EP3172104B1 - Luftverteileinrichtung für den innenraum eines schienenfahrzeugs - Google Patents

Luftverteileinrichtung für den innenraum eines schienenfahrzeugs Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3172104B1
EP3172104B1 EP15745419.0A EP15745419A EP3172104B1 EP 3172104 B1 EP3172104 B1 EP 3172104B1 EP 15745419 A EP15745419 A EP 15745419A EP 3172104 B1 EP3172104 B1 EP 3172104B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air
fan
channel
interior
outlets
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP15745419.0A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3172104A1 (de
Inventor
Tomasz Grzesiuk
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alstom Transportation Germany GmbH
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Bombardier Transportation GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
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Priority to PL15745419T priority Critical patent/PL3172104T3/pl
Publication of EP3172104A1 publication Critical patent/EP3172104A1/de
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Publication of EP3172104B1 publication Critical patent/EP3172104B1/de
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
    • B61D17/00—Construction details of vehicle bodies
    • B61D17/04—Construction details of vehicle bodies with bodies of metal; with composite, e.g. metal and wood body structures
    • B61D17/12—Roofs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00357—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles
    • B60H1/00371—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles carrying large numbers of passengers, e.g. buses
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
    • B61D27/00—Heating, cooling, ventilating, or air-conditioning
    • B61D27/0018—Air-conditioning means, i.e. combining at least two of the following ways of treating or supplying air, namely heating, cooling or ventilating

