EP3171998B1 - Kühlung eines metallischen strangabschnitts - Google Patents

Kühlung eines metallischen strangabschnitts Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3171998B1
EP3171998B1 EP15744524.8A EP15744524A EP3171998B1 EP 3171998 B1 EP3171998 B1 EP 3171998B1 EP 15744524 A EP15744524 A EP 15744524A EP 3171998 B1 EP3171998 B1 EP 3171998B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cooling
coolant
control signals
strand
switching valves
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
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EP15744524.8A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3171998A1 (de
Inventor
Thomas Fuernhammer
Peter Ladner
Markus Mairhofer
Rudolf Scheidl
René STELLNBERGER
Helmut Wahl
Philipp Wieser
Stefan WOESS
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Primetals Technologies Austria GmbH
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Primetals Technologies Austria GmbH
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Publication of EP3171998A1 publication Critical patent/EP3171998A1/de
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/12—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ
    • B22D11/124—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ for cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/16—Controlling or regulating processes or operations
    • B22D11/22—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for cooling cast stock or mould
    • B22D11/225—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for cooling cast stock or mould for secondary cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/02—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to produce a jet, spray, or other discharge of particular shape or nature, e.g. in single drops, or having an outlet of particular shape
    • B05B1/08—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to produce a jet, spray, or other discharge of particular shape or nature, e.g. in single drops, or having an outlet of particular shape of pulsating nature, e.g. delivering liquid in successive separate quantities ; Fluidic oscillators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B12/00—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area
    • B05B12/02—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area for controlling time, or sequence, of delivery
    • B05B12/04—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area for controlling time, or sequence, of delivery for sequential operation or multiple outlets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/12—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ
    • B22D11/124—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ for cooling
    • B22D11/1246—Nozzles; Spray heads
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B13/00—Machines or plants for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces of objects or other work by spraying, not covered by groups B05B1/00 - B05B11/00
    • B05B13/02—Means for supporting work; Arrangement or mounting of spray heads; Adaptation or arrangement of means for feeding work
    • B05B13/0207—Means for supporting work; Arrangement or mounting of spray heads; Adaptation or arrangement of means for feeding work the work being an elongated body, e.g. wire or pipe

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for cooling a strand section of a metallic strand according to the preamble of claim 1 and to a cooling device according to the preamble of claim 14.
  • a metallic melt is fed to a usually oscillating, water-cooled mold, solidified therein at least in the edge zone and usually continuously - already in the form of a strand - fed from the mold of the mold downstream strand guiding device of the continuous casting machine and conveyed therethrough ,
  • strand section is also intended to mean a region of the endlessly generated strand which coincides with the casting speed is transported by the cooling device (also called cooling zone) of the continuous casting machine. In no way is it essential for the invention that the strand is cut off even before cooling in the cooling device.
  • a strand section is merely a "virtual section" of the metallic one Strand, which is moved with the casting speed through the cooling device of the continuous casting machine.
  • the coolant loading density can be influenced inadvertently, in particular by undesired fluctuations in a coolant flow rate in lines or feed lines of the cooling device.
  • Such fluctuations can be caused by Pressure surges are caused in the coolant, which in turn can be caused by the intermittent circuit - ie the opening and closing - the switching valves.
  • the amount of pressure surges and thus the height of the fluctuations can be reduced by the determination of the control signals according to the invention.
  • a reliable and efficient cooling of the strand section is thus achieved, in particular, by reducing undesired pressure impacts in the lines of the cooling region or the supply lines of the coolant into the cooling region.
  • the invention is based on the recognition that in the promotion of the strand through the cooling region primarily along the strand a differently strong re-heating of the strand surface - due to heat conduction from the strand interior - adjusts. It is therefore desirable to be able to change the cooling capacity along the strand or the cooling device. Otherwise, it can lead to a loss of metallurgical quality or overcooling of the strand. For this purpose, it is on the one hand advantageous to apply the coolant intermittently - ie with time interruptions - on the strand. This way you can a coolant quantity and thus the cooling capacity can be set in a simple, robust and energy-efficient manner over a wide range of values.
