EP3171021B1 - Hydrostatische axialkolbenmaschine - Google Patents
Hydrostatische axialkolbenmaschine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3171021B1 EP3171021B1 EP16195300.5A EP16195300A EP3171021B1 EP 3171021 B1 EP3171021 B1 EP 3171021B1 EP 16195300 A EP16195300 A EP 16195300A EP 3171021 B1 EP3171021 B1 EP 3171021B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- ball
- piston
- spherical
- recess
- joint connection
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 55
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 19
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B1/00—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
- F04B1/12—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
- F04B1/122—Details or component parts, e.g. valves, sealings or lubrication means
- F04B1/124—Pistons
- F04B1/126—Piston shoe retaining means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
- F01B3/00—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines with cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
- F01B3/0032—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines with cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having rotary cylinder block
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
- F01B3/00—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines with cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
- F01B3/0082—Details
- F01B3/0085—Pistons
- F01B3/0088—Piston shoe retaining means
Definitions
- the invention relates to a hydrostatic axial piston machine with at least one piston which is longitudinally displaceable in a receiving bore of a cylinder drum, the piston being articulated to a support element by means of a ball joint connection formed by a ball and a dome-shaped recess, a hydrostatic relief being formed between the piston and the support element ,
- Known hydrostatic axial piston machines use ball joint connections between a piston and a support element and thus between the power-converting components.
- an axial piston machine designed as a swash plate machine such ball joint connections between the piston and a sliding block are used as a supporting element.
- an axial piston machine designed as an inclined axis machine such ball joint connections between the piston and a drive flange are used as a supporting element.
- the piston is arranged longitudinally displaceably in a receiving bore of the cylinder drum of the axial piston machine, the piston and the receiving bore forming a pressurized displacement space.
- the piston forces impressed on the piston by the pressure in the displacement space lead to high pressures and loads in the ball joint connection.
- the piston is provided with a connecting bore which connects the displacement space of the piston with the spherical gap between the ball and the spherical recess of the ball joint connection, so that the pressure of the displacement space is conducted into the spherical gap of the ball joint connection.
- a hydrostatic relief pressure field with a hydrostatic relief force that compensates for the piston forces therefore builds up in the spherical gap of the ball joint connection.
- the ball and the dome-shaped recess are each ideally geometrically manufactured, i.e. the ball and the spherical recess are each formed with a spherical surface, the ball carries only in the pole or on the contact line between the bore tip of the connecting bore and the spherical recess, which is formed in the surface of the ball due to production.
- a generic axial piston machine in which a ball joint connection between the piston and the sliding block is provided, a spherical-shaped recess being provided in the sliding block and a ball head being provided on the piston.
- the present invention has for its object to provide an axial piston machine of the type mentioned, in which the ball joint connection can be made with little manufacturing effort and in which the inclination and thus the inclination of the piston to the longitudinal axis of the spherical recess has no influence on the degree of relief the normal piston force due to the hydrostatic relief.
- the dome-shaped recess is designed as a spherical recess with a recess radius and the ball is designed as a spherical cap with a spherical radius only in a contact area of the ball joint connection, which is arranged between the equator and the pole of the spherical recess, and the surface of the ball in the direction of the pole and the equator of the spherical recess is recessed with respect to the spherical cap, the ball being provided with reduced spherical radii and tangential transitions in the direction of the pole and the equator of the spherical recess.
- the dome-shaped recess is thus of ideal geometric design and has a spherical, spherical surface with a recess radius.
- Adapted shape of the ball In order to shift the contact line with which the ball is supported in the spherical recess and with which the ball carries in the direction of the equator of the spherical recess in order to achieve an enlarged hydrostatic relief pressure field and thus an increased hydrostatic relief of the piston forces, according to the invention Adapted shape of the ball.
- the contact line with which the ball is supported in the dome-shaped recess and with which the ball carries is shifted towards the equator of the dome-shaped recess by an adapted shape of the ball.
- the ball is designed as a spherical cap with a spherical radius only in the contact area of the ball joint connection, which is arranged between the equator and the pole of the spherical recess, and the surface of the ball is in the direction of the pole and the equator of the spherical recess with respect to the spherical recess withdrawn.
- the ball is thus of ideal geometric design only in the contact area and has a spherical, spherical surface with the ball radius only in the contact area.
- the ball is thus designed as a spherical layer with a spherical surface only in the contact area.
- the ball joint connection according to the invention In the direction of the pole and the equator of the spherical recess, the ball is withdrawn relative to the ideal geometric spherical shape.