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an air distribution device for distributing incoming air in the interior of a rail vehicle and a method for controlling an air flow distribution in the interior of a rail vehicle.
  • WO 2008/090232 A1 relates to a method for air conditioning of a vehicle, in particular a rail vehicle, in which an interior of the vehicle in a cooling operation cooled air is supplied as supply air and in a heating operation heated air is supplied as supply air.
  • a heating operation at least part of the supply air is supplied in the region of a ceiling of the interior, wherein at least more than 50% of the supply air is supplied in the region of the ceiling.
  • WO 2014/012711 A1 relates to an air duct system for a rail vehicle having a first partial ventilation duct, which comprises at least one opening to a second partial ventilation duct and at least one air outlet for ventilating the interior of the rail vehicle.
  • a deformable and / or moveable diaphragm is disposed on the air duct system such that, in a first condition, it reduces or closes the opening and releases the air outlet and, in a second condition, reduces or closes the air outlet and clears the opening.
  • a membrane complicates an air duct cleaning or maintenance and it is expected during maintenance with costly disassembly and costs.
  • DE 10 2008 032 576 A1 discloses an air conditioning system of a compartment of a railway vehicle, comprising: means for air treatment for heating and / or cooling the air, a first air distribution network in the lower part of the compartment, and a second air distribution network in the upper part of the compartment.
  • the means for air treatment are intended to distribute in the first network and in the second network a first air flow and a second air flow with different temperatures.
  • Two air distribution networks are difficult to realize with limited space in a rail vehicle and it results in increased maintenance.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a solution to one or more of these problems.
  • two air transport spaces in particular two air ducts, are connected to each other via an opening and by means of a fan, the ratio of the amount of air that is passed or transported through the first air transport space to the amount of air that passes through the second air transport space or is transported, adjustable.
  • Both air transport spaces can be arranged in whole or in part in different areas in a rail vehicle. Both air transport spaces have air outlet openings, also referred to as air outlets, which can be arranged in different areas of an interior of a rail vehicle. That the air outlets of a first air transport space can be arranged in a different area of the interior than the air outlets of the second air transport space.
  • the type of operation of the fan can be set, regulated and / or controlled, for example with an adjusting device, a control device or a regulating device.
  • the invention can be used in particular for the targeted distribution of hot or cold air in an interior.
  • An advantage of the invention is that a distribution of the air in the interior can be specifically influenced by the type of operation of the fan, in particular a distribution of hot or cold air.
  • the invention particularly relates to an air distribution device according to claim 1 and a method for controlling an air flow distribution in the interior of a rail vehicle, as indicated in the independent method claim.
  • Advantageous embodiments and further developments of the invention are the subject of dependent claims.
  • the air from or in the first air passage is preferably air flowing into the first air passage.
  • This air may, for example, be air from an air conditioning unit, outside air, recirculated inside air, or a mixture of one or more of them.
  • an optimal air distribution of incoming air in an interior of a rail vehicle in response to the air temperature can be achieved. Regardless of the temperature, air can be distributed into the ceiling area and the floor area.
  • the distribution and the relative air volume can be controlled by the operation of the fan, in particular by the strength of the operation and / or the choice of the suction side of the fan.
  • the invention can be used particularly advantageously for the distribution of hot air or cold air.
  • an optimal air distribution can be achieved.
  • Warm air can be directed to the floor area, allowing it to rise in the vehicle.
  • Cold air can be emitted in the ceiling area and sinks downwards via the air outlets in the ceiling area, following the principle of a trickle ceiling. This optimally utilizes the physical properties of cold and warm air and ensures pleasant and uniform air conditioning in the vehicle.
  • the air flowing into the interior of a rail vehicle according to the invention is also referred to as supply air.
  • the incoming air may be conditioned or set to a certain temperature, for example by an air conditioner.
  • the air is outside air or recirculated air. Mixtures of conditioned air, circulating air and outside air are possible.
  • connection opening may be an opening in a wall separating the first air channel from a second air channel. It is alternatively possible to provide a connection means between the first and the second air duct, for example a connection channel, wherein the connection opening is formed within the connection means.
  • a connecting means in particular a connecting channel, connects the first air passage of the second air passage.
  • the first air duct may preferably be guided in the ceiling area, in particular above the ceiling of an interior, of the rail vehicle.
  • An advantageous arrangement of the first air duct is a running in the car body longitudinal arrangement, preferably a central arrangement.
  • the first air duct may have a plurality of first air outlets in the floor area, through which air can be discharged into the ceiling area of an interior space.
  • the inflow through the first air outlets into the ceiling area can be direct or indirect.
  • the air can be flowed out through the first air outlets from the first air duct and in a space, such as a calming room for mitigating air turbulence, are introduced, which is arranged above an inner roof.
