EP3175935B1 - Method and device for deforming a, preferably tubular, hollow body - Google Patents

Method and device for deforming a, preferably tubular, hollow body Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3175935B1
EP3175935B1 EP15197170.2A EP15197170A EP3175935B1 EP 3175935 B1 EP3175935 B1 EP 3175935B1 EP 15197170 A EP15197170 A EP 15197170A EP 3175935 B1 EP3175935 B1 EP 3175935B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hollow body
axial
abutment
shaping
pressurization
Prior art date
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Application number
EP15197170.2A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3175935A1 (en
Inventor
Werner Michi
Robin Bittermann
Michael Dr. Marré
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Felss Systems GmbH
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Felss Systems GmbH
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Publication date
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Priority to EP15197170.2A priority Critical patent/EP3175935B1/en
Publication of EP3175935A1 publication Critical patent/EP3175935A1/en
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Publication of EP3175935B1 publication Critical patent/EP3175935B1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C1/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, metal wire, metal rods, metal tubes by drawing
    • B21C1/16—Metal drawing by machines or apparatus in which the drawing action is effected by other means than drums, e.g. by a longitudinally-moved carriage pulling or pushing the work or stock for making metal sheets, bars, or tubes
    • B21C1/22—Metal drawing by machines or apparatus in which the drawing action is effected by other means than drums, e.g. by a longitudinally-moved carriage pulling or pushing the work or stock for making metal sheets, bars, or tubes specially adapted for making tubular articles
    • B21C1/24—Metal drawing by machines or apparatus in which the drawing action is effected by other means than drums, e.g. by a longitudinally-moved carriage pulling or pushing the work or stock for making metal sheets, bars, or tubes specially adapted for making tubular articles by means of mandrels
    • B21C1/26—Push-bench drawing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
    • B21C23/21—Presses specially adapted for extruding metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
    • B21C37/06—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of tubes or metal hoses; Combined procedures for making tubes, e.g. for making multi-wall tubes
    • B21C37/15—Making tubes of special shape; Making tube fittings
    • B21C37/20—Making helical or similar guides in or on tubes without removing material, e.g. by drawing same over mandrels, by pushing same through dies ; Making tubes with angled walls, ribbed tubes and tubes with decorated walls
    • B21C37/202—Making helical or similar guides in or on tubes without removing material, e.g. by drawing same over mandrels, by pushing same through dies ; Making tubes with angled walls, ribbed tubes and tubes with decorated walls with guides parallel to the tube axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K1/00—Making machine elements
    • B21K1/28—Making machine elements wheels; discs
    • B21K1/30—Making machine elements wheels; discs with gear-teeth

Definitions

  • a hollow cylindrical steering shaft blank is provided by so-called axial forms over a partial length with external teeth whose teeth extend in the axial direction of the steering shaft blank and the later steering shaft.
  • a forming die is used as a shaping tool with a die opening, which is provided at its periphery with a shaping toothing. The measured over the tooth tips of the teeth inner diameter of the forming toothing on the forming die is smaller than the diameter of a reshaping of the outer toothing part length of the steering shaft blank.
  • the desired external toothing of the steering shaft is generated by the forming toothing of the forming die by forming the relevant part length of the steering shaft blank.
  • the steering shaft blank is supported on the longitudinal end remote from the forming die on a rigid axial stop in the longitudinal direction of the steering shaft blank.
  • the steering shaft blank acts on the axial stop on the one hand due to the axially acting on the steering shaft blank by the forming die and on the other due to the fact that due to the deformation of the steering shaft blank between the forming die and the axial stop for the steering shaft blank material of the shaft blank builds up which leads to an elongation of the shaft blank.
  • Under the effect of the force exerted by the forming die during the forming process on the steering shaft blank in the axial direction of the pressure force shows on the one hand by the forming die and on the other by the rigid axial stop acted upon steering shaft blank a certain tendency for lateral buckling.
  • a mandrel is arranged during the forming process in the interior of the steering shaft blank, which supports the wall of the steering shaft blank in the radial direction against buckling.
  • the axial application of force to the steering shaft blank by the forming die and the processing-related elongation of the steering shaft blank can lead to a compression of the steering shaft blank or the steering shaft in the region between the forming die and the axial stop for the steering shaft blank.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a forming device and a forming process with increased reliability.
  • an inner support body which also serves to support the hollow body wall during the forming process in the radial direction, used as an additional axial abutment for the reshaped hollow body.
  • the inner support body supports the hollow body at a location which is arranged along the hollow body axis on the side remote from the axial hollow body abutment of the point at which the hollow body in the axial direction against the axial by the forming member of the forming die, in particular as a forming toothing Hollow abutment is pressurized.
  • the inner support body like the axial hollow body abutment, supports the hollow body to be reshaped in the opposite direction of the axial pressure exerted by the forming die on the hollow body to be reshaped.
  • the force exerted by the forming die in the axial direction on the hollow body to be reshaped is distributed to the axial hollow body abutment and the support body side additional axial abutment and the axial hollow body abutment and the arranged between the forming die and the axial hollow body abutment part of the reshaped hollow body are pressure relieved.
  • the tensile force causes at least a portion of that material of the hollow body, which is displaced during the forming process by engaging the hollow body wall forming member of the forming die, not permanently between the Umformmatrize and the axial HohlSystemwiderlager builds but is instead pulled through the Umformmatrize quasi and consequently comes to the side remote from the axial hollow body abutment side of that point at which the hollow body is pressurized by the forming member of the forming die in the direction of the axial hollow body abutment.
  • the inner support body of the forming device according to the invention can thereby at least partially prevent a deflection of the displaced as a result of the forming process material of the hollow body radially inwardly into the hollow body interior.
  • the axial hollow body abutment is resilient in the direction of its axial pressurization in the case of the invention.
  • a control device is provided for the axial hollow body abutment, by means of which in the direction of the axial pressurization compliance of the axial hollow body abutment in dependence on the amount of axial pressurization of the axial hollow body abutment is controllable.
  • the axial hollow body abutment sufficiently supports the hollow body to be formed so that the relative movement of the forming die and the hollow body supported on the axial hollow body abutment, which is required for forming the hollow body, can be carried out. Dodging of the axial hollow body abutment along the hollow body axis may be possible during the whole but only during part of the forming process.
  • the axial hollow body abutment during an axial Umformhubs for creating a supporting body side axial additional abutment associated projection of the hollow body wall and / or during the initial phase of forming the hollow body outside in the axial direction is rigid.
  • the device according to the invention and the method according to the invention are suitable for reshaping thin-walled hollow bodies which, due to their relatively low wall stiffness, are particularly prone to deformation due to machining. Regardless of the thickness of the hollow body wall tubular hollow body, ie hollow body whose length is greater than the cross section, but also different types of hollow body can be edited.
  • the axial forming movement to be carried out for forming the hollow body can be produced by moving the axial hollow body abutment along the hollow body axis in the case of stationary axial hollow body abutment or by the stationary forming element of the forming die, or by moving both the forming element of the forming die and the axial one Move hollow body abutment in the axial direction.
  • a hollow body to be reshaped is preferably mounted in a form-fitting manner by the supporting body-side axial auxiliary abutment.
  • the supporting body-side axial additional abutment is formed for this purpose by an abutment surface of the inner support body, which extends in the transverse direction of the hollow body axis and which cooperates during the forming process with a corresponding projecting into the cavity inside projection of the hollow body wall.
  • the hollow body wall can be provided before the axial forming movement with the projecting into the hollow body inside projection which cooperates during the subsequent forming process with the abutment surface of the inner support body (claim 10).
  • the abutment surface on the inner support body and the protrusion of the hollow body wall protruding into the hollow body interior can extend perpendicularly, but for example also at an acute angle to the hollow body axis.
  • the hollow body wall is provided before forming the axial forming movement by forming the hollow body wall with the projecting into the hollow body inside projection (claim 11).
  • the protruding on the hollow body wall in the hollow body interior and supported during the forming process on the supportive body axial auxiliary abutment in the axial direction projection of the hollow body wall by means of a forming of a forming unit is created in addition to that for processing the outside of the Hollow body serving forming member of the forming die comprises a further forming device for creating the pointing into the hollow body interior wall projection.
  • the forming unit and the axial hollow body abutment are moved towards one another with a, preferably continuous, axial working stroke along the hollow body axis.
  • the hollow body is already supported in the axial direction during the first axial forming stroke on the supporting body-side axial auxiliary abutment. In any case, such support exists during the second axial forming stroke.
  • a mandrel is provided as an inner support body, which is deliverable by means of a, preferably motor, mandrel drive along the hollow body axis in a functional position in the hollow body interior, in which the mandrel supports the hollow body in the radial direction of the hollow body axis and at the same time forms the support body side axial auxiliary abutment for the hollow body.
  • the cross section of the mandrel is dimensioned such that it allows an axial movement of the mandrel in the hollow body interior and that the mandrel can simultaneously perform its intended supporting function.
  • the control of the compliance of the axial hollow body abutment is force-dependent along the hollow body axis.
  • the control device provided for controlling the compliance of the axial hollow body abutment preferably a numerical control device, has a force measuring device by means of which the amount of a compressive force with which the axial hollow body abutment is pressurized in the axial direction due to the forming process can be measured. Depending on the measured amount of the pressing force, the compliance of the axial hollow body abutment in the direction of axial pressurization of the axial hollow body abutment becomes controlled.
  • the axial hollow body abutment deviates in the direction of the pressurization until the amount of pressurization has dropped to an admissible level.
  • the limit value of the pressurization of the hollow body or the axial hollow body abutment can be deposited before the beginning of the forming process.
  • Conventional force sensors, for example, whose measured values are evaluated computer-assisted and converted into a suitable control of the compliance of the axial hollow body abutment are suitable as the force measuring device.
  • control device for the axial hollow-body abutment provided in the case of the inventive forming device has a displacement measuring device by means of which an instantaneous amount of the axial forming movement performed by the forming die and the axial hollow-body abutment relative to each other can be measured. Depending on the measured instantaneous amount of the axial deformation movement, the resilience of the axial hollow body abutment along the hollow body axis is controlled by the control device.
  • the amount of force acting on the axial hollow body abutment and the hollow body supported thereon and / or at which instantaneous amount of the axial deformation movement the axial hollow body abutment has to occupy which position along the hollow body axis can be determined empirically in accordance with the invention.
  • the relevant material properties of the hollow body to be processed are to be considered.
  • the forming device preference is given to the forming device according to claim 6, on which an actuator is provided for the axial hollow body abutment, by means of which the axial hollow body abutment can be delivered along the hollow body axis relative to the forming die.
  • a controlled compliance of the axial hollow body abutment along the hollow body axis is realized in that the control device for the axial hollow body abutment controls the actuator, for example force-dependent and / or path-dependent and the controlled actuator delivers the axial hollow body abutment along the hollow body axis relative to the forming die.
  • the actuator for the axial hollow body abutment is formed in a further advantageous embodiment of the invention as a piston-cylinder drive (claim 7).
  • the piston or the cylinder of the piston-cylinder output can be used directly as an axial hollow body abutment (claim 8).
  • a Kurzhubzylinders which can perform a stroke of 20 to 25 millimeters along the hollow body axis. Due to a corresponding stroke of the short-stroke cylinder, the axial hollow body abutment can also follow an elongation of the hollow body resulting between the forming die and the axial hollow body abutment as a result of the forming process. Longer the hollow body by a certain amount, so by pressing the Kurzhubzylinders existing along the hollow body axis distance of the forming die and the axial hollow body abutment is increased by a corresponding amount.
  • the piston-cylinder arrangement serve as an actuator for adjusting the longitudinal axis of the hollow body existing compliance of the axial hollow body abutment and also serve to supply the forming a reshaped hollow body.
  • actuator for the axial Hollow body abutments are conceivable.
  • the figure shows a forming device 1, which is used in the production of a hollow camshaft and thereby serves to create on a hollow body in the form of a shaft blank 2 by axial forming an external toothing.
  • the forming device 1 comprises a forming die 3 with a die opening 4, an axial hollow body abutment 5, a guide bushing 6, a mandrel arrangement 7 and a feed drive 8 which is only shown as an indication.
  • the die opening 4 is provided at its periphery with teeth 9 serving as a forming member forming teeth 10.
  • the forming die 3 takes along a hollow body axis 11 of the shaft blank 2 a position at which the teeth 9 of the forming teeth 10 extending along the hollow body axis 11 do not yet engage in a wall 12 of the shaft blank 2 provided as a hollow body wall ,
  • the guide bushing 6 encloses an outer collar 15 of the shaft blank 2 with a wall 13 of a guide opening 14 extending concentrically with the hollow body axis 11.
  • the axial hollow body abutment 5 bears against the outer collar 15 of the shaft blank 2 at the longitudinal end of the shaft blank 2 opposite the forming die 3.
  • a provided as an inner support body mandrel 16 of the mandrel assembly 7 is moved in a hollow body interior 17 of the shaft blank 2 along the hollow body axis 11 in a position in which a conical abutment surface 18 of the mandrel 16 of a radially inwardly projecting projection 19 of the wall 12 of the Shaft blanks 2 is slightly spaced.
  • the mandrel 16 has a circular cross-section. The diameter of the mandrel 16 is slightly smaller than the diameter of the hollow body interior 17th
  • a mandrel drive 20 by means of which the mandrel 16 has been moved along the hollow body axis 11 in the position shown and provided for the axial HohlSystemwiderlager 5 actuator 21 with a numerical control device 22.
  • the actuator 21 for the axial hollow body abutment 5 and in the feed drive 8 for the forming die 3 is in the illustrated example case in each case a conventional hydraulic drive.
  • Other drive types, for example one or more spindle drives, are conceivable.
  • the projection 19 on the wall 12 of the shaft blank 2 has been created in the present case off the forming device 1 in a separate operation.
  • the external toothing is to be incorporated on the shaft blank 2 in a longitudinal section 23 of the wall 12, which has a greater wall thickness than a longitudinal section 24 of the wall 12, which in turn is disposed between the longitudinal section 23 of the wall 12 on the one hand and the outer collar 15 of the shaft blank 2 on the other hand.
  • the forming die 3 is moved from the illustrated ratios by means of the feed drive 8 with an axial forming movement in a forming direction (arrow 25) along the hollow body axis 11 in the figure to the right and relative to the axial hollow body abutment 5 and the shaft blank 2 supported on the hollow body abutment.
  • the shaping toothing 10 of the forming die 3 does not yet engage in the wall 12 of the shaft blank 2 due to the conical shape of the left longitudinal end of the shaft blank 2 in the figure.
  • the teeth 9 of the forming die 10 provided on the forming die 3 on the outside of the shaft blank 2 engage with the longitudinal section 23 of the wall 12 of the shaft blank 2.
  • the mandrel 16 In the first phase of the axial movement of the forming die 3, during which the shaping toothing 10 of the forming die 3 does not act on the shaft blank 2, the mandrel 16 is moved in the hollow body interior 17 of the shaft blank 2 in the opposite direction to the forming direction 25 by means of the mandrel drive 20 the conical abutment surface 18 bears against the projection 19 of the wall 12 of the shaft blank 2.
  • Another part of the displaced from the forming toothing 10 of the forming die 3 material of the shaft blank 2 is due to the processing-induced tensile stress of the shaft blank 2 at the left in the figure of the forming die 3 from the area to the right of the forming die 3 through the forming die 3 into the area deducted on the left of the forming die 3.
  • the axial hollow body abutment 5 is controlled in the direction of its axial pressurization yielding.
  • the axial HohlSystemwiderlager 5 is delivered by means of the actuator 21 along the hollow body axis 11 in the figure to the right.
  • the amount of the feed movement of the axial hollow body abutment 5 is defined by the control device 22, which controls the actuator 21 accordingly.
  • the control device 22 uses in the present case, acting in the axial direction of the axial HohlSystemwiderlager 5 compressive force which is measured by means of a force measuring device in the form of a force sensor 26 indicated in the figure conventional design.
  • a travel control of the feed movement of the axial hollow body abutment 5 is conceivable.
  • the amount of the axial forming movement of the forming die 3 to be determined by means of a corresponding path measuring device would be used in this case.
  • the pressurization of the shaft blank 2 associated with the forming increases in the direction of the axial hollow body abutment 5.
  • the axial hollow body abutment 5 is accordingly to be delivered in the forming direction 25 by means of the controlled actuating drive 21.
  • the axial hollow body abutment 5 is stationary in the direction of movement of the forming die 3.
  • the forming process ends as soon as the forming die 3 with the shaping toothing 10 has arrived in the longitudinal section 24 of the shaft blank 2 and consequently the longitudinal section 23 of the shaft blank 2 is provided over its entire length with the desired external toothing.
  • a shaft blank is machined by means of the forming device 1, on which an external toothing is to be produced only on a single wall section with a greater wall thickness.
  • the forming device 1 is also suitable to provide shaft blanks at a plurality of successive wall sections in the wall thickness of greater wall thickness with an external toothing, wherein between adjacent wall sections with greater wall thickness, a wall portion is provided with a smaller wall thickness.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum Umformen eines, vorzugsweise rohrartigen, Hohlkörpers, der eine Hohlkörperwand, ein von der Hohlkörperwand begrenztes Hohlkörperinneres sowie eine senkrecht zu einem Hohlkörperquerschnitt verlaufende Hohlkörperachse aufweist,