- the ball joint connection according to the invention there is little manufacturing effort, since the dome-shaped recess, which is ideally designed as a spherical surface, is easy to manufacture and manufacture, and the displacement of the contact line can be produced by the special shape of the ball.
- the special shape of the ball can be produced and manufactured in a simple manner, for example by turning, which makes the ball joint connection according to the invention simple to manufacture with little production effort for the ball joint connection having.
- the hydrostatic relief pressure field is also symmetrical to the longitudinal axis of the piston.
- the piston tilts with its longitudinal axis to the longitudinal axis of the recess - which occurs in principle with an axial piston machine during operation of the axial piston machine - it is achieved that the inclination and thus the inclination of the piston to the longitudinal axis of the spherical recess has no influence on the degree of relief of the normal piston force by the has hydrostatic discharge.
- the ball is provided with reduced ball radii and tangential transitions in the direction of the pole and the equator of the spherical recess.
- the shape of the ball in the region of the pole and of the equator can be reduced in comparison to the ideally geometrical spherical shape which is formed in the contact region.
- the piston for hydrostatic relief of the ball joint connection is expediently provided with a connecting bore which connects the displacement space, which is formed by the receiving bore of the cylinder drum and the piston which can be displaced longitudinally therein, to the ball joint connection.
- the pressure can be passed in a simple manner from the displacement space into the spherical gap of the ball joint connection in order to be able to build up a hydrostatic relief pressure field and a hydrostatic relief force in the ball joint connection.
- the axial piston machine according to the invention can be designed as a swash plate machine, the supporting element being designed as a sliding shoe.
- the ball can be arranged on the piston and the dome-shaped recess on the slide shoe.
- the ball can be arranged on the slide shoe and the spherical recess on the piston.
- the axial piston machine according to the invention can be designed as an inclined axis machine, the support element being designed as a drive flange.
- the ball is expediently arranged on the piston and the spherical recess on the drive flange.
- a hydrostatic axial piston machine 1 according to the invention is shown in a swash plate construction in a longitudinal section.
- the axial piston engine 1 has a cylinder drum 2 rotatably arranged about an axis of rotation D, which is provided with a plurality of receiving bores 3 arranged concentrically to the axis of rotation D, which are preferably formed by cylinder bores and in each of which a piston 4 is arranged to be longitudinally displaceable.
- the cylinder drum 2 is supported in the axial direction with an end face on a control surface 5 which is fixed to the housing and is formed on a disc-shaped control base 6 which is fastened in a rotationally fixed manner to a housing 7 or a corresponding housing cover 7a of the housing 7.
- the control base 6 is provided with kidney-shaped control recesses which form an inlet connection 8 and an outlet connection 9.
- the inlet connection 8 is connected to a channel 10 in the housing 7 or the housing cover 7a.
- a channel 11 formed in the housing 7 or the housing cover 7a is connected to the outlet connection 9.
- the receiving bores 3 are each provided on the end face of the cylinder drum 2 with a preferably kidney-shaped connecting channel 12, around the displacement spaces V formed by the pistons 4 and the receiving bores 3 when the To connect cylinder drum 2 alternately with the inlet connection 8 and the outlet connection 9 about the axis of rotation D.
- the cylindrical drum 2 is penetrated by a central bore which forms a recess 14 which is arranged concentrically to the axis of rotation D and through which a drive shaft 15 which is arranged concentrically to the axis of rotation D is guided through the cylinder drum 2.
- the drive shaft 15 is rotatably mounted in the housing 7 by means of bearings 16, 17.
- the cylinder drum 2 is connected to the drive shaft 15 in a rotationally synchronous but axially displaceable manner, for example by means of a toothing 18.
- a spring 19 arranged in the recess 14 serves to press the cylinder drum 2 against the control surface 5.
- the engine pistons 4 are supported in the area protruding from the cylinder drum 2 by means of a support element AE designed as a slide shoe 21 on the lifting-producing lifting disk 20, for example a swashplate, inclined to the axis of rotation D.
- the lifting disk 20 can be integrally formed or fastened on the housing 7, the axial piston engine 1 having a fixed displacement.
- the sliding shoes 21 are articulated to the respective piston 4 by means of a spherical joint connection KV.
- the ball joint connection KV is formed by a ball K and a hollow spherical, dome-shaped recess KA.
- the ball K is arranged on the support element AE formed by the slide shoe 21 and the spherical recess KA on the piston 4.