  • a uniform coolant application can not be readily ensured, since it can lead to an unwanted interaction between the time interruptions of the coolant application and other process variables of the continuous casting process. If, for example, a strand section is partially or completely conveyed through a cooling area during a time interruption of the coolant application or, for example, also in the case of a defect in a cooling nozzle or the like, the strand section experiences an unwanted reduction in cooling or no cooling at all. This, in turn, may be accompanied by an undesirable reduction in strand quality.
  • a strand section may be a section of the strand in a strand longitudinal direction or in a conveying direction of the strand through the cooling region.
  • a strand in its overall length may at least predominantly be formed from a plurality of strand sections.
  • the division of the strand into a plurality of strand sections may be an imaginary division of a quasi-continuous - ie integrally connected by at least half of the length the strand guide device running - strand be.
  • the metallic strand can at least predominantly contain steel or be a steel strand.
  • a cooling region in the sense of the present invention may be an area through which the strand section or strand for the application of coolant is conveyed.
  • the cooling region is expediently arranged along the strand guiding device of the continuous casting machine, preferably within the region of the strand guiding device.
  • the continuous casting machine can comprise a plurality of cooling regions arranged one behind the other, in particular in the conveying direction of the strand.
  • the cooling area may be an area wettable by coolant discharged from the cooling nozzle.
  • the intermittent coolant application can be achieved by repeatedly switching back and forth between an open and a closed state of the switching valves.
  • the switching valves are connected upstream of the cooling nozzles in the direction of coolant flow.
  • the switching valves are driven by binary control signals.
  • Binary can mean that the control signal can assume two states, in particular 0 or 1 or HI or LOW.
  • a switching valve is controlled by a control signal.
  • each of the switching valves is driven by its own control signal.
  • a group of several switching valves is controlled by one and the same control signal, in particular simultaneously.
  • a switching valve may in turn release or shut off a flow of coolant through a single cooling nozzle. It is also conceivable that releases several coolant flows through a group of several cooling nozzles through one and the same switching valve or shut off.
  • the binary control signal is a pulse-width-modulated control signal whose signal properties can be defined by a carrier frequency, a pulse width ratio and a phase shift or the like.
  • Definition in the sense of the present invention may mean that at least one signaling property of a control signal, for example the carrier frequency, is modulated or adapted or changed.
  • the control signals can be determined by a modulation of at least one of their signaling properties, in particular their respective carrier frequency, their respective pulse width ratio and / or their respective phase shift to one of the other control signals.
  • the determination is advantageously made as a function of at least one state variable, which may be a state variable of the continuous casting process (for example, the casting speed), the strand, the cooling device or the like.
  • the coolant admission density can be understood to mean a unit of quantity of the coolant in relation to a unit area of the strand section.
  • thedeffenbeaufschlagungs prevail a quantity of refrigerant per unit area, which can be given for example with the unit of measure l / m 2 .
  • the invention contemplates that the intermittent intermittent coolant application interruptions to the strand section in the cooling zone be accomplished by modulation - i. a change in the signal properties - the control signals is adjusted such that a surface to be cooled of the strand section has undergone the same cooling performance by the action of the coolant after passing through the cooling region at each point.
  • a state variable describing the physical state of the coolant is advantageously determined, in particular in the region of at least one of the switching valves and / or several coolant supply lines common to the cooling nozzles. Furthermore, it is advantageous if a course of the state variable is compared with a reference profile. Preferably, a fault condition of at least one of the switching valves and / or one of the cooling nozzles of the cooling device is determined as a function of the comparison.
  • the determination of a fault condition of the cooling device can, in addition to determining whether a defect or defect of the cooling device is present, also the detection of which element of the cooling device is defective, ie a localization of the defective element of the cooling device - include.
  • Compensating an error condition may mean that the control signals are determined or adjusted in such a way that, even in the presence of a fault condition, the strand section at the end of the cooling region has been subjected to a coolant admission density substantially the same across the strand section. That is, when compensating for an error condition, the control signals are desirably set such that the strand portion at the end of the cooling region has been subjected to the same or substantially the same coolant pressurization density over the strand portion as in the case that no fault condition of the cooling device is present. Thus, the effects of the error state are expediently compensated.
