboration et la mise en place du dispositif d'ancrage 1 commence par une analyse du sol 10 dans lequel le dispositif d'ancrage doit être fixé. Cette analyse peut être effectuée par tous les moyens appropriés, tels que le carottage ou l'excavation, le sondage physique, au moyen d'un pressiomètre ou d'un pénétromètre, par sondage électronique au moyen d'un sondeur bathymétrique multi faisceaux et par carottage pour la couche dure par exemple.  The development and installation of the anchoring device 1 begins with a soil analysis 10 in which the anchoring device must be fixed. This analysis may be carried out by any appropriate means, such as coring or excavation, physical probing, by means of a pressuremeter or penetrometer, by electronic sounding using a multi-beam bathymetric sounder and by coring for the hard layer for example.
En fonction de l'analyse du sol, la longueur de la tige 2 est déterminée pour s'étendre au travers de la couche dure 10 sur une profondeur de forage déterminée par calcul en fonctions de l'analyse du sol. En outre, la tige 2 est prévue pour émerger du sol 10 sur une longueur prédéterminée.  Depending on the soil analysis, the length of the rod 2 is determined to extend through the hard layer 10 over a drilling depth determined by calculation as a function of the soil analysis. In addition, the rod 2 is provided to emerge from the ground 10 over a predetermined length.
Le diamètre du taillant 4 est également déterminé pour former une cavité 15 dans la couche dure 12 autour de la tige 4.  The diameter of the cutter 4 is also determined to form a cavity 15 in the hard layer 12 around the rod 4.
Le diamètre et la profondeur de la cavité 15 sont choisis en fonction des coefficients de frottement entre la roche de la couche inférieure et le matériau de scellement 24 qui remplit la cavité pour offrir un effort de scellement adéquat en fonction de la nature du sol 10 et de la structure à ancrer dans le sol 10. Le pas et les dimensions de l'hélice 20 sont également déterminés. L'augmentation du nombre de disques hélice 20 permet d'augmenter l'effort d'ancrage du dispositif d'ancrage 1 . Le diamètre des disques de l'hélice 20 est choisi pour éviter que les couples de reprise des efforts soient trop importants en fonction de la pression limite de rupture du sol au droit de chaque disque. Le diamètre des disques n'est donc pas nécessairement constant. The diameter and the depth of the cavity 15 are chosen as a function of the coefficients of friction between the rock of the lower layer and the sealing material 24 which fills the cavity to provide a sealing force that is appropriate for the nature of the soil 10 and of the structure to be anchored in the ground 10. The pitch and dimensions of the helix 20 are also determined. The increase in the number of helical disks 20 makes it possible to increase the anchoring force of the anchoring device 1. The diameter of the disks of the propeller 20 is chosen to prevent the recovery torques of forces are too large depending on the ground breaking pressure limit to the right of each disk. The diameter of the discs is not necessarily constant.
Le dispositif d'ancrage tel que précédemment décrit est fourni après et en fonction de l'analyse du sol.  The anchoring device as previously described is provided after and according to the soil analysis.
La tige 2 et le taillant 4 sont solidaires lors de la mise en place du dispositif 2. La Fig. 2 représente le dispositif au cours d'une étape de forage. La Fig. 3 représente le dispositif à la suite de l'étape de forage, lorsque le dispositif est mis en place dans la cavité 15.  The rod 2 and the cutter 4 are integral during the introduction of the device 2. FIG. 2 shows the device during a drilling step. Fig. 3 represents the device following the drilling step, when the device is put in place in the cavity 15.
Lors de l'étape de forage, une cavité 15 est creusée au moyen du dispositif 1 par rotation et percussion, le taillant 4 forant une cavité jusqu'à la profondeur de forage déterminée par calculs comme décrit précédemment.  During the drilling step, a cavity 15 is hollowed out by means of the device 1 by rotation and percussion, the cutter 4 drilling a cavity up to the drilling depth determined by calculations as previously described.
La tige 2 est mise en place par vissage, par exemple, à l'aide d'un roto-percuteur. Comme représenté sur les Fig. 2 et 3, le taillant 4 forme une cavité 15 de diamètre sensiblement égal à celui du taillant 4 autour de la tige 2, qui présente un diamètre inférieur à celui du taillant 4.  The rod 2 is put in place by screwing, for example, using a roto-striker. As shown in Figs. 2 and 3, the cutter 4 forms a cavity 15 of diameter substantially equal to that of the cutter 4 around the rod 2, which has a diameter smaller than that of the cutter 4.