- each piston 4 is provided with a connecting bore VB, which connects the displacement space V of the piston 4 with the ball joint connection KV.
- the slide shoes 21 are operatively connected to a hold-down device 25 which prevents the slide shoes 21 and thus the piston 4 from being lifted off the lifting disk 20.
- a hydrostatic axial piston machine 100 according to the invention is shown in an oblique axis design in a longitudinal section.
- the axial piston machine 100 which is designed as an inclined-axis machine, has a housing 102 in which a drive shaft 104 provided with a drive flange 103 is rotatably mounted about an axis of rotation D1 by means of a bearing device 105.
- a cylinder drum 107 is arranged in the housing 102, which is rotatably arranged about an axis of rotation D2 and is provided with a plurality of receiving bores 109 arranged concentrically to the axis of rotation D2 of the cylinder drum 107, which are preferably formed by cylinder bores and in each of which a piston 110 is arranged to be longitudinally displaceable.
- the axis of rotation D1 of the drive shaft 104 intersects the axis of rotation D2 of the cylinder drum 107 at the intersection SP.
- the end face of the cylinder drum 107 rests on a control body 112 which is provided with a control surface 111 and is fastened in a rotationally fixed manner to the housing 102 or a corresponding housing cover 102a of the housing 102.
- kidney-shaped control recesses are formed for controlling the supply and discharge of pressure medium in the displacement spaces V formed by the receiving bores 109 and the pistons 110, which form an inlet connection 113 and an outlet connection 114 of the axial piston machine 100.
- the cylinder drum 107 is provided with a preferably kidney-shaped connecting channel 115 on each receiving bore 109.
- Axial piston machine 1 shown is designed as a constant machine with a constant displacement volume.
- the constant machine is the Inclination angle of the axis of rotation D2 of the cylinder drum 107 with respect to the axis of rotation D1 of the drive shaft 104 is fixed.
- the control body 112 it is also possible to design the control body 112 to be adjustable in inclination by means of an adjusting device, for example a swivel slide, as a result of which the axial piston engine 1 has a variable displacement volume.
- the cylinder drum 107 is supported on a support pin 120 which is articulated to the drive flange 103 by a ball joint, wherein a spring 121 is also supported on the support pin 120, which presses the cylinder drum 107 against the control body 112 provided with the control surface 111.
- the support pin 120 is arranged concentrically to the axis of rotation D2 of the cylinder drum 107 and is arranged in a corresponding receiving bore 122 of the cylinder drum 107.
- the pistons 110 are each articulated in the area protruding from the cylinder drum 107 on the support element AE designed as a drive flange 103.
- a ball-and-socket connection KV designed as a spherical joint is formed between the respective piston 110 and the drive flange 103.
- the ball joint connection KV is formed by a ball head 110a of the piston 110 provided with a ball K and a hollow spherical, dome-shaped recess KA in the end face of the drive flange 103 facing the cylinder drum 107, in which the piston 110 is fastened to the ball head 110a.
- each piston 110 is provided with a connecting bore VB, which connects the displacement space V of the piston 110 with the ball joint connection KV.
- a hold-down plate 135 is provided.
- the hold-down plate 135 is fastened to the drive flange 103 by means of screw connections 136.
- FIG. 3 A ball joint connection KV of an axial piston machine of the prior art is shown.
- a ball joint connection KV between a piston 110 and a drive flange 103 is shown as a support element AE of an inclined axis machine.
- the ball K arranged on the piston 110 In order to be able to insert the ball K arranged on the piston 110 into the dome-shaped recess KA of the drive flange 103, it is necessary for the ball K to be produced with a smaller sphere radius R1 than the recess radius R2 of the dome-shaped recess KA.
- the ball K and the dome-shaped recess KA are each made ideally geometrically, ie the ball K and the dome-shaped recess KA are each formed with a spherical surface.
- the ball K only bears in the pole P or on the contact line KL between the bore tip of the connecting bore VB and the dome-shaped recess KA, which is formed in the surface of the ball K for production reasons.
- the spherical gap S in the ball-and-socket joint KV increases continuously, so that no significant hydrostatic relief pressure field for the hydrostatic relief of the piston forces in the ball-and-socket joint KV can be built up, and high leakage losses on the spherical Gap S of the ball joint connection KV result.
- FIG. 4 A ball joint connection KV of an axial piston machine according to the invention is shown.
