EP3177699A1 - Additive für schwefelarmen marinediesel - Google Patents
Additive für schwefelarmen marinedieselInfo
- Publication number
- EP3177699A1 EP3177699A1 EP15739226.7A EP15739226A EP3177699A1 EP 3177699 A1 EP3177699 A1 EP 3177699A1 EP 15739226 A EP15739226 A EP 15739226A EP 3177699 A1 EP3177699 A1 EP 3177699A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- mol
- fuel oil
- oil composition
- composition according
- alkyl
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims description 29
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 229920001038 ethylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 70
- -1 acrylic ester Chemical class 0.000 claims description 45
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 45
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 38
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propene Chemical compound CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000003252 repetitive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical group CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 101500021084 Locusta migratoria 5 kDa peptide Proteins 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002763 monocarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005250 alkyl acrylate group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002762 monocarboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 27
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 18
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 12
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000012662 bulk polymerization Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000009969 flowable effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 7
- GQEZCXVZFLOKMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexadecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C GQEZCXVZFLOKMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- WBZPMFHFKXZDRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl 6,6-dimethylheptanoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CCCCC(=O)OC=C WBZPMFHFKXZDRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010528 free radical solution polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 5
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 5
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 5
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethenol Chemical compound OC=C IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N decan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCO MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001212 derivatisation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- NOPFSRXAKWQILS-UHFFFAOYSA-N docosan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO NOPFSRXAKWQILS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCO LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- IGBZOHMCHDADGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl 2-ethylhexanoate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)C(=O)OC=C IGBZOHMCHDADGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- TVFJAZCVMOXQRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl 7,7-dimethyloctanoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CCCCCC(=O)OC=C TVFJAZCVMOXQRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- IRHTZOCLLONTOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexacosan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO IRHTZOCLLONTOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 4
- VAMFXQBUQXONLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N icos-1-ene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C VAMFXQBUQXONLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 4
- CNNRPFQICPFDPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N octacosan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO CNNRPFQICPFDPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CCCMONHAUSKTEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecene Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C CCCMONHAUSKTEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- REIUXOLGHVXAEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO REIUXOLGHVXAEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010909 process residue Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- TYWMIZZBOVGFOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetracosan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO TYWMIZZBOVGFOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HLZKNKRTKFSKGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCO HLZKNKRTKFSKGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 4
- JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C=2NC=CN=2)=C1 JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyric aldehyde Natural products CCCC=O ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- NGYRYRBDIPYKTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N icosyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C NGYRYRBDIPYKTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920001603 poly (alkyl acrylates) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010557 suspension polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- XZHNPVKXBNDGJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C XZHNPVKXBNDGJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920002818 (Hydroxyethyl)methacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- XFRVVPUIAFSTFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Tridecanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCO XFRVVPUIAFSTFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexene Chemical compound CCCCC=C LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960002666 1-octacosanol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- HFDVRLIODXPAHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-tetradecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC=C HFDVRLIODXPAHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUJLWPFSUCHPQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 11-methyldodecan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCCCCO XUJLWPFSUCHPQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- GNSFRPWPOGYVLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxypropyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCCO GNSFRPWPOGYVLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-1-pentene Chemical compound CC(C)CC=C WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1 YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxyethyl methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCO WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical group CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AMIMRNSIRUDHCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropylaldehyde Chemical compound CC(C)C=O AMIMRNSIRUDHCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBBJYMSMWIIQGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propionic aldehyde Chemical compound CCC=O NBBJYMSMWIIQGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEPKQEUBKLEPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N VX-745 Chemical compound FC1=CC(F)=CC=C1SC1=NN2C=NC(=O)C(C=3C(=CC=CC=3Cl)Cl)=C2C=C1 VEPKQEUBKLEPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XXROGKLTLUQVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N allyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC=C XXROGKLTLUQVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920005603 alternating copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000010539 anionic addition polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- BTFJIXJJCSYFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N arachidyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO BTFJIXJJCSYFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000113 differential scanning calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 2
- UKMSUNONTOPOIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N docosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O UKMSUNONTOPOIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960000735 docosanol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- KHAYCTOSKLIHEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N docosyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C KHAYCTOSKLIHEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 2
- DGJZAAXKXDMFMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl 8,8-dimethylnonanoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CCCCCCC(=O)OC=C DGJZAAXKXDMFMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010763 heavy fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- XMHIUKTWLZUKEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexacosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O XMHIUKTWLZUKEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- PBOSTUDLECTMNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lauryl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C PBOSTUDLECTMNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010759 marine diesel oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002830 nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- UTOPWMOLSKOLTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N octacosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O UTOPWMOLSKOLTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FSAJWMJJORKPKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C FSAJWMJJORKPKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- YCOZIPAWZNQLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentadecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC YCOZIPAWZNQLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- SZHOJFHSIKHZHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O SZHOJFHSIKHZHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZDPHROOEEOARMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZDPHROOEEOARMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KJIOQYGWTQBHNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCO KJIOQYGWTQBHNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- YBJHBAHKTGYVGT-ZKWXMUAHSA-N (+)-Biotin Chemical compound N1C(=O)N[C@@H]2[C@H](CCCCC(=O)O)SC[C@@H]21 YBJHBAHKTGYVGT-ZKWXMUAHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CRSBERNSMYQZNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1 -dodecene Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=C CRSBERNSMYQZNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OMXANELYEWRDAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Hexacosene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C OMXANELYEWRDAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYSCBCSGKXNZRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzothiophene-2-carboxamide Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC(C(=O)N)=CC2=C1 GYSCBCSGKXNZRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octene Chemical compound CCCCCCC=C KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001644 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- FXNDIJDIPNCZQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,4-trimethylpent-1-ene Chemical group CC(=C)CC(C)(C)C FXNDIJDIPNCZQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AVTLBBWTUPQRAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanobutan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylbutanenitrile Chemical compound CCC(C)(C#N)N=NC(C)(CC)C#N AVTLBBWTUPQRAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XMNIXWIUMCBBBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-phenylpropan-2-ylperoxy)propan-2-ylbenzene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XMNIXWIUMCBBBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XILIYVSXLSWUAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(diethylamino)ethyl n'-phenylcarbamimidothioate;dihydrobromide Chemical compound Br.Br.CCN(CC)CCSC(N)=NC1=CC=CC=C1 XILIYVSXLSWUAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C=C GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound OCCOC(=O)C=C OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/14—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving low temperature properties
- C10L10/16—Pour-point depressants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/146—Macromolecular compounds according to different macromolecular groups, mixtures thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/16—Hydrocarbons
- C10L1/1625—Hydrocarbons macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/1633—Hydrocarbons macromolecular compounds homo- or copolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10L1/1641—Hydrocarbons macromolecular compounds homo- or copolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to carbon unsaturated bonds from compounds containing aliphatic monomers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/195—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10L1/1955—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals each having one carbon bond to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehyde, ketonic, ketal, acetal radical
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/195—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10L1/196—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and a carboxyl group or salts, anhydrides or esters thereof homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals each having one carbon bond to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical or of salts, anhydrides or esters thereof
- C10L1/1963—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and a carboxyl group or salts, anhydrides or esters thereof homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals each having one carbon bond to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical or of salts, anhydrides or esters thereof mono-carboxylic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/195—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10L1/196—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and a carboxyl group or salts, anhydrides or esters thereof homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals each having one carbon bond to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical or of salts, anhydrides or esters thereof
- C10L1/1966—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and a carboxyl group or salts, anhydrides or esters thereof homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals each having one carbon bond to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical or of salts, anhydrides or esters thereof poly-carboxylic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/195—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10L1/197—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and an acyloxy group of a saturated carboxylic or carbonic acid
- C10L1/1973—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and an acyloxy group of a saturated carboxylic or carbonic acid mono-carboxylic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2200/00—Components of fuel compositions
- C10L2200/04—Organic compounds
- C10L2200/0407—Specifically defined hydrocarbon fractions as obtained from, e.g. a distillation column
- C10L2200/0438—Middle or heavy distillates, heating oil, gasoil, marine fuels, residua
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2230/00—Function and purpose of a components of a fuel or the composition as a whole
- C10L2230/14—Function and purpose of a components of a fuel or the composition as a whole for improving storage or transport of the fuel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2250/00—Structural features of fuel components or fuel compositions, either in solid, liquid or gaseous state
- C10L2250/04—Additive or component is a polymer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2270/00—Specifically adapted fuels
- C10L2270/02—Specifically adapted fuels for internal combustion engines
- C10L2270/026—Specifically adapted fuels for internal combustion engines for diesel engines, e.g. automobiles, stationary, marine
Definitions
- the present invention relates to low sulfur marine diesel with improved cold properties and storage stability.
- Such fuels are also referred to as marine diesel oil (Marine Fuel Oil), marine residual oil (Residual Fuel Oil) or bunker oil (Bunker Fuel, Bunker C).
- Marine Fuel Oil marine residual oil
- bunker Oil bunker Fuel, Bunker C
- These very inexpensive fuels are based on residues of mineral oil distillation, to which more or less large quantities of less liquid distillates (“cutter stocks") are added to adjust various physicochemical parameters such as density, viscosity, flashpoint and / or sulfur content Production of such marine fuels used
- Residue oils contain predominantly relatively heavy molecules: long-chain alkanes and alkenes, higher molecular weight cycloalkanes and highly condensed aromatic hydrocarbons (asphaltenes) and metal compounds, for example, of nickel, vanadium, sodium and calcium. There are also various nitrogen and sulfur compounds. The sulfur content of such residual oils is often up to 6 wt .-%, so that also for setting the specified
- US 3726653 discloses the co-use of ethylene copolymers with oil-soluble polymers containing aliphatic alkyl chains with at least
- a comb polymer is poly (eicosyl acrylate).
- Residual fuels, heating oils and crude oils containing a polymer having a plurality of substantially linear paraffinic side chains each having at least 18 C atoms and an ethylene copolymer with at least one further ethylenically unsaturated compound are particularly suitable for the treatment of residues containing fuel oils and for the treatment of flash distillates (distillate heating oils).
- CA 2106185 discloses a method of lowering the viscosity of
- Vinyl acetate copolymer and a dialkyl fumarate-vinyl acetate copolymer is added.
- EP-A-1022293 discloses terpolymers of esters of ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, ⁇ -olefins and ethylenically unsaturated polyolefins having from 50 to 350 carbon atoms and their common use for improving the cold flow properties of crude oils, distillate oils or fuel oils and lubricating oils. These can also be used together with paraffin dispersants.
- SECAs SO x Emission Control Areas
- the sulfur content of the fuels from initially 1, 5 wt .-% since 2010 to 1, 0 wt. -% limited and a further reduction to 0.10 wt .-% is mandatory from 2015.
- European ports only the use of fuels with max. 0.1% by weight permitted.
- Corresponding qualities are specified, for example, in ISO / DFIS 8217: 2010.
- Desulfurization for example, were subjected to a hydrodesulfurization. Further, commercially much more interesting options for
- Residues from refinery processes whose feedstock has been desulphurised prior to being fed to said refinery process and, in particular, the use of residues from refinery operations during which desulphurisation takes place, especially hydrodesulphurisation.
- residues from a heavy gas oil such as those from a vacuum distillation derived vacuum gas oil operated cracking plant such as a hydroeracker, an FCC plant or an isocracker as a low-cost base component for the production of low-sulfur marine diesel suitable.
- At least partially hydrogenated compounds such as olefins and aromatics.
- the content of the oil of paraffinic constituents usually rises sharply, resulting in paraffin precipitations often already at temperatures above 20 ° C., often above 30 ° C. and partly at 40 ° C. and higher ("Wax Appearance Temperature"). WAT "and / or Cloud Point).
- WAT and / or Cloud Point
- Residual oils are usually separated by separators such as cyclones, this is done from low-sulfur marine diesel by means of felt or paper filters with a pore size of often less than 100 ⁇ and sometimes less than 10 ⁇ . When using low-sulfur marine diesel at temperatures below the cloud point, this can lead to clogging of the fuel filter by the paraffins then precipitated and thus to failure of the engine.
- low-sulfur marine diesel should be clear and bright; According to ISO 8217, the own stock point is now limited to a maximum of +6 ° C and in winter to a maximum of -6 ° C. Its viscosity is limited according to ISO 8217 to a maximum of 1 1 mm 2 / s at 40 ⁇ C and in special grades soar to 1.4 to 5.5 mm 2 / s at 40 ° C. On the other hand, contain the heavy components used for its preparation and in particular those from refinery processes
- the object of the invention was therefore to provide low-sulfur marine diesel, the lowest possible own stock point (pour point, determined by
- additives to be used should be free of sulfur and nitrogen compounds in order not to increase the content of the oil in environmentally harmful components.