  • the determination of the error state is based on the finding that the cooling device for the application of the coolant can be impaired in its function at least partially due to the error.
  • An error condition of the cooling device may be due, inter alia, to a defect in one or more of the switching valves and / or one or more of the cooling nozzles. For example, a switching valve and / or a plurality of switching valves as a result of blocking can no longer be switched from an open to a closed state and / or vice versa - ie blocked.
  • a switching valve and / or a cooling nozzle may be at least partially clogged or the like.
  • a plurality of switching valves and / or a plurality of cooling nozzles may each be at least partially blocked or the like. It is essential to realize that a defective switching valve and / or a defective cooling nozzle clearly located must be in accordance with the method to adjust the determination of the control signals, so that even in the presence of such a fault condition, a uniformdeffenbeetzschungs admire can be achieved. In this case, the determination of a fault condition by one sensor per switching valve and / or per cooling nozzle can be complex and error-prone, since a large number of sensors is required.
  • determining a state variable describing the state of the coolant in the region of at least one of the switching valves and / or several coolant supply lines common to the cooling nozzles it is possible to reduce the metrological outlay for determining a fault condition.
  • a sensor is placed on the cooling device and a measured value is determined, instead of placing a plurality of sensors at several points of the cooling device in order to determine a plurality of measured values.
  • the state variable may in particular be a state variable of the coolant, for example a pressure, an acceleration, a sound pressure, a flow or the like.
  • the state variable is determined on a coolant supply line, which supplies a plurality of switching valves and / or cooling nozzles with coolant.
  • the state quantity may be in a regular operation of the cooling device - i. during a strand production - and / or determined during a maintenance operation of the cooling device.
  • the reference profile can be a profile of the determined state variable over time, over a frequency or the like, which is or was determined in a fault-free operation of the cooling device.
  • the comparison can be made by a mathematical operation taking into account the reference curve and the course of the state variable.
  • the comparison can be made by subtraction between the course of the state variable and the reference curve.
  • the cooling device comprising switching valves, cooling nozzles, a coolant and a control device, which control means for establishing binary pulse width modulated control signals and for driving the switching valves is prepared with the control signals for cooling a metallic strand section in a cooling area of a continuous casting machine, provides that the Control means for establishing a phase shift of one of the control signals is prepared.
  • the invention is based on the recognition that measuring and / or control engineering measures are required for reliable and efficient cooling of the strand section.
  • the invention makes it possible to implement these measures in accordance with the method in that the cooling device has the control device set up in this way.
  • the cooling device according to the invention is adapted to carry out the method according to the invention, in particular at least one of the developments of the method according to the invention described below.
  • the cooling device can have a measuring device and / or a determination device.
  • the measuring device advantageously has a sensor which is prepared for determining a state variable describing the state of the coolant in the region of a coolant supply line common to at least a plurality of switching valves and / or cooling nozzles.
  • the determination device is prepared for comparing a curve of the state variable with a reference curve and for determining an error state of the cooling device as a function of the comparison.
  • the control device is preferably set up to define the binary pulse-width-modulated control signals such that a strand section conveyed through the cooling region has been acted on at the end of the cooling region with a coolant admission density which is substantially the same across the strand section.
  • the invention and / or any further development described can also be realized by a computer program product which has a storage medium on which a computer program is stored which carries out the invention and / or the development.
  • ⁇ t p / n be set, where t p the period of the control signal, that is, the reciprocal of the carrier frequency F, is.
  • control signals have different carrier frequencies and / or pulse width ratios, it may be necessary to deviate from simple arithmetic calculation approaches for determining the control signals.
  • a phase shift of one of the control signals is determined using a numerical optimization method for minimizing a volume flow fluctuation of the coolant.
  • the volume flow fluctuation can describe a fluctuation of a coolant flow through a line or feed line of the cooling device.
  • a frequency spectrum of the volume flow can be determined.
  • the frequency spectrum can be split into a constant and a trigonometric term.
  • the trigonometric term may depend on the pulse width ratios and the phase shifts of the switching signals. Given the pulse width ratios of the control signals, the optimization may involve the adaptation of the phase shifts.
  • the optimization method can be carried out with a so-called genetic algorithm, a gradient-based method or the like.