- a ball joint connection KV between a piston 110 and a drive flange 103 is shown as a support element AE of an inclined axis machine. It is understood that the ball connection KV Figure 4 can also be used between a piston 4 and a slide shoe 21 as a support element AE of a swash plate machine.
- the dome-shaped recess KA is ideally manufactured and manufactured, ie the dome-shaped recess KA has a spherical, spherical surface with a recess radius R2.
- the contact line KL with which the ball K is supported in the dome-shaped recess KA and with which the ball K bears, is displaced in the direction of the equator AQ of the dome-shaped recess KA.
- the Figure 4 according to the invention adapted the shape of the ball K.
- the ball K is manufactured and manufactured in such a way that the ball K only in a contact area KB of the ball joint connection KV, in which the ball K is supported in the recess KA, i.e. In the area of the contact line KL, which is arranged between the equator AQ and the pole P of the spherical recess, is designed as a spherical cap KK with a spherical radius R1.
- the ball K is thus formed only in the contact area KB as a spherical disk with the surface of a spherical cap KK and is therefore ideally geometrically formed only in the contact area KB, i.e. formed with a spherical surface.
- the shape of the ball K is reduced compared to the shape of the spherical cap KK, which is formed by the ball radius R1.
- the ball K is provided in the direction of the pole P and the equator AQ of the spherical recess KA with spherical radii R3, R4 which are reduced compared to the spherical radius R1 and which have tangential transitions to the spherical cap KK.
- the hydrostatic relief pressure field DF is - as in FIG Figure 5a is shown - arranged symmetrically to the longitudinal axis L2 of the piston 110. If the piston 110 with its Longitudinal axis L2 inclines to the longitudinal axis L1 of the recess KA - as in the Figure 5b it is achieved that the inclination and thus the inclination angle ⁇ of the piston 110 to the longitudinal axis L1 of the dome-shaped recess KA has no influence on the degree of relief of the piston normal force FK due to the resulting hydrostatic relief force HE of the relief pressure field DF. In the ball joint KV according to the invention Figures 4 .
- the inclination and thus the inclination of the piston 110 to the longitudinal axis L1 of the spherical recess KA therefore has no influence on the degree of relief of the normal piston force FK due to the hydrostatic relief of the ball joint connection KV.
- the pressure in the ball joint connection KV is reduced, so that there is reduced friction, reduced wear and reduced losses.
- the power density of the axial piston machine 1, 110 provided with the ball joint connection KV according to the invention can be increased by reducing the diameter of the ball joint connection KV with the same diameter of the pistons 4, 110.
- dome-shaped recess KA is ideally designed as a spherical recess and can be produced and manufactured in a simple manner.
- the ball K with the adapted shape in order to produce the contact line KL shifted to the equator AQ of the recess KA can likewise be produced and manufactured in a simple manner and with little production outlay by simple external machining, for example by turning, so that the invention Ball joint connection KV has a simple manufacture with little manufacturing effort and little manufacturing effort.
- the axial piston machine 1, 100 according to the invention can be designed as a pump or as a motor.
- the axial piston machine 1 can be designed as a constant machine with a constant displacer volume or as an adjusting machine with a variable displacer volume.
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine hydrostatische Axialkolbenmaschine mit mindestens einem in einer Aufnahmebohrung einer Zylindertrommel längsverschiebbaren Kolben, wobei der Kolben mittels einer von einer Kugel und einer kalottenförmigen Ausnehmung gebildeten Kugelgelenkverbindung an einem Abstützelement gelenkig befestigt ist, wobei zwischen dem Kolben und dem Abstützelement eine hydrostatische Entlastung ausgebildet ist.The invention relates to a hydrostatic axial piston machine with at least one piston which is longitudinally displaceable in a receiving bore of a cylinder drum, the piston being articulated to a support element by means of a ball joint connection formed by a ball and a dome-shaped recess, a hydrostatic relief being formed between the piston and the support element ,
Bekannte hydrostatische Axialkolbenmaschinen verwenden zwischen einem Kolben und einem Abstützelement und somit zwischen den leistungswandelnden Bauteilen Kugelgelenkverbindungen. Bei einer als Schrägscheibenmaschine ausgebildeten Axialkolbenmaschine werden derartige Kugelgelenkverbindungen zwischen dem Kolben und einem Gleitschuh als Abstützelement verwendet. Bei einer als Schrägachsenmaschine ausgebildeten Axialkolbenmaschine werden derartige Kugelgelenkverbindungen zwischen dem Kolben und einem Triebflansch als Abstützelement verwendet.Known hydrostatic axial piston machines use ball joint connections between a piston and a support element and thus between the power-converting components. In an axial piston machine designed as a swash plate machine, such ball joint connections between the piston and a sliding block are used as a supporting element. In an axial piston machine designed as an inclined axis machine, such ball joint connections between the piston and a drive flange are used as a supporting element.