- Comb polymers both the pour point lowered by low-sulfur marine diesel and at the same time the sedimentation of precipitating in the cold paraffins can be reduced or suppressed. This will be
- Another object of the invention is the use of
- Another object of the invention is the use of at least one comb polymer (B) for dispersing the, from a, at least one ethylene copolymer (A) containing low sulfur marine diesel with a
- Another object of the invention is a process for the dispersion of paraffins, which precipitate when stored at temperatures below the cloud point of low-sulfur marine diesel with a sulfur content of 1 wt .-% or less by the low-sulfur marine diesel
- a further subject of the invention is a process for dispersing paraffins precipitated from a low-sulfur marine diesel having a sulfur content of 1% by weight or below when stored below the cloud point, the low-sulfur marine diesel containing an ethylene copolymer (A), by adding a comb polymer (B).
- Compositions of ethylene copolymer (A) and comb polymer (B) are also referred to herein as an additive.
- Suitable ethylene copolymers (A) are in particular those which 8.0 to
- Vinyl esters suitable as comonomers are derived from fatty acids with linear or branched alkyl groups having 1 to 30 C atoms and in particular having 1 to 18 C atoms. Examples include vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate,
- Suitable ethylene copolymers (A) are those which are composed of ethylene and a vinyl ester, as well as those which, in addition to ethylene, contain two or more, for example three, four or five different vinyl esters. Also, as ethylene copolymers (A) are those containing, in addition to ethylene, one, two or more vinyl esters and one, two or more (meth) acrylic esters (all two or more comonomer-containing ethylene copolymers are also referred to herein as terpolymers). In addition, suitable ethylene copolymers (A) may contain minor amounts of structural elements derived from initiators and / or moderators.
- Preferred ethylene copolymers (A) are copolymers of ethylene and
- Preferred terpolymers (A) are selected from ethylene, vinyl acetate and
- Neodecan yarnvinylester or from ethylene, vinyl acetate and
- Vinyl neo-decanoate or vinyl-2-ethylhexanoate contain, apart from ethylene, from 7.7 to 15.9 mol%, in particular from 9.5 to 15.4 mol% and especially from 10.0 to 15.0 mol%, for example from 10.5 to 15.0 mol% of vinyl acetate and 0.1 to 6 mol%, in particular 0.2 to 5 mol% and especially 0.3 to 5 mol% of the respective long-chain vinyl ester, wherein the total comonomer content between 8.0 and 1 6.0 mol%, in particular between 10.0 and 15.5 mol% and especially between 10.5 and 15.0 mol%, for example between 10.5 and 14.5 mol%.
- suitable (meth) acrylic esters are esters of acrylic and
- Methacrylic acid and preferably those having 1 to 20 C atoms in the alkyl radical such as methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, n- and iso-propyl (meth) acrylate, n- and iso-butyl (meth) acrylate, hexyl , Octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, decyl, dodecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl, octadecyl (meth) acrylate. Also mixtures of two, three, four or more of these comonomers are suitable. In a preferred,
- Embodiments employ terpolymers of ethylene, a vinyl ester and a (meth) acrylic ester such as terpolymers of ethylene, vinyl acetate and methyl acrylate, of ethylene, vinyl acetate and iso-butyl acrylate or of ethylene, vinyl acetate and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate.
- terpolymers of ethylene, a vinyl ester and a (meth) acrylic ester such as terpolymers of ethylene, vinyl acetate and methyl acrylate, of ethylene, vinyl acetate and iso-butyl acrylate or of ethylene, vinyl acetate and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate.
- terpolymers of ethylene, a vinyl ester and a (meth) acrylic ester such as terpolymers of ethylene, vinyl acetate and methyl acrylate, of ethylene, vinyl acetate and iso-butyl acrylate or of ethylene, vinyl
- Terpolymers contain, apart from ethylene, from 7.7 to 1.69 mol%, in particular from 9.5 to 15.9 mol% and especially from 10.0 to 15.4 mol%, such as from 10.5 to
- copolymers (A) contain, in addition to ethylene and 8.0 to
- (Meth) acrylic ester still 0.1 to 5 mol% and preferably 0.2 to 4 mol% of one or more olefins having 3 to 8 carbon atoms such as propene, butene, isobutylene, hexene, 4-methylpentene, octene, diisobutylene and or norbornene whose molar content is subtracted from the molar ethylene content.
- one or more olefins having 3 to 8 carbon atoms such as propene, butene, isobutylene, hexene, 4-methylpentene, octene, diisobutylene and or norbornene whose molar content is subtracted from the molar ethylene content.
- Preferred olefin is propene.
- Particularly preferred terpolymers of ethylene, one or more vinyl and / or (meth) acrylic esters and propene have from 0.5 to 4.0 propene-derived methyl groups per 100 aliphatic carbon atoms. The number of propene-derived methyl groups (propene-CH 3 ) per
- terpolymers of ethylene, vinyl ester and propene show a characteristic signal of methyl groups attached to the polymer backbone of between about 19.3 and 19.9 ppm, which have a positive sign in the DEPT experiment.
- the Integral to this signal of the propene-derived methyl side groups of the polymer backbone is set in relation to that of all other aliphatic carbon atoms of the polymer backbone between about 6 and 44 ppm. From the alkyl residues of the unsaturated esters originating and with the signals of the
- Polymer backbone superimposing signals are based on the signal of the carbonyl group of the unsaturated ester adjacent methine from the
- Such measurements can be, for example, NMR spectrometers at a measuring frequency of 125 MHz at 30 ⁇ C in solvents such as CDCl 3, or C 2 D 2 Cl 4 perform.
- the copolymers (A) preferably have average number average molecular weights Mn of between 1, 000 and 7,000 g / mol and especially between 1,200 and 5,000 g / mol.
- the weight-average molecular weight is preferably between 2,000 and
- the molecular weight of the copolymers (A) can also be characterized by their melt viscosity; measured at 140 ° C (solvent-free)
- Melt viscosity of preferred copolymers (A) is between 20 and 5,000 mPas, in particular between 30 and 2,000 mPas and especially between 50 and
- the determined by 1 H NMR spectroscopy degrees of branching of the copolymers (A) are preferably between 2 and 7 CH 3/100 CH 2 groups, in particular between 2.5 and 6 CH 3/100 CH 2 groups such as 2,7 to 5 CH 3 / I OO CH 2 groups, which do not come from the comonomers.
- the copolymers (A) can be prepared by known copolymerization methods such as suspension polymerization, solvent polymerization or high-pressure bulk polymerization.
- the copolymers (A) are preferably prepared by high-pressure mass polymerization at pressures of from 50 to 400 MPa, preferably 100 to 300 MPa and temperatures of 100 to 300 ⁇ , preferably 150 to 220 ° C produced.