  • mit einer Umformmatrize, die eine Matrizenöffnung sowie ein an der Matrizenöffnung vorgesehenes Umformorgan aufweist,
  • mit einem axialen Hohlkörperwiderlager,
  • mit einem Vorschubantrieb, mittels dessen die Umformmatrize und das axiale Hohlkörperwiderlager mit einer axialen Umformbewegung aufeinander zu bewegbar sind, wobei bei einem Umformvorgang die Umformmatrize auf dem umzuformenden Hohlkörper aufsitzt und mit dem Umformorgan an der Außenseite des Hohlkörpers in die Hohlkörperwand eingreift, wobei bei dem Umformvorgang die Umformmatrize und das axiale Hohlkörperwiderlager mit der axialen Umformbewegung unter Umformung des Hohlkörpers längs der Hohlkörperachse aufeinander zu bewegbar sind und wobei bei dem Umformvorgang das axiale Hohlkörperwiderlager durch den Hohlkörper, aufgrund einer an einer Beaufschlagungsstelle des Hohlkörpers erfolgenden Beaufschlagung durch das in die Hohlkörperwand eingreifende Umformorgan der Umformmatrize, in axialer Richtung druckbeaufschlagt und der Hohlkörper durch das axiale Hohlkörperwiderlager in Gegenrichtung der axialen Druckbeaufschlagung des axialen Hohlkörperwiderlagers abgestützt ist, sowie
  • mit einem inneren Stützkörper, welcher dem Hohlkörperinneren zugeordnet ist, der bei dem Umformvorgang in dem Hohlkörperinneren angeordnet ist und die Hohlkörperwand in radialer Richtung der Hohlkörperachse abstützt und der außerdem ein stützkörperseitiges axiales Zusatzwiderlager für den Hohlkörper ausbildet,
  • wobei bei dem Umformvorgang das stützkörperseitige axiale Zusatzwiderlager für den Hohlkörper an der von dem axialen Hohlkörperwiderlager längs der Hohlkörperachse abliegenden Seite der Beaufschlagungsstelle des Hohlkörpers angeordnet ist und, bei gleichzeitiger Abstützung des Hohlkörpers durch das axiale Hohlkörperwiderlager, den Hohlkörper in Gegenrichtung der axialen Druckbeaufschlagung des axialen Hohlkörperwiderlagers abstützt.
The invention relates to a device for forming a, preferably tubular, hollow body, which has a hollow body wall, a hollow body interior delimited by the hollow body wall and a hollow body axis running perpendicular to a hollow body cross section,
  • with a forming die, which has a die opening and a forming member provided on the die opening,
  • with an axial hollow body abutment,
  • with a feed drive, by means of which the forming die and the axial hollow body abutment are movable toward each other with an axial forming movement, wherein in a forming process the forming die is seated on the reshaped hollow body and engages with the forming member on the outside of the hollow body in the hollow body wall, wherein in the forming process the forming die and the axial hollow body abutment with the axial forming movement along the hollow body along the hollow body axis are movable towards each other and wherein in the forming process, the axial hollow body abutment by the hollow body, due to a taking place at a Beaufschlagungsstelle of the hollow body by the engaging in the hollow body wall forming the Forming die, pressurized in the axial direction and the hollow body is supported by the axial hollow body abutment in the opposite direction of the axial pressurization of the axial hollow body abutment , such as
  • with an inner support body, which is associated with the hollow body interior, which is arranged in the forming process in the hollow body interior and supports the hollow body wall in the radial direction of the hollow body axis and also forms a supporting body side axial auxiliary abutment for the hollow body,
  • wherein in the forming process, the supporting body-side axial additional abutment for the hollow body at the side remote from the axial hollow body abutment along the hollow body axis side of the Beaufschlagungsstelle of the hollow body is arranged and, with simultaneous support of the hollow body by the axial hollow body abutment, the hollow body in the opposite direction of the axial pressurization of the axial hollow body abutment is supported.