Der Kolben ist hierbei in einer Aufnahmebohrung der Zylindertrommel der Axialkolbenmaschine längsverschiebbar angeordnet, wobei der Kolben und die Aufnahmebohrung einen druckbeaufschlagten Verdrängerraum bilden. Die durch den Druck im Verdrängerraum an dem Kolben aufgeprägten Kolbenkräfte führen zu hohen Pressungen und Belastungen in der Kugelgelenkverbindung. Um diese Belastungen zu kompensieren, ist es bekannt, zwischen dem Kolben und dem Abstützelement in der Kugelgelenkverbindung eine hydrostatische Entlastung vorzusehen. Hierzu wird der Kolben mit einer Verbindungsbohrung versehen, die den Verdrängerraum des Kolbens mit dem sphärischen Spalt zwischen der Kugel und der kalottenförmigen Ausnehmung der Kugelgelenkverbindung verbindet, so dass der Druck des Verdrängerraums in den sphärischen Spalt der Kugelgelenkverbindung geleitet wird. In dem sphärischen Spalt der Kugelgelenkverbindung baut sich daher ein hydrostatisches Entlastungsdruckfeld mit einer hydrostatischen Entlastungskraft auf, das die Kolbenkräfte kompensiert.The piston is arranged longitudinally displaceably in a receiving bore of the cylinder drum of the axial piston machine, the piston and the receiving bore forming a pressurized displacement space. The piston forces impressed on the piston by the pressure in the displacement space lead to high pressures and loads in the ball joint connection. In order to compensate for these loads, it is known to provide a hydrostatic relief between the piston and the support element in the ball joint connection. For this purpose, the piston is provided with a connecting bore which connects the displacement space of the piston with the spherical gap between the ball and the spherical recess of the ball joint connection, so that the pressure of the displacement space is conducted into the spherical gap of the ball joint connection. A hydrostatic relief pressure field with a hydrostatic relief force that compensates for the piston forces therefore builds up in the spherical gap of the ball joint connection.
Um die Kugel in die kalottenförmige Ausnehmung stecken zu können, ist es erforderlich, dass die Kugel mit einem kleineren Kugelradius hergestellt wird wie der Ausnehmungsradius der kalottenförmigen Ausnehmung. Sofern hierbei die Kugel und die kalottenförmige Ausnehmung jeweils idealgeometrisch hergestellt sind, d.h. die Kugel und die kalottenförmige Ausnehmung jeweils mit einer kugelförmigen Oberfläche ausgebildet sind, trägt die Kugel nur im Pol bzw. auf der Kontaktlinie zwischen der Bohrungsspitze der Verbindungsbohrung und der kalottenförmige Ausnehmung, die fertigungsbedingt in der Oberfläche der Kugel ausgebildet ist. Ausgehend von dem tragenden Pol bzw. der tragenden Kontaktlinie vergrößert sich der sphärische Spalt in der Kugelgelenkverbindung stetig, so dass kein nennenswertes hydrostatisches Entlastungsdruckfeld für die hydrostatische Entlastung der Kolbenkräfte in der Kugelgelenkverbindung aufgebaut werden kann und sich hohe Leckageverluste an dem sphärischen Spalt der Kugelgelenkverbindung ergeben. Bei einer idealgeometrisch hergestellten Kugel und kalottenförmige Ausnehmung ergibt sich somit eine geringe hydrostatische Entlastung der Kolbenkräfte, die zu hohen Pressungen an der tragenden Kontaktlinie zwischen der Kugel und der kalottenförmigen Ausnehmung führt, woraus eine hohe Reibung in der Kugelgelenkverbindung, ein hoher Verschleiß der Kugelgelenkverbindung und hohe Verluste der Axialkolbenmaschine resultieren.In order to be able to insert the ball into the dome-shaped recess, it is necessary for the ball to be produced with a smaller sphere radius than the recess radius of the dome-shaped recess. Provided that the ball and the dome-shaped recess are each ideally geometrically manufactured, i.e. the ball and the spherical recess are each formed with a spherical surface, the ball carries only in the pole or on the contact line between the bore tip of the connecting bore and the spherical recess, which is formed in the surface of the ball due to production. Starting from the load bearing pole or the load bearing contact line, the spherical gap in the ball joint connection increases steadily, so that no significant hydrostatic relief pressure field can be built up for the hydrostatic relief of the piston forces in the ball joint connection and there are high leakage losses in the spherical gap of the ball joint connection. In the case of an ideally geometrically produced ball and dome-shaped recess, this results in a slight hydrostatic relief of the piston forces, which leads to high pressures on the load-bearing contact line between the ball and the dome-shaped recess, which results in high friction in the ball joint connection, high wear of the ball joint connection and high Losses of the axial piston machine result.