- the polymerization is carried out in a multi-zone reactor, wherein the temperature difference between the Peroxiddostechniken along the tubular reactor is kept as low as possible, ie ⁇ 50 ° C, preferably ⁇ 30 ⁇ , in particular ⁇ 15 ° C.
- the temperature maxima in the individual reaction zones preferably differ by less than 30 ° C., more preferably by less than 20 ° C. and especially by less than 10 ° C.
- the reaction of the monomers is by free-radical initiators
- Oxygen, hydroperoxides, peroxides and azo compounds such as
- t-butyl perbenzoate dicumyl peroxide, t-butyl cumyl peroxide, di (t-butyl) peroxide, 2,2'-azobis (2-methylpropanonitrile), 2,2'-azobis (2-methylbutyronitrile).
- Initiators are used individually or as a mixture of two or more substances in amounts of 0.01 to 20 wt .-%, preferably 0.05 to 10 wt .-%, based on the monomer mixture.
- the high pressure bulk polymerization is carried out in known high pressure reactors, e.g. As autoclaves or tubular reactors, carried out batchwise or continuously, have proven particularly useful tubular reactors.
- Solvents such as aliphatic and / or aromatic hydrocarbons or hydrocarbon mixtures, benzene or toluene may be present in the reaction mixture. Preferred is the substantially solvent-free operation.
- substantially solvent-free operation is preferred.
- Preferred moderators are, for example, hydrogen, saturated and unsaturated
- Hydrocarbons such as propane or propene, aldehydes such as propionaldehyde, n-butyraldehyde or isobutyraldehyde, ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone and Alcohols such as butanol and mixtures thereof.
- aldehydes such as propionaldehyde, n-butyraldehyde or isobutyraldehyde
- ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone and Alcohols such as butanol and mixtures thereof.
- the copolymers (A) may contain at the chain ends of structural elements derived from the respective moderators.
- the comonomers as well as the moderators can be metered into the reactor both together with ethylene and separately via side streams.
- the monomer streams can be composed differently (EP-A-0 271 738 and EP-A-0 922 71 6).
- mixtures of identical or different copolymers (A) are used, the copolymers underlying the mixtures having at least one characteristic
- the mixing ratio of the various ethylene copolymers (A) is preferably between 20: 1 and 1:20, preferably 10: 1 to 1:10, in particular 5: 1 to 1: 5, for example between 20: 1 and 1:10, between 20 : 1 and 1: 5, between 1:20 and 10: 1 or between 1:20 and 5: 1.
- Preferred comb polymers (B) contain at least 40 mol%, preferably 50 to 100 mol%, particularly preferably 60 to 95 mol% and especially 65 to 90 mol% of repeating structural units (B1), the Ci 0 -C 2 8- Carry alkyl radicals.
- the proportion of comb polymers (B) of repeating structural units (B1) may be between 50 and 100 mol%, between 60 and 100 mol%, between 65 and 100 mol%, between 40 and 90 mol%, between 50 and 90 mol%, between 60 and 90 mol%, between 65 and 90 mol%, between 40 and 95 mol%, between 50 and 95 mol%, between 60 and 95 mol% and between 65 and 95 mol% lie.
- the proportion of comb polymers (B) of repeating structural units (B1) may be between 50 and 100 mol%, between 60 and 100 mol%, between 65 and 100 mol%, between 40 and 90 mol%, between 50 and 90 mol%, between 60 and 90 mol%, between 65 and
- Structural units (B1) are preferably derived from C 1 -C 2 8-alkyl esters of unsaturated mono- and dicarboxylic acids, C 1 -C 2 8-alkyl vinyl esters, C 1 -C 2 -8-alkyl vinyl ethers, C 1 -C 28 -alkyl allyl ethers and / or linear C 2 -C 3 o-ci-olefins from.
- the C 2 -C 2 8-alkyl and in particular those which carry Ci -C 4 2 8-alkyl radicals and extending from the corresponding preferred alkyl esters of unsaturated mono- and dicarboxylic acids are especially preferably repetitive structural units (B1), the C 2 -C 2 8-alkyl and in particular those which carry Ci -C 4 2 8-alkyl radicals and extending from the corresponding preferred alkyl esters of unsaturated mono- and dicarboxylic acids.
- Alkyl vinyl esters alkyl vinyl ethers, Alkylallylethern and / or linear a-olefins derived.
- Structural units (B1) bonded alkyl radicals 1 2 to 1 6 carbon atoms and at least 5 mol% of alkyl radicals having 1 8 or more carbon atoms. Particularly preferably, at least 20 mol% of the alkyl radicals attached to the repetitive structural units (B1) have 14 and / or 1 6 carbon atoms.
- At least 5 mol% of the repeating structural units (B1) is further particularly preferably have bonded alkyl groups containing 20 or more carbon atoms is particularly preferred, the content of C is 2 -C 6 alkyl groups of the repetitive structural units (B1) bonded between radicals 25 and 95 mol%, in particular between 30 and 92 mol% and especially between 50 and 90 mol% and especially especially between 60 and 90 mol%, for example between 20 and 95 mol%, between 30 and 95 mol% %, between 50 and 95 mol%, between 60 and 95 mol%, between 20 and 92 mol%, between 25 and
- the content of C 4 -C 6 -alkyl radicals of the alkyl radicals bonded to the repetitive structural units (B 1) is between 25 and 95 mol%, in particular between 30 and 92 mol% and especially between 50 and 90 mol% and especially especially between 60 to 90 mol%, for example between 20 and 95 mol%, between 30 and 95 mol%, between 50 and 95 mol%, between 60 and 60%
- the content of alkyl radicals having 18 or more carbon atoms of the alkyl radicals bonded to the repetitive structural units (B1) is particularly preferably between 5 and 75 mol%, in particular between 8 and 70 mol% and especially between 10 and 50 mol% and especially especially between 10 and 40 mol%, for example between 5 and 80 mol%, between 5 and 70 mol%, between 5 and 50 mol%, between 5 and 40 mol%, between 8 and 80 mol% , between 8 and 75 mol%, between 8 and 50 mol%, between 8 and 40 mol%, between 10 and 80 mol%, between 10 and 75 mol%, between 10 and 70 mol% or also between 10 and 40 mol%.
- the content of alkyl radicals having 20 or more carbon atoms of the alkyl radicals attached to the repeating structural units (B1) is between 5 and 75 mol%, in particular between 8 and 70 mol% and especially between 10 and 50 mol%, and especially especially between 10 and 40 mol%, for example between 5 and 80 mol%, between 5 and 70 mol%, between 5 and 50 mol%, between 5 and 40 mol%, between 8 and 80 mol%, between 8 and 75 mol%, between 8 and 50 mol%, between 8 and 40 mol%, between 10 and 80 mol%, between 10 and 75 mol%, between 10 and 70 mol -% or between 10 and 40 mol%.