  • the inner ceiling can in turn have a plurality of air outlets through which air can pass and be directed into the interior.
  • arrangement in the ceiling region of an interior thus also means in this sense that a first air duct or first air outlets of the first air duct can be arranged above a ceiling of the interior.
  • the at least one second air duct preferably also extends in the vehicle body longitudinal direction. It can be arranged next to the first air duct, either directly adjacent or at a distance.
  • connecting means in particular a connecting channel, are preferably present, which connects the two channels together.
  • two second air channels are present, which can run in the direction of travel to the right and left of the first air duct.
  • the second air duct has one or more branches, which can be guided downwards into the bottom area of the interior and each have one or more second air outlets at the end.
  • the fan is a turbomachine, which preferably conveyed by means of a rotating impeller air and preferably can also compress.
  • Embodiments of a fan are a fan or a fan.
  • the first quantity of air and the second quantity of air may be measured as volume or, in particular, as volume flow, i. as moved or transported air volume per time.
  • the first amount of air represents the total amount of air flowing through the entirety of the first air outlets.
  • the second amount of air represents the total amount of air that flows through the entirety of the second air outlets.
  • the ratio of the first air quantity to the second air volume may be adjusted in the limiting case such that one of the two air quantities is zero, almost zero or very low, which may be particularly, but not exclusively, related to the second air quantity.
  • the adjustment of the ratio of the air quantities may mean that two ratios are adjustable or more than two ratios are adjustable. Both Ratios may be discrete ratios within a range of ratios, or a ratio that is continuously adjustable in a particular range.
  • a first operating state of the fan can be operated so that air is transported through the first air duct and is predominantly or exclusively flowed through the first air outlets in the ceiling area of the interior.
  • This operating state is preferably used for the introduction of cold air into the interior.
  • the fan can be set to non-operating, controlled or regulated, with no air transport caused by the fan.
  • the term "operation” thus also includes the non-operation.
  • the fan can be operated slowly, so that little air is transported from the first air duct into the second air duct.
  • the fan can be operated so that the suction side is on the side of the second air duct. This is also referred to below as Umledgebetreib.
  • a transport of air preferably cold air
  • a counterflow can be generated which counteracts a flow from the first air passage through the connection opening and prevents or largely prevents air from the first air passage through the connection opening into the second air passage.
  • It can be operated in this variant of the fan so that a generated by the fan counterflow only prevents the transport of air from the first into the second air duct, but no or little air is transported from the second channel into the first channel.
  • This can preferably be achieved by a weak operation with preferably low rotational speed of the fan.
  • the operation of the fan may for example be in an opposite direction of rotation of a fan as in the operating condition shown below, in which air is transported by the fan in the second air duct.
  • Cold air means air that is colder than the current air temperature of the interior.
  • Cold air can be made available for example by an air conditioning device.
  • Warm air means air that is warmer than the current air temperature of the interior.
  • Hot air can be made available for example by an air conditioning device.
  • the fan is configured to block or substantially block transport of air through the connection opening when not in use, that is, to actively carry no air.
  • a small amount of air can in principle be introduced into the second air channel and be flowed into the bottom area through the second air outlet.
  • a blocking means or valve is provided, whereby the connection opening can be closed in order to prevent a passage of air from the first into the second channel.
  • the fan In a second operating state of the air distribution device, the fan can be operated such that air is transported through the first air channel and through the at least one connection opening into the second air channel. The suction side is then on the side of the first channel. This allows the air to flow through the second air outlets into the bottom area of the interior.
  • the fan In the second operating state, the fan is operated such that an air transport takes place from the first to the second channel.
  • the fan is operable so that incoming air is predominantly or exclusively flowed into the bottom area through the second air outlets. It can be operated in a particular variant of the fan so that all or almost all air that is supplied to the first air duct, is transported from the first air duct into the second air duct.
  • the air supplied to the first air channel can be completely or almost completely transported into the second channel and an outflow through first air outlets can be suppressed or substantially suppressed.
  • the fan when warm air is introduced, the fan can preferably be operated so that the warm air is flowed into the bottom area substantially or exclusively through the second air outlets.
  • the fan can be operated in high or maximum operation and the suction side are on the side of the first channel.
  • the first amount of air and the second amount of air can be the same size or about the same size.
  • the fan can be set, controlled and / or regulated for non-operation, full operation or any desired operation between non-operation and full operation. It can thereby be varied by the fan airflow generated by the fan, by corresponding operation of the fan.
  • the volume flow or the strength of the operation can be adjusted, for example, by the speed of a fan wheel, also referred to as impeller.
