EP3175233A1 - Procédé et dispositif pour la discrimination entre le gaz naturel et le gaz de marais - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour la discrimination entre le gaz naturel et le gaz de marais

Info

Publication number
EP3175233A1
EP3175233A1 EP15738112.0A EP15738112A EP3175233A1 EP 3175233 A1 EP3175233 A1 EP 3175233A1 EP 15738112 A EP15738112 A EP 15738112A EP 3175233 A1 EP3175233 A1 EP 3175233A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
hydrogen
sample
utility
biological
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP15738112.0A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3175233B1 (fr
Inventor
Fredrik Enquist
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Inficon Holding AG
Original Assignee
Inficon GmbH Switzerland
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Inficon GmbH Switzerland filed Critical Inficon GmbH Switzerland
Publication of EP3175233A1 publication Critical patent/EP3175233A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3175233B1 publication Critical patent/EP3175233B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/22—Fuels; Explosives
    • G01N33/225—Gaseous fuels, e.g. natural gas
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
    • G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
    • G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
    • G01M3/04—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
    • G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
    • G01N33/0027—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector
    • G01N33/0036—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector specially adapted to detect a particular component
    • G01N33/005—H2

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for very fast determination of whether the origin of registered gas signals is swamp gas or utility gas when searching for leaks in underground utility gas pipes.
  • CNG compressed natural gas
  • LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas
  • biogas contains mainly methane. All such flammable gases distributed in pipelines or vessels are denoted utility gas in the following.
  • a fourth type of flammable gas used in some parts of the world is called coal gas or manufactured gas (MG). This contains high levels of hydrogen and is excluded from above the definition of utility gas.
  • MG manufactured gas
  • a utility gas signal can originate from two main sources; the gas installation under inspection or from biological decay processes. Examples of such biological sources are covered waste dumps, decomposing sewage, landfills etc. Gas originating from such sources is known by numerous names including marsh gas, soil gas, landfill gas and sewer gas. In the following the term swamp gas is used as a common denominator for flammable gas sources of biological origin. In order to avoid unnecessary excavations on swamp gas signals it is desirable to be able to distinguish between real gas leaks from the pipe under survey and indications from swamp gas.
  • the most common method used to discriminating between utility gas and swamp gas is making an analysis of the components of the gas to determine the presence of ethane gas and/or heavier hydrocarbons such as propane and butane.
  • ethane gas and/or heavier hydrocarbons such as propane and butane.
  • Most natural gas sources contain 0,5 - 8% of ethane while swamp gas does not contain any significant amounts of ethane.
  • the analysis is, therefore, typically carried out using a gas chromatograph (GC) separating the different components of the gas sample into pulses exiting the chromatograph column at different times. Due to this time separation of the different components, the analysis is possible even with a nonselective sensor.
  • GC gas chromatograph
  • the GC can be a lab instrument in which case a gas sample is collected in some type of container that is sent off to a laboratory for analysis.
  • Field operable GCs are also available. These can be dedicated instruments or small GC modules integrated into a pipeline leak surveying instrument.
  • the field GCs and especially those integrated into a leak detector are generally less sensitive than the lab units and sample concentration must be above 1% or at least 0,5% to make a certain detection of ethane in the sample.
  • Another way of discrimination is to detect the presence odorant either by smelling the gas or by using a specific detector.
  • the "manual" method is simple and low cost but not entirely reliable and detectors for the odorants are typically higher grade GCs associated with similar delay and higher costs than for those used for ethane detection. A better performing GC is needed as the odorant concentration is several orders of magnitude lower than the ethane concentration.
  • certain discrimination between swamp gas and utility gas is a slow and not always entirely reliable process and there is a need for a simpler and faster method.
  • the main difficulty with the ethane analysis method is the lack of affordable and selective sensors that can independently measure methane and ethane. Looking at the composition of the two gas mixtures to distinguish between, it can be seen that there is at least one other component that is different: hydrogen.
  • This invention solves the above described limitations of ethane testing by using a highly sensitive and hydrogen selective gas detector.
  • the detector is several orders of magnitude more sensitive for hydrogen than for any of the gases present in the natural gas, mainly combustible gases but also C0 2 . It is also necessary that the detector does not react to decreased oxygen content (which is not uncommon for combustible gas sensors). The absence of hydrogen in the natural gas can easily be confirmed by testing the natural gas with the hydrogen selective sensor.
  • Detectors with the desired quality are manufactured and sold by INFICON AB in Sweden.
  • the selectivity of these detectors for hydrogen as compared to methane is more than 5 orders of magnitude.
  • the invention is based on the principle that the gas sample which is taken during a leakage test of a gas installation is additionally used in order to determine, whether the sample originates from the utility gas within the gas installation or from gas which originates from biological decay processes.
  • the hydrogen content of the utility gas should be determined if not previously known. If the hydrogen content in the detected gas is significantly higher, the sample originates from biological decay processes.
  • the method of the invention can thus be described as comprising the following steps: obtaining a gas sample from below the ground surface, testing the gas sample for the presence of hydrogen, comparing the hydrogen level within the gas sample with the known hydrogen level of the utility gas within the gas installation to be tested, deciding that the gas sample originates from biological decay processes, if the hydrogen concentration is above the hydrogen concentration of the utility gas.
  • a gas pipeline 12 is part of a gas installation below the ground surface 14.
  • the tightness of the gas pipeline 12 is to be tested with a leak detector 16.
  • a measurement probe 18 of the leak detector 16 is positioned on the ground surface 14 or into a drilled hole below the ground surface 14 in a region where the gas pipeline 12 and a possible leakage is assumed.
  • a swamp gas producing area 20 is below the ground surface 14 in proximity to the testing probe 18. Therefore, the probe 18 samples either gas leaking from the pipeline 12 or gas originating from biological decay processes within the swamp gas producing area 20.
  • the gas analyser 16 detects gas within the gas sample.
  • the utility gas within the gas installation contains methane and/or heavier hydrocarbons while the gas originating from the biological decay process (swamp gas) contains mainly methane. In any case this will be picked up by the sensing mechanism of the detector.
  • the hydrogen content of the gas sample is determined with the leak detector 16.
  • the leak detector comprises a hydrogen selective sensor 17 and is therefore sensitive to hydrogen. It is detected whether the hydrogen content is above a certain threshold.
  • the threshold may be based on the previously known hydrogen concentration within the utility gas.
  • the threshold may alternatively be for example 5 ppm or 100 ppm or even larger, depending on the composition of the utility gas and the type of biological decay processes that are assumed in the facility of the gas installation.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Examining Or Testing Airtightness (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Fluid Adsorption Or Reactions (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
  • Emergency Alarm Devices (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé pour déterminer si un échantillon de gaz provient de processus biologiques ou d'une installation de gaz soumise à essai et contenant un gaz de distribution qui est caractérisé en ce qu'une concentration accrue d'hydrogène dans l'échantillon par rapport à celle présente dans le gaz de distribution est utilisée en tant que preuve que l'échantillon provient de processus de dégradation biologiques et non de l'installation de gaz soumise à essai.
EP15738112.0A 2014-07-29 2015-07-20 Procédé et dispositif de discrimination entre du gaz naturel et du gaz des marais Active EP3175233B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP14178963.6A EP2980583B1 (fr) 2014-07-29 2014-07-29 Procédé et dispositif de discrimination entre du gaz naturel et du gaz des marais
PCT/EP2015/066555 WO2016016036A1 (fr) 2014-07-29 2015-07-20 Procédé et dispositif pour la discrimination entre le gaz naturel et le gaz de marais