- the proportions of the alkyl radicals having 12 to 16 C atoms bonded to the repeating structural units (B1) add up with the proportions of those bonded to the repeating structural units (B1)
- the proportions of the alkyl radicals having 14 and / or 16 carbon atoms bound to the repetitive structural units (B1) add to the proportions of the alkyl radicals having 18 or more carbon atoms bound to the repeating structural units (B1) 100%.
- the proportions of the bound to the repetitive structural units (B1) add up
- Structural units (B1) bonded alkyl radicals having 20 or more carbon atoms to 100% are Structural units (B1) bonded alkyl radicals having 20 or more carbon atoms to 100%.
- the proportions of the alkyl radicals attached to the repetitive structural units (B1) with 14 and / or 1 6 C atoms add up with the proportions of the repeating structural units (B1) bonded alkyl radicals having 20 or more carbon atoms to 100%.
- mi, m 2 , ... m g are the mole fractions of the abovementioned monomers in
- p-1; p 2 ; pg is the number of alkyl radicals per monomer unit and is an integer of 1, 2 or 3,
- wn, wij..w 2 i, w 2 j ... w gp are the weight fractions of the individual chain lengths i, j,... p of the alkyl radicals of the various monomers (B) 1 to g in the polymer, and
- nn, n-ij..n 2i , n 2j ... n gp are the chain lengths of the alkyl radicals i, j, .... p of the monomers in
- Polymer (B) are 1 to g.
- S takes values between 15.1 and 19.5, more preferably between 15.3 and 18.9, and especially between 15.5 and 18.5, such as between 15.0 and 19.5, between 15 and 15.5 , 0 and 18.9, between 15.0 and 18.5, between 15.1 and 18.0, between 15.1 and 18.9, between 15.1 and 18.5, between 15.3 and 19, 5, between 15.3 and 18.5, between 15.5 and 20.0, between 15.5 and 19.5, or even between 15.5 and 18.9.
- alkyl (meth) acrylates for example alkyl (meth) acrylates, monoesters of dicarboxylic acids, alkyl vinyl esters and
- Alkyl vinyl ether p is 1, for two alkyl radicals carrying monomers such as For example, diesters of ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids such as maleic acid or fumaric acid is p for 2.
- the alkyl radicals of the structural units B1 are preferably linear, but may also contain minor amounts of branched isomers of up to 30 mol%, preferably up to 20 mol% and in particular from 2 to 5 mol%.
- the invention is preferred
- the alkyl chain lengths achieved by mixing two or more polymers such as three, four or more polymers.
- leads / C
- the comb polymer (B) contains up to 60 mol%, preferably 1 to 50 mol%, in particular 10 to 40 mol% and especially 20 to 40 mol%, for example 1 to 60 mol%, 1 to 40 mol%, 10 to 60 mol%, 10 to 50 mol%, 20 to 60 mol% or even 20 to 50 mol% of further repetitive structural units (B2).
- Preferred further repeating structural units (B2) are derived from unsaturated mono- and dicarboxylic acids and their C 1 -C -alkyl esters, C 1 -C -alkyl vinyl esters, C 1 -C -alkyl vinyl ethers, C 1 -C 9 -alkyl allyl ethers, linear C 3 -C 8 ⁇ -olefins and / or branched C -C 50 olefins from.
- the repetitive structural units (B2) can also contain heteroatoms such as
- Suitable further comonomers from which repetitive structural units (B2) are derived are vinyl acetate, methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, ethyl methacrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxypropyl methacrylate, hexene, styrene, and branched olefins, in particular oligomers of isobutylene and
- the polymers B) consist only of the repetitive
- Structural units B1) and optionally B2) which then add up to 100 mol%.
- Preferred monomers from which the repetitive structural units (B1) of the copolymers (B) are derived are esters of unsaturated carboxylic acids with 3 to
- alcohols bearing alkyl radicals having 10 to 28 carbon atoms are linear, but they may also contain minor amounts, e.g. B. up to 20 wt .-%, preferably up to 10 wt .-% and especially up to 5 wt .-% branched alkyl radicals. If present, the branches are preferably in the 1 or 2 position. Examples of preferred alcohols are decanol, undecanol,
- Dicarboxylic acids can be used as partial esters; however, their diesters are preferably used. Diesters are understood to mean those compounds in which at least 70 mol%, in particular 70 to 98 mol% and especially 80 to 95 mol% such as 70 to 100 mol%, 70 to 95 mol%, 80 to 100 mol% or even 80 to 98 mol% of the carboxyl groups esterified.
- Further preferred monomers from which the repetitive structural units (B1) of the copolymers (B) are derived are esters and / or ethers of ethylenically unsaturated alcohols having 2 to 10 and in particular 2 to 4 Carbon atoms and carboxylic acids or alcohols which carry alkyl radicals having 10 to 28 carbon atoms.
- Examples of such monomers are esters of vinyl alcohol with decanoic acid, neodecanoic acid, undecanoic acid,
- Neoundecanoic acid dodecanoic acid, tridecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid,
- Pentadecanoic acid hexadecanoic acid, octadecanoic acid, icosanoic acid,
- Docosanoic acid tetracosanoic acid, hexacosanoic acid, octacosanoic acid and mixtures thereof.
- Further examples of such monomers are ethers of allyl and especially vinyl alcohol with decanol, undecanol, dodecanol,
- n-tridecanol isotridecanol, tetradecanol, pentadecanol, hexadecanol,
- Octadecanol eicosanol, docosanol, tetracosanol, hexacosanol, octacosanol and mixtures thereof.
- olefins having 1 2 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably having 12 to 24 carbon atoms and in particular having 14 to 18 carbon atoms and mixtures thereof. These are preferably linear ⁇ -olefins with terminal double bond.
- side chain length of olefins is meant here the alkyl radical leaving the polymer backbone, ie the chain length of the monomeric olefin minus the two olefinically bonded C atoms.
- Suitable olefins are, for example, dodecene, tetradecene, hexadecene,
- Octadecene eicos, docoses, tetracoses, hexacoses, octacoses and mixtures thereof.