  • the speed of the fan can be adjusted, controlled and / or regulated and the fan thereby set to non-operation, full operation, or any strong operation between non-operation and full operation, controlled and / or regulated.
  • the fan in non-operation, the fan is not rotated and in full operation, the fan is rotated at maximum speed. In an operation between non-operation and full operation, a speed between zero and maximum speed is set.
  • the fan is operable with respect to different transport directions of the air transported by the fan, from the first air channel into the second air channel or vice versa. It is the transport direction according to the desired operating condition or desired inflow of air through first and / or second air outlets selectable.
  • the suction side of the fan can be varied so that different air transport directions are adjustable.
  • the fan is arranged in the region of the connection opening, in particular in front of the connection opening, viewed from the side of the first channel, in the connection opening or behind the connection opening, viewed from the side of the first channel.
  • the connection opening can, as already mentioned above, be channel-shaped, so that the fan can be arranged within a connection channel.
  • the arrangement in the region of a connection opening a particularly effective transport of air from the first air duct is achieved in the second air duct.
  • the air distribution device has a control device for controlling the fan.
  • the control device With the control device, the type of operation of the fan can be controlled.
  • the air distribution device has a control device for controlling the fan.
  • the control device With the control device, the type of operation of the fan can be controlled.
  • control device or regulating device can control or regulate the rotational speed and / or rotational direction of the impeller.
  • control device or the regulating device is configured to control or regulate the operation of the fan taking into account the temperature of the incoming air.
  • the fan is controlled or regulated so that air is only or substantially flowed through the first air outlets in the ceiling area. This can be achieved by a non-operation of the fan, a slow operation, in which little air is transported from the first air duct into the second air duct, or by the previously described reversing operation, in which a counterflow is generated, the air passage from first in the second air duct prevented.
  • the fan is preferably controlled or regulated in such a way that the warm air is flowed into the floor area essentially or exclusively through the second air outlets.
  • the fan can be controlled or regulated to a high or maximum operation and the suction side are on the side of the first channel.
  • the control or regulation can be made depending on the air temperature.
  • the air temperature can be determined or known, for example by specifying an air temperature of an air conditioning device.
  • the air temperature can be transmitted to the control device or control device, preferably automated.
  • the control device or regulating device can then control or regulate the fan such that a first quantity of air flowing into the ceiling area through the first air outlets and a second quantity of air flowing into the floor area through the second air outlets are brought into the desired ratio , which depends on the air temperature.
  • control device or the Control device In cold air, or the temperature of cold air, the control device or the Control device can be adjusted so that the cold air is exclusively or substantially flowed through the first air outlets in the ceiling area, as described above.
  • control device or the control device In hot air, or the temperature of hot air, the control device or the control device can be set so that the hot air is exclusively or substantially flowed through the second air outlets in the bottom area, as described above.
  • the fan can be controlled with the control device or the control device can be controlled so that air is transported in approximately equal proportions of air through the first air outlets and through the second air outlets.
  • the control or regulation can take place as required and specification of the air distribution as a function of the temperature.
  • the air distribution device includes an air conditioner having an air outlet for cooled or heated air, wherein the first air channel is coupled to the air outlet.
  • cooled or heated air is flowed into the first air channel through the central air outlet.
  • connection opening through which the first air duct and the second air duct are connected to each other, air can then be flowed out of the first air duct into the second air duct.
  • the invention relates to a rail vehicle having an air distribution device described above.
  • the air distribution device is installed in particular in the car body of one or more cars of the rail vehicle.
  • a preferred rail vehicle is a tram, a S-Bahn, a subway, a regional train or a long-distance train.
  • an air distribution device can be used, as described above.
  • the transported through the first air duct or through the first air duct supplied air is also referred to as fresh air or as supply air.
  • This fresh air can be conditioned by an air conditioner.
  • the air may be outside air.
  • air can be transported from the first air duct through the connection opening into the second air duct or vice versa, or no air transport can be carried out or air transport can be prevented, as explained below.
  • the setting, control and / or regulation of the operation of the fan depending on the temperature of the Air distribution device carried transported air depending on the operation of the fan, cold air can be predominantly or exclusively flowed into the ceiling area and warm air can be flowed substantially or exclusively into the floor area of an interior space.
  • a control device or regulating device can be used.
  • the fan can be controlled or regulated by the control device or regulating device in such a way that cold air flows predominantly or exclusively into the ceiling area and warm air is substantially or exclusively flowed into the floor area of an interior space.