Le film 6 n'est pas en contact avec la roche lors de la mise en place de la tige 2. The film 6 does not come into contact with the rock when the rod 2 is put in place.
Ainsi, il reste disposé sur la surface externe de la tige 2. Thus, it remains disposed on the outer surface of the rod 2.
A la fin du forage, lorsque la cavité a la profondeur souhaitée, le dispositif d'ancrage est en place.  At the end of the drilling, when the cavity has the desired depth, the anchor is in place.
L'obturateur 26 est mis en butée contre le bord de la cavité 15 au niveau de la surface supérieure 14 du sol, comme représenté sur la Fig 3.  The shutter 26 is abutted against the edge of the cavity 15 at the upper surface 14 of the ground, as shown in FIG.
Dans cette position, il existe une communication fluidique entre la cavité 15 du sol 10 et l'atmosphère au moyen de l'évent 28.  In this position, there is fluidic communication between the cavity 15 of the soil 10 and the atmosphere by means of the vent 28.
D'autre part, il existe une communication fluidique entre la deuxième partie extrême de la tige et la cavité 15 au moyen du canal d'injection 22 et du canal 34 du taillant 4.  On the other hand, there is a fluidic communication between the second end portion of the rod and the cavity 15 by means of the injection channel 22 and the channel 34 of the cutter 4.
La Fig. 4 représente le dispositif d'ancrage à la suite d'une étape d'injection de matériau de scellement 24.  Fig. 4 represents the anchoring device following a sealing material injection step 24.
Au cours de l'étape d'injection, un matériau de scellement 24 est injecté dans la tige par sa deuxième partie extrême 18. Un tel matériau de scellement 24 est, par exemple, du ciment ou de la résine. Le matériau de scellement 24 s'écoule dans le canal d'injection 22 de la tige 2 jusqu'à sa première partie extrême 16 et est injecté dans la cavité 15 par le canal 34 prévu dans le taillant 4, ou le cas échéant par des orifices prévus dans la tige 2. During the injection step, a sealing material 24 is injected into the rod by its second end portion 18. Such a sealing material 24 is, for example, cement or resin. The sealing material 24 flows into the injection channel 22 of the rod 2 to its first end portion 16 and is injected into the cavity 15 through the channel 34 provided in the cutter 4, or, where appropriate, through holes provided in the rod 2.
Grâce à l'obturateur 26, le matériau de scellement 24 ne peut pas s'échapper au- dessus de la surface supérieure 14.  Thanks to the shutter 26, the sealing material 24 can not escape above the upper surface 14.
Le durcissement du matériau de scellement 24 permet d'assurer le scellement du dispositif d'ancrage 1 dans le sol 10.  The hardening of the sealing material 24 makes it possible to seal the anchoring device 1 in the ground 10.
Le dispositif d'ancrage 1 est ainsi parfaitement fixé dans le sol 10 et positionné de façon optimale.  The anchoring device 1 is thus perfectly fixed in the ground 10 and positioned optimally.
Dans un exemple, le film pelable 6 permet en complément d'absorber la dilatation du matériau de scellement 24.  In one example, the peelable film 6 in addition makes it possible to absorb the expansion of the sealing material 24.
Une étape de retrait de la tige 2 du dispositif est illustrée sur la figure 5. Un tel retrait intervient lorsque la structure à ancrer est retirée.  A step of removing the rod 2 of the device is illustrated in Figure 5. Such a withdrawal occurs when the structure to be anchored is removed.
Le dispositif de retrait 25 permet de saisir la deuxième partie extrême 18 de la tige 2 et de la tirer selon l'axe A dans le sens inverse au sens de pénétration dans le sol. En outre, le dispositif de retrait 25 permet d'effectuer une rotation de la tige 2 autour de l'axe A.  The withdrawal device 25 makes it possible to grasp the second end portion 18 of the rod 2 and to pull it along the axis A in the opposite direction to the direction of penetration into the ground. In addition, the withdrawal device 25 makes it possible to rotate the rod 2 about the axis A.
Si la tige 2 est simplement emmanchée dans le taillant et présente une surface lisse sans filetage, l'extraction de la tige est effectuée par traction seulement.  If the rod 2 is simply fitted into the cutter and has a smooth surface without threading, the extraction of the rod is performed by traction only.