Um ein vergrößertes hydrostatisches Entlastungsdruckfeld und somit eine vergrößerte hydrostatische Entlastung der Kolbenkräfte zu erzielen, ist es bereits bekannt, die Kontaktlinie, mit der die Kugel in der kalottenförmigen Ausnehmung abgestützt ist und mit der die Kugel trägt, in Richtung zum Äquator der kalottenförmigen Ausnehmung zu verschieben und hierzu die Form der kalottenförmigen Ausnehmung entsprechend anzupassen, indem die Ausnehmungsradien der kalottenförmigen Ausnehmung zur Längsachse der kalottenförmigen Ausnehmung seitlich versetzt sind. Die Herstellung und Fertigung einer derartigen kalottenförmigen Ausnehmung kann auf einer Drehmaschine erfolgen, wenn der seitlich verschobene Ausnehmungsradius relativ zu der Längsachse und somit der Mittelachse der kalottenförmigen Ausnehmung rotiert wird. Mit einer derartigen in der Form angepassten kalottenförmigen Ausnehmung kann ein vergrößertes hydrostatisches Entlastungsdruckfeld und somit eine vergrößerte hydrostatische Entlastung der Kolbenkräfte erzielt werden sowie die leckagebedingten Verluste verringert werden können. Die Herstellung und Fertigung der Oberfläche einer derartigen kalottenförmigen Ausnehmung ist jedoch aufwändig und schwierig, so dass sich eine aufwändige Herstellung und ein hoher Herstellaufwand der Kugelgelenkverbindung ergibt. Zudem ist bei einer derartigen kalottenförmigen Ausnehmung das sich aufbauende hydrostatische Entlastungsdruckfeld der hydrostatischen Entlastung fixiert. Sofern sich der Kolben mit seiner Längsachse zur Längsachse der Ausnehmung neigt - was im Betrieb der Axialkolbenmaschine prinzipbedingt auftritt - wandert die aus dem Druck im Verdrängerraum herrührende Kolbennormalkraft mit zunehmendem Neigungswinkel aus der Richtung der hydrostatischen Entlastungskraft des Entlastungsdruckfeldes, wodurch sich die prozentuale Entlastung der Kolbennormalkräfte durch die hydrostatische Entlastungskraft verringert. Bei einer derartigen kalottenförmigen Ausnehmung hat somit die Neigung und somit die Schiefstellung des Kolbens zur Längsachse der kalottenförmigen Ausnehmung einen Einfluss auf den Entlastungsgrad der Kolbennormalkraft durch die hydrostatische Entlastung.In order to achieve an enlarged hydrostatic relief pressure field and thus an increased hydrostatic relief of the piston forces, it is already known to shift the contact line with which the ball is supported in the spherical recess and with which the ball carries in the direction of the equator of the spherical recess and to adapt the shape of the dome-shaped recess accordingly, in that the recess radii of the dome-shaped recess are laterally offset from the longitudinal axis of the dome-shaped recess. Such a dome-shaped recess can be manufactured and manufactured on a lathe if the laterally displaced recess radius is rotated relative to the longitudinal axis and thus the central axis of the dome-shaped recess. With such a dome-shaped recess adapted in shape, an enlarged hydrostatic relief pressure field and thus an increased hydrostatic relief of the piston forces can be achieved and the leakage-related losses can be reduced. However, the manufacture and manufacture of the surface of such a dome-shaped recess is complex and difficult, so that there is a complex manufacture and a high manufacturing cost of the ball joint connection. In addition, with such a dome-shaped recess, the hydrostatic relief pressure field of the hydrostatic relief that builds up is fixed. If the piston tilts with its longitudinal axis to the longitudinal axis of the recess - which occurs during operation of the axial piston machine in principle - the normal piston force resulting from the pressure in the displacement chamber moves with increasing angle of inclination from the direction of the hydrostatic relief force of the relief pressure field, which means that the percentage relief of the normal piston forces is reduced the hydrostatic relief force is reduced. With such a dome-shaped recess, the inclination and thus the inclination of the piston to the longitudinal axis of the dome-shaped recess has an influence on the degree of relief of the piston normal force by the hydrostatic relief.