  • the control device or the regulating device can control or regulate the operation of the fan in dependence on an actual air temperature of an air transported through the first air duct or supplied through the first air duct.
  • the actual air temperature can be determined for example by a temperature measuring device, the measured variable can be transmitted to the control device or control device.
  • control device or the regulating device can control or regulate the operation of the fan as a function of a desired temperature of the air transported through the first air channel or supplied through the first air channel.
  • the set temperature may be a temperature that is given to an air conditioner.
  • air is transported through the first air channel and predominantly or exclusively through the first air outlets into the ceiling region of the interior of the rail vehicle.
  • the air is preferably cold air, in particular cold air from an air conditioner.
  • the fan is operated so that air is transported through the first air duct, the connection opening, the second air duct and the second air outlets in the bottom region of the interior of the rail vehicle.
  • the operation can be carried out so that air is transported mainly or exclusively in the ground area.
  • the air thus transported is preferably warm air.
  • any air flow ratios can be set, which are preferably selected depending on the temperature.
  • the air distribution device 1 has a first air channel 2 with first air outlets 3, of which by way of example two groups air outlets are highlighted with reference numerals.
  • the first air outlets 3 are in the form of a plurality of parallel slots.
  • Two second air channels 4 and 5 are arranged on both sides of the first air channel 2 in the longitudinal direction.
  • the second air channels 4, 5 have branches 6, 7, 8, 9, which branch off laterally.
  • the branches 6, 7, 8, 9 extend initially laterally branching at the level of the second channels 4, 5 and are then downwardly, in the direction of the viewer in the drawing plane, angled so that they along a side wall of a car body down, in the lower area of the car body or the interior can be performed, as in Fig. 3 shown.
  • second air outlets 10, 11, 12, 13 are arranged, through which air can flow.
  • the air outlets may be of any desired design, for example arranged in each case at the end of an angled duct 7, 9, as in the case of the outlets 11, 13 using the example of FIG Fig. 3 shown.
  • connection opening 14 connects the first air channel 2 with the second air channel 5 and the connection opening 15 connects the first air channel 2 with the second air channel 4.
  • a fan 16 is placed on the side of the second channel 5 and is in front of the connection opening 15 placed on the side of the second channel 4, a fan 17.
  • Fig. 2 shows a cross section through the air distribution device 1 from Fig. 1 along the line AA.
  • the view of the observer is thus in the longitudinal direction L of a car body.
  • Fig. 2 Shown in Fig. 2 are suspensions 18, 19 for attachment of the air distribution device 1 to a car body cover and in the longitudinal direction (viewing direction in Fig. 2 ) extending support 20, 21, to which the air ducts 2, 4, 5, the suspensions 18, 19 and an inner ceiling 22 are attached.
  • warm air is transported by the first air duct 2 through the openings 14, 15 into the second air ducts 4, 5.
  • the warm air W in the first air channel 2 can be introduced from an air conditioner into the first air channel 2.
  • Exemplary hot air flows in the second channels are also indicated by arrows W in FIG Fig. 1 at the second channel 5 shown. Furthermore, in Fig. 1 shown how the hot air flow W in the branches 6, 7 to the second air outlets 10, 11 is passed.
  • the hot air transport takes place by operation of the wheels 24, 25 of the respective fans 16, 17.
  • the regulation of the fans 16, 17 can be effected by a control device 50 which is connected to the fans 16, 17.
  • the control device may include a temperature sensor, not shown, which detects the air temperature within the first channel 2.
  • the control device 50 may be connected to an air conditioner, also not shown in detail or with its control and it can be transmitted to the control device a target temperature for air conditioning. Due to this setpoint temperature, the control device 50 can regulate the operation of the fans 16, 17. In particular, the rotational speed of the wheels 24, 25 is regulated.
  • the device 50 may be a control device.
  • the air supplied through the first channel 2 is cold air
  • the operation of the fans 16, 17 is stopped or the rotational speed of the wheels 24, 25 is at least throttled.
  • Cold air designated by arrows K is then conducted exclusively or predominantly through the first air outlets 3 in the bottom of the first channel 2.
  • the ceiling 22 is suspended for the interior of the rail vehicle.
  • the cold air K flows through the gap and through further outlets 27 in the ceiling 22, two of which are shown by way of example.
  • Fig. 3 shows the installation of the air distribution device 1 according to Fig. 1 and 2 in the car body 30 of a rail vehicle.
  • the air distribution device 1 is attached to a cross member 31 of the roof.
  • a plurality of suspensions 18, 19 may be arranged along the air distribution device and each attached to a further roof rack, analogous to the carrier 31.
  • Cold air K is introduced when the interior 32 cools in the area of the ceiling 22.
  • the flows of cold air with the arrow K and the streams of hot air with the arrows W are shown.
  • Visible are already in Fig. 1
  • the branches are initially slightly laterally guided downwards. In the region of the side walls 33, 34, the branches are guided substantially vertically downwards.
  • the branch channels 7, 9 terminate at the second air outlets 11 and 13 in the bottom area of the interior 32, where the hot air W flows out.
  • the car body 30 is not shown in full.
  • the branches 7, 9 of the second channels 4, 5 are shown interrupted.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
EP15745419.0A 2014-07-24 2015-07-20 Luftverteileinrichtung für den innenraum eines schienenfahrzeugs Active EP3172104B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL15745419T PL3172104T3 (pl) 2014-07-24 2015-07-20 Rozdzielacz powietrza do wnętrza pojazdu szynowego