Die Erfindung betrifft des Weiteren ein Verfahren zum Umformen eines, vorzugsweise rohrartigen, Hohlkörpers, der eine Hohlkörperwand, ein von der Hohlkörperwand begrenztes Hohlkörperinneres sowie eine senkrecht zu einem Hohlkörperquerschnitt verlaufende Hohlkörperachse aufweist, im Rahmen dessen

  • eine Umformmatrize, die eine Matrizenöffnung sowie ein an der Matrizenöffnung vorgesehenes Umformorgan aufweist, und ein axiales Hohlkörperwiderlager mit einer axialen Umformbewegung unter Umformung des Hohlkörpers längs der Hohlkörperachse aufeinander zu bewegt werden, wobei die Umformmatrize auf einem umzuformenden Hohlkörper aufsitzt und an der Außenseite des Hohlkörpers mit dem Umformorgan in die Hohlkörperwand eingreift und wobei das axiale Hohlkörperwiderlager durch den Hohlkörper, aufgrund einer an einer Beaufschlagungsstelle des Hohlkörpers erfolgenden Beaufschlagung durch das in die Hohlkörperwand eingreifende Umformorgan der Umformmatrize, in axialer Richtung druckbeaufschlagt und der Hohlkörper durch das axiale Hohlkörperwiderlager in Gegenrichtung der axialen Druckbeaufschlagung des axialen Hohlkörperwiderlagers abgestützt wird,
  • ein innerer Stützkörper für den Hohlkörper in dem Hohlkörperinneren derart angeordnet wird, dass der innere Stützkörper die Hohlkörperwand in radialer Richtung der Hohlkörperachse abstützt,
  • ein von dem inneren Stützkörper ausgebildetes stützkörperseitiges axiales Zusatzwiderlager an der von dem axialen Hohlkörperwiderlager längs der Hohlkörperachse abliegenden Seite der Beaufschlagungsstelle des Hohlkörpers angeordnet wird und
  • der Hohlkörper, bei gleichzeitiger Abstützung des Hohlkörpers durch das axiale Hohlkörperwiderlager, mittels des stützkörperseitigen axialen Zusatzwiderlagers in Gegenrichtung der axialen Druckbeaufschlagung des Hohlkörperwiderlagers abgestützt wird.
The invention further relates to a method for forming a, preferably tubular, hollow body, which has a hollow body wall, a hollow body interior delimited by the hollow body wall, and a hollow body axis extending perpendicularly to a hollow body cross section, in the context of this
  • a Umformmatrize having a die opening and provided on the die opening forming member, and an axial Hohlkörperwiderlager with an axial forming movement with deformation of the hollow body along the hollow body axis are moved towards each other, wherein the Umformmatrize rests on a reshaped hollow body and on the outside of the hollow body with engages the Umformorgan in the hollow body wall and wherein the axial hollow body abutment pressurized by the hollow body, due to a taking place at a Beaufschlagungsstelle of the hollow body by the force acting in the hollow body wall forming member of the Umformmatrize in the axial direction and the hollow body through the axial Hohlkörperwiderlager in the opposite direction of the axial pressurization is supported by the axial hollow body abutment
  • an inner support body for the hollow body in the hollow body interior is arranged such that the inner support body supports the hollow body wall in the radial direction of the hollow body axis,
  • a supporting body-side axial additional abutment formed by the inner supporting body is arranged on the side of the impingement point of the hollow body remote from the axial hollow body abutment along the hollow body axis, and
  • the hollow body, with simultaneous support of the hollow body by the axial hollow body abutment, by means of the supporting body side axial additional abutment in the opposite direction of the axial pressurization of the hollow body abutment is supported.

Gattungsgemäßer Stand der Technik ist bekannt aus DE 106 867 C . Diese Druckschrift offenbart eine Vorrichtung und ein Verfahren, im Falle derer ein auf einem Dorn aufsitzendes Rohr in Pfeilrichtung durch eine Ziehform gezogen und gleichzeitig an seinem in Pfeilrichtung nacheilenden Ende durch einen Stempel eines Druckkolbens in Pfeilrichtung druckbeaufschlagt wird.Generic prior art is known from DE 106 867 C , This document discloses an apparatus and a method, in the case of which a tube sitting on a mandrel pulled in the direction of arrow by a drawing die and is simultaneously pressurized at its trailing in the arrow direction end by a plunger of a pressure piston in the arrow direction.

Weiterer Stand der Technik ist aus praktischer Anwendung bekannt. Beispielsweise wird bei der Herstellung von als Hohlwellen ausgeführten Lenkwellen für Kraftfahrzeuge ein hohlzylindrischer Lenkwellenrohling durch sogenanntes Axialformen über eine Teillänge mit einer Außenverzahnung versehen, deren Zähne sich in Achsrichtung des Lenkwellenrohlings und der späteren Lenkwelle erstrecken. Dabei wird als formgebendes Werkzeug eine Umformmatrize verwendet mit einer Matrizenöffnung, die an ihrem Umfang mit einer formgebenden Verzahnung versehen ist. Der über die Zahnspitzen der Zähne gemessene Innendurchmesser der formgebenden Verzahnung an der Umformmatrize ist kleiner als der Durchmesser einer zur Herstellung der Außenverzahnung umzuformenden Teillänge des Lenkwellenrohlings. Deshalb wird bei einer axialen Umformbewegung, die als Bewegung der Umformmatrize relativ zu dem Lenkwellenrohlings in axialer Richtung des Lenkwellenrohlings ausgeführt wird, von der formgebenden Verzahnung der Umformmatrize durch Umformen der betreffenden Teillänge des Lenkwellenrohlings die gewünschte Außenverzahnung der Lenkwelle erzeugt. Während der axialen Umformbewegung ist der Lenkwellenrohling an dem von der Umformmatrize abliegenden Längsende an einem in Längsrichtung des Lenkwellenrohlings starren axialen Anschlag abgestützt. Dabei beaufschlagt der Lenkwellenrohling den axialen Anschlag zum einen aufgrund der in axialer Richtung wirksamen Beaufschlagung des Lenkwellenrohlings durch die Umformmatrize und zum andern aufgrund des Umstandes, dass sich infolge der Umformung des Lenkwellenrohlings zwischen der Umformmatrize und dem axialen Anschlag für den Lenkwellenrohling Material des Wellenrohlings aufbaut, das zu einer Längung des Wellenrohlings führt. Unter der Wirkung der von der Umformmatrize während des Umformvorgangs auf den Lenkwellenrohling in axialer Richtung ausgeübten Druckkraft zeigt der einerseits durch die Umformmatrize und andererseits durch den starren axialen Anschlag beaufschlagte Lenkwellenrohling eine gewisse Tendenz zum seitlichen Ausknicken. Um ein derartiges Ausknicken des Lenkwellenrohlings zu verhindern, ist während des Umformvorgangs in dem Inneren des Lenkwellenrohlings ein Dorn angeordnet, welcher die Wand des Lenkwellenrohlings in radialer Richtung gegen Ausknicken abstützt.Further prior art is known from practical application. For example, in the production of designed as a hollow shaft steering shafts for motor vehicles, a hollow cylindrical steering shaft blank is provided by so-called axial forms over a partial length with external teeth whose teeth extend in the axial direction of the steering shaft blank and the later steering shaft. In this case, a forming die is used as a shaping tool with a die opening, which is provided at its periphery with a shaping toothing. The measured over the tooth tips of the teeth inner diameter of the forming toothing on the forming die is smaller than the diameter of a reshaping of the outer toothing part length of the steering shaft blank. Therefore, in an axial forming movement, which is carried out as a movement of the forming die relative to the steering shaft blank in the axial direction of the steering shaft blank, the desired external toothing of the steering shaft is generated by the forming toothing of the forming die by forming the relevant part length of the steering shaft blank. During the axial forming movement, the steering shaft blank is supported on the longitudinal end remote from the forming die on a rigid axial stop in the longitudinal direction of the steering shaft blank. In this case, the steering shaft blank acts on the axial stop on the one hand due to the axially acting on the steering shaft blank by the forming die and on the other due to the fact that due to the deformation of the steering shaft blank between the forming die and the axial stop for the steering shaft blank material of the shaft blank builds up which leads to an elongation of the shaft blank. Under the effect of the force exerted by the forming die during the forming process on the steering shaft blank in the axial direction of the pressure force shows on the one hand by the forming die and on the other by the rigid axial stop acted upon steering shaft blank a certain tendency for lateral buckling. In order to prevent such buckling of the steering shaft blank, a mandrel is arranged during the forming process in the interior of the steering shaft blank, which supports the wall of the steering shaft blank in the radial direction against buckling.

Insbesondere in Kombination miteinander können die axiale Kraftbeaufschlagung des Lenkwellenrohlings durch die Umformmatrize und die bearbeitungsbedingte Längung des Lenkwellenrohlings zu einer Stauchung des Lenkwellenrohlings beziehungsweise der Lenkwelle in dem Bereich zwischen der Umformmatrize und dem axialen Anschlag für den Lenkwellenrohling führen.In particular, in combination with each other, the axial application of force to the steering shaft blank by the forming die and the processing-related elongation of the steering shaft blank can lead to a compression of the steering shaft blank or the steering shaft in the region between the forming die and the axial stop for the steering shaft blank.

Ausgehend von dem gattungsgemäßen Stand der Technik besteht die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung darin, eine Umformvorrichtung und ein Umformverfahren mit erhöhter Funktionssicherheit bereitzustellen.Based on the generic prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a forming device and a forming process with increased reliability.

Erfindungsgemäß gelöst wird diese Aufgabe durch die Umformvorrichtung gemäß Patentanspruch 1 und durch das Umformverfahren gemäß Patentanspruch 9.This object is achieved according to the invention by the forming device according to claim 1 and by the forming method according to claim 9.

Gemäß Patentanspruch 1 wird ein innerer Stützkörper, der außerdem dazu dient, die Hohlkörperwand während des Umformvorgangs in radialer Richtung abzustützen, als axiales Zusatzwiderlager für den umzuformenden Hohlkörper genutzt. Während des Umformprozesses lagert der innere Stützkörper den Hohlkörper an einer Stelle, die längs der Hohlkörperachse an der von dem axialen Hohlkörperwiderlager abliegenden Seite derjenigen Stelle angeordnet ist, an welcher der Hohlkörper durch das insbesondere als formgebende Verzahnung ausgebildete Umformorgan der Umformmatrize in axialer Richtung gegen das axiale Hohlkörperwiderlager druckbeaufschlagt wird. Als axiales Zusatzwiderlager stützt der innere Stützkörper ebenso wie das axiale Hohlkörperwiderlager den umzuformenden Hohlkörper in Gegenrichtung der von der Umformmatrize ausgeübten axialen Druckbeaufschlagung des umzuformenden Hohlkörpers ab. Dadurch verteilt sich die von der Umformmatrize in axialer Richtung auf den umzuformenden Hohlkörper ausgeübte Kraft auf das axiale Hohlkörperwiderlager und das stützkörperseitige axiale Zusatzwiderlager und das axiale Hohlkörperwiderlager sowie der zwischen der Umformmatrize und dem axialen Hohlkörperwiderlager angeordnete Teil des umzuformenden Hohlkörpers werden druckentlastet.According to claim 1, an inner support body, which also serves to support the hollow body wall during the forming process in the radial direction, used as an additional axial abutment for the reshaped hollow body. During the forming process, the inner support body supports the hollow body at a location which is arranged along the hollow body axis on the side remote from the axial hollow body abutment of the point at which the hollow body in the axial direction against the axial by the forming member of the forming die, in particular as a forming toothing Hollow abutment is pressurized. As an axial additional abutment, the inner support body, like the axial hollow body abutment, supports the hollow body to be reshaped in the opposite direction of the axial pressure exerted by the forming die on the hollow body to be reshaped. As a result, the force exerted by the forming die in the axial direction on the hollow body to be reshaped is distributed to the axial hollow body abutment and the support body side additional axial abutment and the axial hollow body abutment and the arranged between the forming die and the axial hollow body abutment part of the reshaped hollow body are pressure relieved.