- alkyl (meth) acrylates alkyl (meth) acrylates, alkyl vinyl esters, alkyl vinyl ethers having 1 to 5 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical and ethylenically unsaturated free carboxylic acids such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid and functional groups such as -OH, -SH, -N -, -CN-bearing monomers and others with said monomers
- copolymerizable compounds such as allyl polyglycol ethers,
- Vinylaromatics and higher molecular weight olefins such as poly (isobutylene) may also be present in minor amounts of up to 20 mol%, preferably up to 10 mol% and especially up to 5 mol% in the copolymers (B). All comonomers contained in the comb polymer (B) which do not carry Ci 0 -C 2 8 alkyl chains are not taken into account in the calculation of the factor S.
- the polymers according to the invention can be prepared by direct polymerization from the monomers mentioned in known polymerization processes such as bulk, solution, emulsion, suspension or precipitation polymerization.
- Hydroxyl-bearing base polymer with the fatty alcohols described for the preparation of the corresponding esters of unsaturated carboxylic acids or unsaturated alcohols or fatty acids, each having 1 0 to
- 28 C atoms are produced in the alkyl radical.
- the esterifications and / or etherifications are carried out by known condensation methods.
- the derivatization may be complete or partial.
- Partially esterified, acid-based polymers (solvent-free) preferably have acid numbers of 60-140 mg KOH / g and in particular 80-120 mg KOH / g.
- Copolymers with acid numbers of less than 60 mg KOH / g, in particular less than 30 mg KOH / g and especially less than 1 5 mg KOH / g are considered to be fully derivatized.
- Partially esterified or etherified hydroxyl-bearing polymers have OH numbers of 40 to 200 mg KOH / g, preferably 60 to 1 50 mg KOH / g; Copolymers having hydroxyl numbers of less than 40 mg KOH / g, in particular less than 25 mg KOH / g and in particular less than 20 mg KOH / g are considered to be fully derivatized. Especially preferred are fully derivatized polymers.
- suitable acid-bearing polymers are homo- and copolymers of ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid or their reactive equivalents such as lower esters or anhydrides such as methyl methacrylate and
- Maleic anhydride with each other as well as with other monomers copolymerizable with these acids are poly (acrylic acid), Poly (methacrylic acid), poly (maleic acid), poly (maleic anhydride),
- Polymers which are particularly suitable for derivatization with fatty acids and / or fatty alcohols to esters and / or ethers are homopolymers and copolymers of monomers carrying hydroxyl groups, such as vinyl alcohol, allyl alcohol or hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate and hydroxypropyl methacrylate.
- the number-average molecular weights of the copolymers B according to the invention are between 1, 000 and 100,000, in particular between 2,000 and 50,000 and in particular between 2,500 and 25,000 g / mol, measured by means of
- Copolymers of the invention must be oil-soluble in practice-relevant dosing quantities, ie they must dissolve in the oil to be additized at 50 ° C. without residue.
- Ci 0 -C 2 8-alkyl vinyl esters Ci 0 -C 28 - alkyl vinyl ethers and unsaturated monocarboxylic acid Ci 0 -C 2 8-alkyl esters.
- polymers examples include poly (C 1 -C 2 8-alkyl vinyl esters),
- Such polymers are for example by means of radical solution, bulk or
- Examples of such polymers are a preferably alternating copolymer of maleic anhydride esterified with 1 to 2 mol (based on copolymerized maleic anhydride) of C 1 -C 28 -alcohol and a Ci 2 -C 3 oa olefin, a copolymerized with 1 to 2 mol (based on polymerized maleic anhydride) Ci 0 -C 2 8 alcohol copolymer of maleic anhydride and a Ci 0 -C 2 8-alkyl acrylate, one with 1 to 2 mol (based on copolymerized maleic anhydride)
- Such polymers are accessible, for example, by free-radical solution and bulk polymerization, it being possible for the esterification to take place before or preferably after the polymerization of the free acid or its anhydride.
- Cio-C 28 alkyl fumarate-Ci-C 5 -alkyl vinyl ester copolymers such as a copolymer of vinyl acetate with one by esterification of
- Such polymers are accessible for example via anionic polymerization.
- Mean value of the S-values of the mixture components again values of 15.0 to 20.0, preferably between 15.1 and 19.5, in particular between 15.3 and 18.9 and especially between 15.5 and 18.5 such as between 15.0 and 19.5, between 15.0 and 18.9, between 15.0 and 18.5, between 15.1 and 18.0, between 15.1 and 18.9, between 15.1 and 18.5, between 15.3 and 19.5, between 15.3 and 18.5, between 15.5 and 20.0, between 15.5 and 19.5, or between 15.5 and 18.9.
- the components (A) and (B) can be added separately to the oils to be added. Preferably, they are added as a mixture.
- 20: 1 to 1:20 preferably 10: 1 to 1:10, in particular 5: 1 to 1: 3, for example between 20: 1 and 1:10, between 20: 1 and 1: 3, between 10: 1 and 1: 20, between 10: 1 and 1: 3, between 10: 1 and 1:20, between 10: 1 and 1: 3, between 5: 1 and 1:20 or between 5: 1 and 1: 10th
- Ethylene copolymers (A) alone usually have only an unsatisfactory effect on the cold properties such as the pour point of low-sulfur marine diesel. However, their presence leads to a
- Paraffins Comb polymers (B) alone usually have no or only a slight pour point lowering and / or paraffin-dispersing activity in low-sulfur marine diesel.
- the combination of comb polymers (B) with ethylene copolymers (A) achieves a synergistic reduction of the pour point as well as a dispersion of the paraffins, so that the additized oil remains pumpable even after prolonged storage below the cloud point and does not lead to filter blockages.
- the low-sulfur marine diesel according to the invention contain the additives from (A) and (B) preferably in amounts of 0.001 to 2 wt .-%, preferably 0.005 to 1 wt .-% and especially 0.01 to 0.5 wt .-%. They can be dissolved as such or as a concentrate or dispersed in solvents, such as. As aliphatic and / or aromatic hydrocarbons or hydrocarbon mixtures such. As toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, decane, pentadecane, gasoline fractions, kerosene, naphtha, diesel, fuel oil, isoparaffins or commercial
- Solvent mixtures such as Solvent Naphtha, Shellsol ® AB, Solvesso ® 150, Solvesso ® 200, Exxsol ® -, Isopar ® - and Shellsol ® D grades are used.