  • At least two of the control signals are set with different carrier frequencies.
  • a carrier frequency may be the reciprocal of a time period between two state changes of a control signal from LOW to HI and / or from HI to LOW, respectively.
  • a comparatively high carrier frequency can cause a comparatively fast intermittent coolant application.
  • the carrier frequency may be the reciprocal of a period of a control signal cycle.
  • the at least two control signals can each control a switching valve, the respective switching valve in each case release and / or interrupt a coolant flow through a cooling nozzle.
  • different amounts of coolant can be applied to the strand by the cooling nozzles addressed in this way.
  • the coolant admission density may be undesiredly influenced.
  • a carrier frequency of one of the control signals is determined as a function of a speed of the strand section.
  • a carrier frequency of one of the control signals is determined as a function of a length of the cooling region.
  • the length of the cooling region may be an extension of the cooling region substantially along the strand conveying direction.
  • the length of the cooling region may be a length of a region to be acted upon by a cooling nozzle with coolant.
  • a carrier frequency of one of the control signals is determined as a function of a passage time of the strand by a region which can be acted upon by a cooling nozzle with coolant, in particular a cooling region.
  • the cycle time can be the quotient of the length of the cooling zone and the strand velocity.
  • a carrier frequency of one of the control signals is determined as a function of a spray profile of the cooling nozzles.
  • the spray profile may be a curve of an achievable coolant loading density along a surface wetted by a cooling nozzle.
  • Conceivable is a rectangular spray profile, in which each wetted point along the surface is acted upon with the same amount of coolant.
  • phase shift of one of the control signals is determined as a function of a speed of the strand and / or a length of the cooling region and / or a spray profile of the cooling nozzles.
  • a pulse width ratio of one of the control signals is determined as a function of a speed of the strand and / or a length of the cooling region and / or a spray profile of the cooling nozzles.
  • control signals By defining one or more of the control signals in the aforementioned manner, it can be achieved that the admission of a strand section with coolant after passing through a cooling zone has essentially the same coolant application density over the strand section.
  • At least two of the control signals are set with different pulse width ratios.
  • the pulse width ratio may be the relative proportion of a control signal pulse - i. a binary HI state - describe the period of the control waveform.
  • a pulse width ratio of 100% describes a control signal with a permanent state 1 or HI.
  • a pulse width ratio of 50% describes a control signal having a rectangular profile whose rectangular pulses each last half of a period duration.
  • a pulse width ratio of one of the control signals is determined as a function of a fault condition of the cooling device.
  • a phase shift of one of the control signals to another of the control signals is determined as a function of a fault condition of the cooling device and / or a carrier frequency of one of the control signals is determined in dependence on a fault condition of the cooling device.
  • the pulse width ratio of a control signal for controlling a further cooling nozzle can be changed such that the quantity of coolant that has not been applied by mistake is additionally applied to the strand by means of the further cooling nozzle. In this way, it is possible to counteract unwanted, erroneously uneven coolant admission of the strand.
  • coolant is applied to the strand within a cooling region by means of only one cooling nozzle or one cooling nozzle row, a uniform coolant application density can not be readily achieved, in particular with a particularly high casting speed or a particularly short length of a cooling region.
  • the method is used for cooling a strand section in a cooling region, in which at least two of the cooling nozzles are arranged one behind the other in a conveying direction of the strand section. In this way, a coolant amount compensation over more than one cooling nozzle (n réelle) done with simple means.
  • a frequency spectrum of the state variable is determined using a course of the state variable and compared with a reference frequency spectrum.
  • the course of the state variable can be a time course, in particular a course of a pressure over time.
  • the determination of the frequency spectrum can be carried out with a so-called fast Fourier transformation method or the like.
  • the reference frequency spectrum is a frequency spectrum that is or was determined in a fault-free operation of the cooling device.
  • a state variable impact - ie an abrupt change of a state variable over time - of the coolant in the coolant supply line can be effected.
  • Such a burst may be a frequency spectrum with a frequency overshoot - i. a peak or the like.
  • the switching of a plurality of switching valves can cause a plurality of respectively characteristic frequency peaks within the frequency spectrum, wherein individual peaks can be assigned to individual switching valves and / or cooling nozzles.