Aus der
Die
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Axialkolbenmaschine der eingangs genannten Gattung zur Verfügung zu stellen, bei der die Kugelgelenkverbindung mit geringem Herstellaufwand hergestellt werden kann und bei der die Neigung und somit die Schiefstellung des Kolbens zur Längsachse der kalottenförmigen Ausnehmung keinen Einfluss auf den Entlastungsgrad der Kolbennormalkraft durch die hydrostatische Entlastung hat.The present invention has for its object to provide an axial piston machine of the type mentioned, in which the ball joint connection can be made with little manufacturing effort and in which the inclination and thus the inclination of the piston to the longitudinal axis of the spherical recess has no influence on the degree of relief the normal piston force due to the hydrostatic relief.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, dass die kalottenförmige Ausnehmung als sphärische Ausnehmung mit einem Ausnehmungsradius ausgebildet ist und die Kugel lediglich in einem Kontaktbereich der Kugelgelenkverbindung, der zwischen dem Äquator und dem Pol der sphärischen Ausnehmung angeordnet ist, als Kugelkalotte mit einem Kugelradius ausgebildet ist und die Oberfläche der Kugel in Richtung des Pols und des Äquators der sphärischen Ausnehmung gegenüber der Kugelkalotte zurückgenommen ist, wobei die Kugel in Richtung des Pols und des Äquators der sphärischen Ausnehmung mit reduzierten Kugelradien und tangentialen Übergängen versehen ist. Erfindungsgemäß ist somit die kalottenförmige Ausnehmung idealgeometrisch ausgeführt und weist eine kugelförmige, sphärische Oberfläche mit einem Ausnehmungsradius auf. Um die Kontaktlinie, mit der die Kugel in der kalottenförmigen Ausnehmung abgestützt ist und mit der die Kugel trägt, in Richtung zum Äquator der kalottenförmigen Ausnehmung zu verschieben, um ein vergrößertes hydrostatisches Entlastungsdruckfeld und somit eine vergrößerte hydrostatische Entlastung der Kolbenkräfte zu erzielen, wird erfindungsgemäß die Form der Kugel angepasst. Erfindungsgemäß wird somit durch eine angepasste Form der Kugel die Kontaktlinie, mit der die Kugel in der kalottenförmigen Ausnehmung abgestützt ist und mit der die Kugel trägt, in Richtung zum Äquator der kalottenförmigen Ausnehmung verschoben. Die Kugel ist hierzu erfindungsgemäß lediglich in dem Kontaktbereich der Kugelgelenkverbindung, der zwischen dem Äquator und dem Pol der sphärischen Ausnehmung angeordnet ist, als Kugelkalotte mit einem Kugelradius ausgebildet und die Oberfläche der Kugel ist in Richtung des Pols und des Äquators der sphärischen Ausnehmung gegenüber der Kugelkalotte zurückgenommen. Die Kugel ist somit nur in dem Kontaktbereich idealgeometrisch ausgeführt und weist nur in dem Kontaktbereich eine kugelförmige, sphärische Oberfläche mit dem Kugelradius auf. Die Kugel ist somit nur in dem Kontaktbereich als Kugelschicht mit einer kugelförmigen Oberfläche ausgeführt. In Richtung zu dem Pol und zu dem Äquator der sphärischen Ausnehmung ist die Kugel relativ zu der idealgeometrischen Kugelform zurückgenommen. Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Kugelgelenkverbindung ergibt sich ein geringer Herstellaufwand, da die kalottenförmige Ausnehmung, die idealgeometrisch als Kugelfläche ausgeführt ist, einfach herzustellen und zu fertigen ist, und die Verschiebung der Kontaktlinie durch die spezielle Form der Kugel hergestellt werden kann. Die spezielle Form der Kugel kann hierbei auf einfache Weise hergestellt und gefertigt werden, beispielsweise durch eine Drehbearbeitung, wodurch die erfindungsgemäße Kugelgelenkverbindung eine einfache Herstellung mit geringem Herstellaufwand der Kugelgelenkverbindung aufweist. Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Kugelgelenkverbindung ist das hydrostatische Entlastungsdruckfeld zudem symmetrisch zur Längsachse des Kolbens. Sofern sich der Kolben mit seiner Längsachse zur Längsachse der Ausnehmung neigt - was bei Axialkolbenmaschine im Betrieb der Axialkolbenmaschine prinzipbedingt auftritt - wird hierdurch erzielt, dass die Neigung und somit die Schiefstellung des Kolbens zur Längsachse der kalottenförmigen Ausnehmung keinen Einfluss auf den Entlastungsgrad der Kolbennormalkraft durch die hydrostatische Entlastung hat.This object is achieved in that the dome-shaped recess is designed as a spherical recess with a recess radius and the ball is designed as a spherical cap with a spherical radius only in a contact area of the ball joint connection, which is arranged between the equator and the pole of the spherical recess, and the surface of