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102014214581.3A DE102014214581A1 (de) 2014-07-24 2014-07-24 Luftverteileinrichtung für den Innenraum eines Schienenfahrzeugs
PCT/EP2015/066547 WO2016012397A1 (de) 2014-07-24 2015-07-20 Luftverteileinrichtung für den innenraum eines schienenfahrzeugs

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3172104A1 EP3172104A1 (de) 2017-05-31
EP3172104B1 true EP3172104B1 (de) 2018-09-12

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP15745419.0A Active EP3172104B1 (de) 2014-07-24 2015-07-20 Luftverteileinrichtung für den innenraum eines schienenfahrzeugs

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3172104B1 (es)
DE (1) DE102014214581A1 (es)
ES (1) ES2697427T3 (es)
PL (1) PL3172104T3 (es)
WO (1) WO2016012397A1 (es)

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EP3617029B1 (en) * 2017-12-27 2022-11-30 CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles Co., Ltd. Rail train and air conditioner duct thereof

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DE102016209589A1 (de) * 2016-06-01 2017-12-07 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Luftverteileinrichtung für ein Fahrzeug
GB2546836B (en) * 2016-06-24 2019-06-26 Bombardier Transp Gmbh Method of assembling a ceiling framework to a roof structure of a vehicle body of a rail vehicle
CN106476829A (zh) * 2016-11-15 2017-03-08 中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司 新型侧出风四风道的中顶结构
FR3066986B1 (fr) * 2017-06-02 2020-08-28 Alstom Transp Tech Gaine de diffusion d'air pour systeme d'aeration, notamment de vehicule ferroviaire
CN109318915A (zh) * 2017-12-26 2019-02-12 中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司 轨道列车及其侧墙
CN109969212B (zh) * 2017-12-27 2024-03-22 中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司 轨道列车及其空调风道
DE102018203428B3 (de) * 2018-03-07 2019-05-09 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Fahrzeug mit einer Klimaanordnung
WO2020044536A1 (ja) * 2018-08-31 2020-03-05 川崎重工業株式会社 鉄道車両用空調ダクト
DE102018133627A1 (de) * 2018-12-27 2020-07-02 Bombardier Transportation Gmbh Fahrzeug

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EP3617029B1 (en) * 2017-12-27 2022-11-30 CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles Co., Ltd. Rail train and air conditioner duct thereof

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Publication number Publication date
EP3172104A1 (de) 2017-05-31
ES2697427T3 (es) 2019-01-23
DE102014214581A1 (de) 2016-01-28
PL3172104T3 (pl) 2019-04-30
WO2016012397A1 (de) 2016-01-28

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