  • a defective switching valve and / or a defective cooling nozzle can be determined and located in a simple manner in this way.
  • At least one of the switching valves is triggered by a control signal having a temporarily increased switching test frequency.
  • a frequency spectrum of the state variable is determined. If the switching test frequency is not included as a characteristic frequency increase in the frequency spectrum, it is possible to conclude an error state at the switching valve controlled by the switching test frequency and / or a cooling nozzle downstream of this switching valve.
  • a plurality of switching valves which are fed from a common coolant supply line, one after the other, preferably for 2 s to 4 s, driven with the switching test frequency. It is advantageous if the switching test frequency exceeds a usual switching frequency or carrier frequency of the switching valves by at least a factor of two. In this way, a fault condition during a regular operation of the cooling device can be determined while avoiding an influence on thedestoffbeetzstoffungsêt.
  • the state variable is determined with a pressure sensor.
  • Pressure sensors are widely tried and available in a variety of adapted to the particular application embodiments. In this way, the state variable can be determined reliably and inexpensively.
  • the state variable is determined with a flow sensor.
  • a flow meter for determining a coolant consumption anyway part of the cooling device, so that the state variable can be determined particularly cost.
  • the state variable is determined with a sound sensor.
  • the sound can be determined, for example, directly at a coolant supply line or indirectly at another location of the cooling device, and an introduction of a sensor system into the coolant flow can be avoided.
  • Such a spatially particularly flexible determination of the state variable can be achieved.
  • the state variable is determined with an acceleration sensor. Acceleration sensors are widely tried and available in a variety of adapted to the particular application embodiments. To this Way, the state variable can be determined reliably and inexpensively.
  • the method according to the invention in particular one of its developments described above, is used in one of several cooling regions of the continuous casting machine.
  • the phrase "in one of several cooling areas” may be understood to mean “in exactly one cooling area of several cooling areas” or “in only one cooling area of several cooling areas”.
  • the method according to the invention, in particular one of its developments described above can be used in each case in a plurality of cooling regions of the continuous casting machine.
  • the determination device is prepared for determining a frequency spectrum of the state variable, preferably using a time characteristic of the state variable.
  • the determination device is prepared for comparing the frequency spectrum of the state variable with a reference frequency spectrum.
  • the determining device is prepared for determining defective switching valves and / or cooling nozzles using the comparison.
  • control device is prepared for determining a carrier frequency of one of the control signals.
  • control device is prepared for establishing a pulse width ratio of one of the control signals.
  • the cooling device is adapted to at least two of the control signals with different Set carrier frequencies and / or pulse width ratios.
  • the cooling device is set up to fix at least one of the control signals with a phase shift to another of the control signals.
  • control device is prepared for establishing a phase shift of one of the control signals in one of a plurality of cooling regions of the continuous casting machine.
  • the phrase "in one of several cooling areas” may be understood to mean “in exactly one cooling area of several cooling areas” or "in only one cooling area of several cooling areas”.
  • the control device can be prepared for determining a phase shift of one of the control signals in each case in a plurality of cooling regions of the continuous casting machine.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a cooling device 2 for cooling a metallic strand section 4 in a cooling region 6 of a continuous casting machine. The latter is not shown for reasons of clarity.
  • the cooling device 2 has switching valves 8, cooling nozzles 10, a coolant supply line 14 leading to a coolant 12, a measuring device 16, a determination device 18 and a control device 20.
  • one of the switching valves 8 is connected upstream of one of the cooling nozzles 10. It is of course also conceivable that a plurality of cooling nozzles, for example a so-called cooling nozzle bar, are addressed by a single switching valve.
  • the cooling region 6 has the length L and comprises six cooling nozzles 10 arranged one behind the other. However, it is also possible that a cooling region comprises only one of the cooling nozzles 10 and has a length L 1 .
  • the measuring device 16 has a sensor 24 which is arranged on the coolant supply line 14 or a measuring point 22 and which is prepared for determining a profile of a state variable describing the state of the coolant 12.
  • this state variable is the pressure 26 of the coolant 12 at the measuring point 22.