Aufgrund der axialen Abstützung durch das stützkörperseitige axiale Zusatzwiderlager wirkt auf den Hohlkörper während des Umformvorgangs zusätzlich zu der Druckkraft, die von der Umformmatrize zu dem axialen Hohlkörperwiderlager hin gerichtet ist, eine dieser Druckkraft entgegengerichtete Zugkraft. Die Zugkraft bewirkt, dass wenigstens ein Teil desjenigen Materials des Hohlkörpers, welches während des Umformvorgangs durch das in die Hohlkörperwand eingreifende Umformorgan der Umformmatrize verdrängt wird, sich nicht dauerhaft zwischen der Umformmatrize und dem axialen Hohlkörperwiderlager aufbaut sondern stattdessen quasi durch die Umformmatrize hindurch gezogen wird und folglich zu der von dem axialen Hohlkörperwiderlager abliegenden Seite derjenigen Stelle gelangt, an welcher der Hohlkörper durch das Umformorgan der Umformmatrize in Richtung auf das axiale Hohlkörperwiderlager druckbeaufschlagt wird. Der innere Stützkörper der erfindungsgemäßen Umformvorrichtung kann dabei ein Ausweichen des infolge des Umformvorgangs verdrängten Materials des Hohlkörpers radial nach innen in das Hohlkörperinnere zumindest teilweise verhindern.Due to the axial support by the supporting body-side axial additional abutment acts on the hollow body during the forming process in addition to the compressive force, which is directed from the forming die to the axial Hohlkörperwiderlager out, a force opposing this compressive force. The tensile force causes at least a portion of that material of the hollow body, which is displaced during the forming process by engaging the hollow body wall forming member of the forming die, not permanently between the Umformmatrize and the axial Hohlkörperwiderlager builds but is instead pulled through the Umformmatrize quasi and consequently comes to the side remote from the axial hollow body abutment side of that point at which the hollow body is pressurized by the forming member of the forming die in the direction of the axial hollow body abutment. The inner support body of the forming device according to the invention can thereby at least partially prevent a deflection of the displaced as a result of the forming process material of the hollow body radially inwardly into the hollow body interior.

Im Interesse einer besonderen Funktionssicherheit und eines qualitativ besonders hochwertigen Ergebnisses des erfindungsgemäßen Umformverfahrens ist im Falle der Erfindung das axiale Hohlkörperwiderlager in der Richtung seiner axialen Druckbeaufschlagung nachgiebig ausgebildet. Dabei ist für das axiale Hohlkörperwiderlager eine Steuerungsvorrichtung vorgesehen, mittels derer die in der Richtung der axialen Druckbeaufschlagung bestehende Nachgiebigkeit des axialen Hohlkörperwiderlagers in Abhängigkeit von dem Betrag der axialen Druckbeaufschlagung des axialen Hohlkörperwiderlagers steuerbar ist. Durch ein gesteuertes, überlastbedingtes Ausweichen des axialen Hohlkörperwiderlagers längs der Hohlkörperachse werden eine zu starke Druckbeanspruchung und ein damit gegebenenfalls verbundenes unerwünschtes Stauchen des umzuformenden Hohlkörpers zwischen der Umformmatrize und dem axialen Hohlkörperwiderlager zuverlässig verhindert. Dessen ungeachtet stützt das axiale Hohlkörperwiderlager den umzuformenden Hohlkörper hinreichend ab, damit die zum Umformen des Hohlkörpers erforderliche Relativbewegung der Umformmatrize und des an dem axialen Hohlkörperwiderlager abgestützten Hohlkörpers ausgeführt werden kann. Ein Ausweichen des axialen Hohlkörperwiderlagers längs der Hohlkörperachse kann während des gesamten aber auch nur während eines Teils des Umformprozesses möglich sein. Insbesondere ist es erfindungsgemäß denkbar, dass das axiale Hohlkörperwiderlager während eines axialen Umformhubs zum Erstellen eines dem stützkörperseitigen axialen Zusatzwiderlager zugeordneten Vorsprungs der Hohlkörperwand und/oder während der Anfangsphase der Umformung der Hohlkörperaußenseite in axialer Richtung starr ist.In the interest of a special reliability and a particularly high quality result of the forming process according to the invention, the axial hollow body abutment is resilient in the direction of its axial pressurization in the case of the invention. In this case, a control device is provided for the axial hollow body abutment, by means of which in the direction of the axial pressurization compliance of the axial hollow body abutment in dependence on the amount of axial pressurization of the axial hollow body abutment is controllable. By a controlled, overload-induced evasion of the axial hollow body abutment along the hollow body axis are too strong compressive stress and thus possibly associated undesirable upsetting of the reshaped hollow body between the forming die and the axial Hohlkörperwiderlager reliably prevented. Nevertheless, the axial hollow body abutment sufficiently supports the hollow body to be formed so that the relative movement of the forming die and the hollow body supported on the axial hollow body abutment, which is required for forming the hollow body, can be carried out. Dodging of the axial hollow body abutment along the hollow body axis may be possible during the whole but only during part of the forming process. In particular, it is conceivable according to the invention that the axial hollow body abutment during an axial Umformhubs for creating a supporting body side axial additional abutment associated projection of the hollow body wall and / or during the initial phase of forming the hollow body outside in the axial direction is rigid.

Alles in allem wird eine Stauchung des Hohlkörpers in dem Bereich zwischen der Umformmatrize und dem axialen Hohlkörperwiderlager verhindert und eine funktionssichere Umformung des Hohlkörpers mit einem qualitativ hochwertigen Umformungsergebnis wird gewährleistet. Insbesondere eignen sich die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung und das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren für das Umformen dünnwandiger Hohlkörper, die aufgrund ihrer relativ geringen Wandsteifigkeit in besonderem Maße zu einer bearbeitungsbedingten Deformation neigen. Unabhängig von der Dicke der Hohlkörperwand können rohrartige Hohlkörper, also Hohlkörper, deren Länge größer ist als der Querschnitt, aber auch andersartige Hohlkörper bearbeitet werden. Die zur Umformung des Hohlkörpers auszuführende axiale Umformbewegung kann dadurch erzeugt werden, dass sich bei ortsfestem axialem Hohlkörperwiderlager das Umformorgan der Umformmatrize oder bei ortsfestem Umformorgan der Umformmatrize das axiale Hohlkörperwiderlager längs der Hohlkörperachse bewegt oder dadurch, dass sich sowohl das Umformorgan der Umformmatrize als auch das axiale Hohlkörperwiderlager in axialer Richtung bewegen.All in all, a compression of the hollow body in the area between the forming die and the axial hollow body abutment is prevented and a functionally reliable deformation of the hollow body with a high-quality deformation result is ensured. In particular, the device according to the invention and the method according to the invention are suitable for reshaping thin-walled hollow bodies which, due to their relatively low wall stiffness, are particularly prone to deformation due to machining. Regardless of the thickness of the hollow body wall tubular hollow body, ie hollow body whose length is greater than the cross section, but also different types of hollow body can be edited. The axial forming movement to be carried out for forming the hollow body can be produced by moving the axial hollow body abutment along the hollow body axis in the case of stationary axial hollow body abutment or by the stationary forming element of the forming die, or by moving both the forming element of the forming die and the axial one Move hollow body abutment in the axial direction.

Besondere Ausführungsarten der Erfindung gemäß den unabhängigen Patentansprüchen 1 und 9 ergeben sich aus den abhängigen Patentansprüchen 2 bis 8 und 10 bis 12.Particular embodiments of the invention according to the independent claims 1 and 9 emerge from the dependent claims 2 to 8 and 10 to 12.

An der erfindungsgemäßen Umformvorrichtung wird ein umzuformender Hohlkörper durch das stützkörperseitige axiale Zusatzwiderlager bevorzugt formschlüssig gelagert. Gemäß Patentanspruch 2 ist das stützkörperseitige axiale Zusatzwiderlager zu diesem Zweck durch eine Widerlagerfläche des inneren Stützkörpers gebildet, die sich in Querrichtung der Hohlkörperachse erstreckt und die während des Umformvorgangs mit einem entsprechenden in das Hohlrauminnere vorstehenden Vorsprung der Hohlkörperwand zusammenwirkt. Im Rahmen des erfindungsgemäßen Umformverfahrens kann die Hohlkörperwand vor Beginn der axialen Umformbewegung mit dem in das Hohlkörperinnere vorstehenden Vorsprung versehen werden, der während des anschließenden Umformvorgangs mit der Widerlagerfläche des inneren Stützkörpers zusammenwirkt (Patentanspruch 10). Die Widerlagerfläche an dem inneren Stützkörper und der in das Hohlkörperinnere vorstehende Vorsprung der Hohlkörperwand können senkrecht aber beispielsweise auch unter einem spitzen Winkel zu der Hohlkörperachse verlaufen.At the forming device according to the invention, a hollow body to be reshaped is preferably mounted in a form-fitting manner by the supporting body-side axial auxiliary abutment. According to claim 2, the supporting body-side axial additional abutment is formed for this purpose by an abutment surface of the inner support body, which extends in the transverse direction of the hollow body axis and which cooperates during the forming process with a corresponding projecting into the cavity inside projection of the hollow body wall. In the context of the forming process according to the invention, the hollow body wall can be provided before the axial forming movement with the projecting into the hollow body inside projection which cooperates during the subsequent forming process with the abutment surface of the inner support body (claim 10). The abutment surface on the inner support body and the protrusion of the hollow body wall protruding into the hollow body interior can extend perpendicularly, but for example also at an acute angle to the hollow body axis.

In bevorzugter Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Umformverfahrens wird die Hohlkörperwand vor Beginn der axialen Umformbewegung durch Umformen der Hohlkörperwand mit dem in das Hohlkörperinnere vorstehenden Vorsprung versehen (Patentanspruch 11).In a preferred embodiment of the forming process according to the invention, the hollow body wall is provided before forming the axial forming movement by forming the hollow body wall with the projecting into the hollow body inside projection (claim 11).

Dabei ist ausweislich Patentanspruch 12 insbesondere vorgesehen, dass der an der Hohlkörperwand in das Hohlkörperinnere vorstehende und während des Umformvorgangs an dem stützkörperseitigen axialen Zusatzwiderlager in axialer Richtung abgestützte Vorsprung der Hohlkörperwand mittels einer Umformvorrichtung einer Umformeinheit erstellt wird, die zusätzlich zu dem zur Bearbeitung der Außenseite des Hohlkörpers dienenden Umformorgan der Umformmatrize eine weitere Umformvorrichtung zur Erstellung des in das Hohlkörperinnere weisenden Wandvorsprungs umfasst. Die Umformeinheit und das axiale Hohlkörperwiderlager werden mit einem, vorzugsweise kontinuierlichen, axialen Arbeitshub längs der Hohlkörperachse aufeinander zu bewegt. Der axiale Arbeitshub umfasst einen ersten axialen Umformhub, bei welchem mittels der weiteren Umformvorrichtung an der Hohlkörperwand der in das Hohlkörperinnere vorstehende Vorsprung erstellt wird. Bei einem sich an den ersten axialen Umformhub insbesondere kontinuierlich anschließenden zweiten axialen Umformhub wird der Hohlkörper mittels des Umformorgans der Umformmatrize an seiner Außenseite umgeformt.It is evidently provided in claim 12, that the protruding on the hollow body wall in the hollow body interior and supported during the forming process on the supportive body axial auxiliary abutment in the axial direction projection of the hollow body wall by means of a forming of a forming unit is created in addition to that for processing the outside of the Hollow body serving forming member of the forming die comprises a further forming device for creating the pointing into the hollow body interior wall projection. The forming unit and the axial hollow body abutment are moved towards one another with a, preferably continuous, axial working stroke along the hollow body axis. The axial working stroke comprises a first axial forming stroke, in which by means of the further forming device on the hollow body wall of the protruding into the hollow body interior Projection is created. In the case of a second axial forming stroke, which in particular is continuously followed by the first axial forming stroke, the hollow body is shaped on its outer side by means of the shaping element of the forming die.