Si la tige 2 comporte un filetage 19 sur la partie externe 8 ou sur la première partie extrême 16 ou si la tige 2 comporte une hélice 20, l'étape de retrait de la tige de la tige 2 comporte une opération de dévissage.  If the rod 2 has a thread 19 on the outer portion 8 or on the first end portion 16 or if the rod 2 comprises a propeller 20, the step of removing the rod from the rod 2 comprises a unscrewing operation.
Les cas échéant, l'opération de dévissage est possible en raison des pas de l'hélice 20 et du filetage 19, 29 identiques.  If necessary, the unscrewing operation is possible because of the pitch of the helix 20 and the thread 19, 29 identical.
Lors d'une opération de dévissage, le film 6 recouvrant l'hélice 20, une partie externe 8 de la tige 2 et/ ou le filetage 19 est en friction contre le matériau de scellement 24 durci. Le film pelable 6 se détache des parties de la tige 2 en frictions contre le matériau de scellement 24. Le retrait de la tige 2 par dévissage est alors possible.  In a unscrewing operation, the film 6 covering the helix 20, an outer portion 8 of the rod 2 and / or the thread 19 is in friction against the hardened sealing material 24. The peelable film 6 is detached from the parts of the rod 2 in friction against the sealing material 24. The removal of the rod 2 by unscrewing is then possible.
Le film 6 facilite alors le glissement de la tige 2 contre le matériau de scellement 24. La partie externe 8 de la tige 2 glisse contre le film 6 détaché.  The film 6 then facilitates the sliding of the rod 2 against the sealing material 24. The outer portion 8 of the rod 2 slides against the film 6 detached.
La première partie extrême 16 de la tige 2 se sépare du taillant 4. Le taillant 4 reste dans la cavité 15.  The first end portion 16 of the rod 2 separates from the cutter 4. The cutter 4 remains in the cavity 15.
Le dispositif d'ancrage selon l'invention est une ancre auto-foreuse de scellement dans des surfaces rocheuses, adaptée à l'ancrage temporaire, de structures ou d'équipements de toute nature. Le dispositif d'ancrage 1 décrit ci-dessus est particulièrement avantageux lorsqu'il est utilisé pour fixer des structures amovibles.  The anchoring device according to the invention is a self-drilling anchor anchoring in rock surfaces, suitable for temporary anchoring, structures or equipment of any kind. The anchoring device 1 described above is particularly advantageous when it is used to fix removable structures.
La force du scellement du dispositif dans le sol dépend du dispositif. Pour une tige 2 présentant une surface lisse hors du taillant, l'effort supporté par le dispositif scellé est égal à l'effort résistant de la surface libre du taillant si la tige 2 est vissée au taillant 4. The force of sealing the device in the ground depends on the device. For a rod 2 having a smooth surface outside the cutter, the force supported by the sealed device is equal to the resistant force of the free surface of the cutter if the rod 2 is screwed to the cutter 4.
Pour une tige 2 présentant un filetage 19 au moins hors du taillant, l'effort supporté par le dispositif scellé est proportionnel à l'effort résistant de la surface continue du filet 19 si la tige 2 est simplement emmanchée dans le taillant.  For a rod 2 having a thread 19 at least outside the cutter, the force supported by the sealed device is proportional to the resistant force of the continuous surface of the thread 19 if the rod 2 is simply fitted into the cutting edge.
Pour une tige 2 présentant un filetage 19 et vissée dans le taillant 4, l'effort supporté par le dispositif scellé est égal à la somme des efforts résistants de la surface continue du filet 19 et de la surface libre du taillant 4.  For a rod 2 having a thread 19 and screwed into the cutter 4, the force supported by the sealed device is equal to the sum of the resistant forces of the continuous surface of the thread 19 and the free surface of the cutter 4.
Pour une tige 2 comportant une hélice 20, l'effort supporté par le dispositif scellé est proportionnel à l'effort résistant de la surface continue de la tige 10 et de l'hélice 20, si la tige est simplement emmanchée dans le taillant.  For a rod 2 having a helix 20, the force supported by the sealed device is proportional to the resistant force of the continuous surface of the rod 10 and the propeller 20, if the rod is simply fitted into the cutting edge.