  • the determination device 18 is prepared for comparing a course of the pressure 26 - a time and / or a frequency curve or the like - with a reference curve and for determining a fault condition of the cooling device 2 as a function of the comparison.
  • the control device 20 is for determining binary pulse width modulated control signals (see FIG. 2 : 38, 40, 42, 44) and to control the switching valves 8 with the control signals via signal lines 28 prepared.
  • the strand section 4 is guided between strand guide rollers 30 and for cooling in a conveying direction 32 - also casting direction - at a speed v by the length L - is conceivable also the length L 1 - extending cooling region 6 promoted, ie to the Cooling nozzles 10 passed.
  • the switching valves 8 by the controller 20 each with a binary pulse width modulated control signal (see FIG. 2 ), whereby coolant flows are alternately released or interrupted by the cooling nozzles 10, whereby the coolant 12 is applied intermittently to the strand section 4 in the cooling region 6 for cooling.
  • the cooling nozzles 10 each have a triangular spray profile 34 in the conveying direction 32.
  • the binary pulse-width-modulated control signals are determined by the control device 20 such that the strand section 4 conveyed through the cooling region 6 has been acted upon at the end 36 of the cooling region 6 by a coolant admission density that is essentially the same across the strand section 4.
  • the method is not limited in its use to the cooling arrangement shown in this embodiment, in particular for cooling a strand section in the form of a long product in particular, in the form of a so-called Beam Blanks, Blooms, Billets, Rounds - also: carrier, billet or billet - or the like is suitable.
  • Other cooling arrangements for example for cooling Slabs - also: slabs - can also be operated according to the cooling method.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of exemplary courses of binary pulse width modulated control signals 38, 40, 42 and 44 over the time t for driving the switching valves 8 from FIG. 1 ,
  • the illustration illustrates the properties that can be adapted or modulated to determine the control signals, namely period duration, pulse width ratio and time offset (phase shift).
  • control signals 38 to 44 change in their ordinate-applied signal state u over the time t between 1 and HI and a 0 or LOW, ie are binary in the sense of signal technology.
  • the reciprocal of the period 1 / t p is the carrier frequency F of the control signal 38.
  • the higher the carrier frequency F the shorter is a switching cycle between an open and a closed state of one of the thus controlled switching valves 8 and the shorter the time interruptions of the coolant application to the strand section 4 by the downstream of this switching valve of the cooling nozzles 10 and / or downstream cooling nozzles 10th
  • the control signal 40 is set in comparison to the control signal 38 with a doubled period 2 * t p , thus has a carrier frequency F / 2. Although the absolute pulse width of the control signals 38 and 40 is equal, the pulse width ratio of the control signal 40 is ⁇ / 2. As a result, in a control of a switching valve with the control signal 40 compared to the control with the control signal 38 within a switching cycle, only half of a coolant quantity is applied.
  • the control signal 42 has compared to the control signal 40, the same period 2 * t p .
  • the absolute pulse width (1/2 t) T 1/2, so that the pulse width ratio of the control signal 42 ⁇ / 4 / (2 * t p) is.
  • the control signal 44 is set in comparison to the control signals 38, 40 and 42 with a time delay t z and thus has a phase shift.
  • FIG. 3 shows a diagram for illustrating a relationship between thedeffenbeetzschlagungs Why and the determination of the control signals by means of FIG. 2 illustrated signal properties.
  • FIG. 3 a state (ordinate, u) of a control signal 46 over time (abscissa, t).
  • the curve running of the control signal 46 corresponds to an average coolant flow q-ie an average coolant quantity per unit of time-which is applied to a cooling area by a cooling nozzle actuated indirectly by the control signal 46. Further, the area enclosed by the curve 46 up to a time t corresponds to an amount of refrigerant discharged up to this time.
  • a partial section of a strand section enters the cooling region at time t 10 and exits from it at time t 20 and is in the meantime subjected to a coolant quantity Q.
  • the quantity of coolant Q applied to the subsection corresponds to the shaded area enclosed by a dashed line region 48 under the curve 46.