- the additives according to the invention preferably contain as concentrate 1 to
- Low-sulfur marine diesel is understood to mean marine propellants which contain not more than 1.5% by weight of sulfur, preferably not more than 0.1% by weight of sulfur and in particular not more than 0.5% by weight of sulfur, for example maximum
- 0.1 wt .-% sulfur preferably have a viscosity of less than 200 mm 2 / s, more preferably below 100 mm 2 / s, more preferably between 1, 0 and 20 mm 2 / s, especially preferably between 1, 0 and 15 mm 2 / s, in particular between 1, 2 and 15 mm 2 / s and especially between 1, 4 and 10 mm 2 / s such as between 1, 0 and 200 mm 2 / s, between 1, 2 and 200 mm 2 / s, between 1, 4 and 200 mm 2 / s, between 1, 0 and 100 mm 2 / s, between 1, 2 and 100 mm 2 / s, between 1, 4 and 100 mm 2 / s, between 1, 0 and 20 mm 2 / s , between 1, 0 and 10 mm 2 / s, between 1, 2 and 20 mm 2 / s, between 1, 2 and 10, between 1, 4 and 20 or between 1, 4 and 15 mm 2 / s
- Marine diesel is left untreated, d. H. before the addition of the pour point lowering additives at least 6 ° C, preferably between 6 and 36 ° C, more preferably between 6 and 33 ° C, especially between 9 and 33 ° C as
- the beginning of the paraffin precipitation is preferably above 0 ° C., particularly preferably above Ib + 5 ° C. and in particular above + 10 ° C.
- the beginning of the paraffin deposition can optically through
- Measurement of the cloud point in accordance with ISO 3015 or calorimetrically by measuring the heat flow during cooling (by means of differential scanning calorimetry, DSC).
- suitable low-sulfur marine diesel can be any low-sulfur marine diesel.
- Mineral oil fractions such as kerosene, light gas oil, heavy gas oil, light and possibly heavy cycle oil, or vacuum gas oil are produced.
- VGO Vacuum Gas Oil
- HCGO Heavy Coker Gas Oil
- UAO Unconverted Oil
- Fischer-Tropsch waxes also by desulfurization of residues of the Mineral oil distillation is open to fuel oils suitable for use in marine diesel.
- Residues preferably used for the preparation of marine diesel suitable according to the invention have a boiling point above 450 ° C., particularly preferably above 480 ° C., in particular above 50 ° C. and especially above 510 ° C. (determinable according to ASTM D-2887).
- Other before ferred residues have a 50% distillation point of above 400 ° C, more preferably above 420 ° C, especially above 435 ° C and s peziell above 450 ° C (also determinable according to ASTM D-2887).
- Preferred residues usually contain more than 3 wt .-% and preferably 3 to 40 wt .-%, particularly preferably 4 to 30 wt .-%, in particular 5 to 25 wt .-% and especially 6 to 20 wt .-% such as 3 to
- paraffins with C-chain lengths of more than 24 carbon atoms For the determination of C-chain distribution and content of n-paraffins in the low-sulfur residue, the gas chromatography (GC) and in particularly high-boiling residues, the high-temperature GC have proven. With the latter method, paraffins with 80 or more carbon atoms can be analyzed. In such particularly high-boiling residues refer to the above
- Paraffin content on paraffins with 25 to 80 carbon atoms Paraffin content on paraffins with 25 to 80 carbon atoms.
- Marine diesel preferred residues is preferably below 0.5 wt .-%, preferably between 1 and 3000 ppm by weight, more preferably between 5 and 2000 ppm by weight, in particular between 10 and 1, 500 wt .-% and especially between 20 and 1, 000 ppm by weight such as between 1 and
- the measured at 40 ° C viscosity for the producible inventively suitable marine diesel preferred residues is usually between 10 and 1, 000 mm 2 / s, in particular between 15 and 500 mm 2 / s and especially between 20 and 100 mm 2 / s such as between 10 and 500 mm 2 / s, between 10 and 100 mm 2 / s, between 15 and 1 000 mm 2 / s, between 20 and 500 mm 2 / s or between 20 and 500 mm 2 / s.
- suitable marine diesel preferred residues is usually 9 ° C or higher, often at 12 to 60 ° C and especially at 15 to 51 ⁇ beispielswe are at 9 to 60 ⁇ , at 15 to 60 ° C, at 9 to 51 ⁇ or even at 15 to 51 ° C.
- they contain no or only small amounts of asphaltenes such as less than
- the proportion of process residues in the low-sulfur marine diesel is preferably from 5 to 90% by weight, particularly preferably from 10 to 80% by weight,
- low-sulfur marine diesel fuels which are suitable contain less than 10% by weight of a residue from the crude oil distillation, more preferably from 0.1 to 3% by weight and in particular are free from
- the total content of particularly suitable low-sulfur marine diesel according to the invention is below 500 ppm (m / m), preferably below 200 ppm (m / m) and in particular below 100 ppm (m / m), for example below 50 ppm (m / m).
- residues are preferably mixed with lighter components ("cutter stocks") such as kerosene, light gas oil, heavy gas oil, light and possibly heavy cycle oil or vacuum gas oil.
- the proportions of the low-sulfur marine diesel add up to process residues and lighter components to 100%.
- the low-sulfur marine diesel preferably contains 10 to 20,000 ppm by weight, more preferably 50 to 10,000 ppm by weight, and especially 100 to 5,000 ppm by weight, for example 10 to 10,000 ppm by weight, 10 to 5,000% by weight . ppm or 100 to 10,000 ppm by weight of the mixture of A) and B) added.
- the additives as well as the low-sulfur marine diesel containing them may also contain other additives such as, for example, further paraffin inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors, antioxidants, defoamers, combustion improvers and / or lubricity improvers.
- Preferred further paraffin inhibitors are ethylene copolymers derived from (A) in at least one property such as comonomer content,
- Paraffin dispersants In a preferred embodiment, based on the comb polymer (B), they contain less than 50% by weight of WASA, particularly preferably 0.01 to 20% by weight and in particular 0.1 to 10% by weight, for example 0.2 to 1% WASA. In a specific embodiment, they do not contain WASA.
- the marine diesel products listed in Table 2 were mixed from the components characterized in Table 1.
- the content of n-paraffins with 25 to 80 carbon atoms is determined by gas chromatography (GC) or high-temperature GC, the sulfur content by means of wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis according to ISO 14596.
- ethylene copolymers A As ethylene copolymers A), ethylene copolymers prepared by high-pressure mass polymerization having the properties shown in Table 3 are used. The determination of the comonomer content is carried out by means of 1 H-NMR spectroscopy, as a measure of the molecular weight of the solvent-free polymer at 140 ° C, the viscosity is determined. The determination of the molecular weights is carried out by GPC in THF against poly (styrene) standards. The polymers are used as 65 wt .-% concentrates or in the case of A2 as a 35% concentrate in higher boiling organic solvent. Table 3: Ethylene copolymers used (A)
- Polymers prepared by known processes were used as comb polymers.