Pour une tige 2 comportant une hélice 20 et vissée dans le taillant 4, l'effort supporté par le dispositif scellé est égal à la somme des efforts résistants de la surface continue de la tige 2 et de l'hélice 20 et de la surface libre du taillant 4. Ce mode de réalisation est particulièrement avantageux car il permet un effort de scellement plus performant.  For a rod 2 having a helix 20 and screwed into the cut 4, the force supported by the sealed device is equal to the sum of the resistant forces of the continuous surface of the rod 2 and the propeller 20 and the free surface This embodiment is particularly advantageous because it allows a more effective sealing force.
On notera que le dispostif décrit ci-dessus ne nécessite pas la réalisation d'un avant-trou, c'est-à-dire un trou réalisé préalablement à la disposition de la tige dans le sol avec un outil différent du dispositif d'ancrage. Selon l'invention, le trou est réalisé par le taillant en même temps que l'enfoncement de la tige dans le sol.  Note that the device described above does not require the realization of a pilot hole, that is to say a hole made before the arrangement of the rod in the soil with a different tool anchor device . According to the invention, the hole is made by cutting at the same time as the depression of the rod in the ground.
Par exemple, dans le domaine des installations maritime, il est parfois nécessaire de pouvoir retirer une partie de l'installation. Une structure amovible comprenant une plateforme soutenue par de tels dispositifs d'ancrage 1 , est maintenue dans le sol 10 de manière robuste. Dans ce cas, l'effort d'ancrage du dispositif d'ancrage 1 résulte de l'addition des efforts de scellement de la tige 2 dans la couche dure 12 de sol 10 au moyen du matériau de scellement 24 et des efforts de portance dus à l'hélice 20. Le film pelable 6 permet de garantir un retrait volontaire de la tige 2 du dispositif d'ancrage 1 , tout en limitant les risques de descellement intempestif du dispositif d'ancragel . Le scellement de la structure est temporaire, car il est possible de retirer la tige 2 de la roche. La plateforme est donc réutilisable sur un site d'ancrage différent.  For example, in the field of marine installations, it is sometimes necessary to be able to remove part of the installation. A removable structure comprising a platform supported by such anchoring devices 1, is maintained in the soil 10 robustly. In this case, the anchoring force of the anchoring device 1 results from the addition of the sealing forces of the rod 2 in the hard layer 12 of soil 10 by means of the sealing material 24 and the lift forces due to to the propeller 20. The peelable film 6 ensures a voluntary withdrawal of the rod 2 of the anchoring device 1, while limiting the risk of accidental loosening of the anchorage device. The sealing of the structure is temporary because it is possible to remove the rod 2 from the rock. The platform is reusable on a different anchor site.
En variante, la tige 2 est pleine et le matériau de scellement 24 est injecté dans la cavité 15 autour de la tige 2.  In a variant, the rod 2 is solid and the sealing material 24 is injected into the cavity 15 around the rod 2.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1 . - Dispositif d'ancrage (1 ) dans un sol (10), comprenant au moins, 1. - Anchoring device (1) in a soil (10), comprising at least,
- une tige (2),  a rod (2),
- un taillant (4), fixé à une première partie extrême de la tige (16), le dispositif (1 ) étant caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un film pelable (6), fixé sur une partie externe (8) de la tige (2), ledit film (6) étant apte à se détacher de ladite partie externe (8) sous l'effet d'une friction entre la tige (2) et son environnement.  - a cutter (4) attached to a first end portion of the rod (16), the device (1) being characterized in that it comprises a peelable film (6) fixed on an outer part (8) of the rod (2), said film (6) being able to detach from said outer portion (8) under the effect of friction between the rod (2) and its environment.
2. - Dispositif d'ancrage (1 ) selon la revendication 1 , dans lequel la tige (2) comporte une hélice (20) sur la partie externe (8), le film pelable (6) recouvrant au moins l'hélice (20). 2. - anchoring device (1) according to claim 1, wherein the rod (2) comprises a helix (20) on the outer portion (8), the peelable film (6) covering at least the helix (20). ).
3.- Dispositif d'ancrage (1 ) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la tige (2) présente un filetage (19) et la tige est vissée dans le taillant (4). 3. An anchoring device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the rod (2) has a thread (19) and the rod is screwed into the cutting (4).