  • Both sections of the strand section pass through the cooling area in a same cycle time t n - so have the same length or area assuming the same speed v - and are subjected to the same amount of coolant Q. Accordingly, the strand section, which is conveyed through the cooling region and formed by the two regions 48 and 50, has a uniform coolant loading density at the end of the cooling region.
  • the respective cycle time t n of the regions 48 and 50 through the cooling region acted upon by the mean coolant flow q is twice the period t p .
  • the cycle time t n is determined by the length of the cooling region L 1 and the strand velocity v.
  • period duration t p of the control signal 46 is determined as a function of the speed v of the strand section 4 and / or the length of the cooling region L 1 and / or the spray profile 34 of the cooling nozzles 10.
  • FIG. 4 shows in analogy to FIG. 3 the relationships in a triangular spray profile of the cooling nozzles in the conveying direction of a strand section.
  • the following description is essentially limited to the differences from the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 3 which is referred to with regard to features and functions that remain the same.
  • Substantially identical components are basically numbered with the same reference numerals, and features not mentioned are adopted in the following exemplary embodiments without being described again.
  • FIG. 4 a control waveform 52 and two sections 54 and 56 of a strand section.
  • the regions 54, 56 of the strand section enter the cooling region at times t 50 and t 60 and exit the cooling region at times t 70 and t 80, respectively, and are supplied with the same amount of coolant Q.
  • the strand section which is conveyed through the cooling region and formed by the two regions 54, 56, has a uniform coolant loading density at the end of the cooling region. Decisive for this is that the period t p is an even multiple of the cycle time t n .
  • FIG. 5 shows a diagram of a frequency spectrum of the pressure (ordinate: p (bar), abscissa: f (Hz)) of the coolant 12 in the supply line 14 of the cooling device 2 from FIG. 1 upon actuation of one of the switching valves 10.
  • the pressure p (or 26, cf. FIG. 1 ) can be determined with the sensor 24 of the measuring device 16.
  • the frequency spectrum is determined by the detection means 18 (see FIG. 1 ) determined from a time course of the pressure, here by means of a so-called FFT analysis (Fast Fourier Transformation). It is also possible a so-called Perform partial FFT analysis, ie a fast Fourier transform for a particular frequency range.
  • FFT analysis Fast Fourier Transformation
  • the frequency spectrum has a resonance peak 58 at a frequency f of about 75 Hz.
  • the resonant peak 58 is due to a surge in the coolant supply line 14, which is caused by the switching of one of the switching valves 10.
  • FIG. 6 shows a diagram of a frequency spectrum of the refrigerant pressure (ordinate: p (bar), left abscissa: f (Hz)) upon actuation of several of the switching valves 10 (right abscissa: valve number n (-)).
  • the coolant pressure p is again determined at the measuring point 22.
  • the frequency spectrum has a resonance peak 60 at a frequency f of about 75 Hz.
  • the amplitude of the resonant peak 60 rises above the valve number n.
  • the frequency spectrum - in particular the course of the resonance peaking 60 - is compared by the detection device 18 with a reference curve.
  • FIG. 7 shows a diagram with a comparison of two frequency curves 62 and 64 of the refrigerant pressure p (ordinate: p (bar), abscissa: f (Hz)) in the presence of a fault condition at one of the switching valves 8 and / or cooling nozzles 10 FIG. 1 ,
  • the curves 62 and 64 relate to the activation of a single one of the switching valves 10.
  • the frequency profile 62 indicates a fault-free state, ie represents a reference frequency characteristic.
  • the frequency characteristic 64 is established, for example, in the case of a clogged, non-switchable or otherwise non-switchable switching valve and / or an impaired cooling nozzle. The comparison between the two frequency curves 62 and 64 can clearly determine a fault condition.
  • FIG. 8 shows a diagram with a pressure curve 66 over time (abscissa: t (s)) upon actuation of the switching valves 8 FIG. 1 with a switching test cycle 68, which is determined by the timing of the control signals.
  • the determination of an error state can in turn be done by a comparison with a reference curve or alternatively by an adjustment of the pressure peaks 70 with each other.
  • the convolution signal can be chosen such that amplification and / or noise suppression are as advantageous as possible.
  • a function sin 2 (t) can be selected as the convolution signal or function.
  • the switching test cycle is determined with circuits distributed evenly over the switching test cycle duration.