Es ist erfindungsgemäß möglich, dass der Hohlkörper bereits während des ersten axialen Umformhubs an dem stützkörperseitigen axialen Zusatzwiderlager in axialer Richtung abgestützt ist. In jedem Fall besteht eine derartige Abstützung während des zweiten axialen Umformhubs.It is possible according to the invention that the hollow body is already supported in the axial direction during the first axial forming stroke on the supporting body-side axial auxiliary abutment. In any case, such support exists during the second axial forming stroke.

Im Falle der erfindungsgemäßen Umformvorrichtung gemäß Patentanspruch 3 ist als innerer Stützkörper ein Dorn vorgesehen, der mittels eines, vorzugsweise motorischen, Dornantriebs längs der Hohlkörperachse in eine Funktionsstellung in dem Hohlkörperinneren zustellbar ist, in welcher der Dorn den Hohlkörper in radialer Richtung der Hohlkörperachse abstützt und gleichzeitig das stützkörperseitige axiale Zusatzwiderlager für den Hohlkörper ausbildet. Der Querschnitt des Dorns ist derart bemessen, dass er eine axiale Bewegung des Dorns in dem Hohlkörperinneren zulässt und dass der Dorn gleichzeitig die ihm zugedachte Stützfunktion ausüben kann.In the case of the forming device according to the invention according to claim 3, a mandrel is provided as an inner support body, which is deliverable by means of a, preferably motor, mandrel drive along the hollow body axis in a functional position in the hollow body interior, in which the mandrel supports the hollow body in the radial direction of the hollow body axis and at the same time forms the support body side axial auxiliary abutment for the hollow body. The cross section of the mandrel is dimensioned such that it allows an axial movement of the mandrel in the hollow body interior and that the mandrel can simultaneously perform its intended supporting function.

Als Grundlage für die Steuerung der in der Richtung der axialen Druckbeaufschlagung des axialen Hohlkörperwiderlagers bestehenden Nachgiebigkeit des axialen Hohlkörperwiderlagers kommen verschiedene Parameter in Frage.As a basis for the control of existing in the direction of the axial pressurization of the axial hollow body abutment resilience of the axial hollow body abutment different parameters come into question.

Im Falle der Erfindungsbauart gemäß Patentanspruch 4 erfolgt die Steuerung der Nachgiebigkeit des axialen Hohlkörperwiderlagers längs der Hohlkörperachse kraftabhängig. Die zur Steuerung der Nachgiebigkeit des axialen Hohlkörperwiderlagers vorgesehene, vorzugsweise numerische, Steuerungsvorrichtung weist eine Kraftmessvorrichtung auf, mittels derer der Betrag einer Druckkraft messbar ist, mit welcher das axiale Hohlkörperwiderlager aufgrund des Umformvorgangs in axialer Richtung druckbeaufschlagt ist. In Abhängigkeit von dem gemessenen Betrag der Druckkraft wird die in der Richtung der axialen Druckbeaufschlagung des axialen Hohlkörperwiderlagers bestehende Nachgiebigkeit des axialen Hohlkörperwiderlagers gesteuert. Bei Überschreiten eines insbesondere empirisch definierten Grenzwertes der Druckbeaufschlagung des Hohlkörpers beziehungsweise des axialen Hohlkörperwiderlagers, weicht das axiale Hohlkörperwiderlager in der Richtung der Druckbeaufschlagung aus, bis der Betrag der Druckbeaufschlagung auf ein zulässiges Niveau gesunken ist. In numerischen Steuerungsvorrichtungen kann der Grenzwert der Druckbeaufschlagung des Hohlkörpers beziehungsweise des axialen Hohlkörperwiderlagers vor Beginn des Umformprozesses hinterlegt werden. Als Kraftmessvorrichtung kommen beispielsweise herkömmliche Kraftsensoren in Frage, deren Messwerte rechnergestützt ausgewertet und in eine geeignete Steuerung der Nachgiebigkeit des axialen Hohlkörperwiderlagers umgesetzt werden.In the case of Erfindungsbauart according to claim 4, the control of the compliance of the axial hollow body abutment is force-dependent along the hollow body axis. The control device provided for controlling the compliance of the axial hollow body abutment, preferably a numerical control device, has a force measuring device by means of which the amount of a compressive force with which the axial hollow body abutment is pressurized in the axial direction due to the forming process can be measured. Depending on the measured amount of the pressing force, the compliance of the axial hollow body abutment in the direction of axial pressurization of the axial hollow body abutment becomes controlled. When a particularly empirically defined limit value of the pressurization of the hollow body or of the axial hollow body abutment is exceeded, the axial hollow body abutment deviates in the direction of the pressurization until the amount of pressurization has dropped to an admissible level. In numerical control devices, the limit value of the pressurization of the hollow body or the axial hollow body abutment can be deposited before the beginning of the forming process. Conventional force sensors, for example, whose measured values are evaluated computer-assisted and converted into a suitable control of the compliance of the axial hollow body abutment are suitable as the force measuring device.

Ergänzend oder alternativ zu einer kraftabhängigen Steuerung weist die im Falle der erfindungsgemäßen Umformvorrichtung nach Patentanspruch 5 vorgesehene Steuerungsvorrichtung für das axiale Hohlkörperwiderlager eine Wegmessvorrichtung auf, mittels derer ein momentaner Betrag der von der Umformmatrize und dem axialen Hohlkörperwiderlager relativ zueinander ausgeführten axialen Umformbewegung messbar ist. In Abhängigkeit von dem gemessenen momentanen Betrag der axialen Umformbewegung wird die längs der Hohlkörperachse bestehende Nachgiebigkeit des axialen Hohlkörperwiderlagers durch die Steuerungsvorrichtung gesteuert.In addition or as an alternative to a force-dependent control, the control device for the axial hollow-body abutment provided in the case of the inventive forming device has a displacement measuring device by means of which an instantaneous amount of the axial forming movement performed by the forming die and the axial hollow-body abutment relative to each other can be measured. Depending on the measured instantaneous amount of the axial deformation movement, the resilience of the axial hollow body abutment along the hollow body axis is controlled by the control device.

Bei welchem Betrag der auf das axiale Hohlkörperwiderlager und den daran abgestützten Hohlkörper wirkenden Druckkraft und/oder bei welchem momentanen Betrag der axialen Umformbewegung das axiale Hohlkörperwiderlager welche Position längs der Hohlkörperachse einzunehmen hat, kann erfindungsgemäß insbesondere empirisch festgelegt werden. Zu berücksichtigen sind insbesondere die relevanten Materialeigenschaften des zu bearbeitenden Hohlkörpers.The amount of force acting on the axial hollow body abutment and the hollow body supported thereon and / or at which instantaneous amount of the axial deformation movement the axial hollow body abutment has to occupy which position along the hollow body axis can be determined empirically in accordance with the invention. In particular, the relevant material properties of the hollow body to be processed are to be considered.

Zur Realisierung der Nachgiebigkeit des axialen Hohlkörperwiderlagers längs der Hohlkörperachse bieten sich erfindungsgemäß verschiedene Möglichkeiten. Denkbar ist beispielsweise ein axiales Hohlkörperwiderlager, das sich unter der Wirkung seiner durch den Umformvorgang bedingten Druckbeaufschlagung längs der Hohlkörperachse mehr oder weniger stark verformt.In order to realize the compliance of the axial hollow body abutment along the hollow body axis, various possibilities according to the invention are offered. It is conceivable, for example, an axial hollow body abutment, which deforms more or less strongly under the action of his due to the forming process pressurization along the hollow body axis.

Erfindungsgemäß bevorzugt wird die Umformvorrichtung gemäß Patentanspruch 6, an welcher für das axiale Hohlkörperwiderlager ein Stellantrieb vorgesehen ist, mittels dessen das axiale Hohlkörperwiderlager längs der Hohlkörperachse relativ zu der Umformmatrize zustellbar ist. Eine gesteuerte Nachgiebigkeit des axialen Hohlkörperwiderlagers längs der Hohlkörperachse wird dadurch realisiert, dass die Steuerungsvorrichtung für das axiale Hohlkörperwiderlager den Stellantrieb beispielsweise kraftabhängig und/oder wegabhängig steuert und der gesteuerte Stellantrieb das axiale Hohlkörperwiderlager längs der Hohlkörperachse relativ zu der Umformmatrize zustellt.According to the invention, preference is given to the forming device according to claim 6, on which an actuator is provided for the axial hollow body abutment, by means of which the axial hollow body abutment can be delivered along the hollow body axis relative to the forming die. A controlled compliance of the axial hollow body abutment along the hollow body axis is realized in that the control device for the axial hollow body abutment controls the actuator, for example force-dependent and / or path-dependent and the controlled actuator delivers the axial hollow body abutment along the hollow body axis relative to the forming die.

Der Stellantrieb für das axiale Hohlkörperwiderlager ist in weiterer vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung der Erfindung als Kolben-Zylinder-Antrieb ausgebildet (Patentanspruch 7).The actuator for the axial hollow body abutment is formed in a further advantageous embodiment of the invention as a piston-cylinder drive (claim 7).

Erfindungsgemäß kann dabei insbesondere der Kolben oder der Zylinder des Kolben-Zylinder-Abtriebs unmittelbar als axiales Hohlkörperwiderlager genutzt werden (Patentanspruch 8). Von besonderem Vorteil ist die Verwendung eines Kurzhubzylinders, der längs der Hohlkörperachse einen Hub von maximal 20 bis 25 Millimetern ausführen kann. Aufgrund eines entsprechenden Hubs des Kurzhubzylinders kann das axiale Hohlkörperwiderlager auch eine sich zwischen der Umformmatrize und dem axialen Hohlkörperwiderlager aufgrund des Umformvorgangs ergebende Längung des Hohlkörpers mitvollziehen. Längt sich der Hohlkörper um einen bestimmten Betrag, so wird durch Betätigen des Kurzhubzylinders der längs der Hohlkörperachse bestehende Abstand der Umformmatrize und des axialen Hohlkörperwiderlagers um einen entsprechenden Betrag vergrößert.According to the invention, in particular the piston or the cylinder of the piston-cylinder output can be used directly as an axial hollow body abutment (claim 8). Of particular advantage is the use of a Kurzhubzylinders, which can perform a stroke of 20 to 25 millimeters along the hollow body axis. Due to a corresponding stroke of the short-stroke cylinder, the axial hollow body abutment can also follow an elongation of the hollow body resulting between the forming die and the axial hollow body abutment as a result of the forming process. Longer the hollow body by a certain amount, so by pressing the Kurzhubzylinders existing along the hollow body axis distance of the forming die and the axial hollow body abutment is increased by a corresponding amount.