- the substantially alternating copolymers B1 to B3 and B8 to B10 from 50 mol% maleic anhydride (MSA) and 50 mol% linear ⁇ -olefin are prepared in a free-radically initiated solution polymerization in organic solvent and then with 2 mol of the specified in Table 4 Alcohol mixture esterified.
- Copolymer B6 were prepared in a free-radically initiated solution polymerization.
- the olefin copolymer B7 was prepared in an anionic polymerization.
- the composition of the alcohols and olefins refers to the mole% of the components in the particular mixture.
- the comb polymers are used as 50% concentrates in higher boiling aromatic solvent. Table 4A: Used comb polymers (B)
- B5 poly (alkyl acrylate) from 15 mol% dodecyl acrylate 45 mol% tetradecyl acrylate, 20 mol% hexadecyl acrylate, 2 mol% octadecyl acrylate, 12 mol%
- B10 (Comp.): Poly (MSA-co-C 20 /24-olefin) with 3% Ci 8 -, 44% C 20 -, 35% C 22 - and
- B1 1 (See.): Poly (alkyl acrylate) from 7% decyl acrylate, 74% dodecyl acrylate and
- Table 4B Alkyl chain distribution in the side chains of the comb polymers (B), mol%
- Paraffin dispersion described conditions stored (1 6 h, 5 ° C below Cloud Point) stored. Subsequently, the oil at the storage temperature without prior heating by a pipette from below from the measuring cylinder (100 ml) through a paper filter (0 4 cm, pore size «0.6 ⁇ ) under a constant abs. Vacuum drawn from 125 mbar. It was recorded in 10 seconds
- Intervals determines the time required for the filtration of the entire sample volume or for poorly filterable samples filtered within 5 minutes volume.
- the dispersion was only qualitatively assessed here as very good (++), when the upper phase was homogeneously cloudy, as good (+), when the upper phase was cloudy and the lower phase without separated sediment or poor (-) when the upper phase was clear and a sediment was visible.
- Table 8 Filterability of test oil 1 at 19 ° C (after storage at 19 ° C)
- Table 1 1 Improvement of flowability, dispersion and filterability of test oil 4 at 1 2 ° C (after storage at 1 2 ⁇ C)
- bunker oil used had a density (at 20 ° C) of 0.995 g / cm 3, a viscosity (at 40 "C) of 28 0 cSt, a pour point of 33 ° C and a Wax Appearance Temperature (corresponds to the cloud Point, which is not determinable in oils containing residues) of 47 ° C.
- Table 12 Improvement of flowability, dispersion and filterability of a bunker oil with 2.9% sulfur at 30 ° C (after storage at 30 ° C)
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Abstract
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HRP20200842TT HRP20200842T1 (hr) | 2014-08-07 | 2020-05-25 | Dodaci za brodski dizel sa smanjenim udjelom sumpora |
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PCT/EP2015/065932 WO2016020144A1 (de) | 2014-08-07 | 2015-07-13 | Additive für schwefelarmen marinediesel |
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EP (1) | EP3177699B1 (de) |
KR (1) | KR102365225B1 (de) |
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HR (1) | HRP20200842T1 (de) |
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US10690605B1 (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2020-06-23 | Florida A&M University | Method of crude oil analysis |
US20190233741A1 (en) * | 2017-02-12 | 2019-08-01 | Magēmā Technology, LLC | Multi-Stage Process and Device for Reducing Environmental Contaminates in Heavy Marine Fuel Oil |
US10696906B2 (en) | 2017-09-29 | 2020-06-30 | Marathon Petroleum Company Lp | Tower bottoms coke catching device |
US12000720B2 (en) | 2018-09-10 | 2024-06-04 | Marathon Petroleum Company Lp | Product inventory monitoring |
US10781391B2 (en) | 2018-11-27 | 2020-09-22 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Low sulfur marine fuel compositions |
US10597594B1 (en) | 2018-11-27 | 2020-03-24 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Low sulfur marine fuel compositions |
US10443006B1 (en) | 2018-11-27 | 2019-10-15 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Low sulfur marine fuel compositions |
WO2020112096A1 (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2020-06-04 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Low sulfur marine fuel compositions |
US12031676B2 (en) | 2019-03-25 | 2024-07-09 | Marathon Petroleum Company Lp | Insulation securement system and associated methods |
US11975316B2 (en) | 2019-05-09 | 2024-05-07 | Marathon Petroleum Company Lp | Methods and reforming systems for re-dispersing platinum on reforming catalyst |
US11384301B2 (en) | 2020-02-19 | 2022-07-12 | Marathon Petroleum Company Lp | Low sulfur fuel oil blends for stability enhancement and associated methods |
EP3885424A1 (de) * | 2020-03-24 | 2021-09-29 | Clariant International Ltd | Zusammensetzungen und verfahren zur dispergierung von paraffinen in schwefelarmen brennstoffölen |
US11898109B2 (en) | 2021-02-25 | 2024-02-13 | Marathon Petroleum Company Lp | Assemblies and methods for enhancing control of hydrotreating and fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) processes using spectroscopic analyzers |
US11905468B2 (en) | 2021-02-25 | 2024-02-20 | Marathon Petroleum Company Lp | Assemblies and methods for enhancing control of fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) processes using spectroscopic analyzers |
US11702600B2 (en) | 2021-02-25 | 2023-07-18 | Marathon Petroleum Company Lp | Assemblies and methods for enhancing fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) processes during the FCC process using spectroscopic analyzers |
US20220268694A1 (en) | 2021-02-25 | 2022-08-25 | Marathon Petroleum Company Lp | Methods and assemblies for determining and using standardized spectral responses for calibration of spectroscopic analyzers |
KR20240035547A (ko) | 2021-07-16 | 2024-03-15 | 이노스펙 리미티드 | 연료유 조성물, 및 이와 관련된 방법 및 용도 |
AU2022360759A1 (en) | 2021-10-04 | 2024-02-29 | Innospec Fuel Specialties Llc | Improvements in fuels |
EP4166633A1 (de) | 2021-10-15 | 2023-04-19 | Innospec Fuel Specialties LLC | Verbesserungen bei brennstoffen |
US11692141B2 (en) | 2021-10-10 | 2023-07-04 | Marathon Petroleum Company Lp | Methods and systems for enhancing processing of hydrocarbons in a fluid catalytic cracking unit using a renewable additive |
US11802257B2 (en) | 2022-01-31 | 2023-10-31 | Marathon Petroleum Company Lp | Systems and methods for reducing rendered fats pour point |
WO2023233152A1 (en) | 2022-06-01 | 2023-12-07 | Innospec Fuel Specialties Llc | Improvements in fuels |
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