4. - Dispositif d'ancrage (1 ) selon les revendications 2 et 3, dans lequel le pas du filetage (19) de la tige est égal au pas de l'hélice (20). 4. - Anchoring device (1) according to claims 2 and 3, wherein the pitch of the thread (19) of the rod is equal to the pitch of the propeller (20).
5. - Dispositif d'ancrage (1 ) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 ou 2, dans lequel la tige (2) est emmanchée dans le taillant (4) de manière réversible. 5. - Anchoring device (1) according to any one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the rod (2) is fitted in the cutter (4) in a reversible manner.
6.- Dispositif d'ancrage (1 ) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la tige (2) comporte une deuxième partie extrême (18), la deuxième partie extrême (18) étant opposée à la première partie extrême (16), et dans lequel la tige (2) est creuse et définit un canal d'injection (22) débouchant dans la première partie extrême (16) et dans la deuxième partie extrême (18). 6. An anchoring device (1) according to any preceding claim, wherein the rod (2) has a second end portion (18), the second end portion (18) being opposite the first end portion ( 16), and wherein the rod (2) is hollow and defines an injection channel (22) opening into the first end portion (16) and the second end portion (18).
7.- Dispositif d'ancrage (1 ) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la tige (2) comporte une deuxième partie extrême (18), la deuxième partie extrême (18) étant opposée à la première partie extrême (16), et la deuxième partie extrême (18) comporte un obturateur (26), une partie de l'obturateur présentant un premier diamètre supérieur au diamètre du taillant (4). 7. An anchoring device (1) according to any preceding claim, wherein the rod (2) has a second end portion (18), the second end portion (18) being opposite the first end portion ( 16), and the second end portion (18) comprises a shutter (26), a portion of the shutter having a first diameter greater than the diameter of the cutter (4).
8. - Structure amovible comprenant : 8. - Removable structure comprising:
- au moins un dispositif (1 ) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, at least one device (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
- une plateforme soutenue par le ou les dispositifs (1 ). a platform supported by the device or devices (1).
9. - Procédé d'ancrage amovible dans un sol (10) comprenant les étapes suivantes : 9. - Method of removable anchoring in a soil (10) comprising the following steps:
- fourniture d'un dispositif (1 ) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, - Provision of a device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 7,
- forage d'une cavité (15) dans le sol (10) par le taillant (4), - drilling a cavity (15) in the ground (10) by the cutter (4),
- mise en place du dispositif d'ancrage (1 ) dans la cavité (15),  placing the anchoring device (1) in the cavity (15),
- injection et durcissement d'un matériau de scellement (24), de façon à assurer le scellement du dispositif d'ancrage (1 ) dans le sol (10),  - injection and hardening of a sealing material (24), so as to seal the anchoring device (1) in the ground (10),
- retrait de la tige (2) par détachement du film pelable (6).  - Removal of the rod (2) by detachment of the peelable film (6).
10.- Procédé d'ancrage selon la revendication 9, utilisant un dispositif d'ancrage (1 ) selon l'une des revendications 2 ou 3, dans lequel le retrait de la tige (2) comprend une opération de dévissage. 10. An anchoring method according to claim 9, using an anchoring device (1) according to one of claims 2 or 3, wherein the withdrawal of the rod (2) comprises a unscrewing operation.
EP15753913.1A 2014-08-04 2015-08-04 Ground anchor Active EP3177776B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1457585A FR3024481B1 (en) 2014-08-04 2014-08-04 ANCHORING DEVICE, REMOVABLE STRUCTURE, AND ANCHORING METHOD THEREFOR
PCT/EP2015/067989 WO2016020401A1 (en) 2014-08-04 2015-08-04 Anchoring device

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3177776A1 true EP3177776A1 (en) 2017-06-14
EP3177776B1 EP3177776B1 (en) 2018-06-27

Family

ID=51570737

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP15753913.1A Active EP3177776B1 (en) 2014-08-04 2015-08-04 Ground anchor

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3177776B1 (en)
ES (1) ES2688832T3 (en)
FR (1) FR3024481B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2016020401A1 (en)

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2414032B (en) * 2004-05-11 2008-12-10 Shire Structures Ltd Improvements in or relating to piles

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR3024481A1 (en) 2016-02-05
EP3177776B1 (en) 2018-06-27
FR3024481B1 (en) 2016-08-26
WO2016020401A1 (en) 2016-02-11
ES2688832T3 (en) 2018-11-07

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