Die als Stellantrieb für das axiale Hohlkörperwiderlager vorgesehene Kolben-Zylinder-Anordnung kann eine Mehrfachfunktion übernehmen. So kann die Kolben-Zylinder-Anordnung beispielsweise als Stellantrieb zur Anpassung der längs der Hohlkörperachse bestehenden Nachgiebigkeit des axialen Hohlkörperwiderlagers und außerdem dazu dienen, der Umformvorrichtung einen umzuformenden Hohlkörper zuzuführen. Andere Bauarten des Stellantriebs für das axiale Hohlkörperwiderlager sind denkbar. In Frage kommt beispielsweise auch ein gesteuerter Spindelantrieb, insbesondere ein Hohlspindelantrieb, für das axiale Hohlkörperwiderlager.The intended as an actuator for the axial Hohlkörperwiderlager piston-cylinder arrangement can take over a multiple function. Thus, the piston-cylinder arrangement, for example, serve as an actuator for adjusting the longitudinal axis of the hollow body existing compliance of the axial hollow body abutment and also serve to supply the forming a reshaped hollow body. Other types of actuator for the axial Hollow body abutments are conceivable. In question, for example, a controlled spindle drive, in particular a hollow spindle drive, for the axial hollow body abutment.

Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung anhand einer beispielhaften schematischen Darstellung näher erläutert.The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to an exemplary schematic representation.

Die Abbildung zeigt eine Umformvorrichtung 1, die bei der Herstellung einer hohlen Nockenwelle eingesetzt wird und dabei dazu dient, an einem Hohlkörper in Form eines Wellenrohlings 2 durch Axialformen eine Außenverzahnung zu erstellen.The figure shows a forming device 1, which is used in the production of a hollow camshaft and thereby serves to create on a hollow body in the form of a shaft blank 2 by axial forming an external toothing.

Die Umformvorrichtung 1 umfasst eine Umformmatrize 3 mit einer Matrizenöffnung 4, ein axiales Hohlkörperwiderlager 5, eine Führungsbuchse 6, eine Dornanordnung 7 sowie einen lediglich andeutungsweise dargestellten Vorschubantrieb 8.The forming device 1 comprises a forming die 3 with a die opening 4, an axial hollow body abutment 5, a guide bushing 6, a mandrel arrangement 7 and a feed drive 8 which is only shown as an indication.

Die Matrizenöffnung 4 ist an ihrem Umfang mit Zähnen 9 einer als Umformorgan dienenden formgebenden Verzahnung 10 versehen. In dem dargestellten Betriebszustand der Umformvorrichtung 1 nimmt die Umformmatrize 3 längs einer Hohlkörperachse 11 des Wellenrohlings 2 eine Position ein, bei welcher die sich längs der Hohlkörperachse 11 erstreckenden Zähne 9 der formgebenden Verzahnung 10 noch nicht in eine als Hohlkörperwand vorgesehene Wand 12 des Wellenrohlings 2 eingreifen.The die opening 4 is provided at its periphery with teeth 9 serving as a forming member forming teeth 10. In the illustrated operating state of the forming device 1, the forming die 3 takes along a hollow body axis 11 of the shaft blank 2 a position at which the teeth 9 of the forming teeth 10 extending along the hollow body axis 11 do not yet engage in a wall 12 of the shaft blank 2 provided as a hollow body wall ,

Die Führungsbuchse 6 umschließt mit einer konzentrisch mit der Hohlkörperachse 11 verlaufenden Wand 13 einer Führungsöffnung 14 einen Außenbund 15 des Wellenrohlings 2. Das axiale Hohlkörperwiderlager 5 liegt an dem der Umformmatrize 3 gegenüberliegenden Längsende des Wellenrohlings 2 stirnseitig an dem Außenbund 15 des Wellenrohlings 2 an.The guide bushing 6 encloses an outer collar 15 of the shaft blank 2 with a wall 13 of a guide opening 14 extending concentrically with the hollow body axis 11. The axial hollow body abutment 5 bears against the outer collar 15 of the shaft blank 2 at the longitudinal end of the shaft blank 2 opposite the forming die 3.

Ein als innerer Stützkörper vorgesehener Dorn 16 der Dornanordnung 7 ist in einem Hohlkörperinneren 17 des Wellenrohlings 2 längs der Hohlkörperachse 11 in eine Position bewegt, in welcher eine konische Widerlagerfläche 18 des Dorns 16 von einem in radialer Richtung nach innen vorstehenden Vorsprung 19 der Wand 12 des Wellenrohlings 2 geringfügig beabstandet ist. Ebenso wie das Hohlkörperinnere 17 besitzt der Dorn 16 einen kreisförmigen Querschnitt. Der Durchmesser des Dorns 16 ist geringfügig kleiner als der Durchmesser des Hohlkörperinneren 17.A provided as an inner support body mandrel 16 of the mandrel assembly 7 is moved in a hollow body interior 17 of the shaft blank 2 along the hollow body axis 11 in a position in which a conical abutment surface 18 of the mandrel 16 of a radially inwardly projecting projection 19 of the wall 12 of the Shaft blanks 2 is slightly spaced. Like the hollow body interior 17, the mandrel 16 has a circular cross-section. The diameter of the mandrel 16 is slightly smaller than the diameter of the hollow body interior 17th

Stark schematisch dargestellt sind ein Dornantrieb 20, mittels dessen der Dorn 16 längs der Hohlkörperachse 11 in die dargestellte Position bewegt worden ist sowie ein für das axiale Hohlkörperwiderlager 5 vorgesehener Stellantrieb 21 mit einer numerischen Steuerungsvorrichtung 22. Bei dem Dornantrieb 20, bei dem Stellantrieb 21 für das axiale Hohlkörperwiderlager 5 und bei dem Vorschubantrieb 8 für die Umformmatrize 3 handelt es sich in dem dargestellten Beispielsfall jeweils um einen herkömmlichen hydraulischen Antrieb. Andere Antriebsbauarten, beispielsweise ein oder mehrere Spindelantriebe, sind denkbar.Highly schematically shown are a mandrel drive 20, by means of which the mandrel 16 has been moved along the hollow body axis 11 in the position shown and provided for the axial Hohlkörperwiderlager 5 actuator 21 with a numerical control device 22. In the mandrel drive 20, the actuator 21 for the axial hollow body abutment 5 and in the feed drive 8 for the forming die 3 is in the illustrated example case in each case a conventional hydraulic drive. Other drive types, for example one or more spindle drives, are conceivable.

Der Vorsprung 19 an der Wand 12 des Wellenrohlings 2 ist im vorliegenden Fall abseits der Umformvorrichtung 1 in einem separaten Arbeitsgang erstellt worden. Die Außenverzahnung ist an dem Wellenrohling 2 in einen Längenabschnitt 23 der Wand 12 einzuarbeiten, der eine größere Wanddicke besitzt als ein Längenabschnitt 24 der Wand 12, der seinerseits zwischen dem Längenabschnitt 23 der Wand 12 einerseits und dem Außenbund 15 des Wellenrohlings 2 andererseits angeordnet ist.The projection 19 on the wall 12 of the shaft blank 2 has been created in the present case off the forming device 1 in a separate operation. The external toothing is to be incorporated on the shaft blank 2 in a longitudinal section 23 of the wall 12, which has a greater wall thickness than a longitudinal section 24 of the wall 12, which in turn is disposed between the longitudinal section 23 of the wall 12 on the one hand and the outer collar 15 of the shaft blank 2 on the other hand.

Abweichend von den dargestellten Verhältnissen besteht bei entsprechender Gestaltung der Umformvorrichtung die Möglichkeit, in einem Arbeitsgang einen in das Innere eines Wellenrohlings vorstehenden Wandvorsprung zu erzeugen und daran anschließend den Wellenrohling mit einer Außenverzahnung zu versehen.Notwithstanding the ratios shown, with a corresponding design of the forming device, it is possible to produce a wall projection projecting into the interior of a shaft blank in one operation and subsequently to provide the shaft blank with an external toothing.

Zur Erzeugung der gewünschten Außenverzahnung an dem Wellenrohling 2 wird die Umformmatrize 3 ausgehend von den dargestellten Verhältnissen mittels des Vorschubantriebs 8 mit einer axialen Umformbewegung in einer Umformrichtung (Pfeil 25) längs der Hohlkörperachse 11 in der Abbildung nach rechts und dabei relativ zu dem axialen Hohlkörperwiderlager 5 und dem an dem axialen Hohlkörperwiderlager abgestützten Wellenrohling 2 bewegt. In der ersten Phase der axialen Bewegung der Umformmatrize 3 greift die formgebende Verzahnung 10 der Umformmatrize 3 aufgrund der konischen Form des in der Abbildung linken Längsendes des Wellenrohlings 2 noch nicht in die Wand 12 des Wellenrohlings 2 ein. Bei fortgesetzter Relativbewegung der Umformmatrize 3 gegenüber dem Wellenrohling 2 gelangen die Zähne 9 der an der Umformmatrize 3 vorgesehenen formgebenden Verzahnung 10 an der Außenseite des Wellenrohlings 2 in Eingriff mit dem Längenabschnitt 23 der Wand 12 des Wellenrohlings 2.In order to produce the desired external toothing on the shaft blank 2, the forming die 3 is moved from the illustrated ratios by means of the feed drive 8 with an axial forming movement in a forming direction (arrow 25) along the hollow body axis 11 in the figure to the right and relative to the axial hollow body abutment 5 and the shaft blank 2 supported on the hollow body abutment. In the first phase of the axial movement of the forming die 3, the shaping toothing 10 of the forming die 3 does not yet engage in the wall 12 of the shaft blank 2 due to the conical shape of the left longitudinal end of the shaft blank 2 in the figure. With continued relative movement of the forming die 3 relative to the shaft blank 2, the teeth 9 of the forming die 10 provided on the forming die 3 on the outside of the shaft blank 2 engage with the longitudinal section 23 of the wall 12 of the shaft blank 2.

In der ersten Phase der axialen Bewegung der Umformmatrize 3, während derer die formgebende Verzahnung 10 der Umformmatrize 3 den Wellenrohling 2 noch nicht beaufschlagt, wird mittels des Dornantriebs 20 der Dorn 16 in dem Hohlkörperinneren 17 des Wellenrohlings 2 in Gegenrichtung der Umformrichtung 25 bewegt, bis die konische Widerlagerfläche 18 an dem Vorsprung 19 der Wand 12 des Wellenrohlings 2 anliegt. Bereits bei Beginn des Eingriffs der formgebenden Verzahnung 10 der Umformmatrize 3 in die Wand 12 des Wellenrohlings 2 und dem damit verbundenen Beginn der in Richtung auf das axiale Hohlkörperwiderlager 5 wirkenden Druckbeaufschlagung des Wellenrohlings 2 durch die formgebende Verzahnung 10 der Umformmatrize 3 ist der Wellenrohling 2 folglich an der konischen Widerlagerfläche 18 des Dorns 16 axial abgestützt.In the first phase of the axial movement of the forming die 3, during which the shaping toothing 10 of the forming die 3 does not act on the shaft blank 2, the mandrel 16 is moved in the hollow body interior 17 of the shaft blank 2 in the opposite direction to the forming direction 25 by means of the mandrel drive 20 the conical abutment surface 18 bears against the projection 19 of the wall 12 of the shaft blank 2. Already at the beginning of the engagement of the forming toothing 10 of the forming die 3 in the wall 12 of the shaft blank 2 and the associated beginning of acting in the direction of the axial Hohlkörperwiderlager 5 pressurization of the shaft blank 2 by the shaping Gearing 10 of the forming die 3, the shaft blank 2 is thus axially supported on the conical abutment surface 18 of the mandrel 16.