  • FIGS. 9 to 11 show a schematic representation of an optimization method for minimizing a volume flow fluctuation of the coolant 12 in the coolant supply line 14 of FIG. 1 .
  • switching valves are actuated with a time delay, with e.g. 0.1 s each delay, so can reduce the unwanted system feedback.
  • control signals for controlling the switching valves are determined with different pulse width ratios ⁇ , then this simple approach can no longer be used and it is advantageous to use that in FIGS. 9 to 11 illustrated optimization method for determining the control signals to use.
  • a frequency spectrum of the flow or the volume flow of the coolant 12 is determined by the coolant supply line 14.
  • the determination of this frequency spectrum can be carried out, for example, from the pressure p determined with the sensor 24 of the measuring device 16 for the indirect determination of the volume flow of the coolant 12 or by a direct determination of the volume flow and a subsequent FFT by means of the detection device 18.
  • the frequency spectrum of the flow A is split into a constant and a trigonometric term, wherein the trigonometric term is dependent both on the pulse width ratio ⁇ and the switching delay times t z .
  • FIG. 9 shows the result of this decomposition in a circuit of two switching valves in phasor notation in the complex number plane 72 (abscissa: real part Re, ordinate: imaginary part, Im).
  • the amounts of the flows A 1 and A 2 depend on the respective pulse width ratio k of the control signal which activates the respective switching valve.
  • the phase shifts ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 are dependent on the respective delay time t z .
  • FIG. 10 shows the result of the optimization for the exemplary case that ten switching valves are controlled by ten control signals with equal pulse width ratios ⁇ .
  • the optimization delivers ten in the complex Number plane by the same optimized phase shift 76 ( ⁇ ) turned flows A 1 to A 10 .
  • the optimization can be done with a genetic algorithm, a gradient-based optimization method or the like.
  • a cost function is optimized which can be described by the sum of the squares of the sums of the complex vectors A v , summed over all the Fourier terms considered.
  • FIG. 11 shows an alternative graphical representation of the optimization result.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
EP15744524.8A 2014-07-25 2015-07-22 Kühlung eines metallischen strangabschnitts Active EP3171998B1 (de)

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PCT/EP2015/066700 WO2016012471A1 (de) 2014-07-25 2015-07-22 Kühlung eines metallischen strangabschnitts

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WO2017042059A1 (de) * 2015-09-07 2017-03-16 Primetals Technologies Austria GmbH Sekundärkühlung eines strangs in einer stranggiessanlage
AT518450B1 (de) * 2016-03-17 2021-02-15 Primetals Technologies Austria GmbH Verfahren und Kühleinrichtung zum Kühlen eines metallischen Strangs
CN106670447B (zh) * 2017-02-21 2018-12-18 中冶京诚工程技术有限公司 一种连铸二冷水喷嘴系统及其控制方法
EP3252547B1 (de) 2017-05-02 2019-07-03 Primetals Technologies Austria GmbH Verfahren zum steuern einer bewegung eines beweglich gelagerten körpers eines mechanischen systems
CN110605368A (zh) * 2019-09-26 2019-12-24 武汉钢铁有限公司 板坯喷淋冷却系统、方法及装置
CN111531144B (zh) * 2020-05-15 2021-07-23 河钢乐亭钢铁有限公司 一种超宽流量及拉速变化范围的连铸喷嘴水流量控制方法

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JPS61161175A (ja) * 1984-12-29 1986-07-21 Nordson Kk 二流体のスプレイ方法
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AT406237B (de) * 1998-08-03 2000-03-27 Voest Alpine Ind Anlagen Verfahren zum kühlen eines heissen körpers und kühlmittel-sprühdüse zur durchführung des verfahrens
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ES2678774T3 (es) 2018-08-17
WO2016012471A1 (de) 2016-01-28
JP2017521262A (ja) 2017-08-03
JP6400830B2 (ja) 2018-10-03
KR102312840B1 (ko) 2021-10-14
AT516075B1 (de) 2018-09-15
AT516075A1 (de) 2016-02-15
KR20170036042A (ko) 2017-03-31
EP3171998A1 (de) 2017-05-31

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