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3175233A1 true EP3175233A1 (fr) 2017-06-07
EP3175233B1 EP3175233B1 (fr) 2023-05-24

Family

ID=51265499

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14178963.6A Active EP2980583B1 (fr) 2014-07-29 2014-07-29 Procédé et dispositif de discrimination entre du gaz naturel et du gaz des marais
EP15738112.0A Active EP3175233B1 (fr) 2014-07-29 2015-07-20 Procédé et dispositif de discrimination entre du gaz naturel et du gaz des marais

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14178963.6A Active EP2980583B1 (fr) 2014-07-29 2014-07-29 Procédé et dispositif de discrimination entre du gaz naturel et du gaz des marais

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US10338050B2 (fr)
EP (2) EP2980583B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP6632603B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR102367829B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN106715998B (fr)
RU (1) RU2695669C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2016016036A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109580903B (zh) * 2018-11-21 2021-05-25 郑州畅威物联网科技有限公司 一种用于地下密闭空间的沼气天然气智能判别系统
CN113465826B (zh) * 2021-05-26 2024-06-18 北京市燃气集团有限责任公司 一种燃气泄漏检测方法与装置
WO2023105261A1 (fr) * 2021-12-06 2023-06-15 Abu Dhabi National Oil Company Procédé et système d'évaluation et de certification d'origine d'hydrogène

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH05322688A (ja) * 1992-05-18 1993-12-07 Seibu Gas Kk ガス漏洩検出方法及びその装置

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JPH1123403A (ja) 1997-07-08 1999-01-29 Tokyo Gas Chem Kk 埋設ガス配管から漏洩する燃料ガスの検知調査方法及びその装置
DE10157191A1 (de) * 2001-11-23 2003-06-05 Fritzmeier Georg Gmbh & Co Mikrobiologische Energiequelle zum Antrieb eines Verbrauchers
US7027924B2 (en) 2002-10-31 2006-04-11 Itt Manufacturing Enterprises, Inc Detecting natural gas pipeline failures
US20080179199A1 (en) * 2006-12-19 2008-07-31 Coignet Philippe A Economical and Reliable Gas Sensor
RU2371713C2 (ru) * 2007-11-07 2009-10-27 Некоммерческая организация Институт проблем химической физики Российской академии наук (статус государственного учреждения) (ИПХФ РАН) Сенсор для детектирования водорода и способ его изготовления
RU2389992C1 (ru) * 2009-01-28 2010-05-20 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью Научно-технический Центр "ТАТА" (ООО НТЦ "ТАТА") Способ определения локальной и интегральной негерметичности изделий и устройство для его осуществления
US9739758B2 (en) * 2011-10-20 2017-08-22 Picarro, Inc. Methods for gas leak detection and localization in populated areas using isotope ratio measurements

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JPH05322688A (ja) * 1992-05-18 1993-12-07 Seibu Gas Kk ガス漏洩検出方法及びその装置

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See also references of WO2016016036A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2980583B1 (fr) 2019-10-30
RU2017106266A3 (fr) 2018-12-11
US20170227513A1 (en) 2017-08-10
WO2016016036A1 (fr) 2016-02-04
KR20170038026A (ko) 2017-04-05
EP2980583A1 (fr) 2016-02-03
JP2017523421A (ja) 2017-08-17
CN106715998B (zh) 2019-12-10
RU2695669C2 (ru) 2019-07-25
US10338050B2 (en) 2019-07-02
RU2017106266A (ru) 2018-08-28
CN106715998A (zh) 2017-05-24
EP3175233B1 (fr) 2023-05-24
KR102367829B1 (ko) 2022-02-24
JP6632603B2 (ja) 2020-01-22

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