Aus der durch die Umformmatrize 3 auf den Wellenrohling 2 in axialer Richtung ausgeübten Druckkraft resultiert zum einen eine axiale Druckbeaufschlagung des axialen Hohlkörperwiderlagers 5 durch den Wellenrohling 2. Zum andern wird der Wellenrohling 2 unter der Wirkung der von der Umformmatrize 3 in axialer Richtung auf den Wellenrohling 2 ausgeübten Druckkraft in axialer Richtung gegen die konische Widerlagerfläche 18 an dem längs der Hohlkörperachse 11 stationären Dorn 16 gedrückt. Die konische Widerlagerfläche 18 an dem Dorn 16 bildet dementsprechend für den Wellenrohling 2 ein zusätzlich zu dem axialen Hohlkörperwiderlager 5 vorgesehenes stützkörperseitiges axiales Zusatzwiderlager aus. Außerdem stützt der Dorn 16 die Wand 12 des Wellenrohlings 2 in radialer Richtung der Hohlkörperachse 11 gegen ein seitliches Ausknicken und auch gegen Stauchen ab.From the pressure force exerted by the forming die 3 on the shaft blank 2 in the axial direction results in an axial pressurization of the axial hollow body abutment 5 by the shaft blank 2. On the other hand, the shaft blank 2 under the action of the forming die 3 in the axial direction of the shaft blank 2 applied compressive force in the axial direction against the conical abutment surface 18 on the longitudinal axis of the hollow body 11 stationary mandrel 16 is pressed. The conical abutment surface 18 on the mandrel 16 forms accordingly for the shaft blank 2 in addition to the axial Hohlkörperwiderlager 5 provided supportive body axial additional abutment. In addition, the mandrel 16 supports the wall 12 of the shaft blank 2 in the radial direction of the hollow body axis 11 against lateral buckling and also against upsetting.

In der Abbildung links der Stelle der Beaufschlagung des Wellenrohlings 2 durch die formgebende Verzahnung 10 der Umformmatrize 3 wird die Wand 12 des Wellenrohlings 2 in axialer Richtung auf Zug beansprucht, während rechts der genannten Beaufschlagungsstelle eine axiale Druckbeaufschlagung der Wand 12 des Wellenrohlings 2 durch die Umformmatrize und in der Folge eine axiale Druckbeaufschlagung des axialen Hohlkörperwiderlagers 5 durch den Wellenrohling 2 erfolgt. Die Stelle, an welcher die konische Widerlagerfläche 18 des Dorns 16 den Wellenrohling 2 an dem Vorsprung 19 der Wand 12 abstützt, ist gegenüber der Beaufschlagungsstelle, an welcher die formgebende Verzahnung 10 der Umformmatrize 3 den Wellenrohling 2 in axialer Richtung druckbeaufschlagt, entgegen der Umformrichtung 25 versetzt und befindet sich an der von dem axialen Hohlkörperwiderlager 5 längs der Hohlkörperachse 11 abliegenden Seite der genannten Beaufschlagungsstelle.In the figure to the left of the point of action of the shaft blank 2 by the forming teeth 10 of the forming die 3, the wall 12 of the shaft blank 2 in the axial direction to train claimed while right of said Beaufschlagungsstelle an axial pressurization of the wall 12 of the shaft blank 2 by the forming die and as a result, an axial pressurization of the axial hollow body abutment 5 by the shaft blank 2 takes place. The point at which the conical abutment surface 18 of the mandrel 16, the shaft blank 2 is supported on the projection 19 of the wall 12, opposite the Beaufschlagungsstelle where the forming teeth 10 of the forming die 3, the shaft blank 2 in the axial direction is pressurized, counter to the forming 25th offset and is located on the side remote from the axial hollow body abutment 5 along the hollow body axis 11 side of said Beaufschlagungsstelle.

Infolge der fortschreitenden Bewegung der Umformmatrize 3 in der Umformrichtung 25 wird durch die formgebende Verzahnung 10 der Umformmatrize 3 mehr und mehr Material des Wellenrohlings 2 verdrängt. In den Zahnzwischenräumen der formgebenden Verzahnung 10 bilden sich die Zähne der zu erstellenden Verzahnung aus. Außerdem baut sich von der formgebenden Verzahnung 10 der Umformmatrize 3 verdrängtes Material des Wellenrohlings 2 an der zu dem axialen Hohlkörperwiderlager 5 hin weisenden Seite der Umformmatrize 3 auf. Ein anderer Teil des von der formgebenden Verzahnung 10 der Umformmatrize 3 verdrängten Materials des Wellenrohlings 2 wird infolge der bearbeitungsbedingten Zugbeanspruchung des Wellenrohlings 2 an der in der Abbildung linken Seite der Umformmatrize 3 aus dem Bereich rechts der Umformmatrize 3 durch die Umformmatrize 3 hindurch in den Bereich links der Umformmatrize 3 abgezogen.As a result of the progressive movement of the forming die 3 in the shaping direction 25, more and more material of the shaft blank 2 is displaced by the shaping toothing 10 of the forming die 3. In the interdental spaces of the shaping toothing 10, the teeth of the teeth to be created form out. In addition, material of the shaft blank 2 displaced by the shaping toothing 10 of the forming die 3 builds up on the side of the forming die 3 facing the axial hollow body abutment 5. Another part of the displaced from the forming toothing 10 of the forming die 3 material of the shaft blank 2 is due to the processing-induced tensile stress of the shaft blank 2 at the left in the figure of the forming die 3 from the area to the right of the forming die 3 through the forming die 3 into the area deducted on the left of the forming die 3.

Aufgrund der zu dem axialen Hohlkörperwiderlager 5 hin gerichteten Druckbeaufschlagung des Wellenrohlings 2 und infolge des Aufbaus von verdrängtem und eine Längung des Wellenrohlings bewirkendem Material des Wellenrohlings 2 an der in der Abbildung rechten Seite der Umformmatrize 3 besteht die Gefahr einer unerwünschten Stauchung des Wellenrohlings 2 in dem druckbeaufschlagten Teil des Wellenrohlings 2 zwischen der Stelle der Beaufschlagung des Wellenrohlings 2 durch die formgebende Verzahnung 10 der Umformmatrize 3 einerseits und dem axialen Hohlkörperwiderlager 5 andererseits.Due to the pressurization of the shaft blank 2 directed towards the axial hollow body abutment 5 and the material of the shaft blank 2 displaced on the right side of the forming die 3 as a result of the expansion of the shaft blank, there is the risk of an undesirable compression of the shaft blank 2 in FIG pressurized part of the shaft blank 2 between the point of action of the shaft blank 2 by the forming teeth 10 of the forming die 3 on the one hand and the axial Hohlkörperwiderlager 5 on the other.

Zur Vermeidung einer Stauchung des Wellenrohlings 2 ist das axiale Hohlkörperwiderlager 5 in der Richtung seiner axialen Druckbeaufschlagung gesteuert nachgiebig. Zu diesem Zweck wird das axiale Hohlkörperwiderlager 5 mittels des Stellantriebs 21 längs der Hohlkörperachse 11 in der Abbildung nach rechts zugestellt. Der Betrag der Zustellbewegung des axialen Hohlkörperwiderlagers 5 wird dabei durch die Steuerungsvorrichtung 22 definiert, welche den Stellantrieb 21 entsprechend ansteuert. Als Parameter für die Steuerung des Stellantriebs 21 nutzt die Steuerungsvorrichtung 22 im vorliegenden Fall die in axialer Richtung auf das axiale Hohlkörperwiderlager 5 wirkende Druckkraft, die mittels einer Kraftmessvorrichtung in Form eines in der Abbildung angedeuteten Kraftsensors 26 herkömmlicher Bauart gemessen wird.To avoid compression of the shaft blank 2, the axial hollow body abutment 5 is controlled in the direction of its axial pressurization yielding. For this purpose, the axial Hohlkörperwiderlager 5 is delivered by means of the actuator 21 along the hollow body axis 11 in the figure to the right. The amount of the feed movement of the axial hollow body abutment 5 is defined by the control device 22, which controls the actuator 21 accordingly. As a parameter for the control of the actuator 21, the control device 22 uses in the present case, acting in the axial direction of the axial Hohlkörperwiderlager 5 compressive force which is measured by means of a force measuring device in the form of a force sensor 26 indicated in the figure conventional design.

Durch die kraftabhängige Steuerung der in der Richtung der axialen Druckbeaufschlagung des axialen Hohlkörperwiderlagers 5 bestehenden Nachgiebigkeit des axialen Hohlkörperwiderlagers 5 wird dafür gesorgt, dass die axiale Druckbeaufschlagung des Wellenrohlings 2 einen in der Steuerungsvorrichtung 22 hinterlegten und den Beginn einer unerwünschten axialen Stauchung des Wellenrohlings 2 markierenden Grenzwert nicht überschreitet. Gleichzeitig ist die Steuerung der in der Richtung der axialen Druckbeaufschlagung des axialen Hohlkörperwiderlagers 5 bestehenden Nachgiebigkeit des axialen Hohlkörperwiderlagers 5 derart ausgelegt, dass die für die Umformung des Wellenrohlings 2 erforderliche Relativbewegung der Umformmatrize 3 und des an dem axialen Hohlkörperwiderlager 5 abgestützten Wellenrohlings 2 gewährleistet ist.By the force-dependent control of existing in the direction of the axial pressurization of the axial hollow body abutment 5 compliance of the axial hollow body abutment 5 is ensured that the axial pressurization of the shaft blank 2 deposited in the control device 22 and does not exceed the beginning of an unwanted axial compression of the shaft blank 2 marking limit. At the same time, the control of the existing in the direction of the axial pressurization of the axial hollow body abutment 5 resilience of the axial hollow body abutment 5 is designed such that the required for the deformation of the shaft blank 2 relative movement of the forming die 3 and supported on the axial Hohlkörperwiderlager 5 shaft blank 2 is guaranteed.

Eine Längung des Wellenrohlings 2 in dem Bereich zwischen der Umformmatrize 3 und dem axialen Hohlkörperwiderlager 5 wird dadurch kompensiert, dass das axiale Hohlkörperwiderlager 5 um eine entsprechend bemessene Weglänge in der Abbildung nach rechts verstellt wird. Eine mit einer Längung des Wellenrohlings 2 verbundene axiale Bewegung des Außenbunds 15 des Wellenrohlings 2 wird durch die Führungsbuchse 6 der Umformvorrichtung 1 geführt.An elongation of the shaft blank 2 in the region between the forming die 3 and the axial hollow body abutment 5 is compensated for by the fact that the axial hollow body abutment 5 is adjusted to the right by a correspondingly dimensioned path length in the illustration. An associated with an elongation of the shaft blank 2 axial movement of the outer collar 15 of the shaft blank 2 is guided by the guide bushing 6 of the forming device 1.

Ergänzend oder alternativ ist auch eine Wegsteuerung der Zustellbewegung des axialen Hohlkörperwiderlagers 5 denkbar. Als Parameter für die Steuerung des Stellantriebs 21 wäre in diesem Fall der mittels einer entsprechenden Wegmessvorrichtung zu bestimmende Betrag der axialen Umformbewegung der Umformmatrize 3 heranzuziehen. Mit zunehmendem Betrag der axialen Umformbewegung nimmt auch die mit der Umformung verbundene Druckbeaufschlagung des Wellenrohlings 2 in Richtung auf das axiale Hohlkörperwiderlager 5 zu. In Abhängigkeit von dem Fortschritt der axialen Umformbewegung der Umformmatrize 3 ist dementsprechend das axiale Hohlkörperwiderlager 5 mittels des gesteuerten Stellantriebs 21 in der Umformrichtung 25 zuzustellen. Während der in dem vorliegenden Beispielsfall bis zum Beginn des Eingriffs der formgebenden Verzahnung 10 in die Wand 12 des Wellenrohlings 2 ausgeführten Bewegung der Umformmatrize 3 ist das axiale Hohlkörperwiderlager 5 in der Bewegungsrichtung der Umformmatrize 3 ortsunveränderlich.Additionally or alternatively, a travel control of the feed movement of the axial hollow body abutment 5 is conceivable. As a parameter for the control of the actuator 21, the amount of the axial forming movement of the forming die 3 to be determined by means of a corresponding path measuring device would be used in this case. As the amount of the axial forming movement increases, the pressurization of the shaft blank 2 associated with the forming increases in the direction of the axial hollow body abutment 5. Depending on the progress of the axial forming movement of the forming die 3, the axial hollow body abutment 5 is accordingly to be delivered in the forming direction 25 by means of the controlled actuating drive 21. During the movement of the forming die 3 into the wall 12 of the shaft blank 2 in the present exemplary case until the beginning of the engagement of the shaping toothing 10, the axial hollow body abutment 5 is stationary in the direction of movement of the forming die 3.

Der Umformvorgang endet, sobald die Umformmatrize 3 mit der formgebenden Verzahnung 10 in dem Längenabschnitt 24 des Wellenrohlings 2 angelangt ist und folglich der Längenabschnitt 23 des Wellenrohlings 2 über seine gesamte Länge mit der gewünschten Außenverzahnung versehen ist.The forming process ends as soon as the forming die 3 with the shaping toothing 10 has arrived in the longitudinal section 24 of the shaft blank 2 and consequently the longitudinal section 23 of the shaft blank 2 is provided over its entire length with the desired external toothing.

In dem beschriebenen Beispielsfall wird mittels der Umformvorrichtung 1 ein Wellenrohling bearbeitet, an welchem eine Außenverzahnung lediglich an einem einzelnen Wandabschnitt mit größerer Wanddicke zu erzeugen ist. Darüber hinaus eignet sich die Umformvorrichtung 1 auch dazu, Wellenrohlinge an mehreren in Umformrichtung aufeinanderfolgenden Wandabschnitten größerer Wanddicke mit einer Außenverzahnung zu versehen, wobei zwischen einander benachbarten Wandabschnitten mit größerer Wanddicke ein Wandabschnitt mit kleinerer Wanddicke vorgesehen ist.In the example described, a shaft blank is machined by means of the forming device 1, on which an external toothing is to be produced only on a single wall section with a greater wall thickness. In addition, the forming device 1 is also suitable to provide shaft blanks at a plurality of successive wall sections in the wall thickness of greater wall thickness with an external toothing, wherein between adjacent wall sections with greater wall thickness, a wall portion is provided with a smaller wall thickness.

Claims (12)

  1. Device for shaping a, preferably tubular, hollow body (2) which has a hollow body wall (12), a hollow body interior (17) delimited by the hollow body wall (12), and a hollow body axis (11) which extends perpendicularly to a hollow body cross section,
    • comprising a shaping die (3) which has a die opening (4) and a shaping means (10) provided on the die opening (4),
    • comprising an axial hollow body abutment (5),
    • comprising a feed drive (8), by means of which the shaping die (3) and the axial hollow body abutment (5) can be moved toward one another with an axial shaping movement, wherein, during a shaping process, the shaping die (3) is sitting on the hollow body (2) that is to be shaped and, on the outer face of the hollow body (2), engages in the hollow body wall (12) by means of the shaping means (10), and wherein, during the shaping process, the shaping die (3) and the axial hollow body abutment (5) being movable toward one another along the hollow body axis (11) with the axial shaping movement to shape the hollow body (2), and wherein, during the shaping process, the axial hollow body abutment (5) being pressurized in the axial direction by the hollow body (2) due to pressurization which takes place at a pressurization point of the hollow body (2) by means of the shaping means (10) of the shaping die (3) that engages in the hollow body wall (12), and the hollow body (2) being supported by the axial hollow body abutment (5) in the opposite direction to the axial pressurization of the axial hollow body abutment (5), and
    • comprising an inner support body (16) which is associated with the hollow body interior (17), which support body is arranged in the hollow body interior (17) during the shaping process and supports the hollow body wall (12) in the radial direction of the hollow body axis (11), and which also forms an axial auxiliary abutment (18), on the support body side, for the hollow body (2),
    • the axial auxiliary abutment (18) for the hollow body (2), which is on the support body side, being arranged during the shaping process on the side of the pressurization point of the hollow body (2) that is remote from the axial hollow body abutment (5) along the hollow body axis (11), and supporting the hollow body (2) in the opposite direction to the axial pressurization of the axial hollow body abutment (5) while the hollow body (2) is simultaneously supported by the axial hollow body abutment (5),
    characterized in that
    a control device is provided (22) for the axial hollow body abutment (5), by means of which a yieldingness of the axial hollow body abutment (5) in the direction of the axial pressurization of the axial hollow body abutment (5) can be controlled depending on the amount of axial pressurization of the axial hollow body abutment (5).
  2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the axial auxiliary abutment (18) on the support body side is formed by an abutment surface of the inner support body (16) that extends in a transverse direction to the hollow body axis (11).
  3. Device according to either of the preceding claims, characterized in that a mandrel is provided as the inner support body (16) which, by means of a preferably motorized mandrel drive (20), can be positioned along the hollow body axis (11) into a functional position in the hollow body interior (17), in which functional position the mandrel (16) supports the hollow body wall (12) in the radial direction of the hollow body axis (11), and simultaneously forms the axial auxiliary abutment (18) for the hollow body (2) that is on the support body side.
  4. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the control device (22) for the axial hollow body abutment (5) has a force measuring device (26), by means of which the amount of compressive force with which the axial hollow body abutment (5) is pressurized in the axial direction by the hollow body (2) can be measured, and in that the yieldingness of the axial hollow body abutment (5) in the direction of the axial pressurization of the axial hollow body abutment (5) can be controlled by means of the control device (22) depending on the amount of compressive force that is measured.
  5. Device according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control device (22) for the axial hollow body abutment (5) has a distance measuring device, by means of which an instantaneous amount of the axial shaping movement carried out by the shaping die (3) and the axial hollow body abutment (5) relative to one another can be measured, and in that the yieldingness of the axial hollow body abutment (5) in the direction of the axial pressurization of the axial hollow body abutment (5) can be controlled by means of the control device (22) depending on the instantaneous amount of the axial shaping movement that has been measured.
  6. Device according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that a positioning drive (21) is provided for the axial hollow body abutment (5), by means of which positioning drive the axial hollow body abutment (5) can be positioned along the hollow body axis (11) relative to the shaping die (3), and in that the yieldingness of the axial hollow body abutment (5) in the direction of the axial pressurization of the axial hollow body abutment (5) can be controlled by means of the control device (22) by the control device (22) controlling the positioning drive (21), and it is possible to move the axial hollow body abutment (5) along the hollow body axis (11) relative to the shaping die (3) by means of the controlled positioning drive (21).
  7. Device according to claim 6, characterized in that the positioning drive (21) is designed as a piston-cylinder drive.
  8. Device according to claim 7, characterized in that the piston or the cylinder of the piston-cylinder drive is provided as the axial hollow body abutment (5).
  9. Method for shaping a, preferably tubular, hollow body (2) which has a hollow body wall (12), a hollow body interior (17) delimited by the hollow body wall (12), and a hollow body axis (11) which extends perpendicularly to a hollow body cross section, in the course of which method
    • a shaping die (3), which has a die opening (4) and a shaping means (10) provided on the die opening (4), and an axial hollow body abutment (5) are moved toward one another along the hollow body axis (11) with an axial shaping movement to shape the hollow body (2), the shaping die (3) sitting on a hollow body (2) which is to be shaped and engaging with the shaping means (10) in the hollow body wall (12) on the outer face of the hollow body (2), and the axial hollow body abutment (5) being pressurized in the axial direction by the hollow body (2), due to pressurization which takes place at a pressurization point of the hollow body (2) by means of the shaping means (10) of the shaping die (3) that engages in the hollow body wall (12), and the hollow body (2) being supported by the axial hollow body abutment (5) in the opposite direction to the axial pressurization of the axial hollow body abutment (5),
    • an inner support body (16) for the hollow body (2) is arranged in the hollow body interior (17) such that the inner support body (16) supports the hollow body wall (17) in the radial direction of the hollow body axis (11),
    • an axial auxiliary abutment (18) which is on the support body side and is formed by the inner support body (16) is arranged on the side of the pressurization point of the hollow body (2) that is remote from the axial hollow body abutment (5) along the hollow body axis (11) and,
    • while the hollow body (2) is simultaneously supported by the axial hollow body abutment (5), the hollow body (2) is supported in the opposite direction to the axial pressurization of the hollow body abutment (5) by means of the axial auxiliary abutment (18) on the support body side,
    characterized in that
    a yieldingness of the axial hollow body abutment (5) in the direction of the axial pressurization of the axial hollow body abutment (5) is controlled by means of a control device (22) provided for the axial hollow body abutment (5) depending on the amount of axial pressurization of the axial hollow body abutment (5).
  10. Method according to claim 9, characterized in that, before the axial shaping movement starts, the hollow body wall (12) is provided with a projection (19) which projects into the hollow body interior (17), on which projection the hollow body (2) is supported in the opposite direction to the axial pressurization of the axial hollow body abutment (5) by means of the axial auxiliary abutment (18) on the support body side during the axial shaping movement.
  11. Method according to claim 10, characterized in that, before the axial shaping movement starts, the hollow body wall (12) is provided with the projection (19) which projects into the hollow body interior (17) by the hollow body wall being shaped.
  12. Method according to claim 11, characterized in that a shaping unit that comprises the shaping means of the shaping die (3) and a further shaping device, and the axial hollow body abutment (5) are moved toward one another along the hollow body axis (11) with a continuous axial working stroke, and in that the continuous axial working stroke comprises a first axial shaping stroke and a second axial shaping stroke which adjoins the first axial shaping stroke continuously, the projection (19) which projects into the hollow body interior (17) being created by means of the further shaping device of the shaping unit on the hollow body wall (12) during the first axial shaping stroke, and the axial shaping movement being carried out as the second axial shaping stroke.
EP15197170.2A 2015-12-01 2015-12-01 Method and device for deforming a, preferably tubular, hollow body Active EP3175935B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP15197170.2A EP3175935B1 (en) 2015-12-01 2015-12-01 Method and device for deforming a, preferably tubular, hollow body

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP15197170.2A EP3175935B1 (en) 2015-12-01 2015-12-01 Method and device for deforming a, preferably tubular, hollow body

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3175935A1 EP3175935A1 (en) 2017-06-07
EP3175935B1 true EP3175935B1 (en) 2019-11-13

Family

ID=54780130

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP15197170.2A Active EP3175935B1 (en) 2015-12-01 2015-12-01 Method and device for deforming a, preferably tubular, hollow body

Country Status (1)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3175935B1 (en)

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE106867C (en) *
JPS57160542A (en) * 1981-03-30 1982-10-02 Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd Push bench process for manufacture of pipe

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

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