the ball in the direction of the pole and the equator of the spherical recess is recessed with respect to the spherical cap, the ball being provided with reduced spherical radii and tangential transitions in the direction of the pole and the equator of the spherical recess. According to the invention, the dome-shaped recess is thus of ideal geometric design and has a spherical, spherical surface with a recess radius. In order to shift the contact line with which the ball is supported in the spherical recess and with which the ball carries in the direction of the equator of the spherical recess in order to achieve an enlarged hydrostatic relief pressure field and thus an increased hydrostatic relief of the piston forces, according to the invention Adapted shape of the ball. According to the invention, the contact line with which the ball is supported in the dome-shaped recess and with which the ball carries is shifted towards the equator of the dome-shaped recess by an adapted shape of the ball. For this purpose, according to the invention, the ball is designed as a spherical cap with a spherical radius only in the contact area of the ball joint connection, which is arranged between the equator and the pole of the spherical recess, and the surface of the ball is in the direction of the pole and the equator of the spherical recess with respect to the spherical recess withdrawn. The ball is thus of ideal geometric design only in the contact area and has a spherical, spherical surface with the ball radius only in the contact area. The ball is thus designed as a spherical layer with a spherical surface only in the contact area. In the direction of the pole and the equator of the spherical recess, the ball is withdrawn relative to the ideal geometric spherical shape. With the ball joint connection according to the invention, there is little manufacturing effort, since the dome-shaped recess, which is ideally designed as a spherical surface, is easy to manufacture and manufacture, and the displacement of the contact line can be produced by the special shape of the ball. The special shape of the ball can be produced and manufactured in a simple manner, for example by turning, which makes the ball joint connection according to the invention simple to manufacture with little production effort for the ball joint connection having. In the ball joint connection according to the invention, the hydrostatic relief pressure field is also symmetrical to the longitudinal axis of the piston. If the piston tilts with its longitudinal axis to the longitudinal axis of the recess - which occurs in principle with an axial piston machine during operation of the axial piston machine - it is achieved that the inclination and thus the inclination of the piston to the longitudinal axis of the spherical recess has no influence on the degree of relief of the normal piston force by the has hydrostatic discharge.
Erfindungsgemäß ist die Kugel in Richtung des Pols und des Äquators der sphärischen Ausnehmung mit reduzierten Kugelradien und tangentialen Übergängen versehen. Hierdurch kann auf einfache Weise die Form der Kugel im Bereich des Pols und des Äquators gegenüber der idealgeometrischen Kugelform, die in dem Kontaktbereich ausgebildet ist, zurückgenommen werden.According to the invention, the ball is provided with reduced ball radii and tangential transitions in the direction of the pole and the equator of the spherical recess. As a result, the shape of the ball in the region of the pole and of the equator can be reduced in comparison to the ideally geometrical spherical shape which is formed in the contact region.
Zweckmäßigerweise ist der Kolben zur hydrostatischen Entlastung der Kugelgelenkverbindung mit einer Verbindungsbohrung versehen, die den Verdrängerraum, der von der Aufnahmebohrung der Zylindertrommel und dem darin längsverschiebbaren Kolben gebildet ist, mit der Kugelgelenkverbindung verbindet. Hierdurch kann auf einfache Weise der Druck aus dem Verdrängerraum in den sphärischen Spalt der Kugelgelenkverbindung geleitet werden, um ein hydrostatisches Entlastungsdruckfeld und eine hydrostatische Entlastungskraft in der Kugelgelenkverbindung aufbauen zu können.The piston for hydrostatic relief of the ball joint connection is expediently provided with a connecting bore which connects the displacement space, which is formed by the receiving bore of the cylinder drum and the piston which can be displaced longitudinally therein, to the ball joint connection. As a result, the pressure can be passed in a simple manner from the displacement space into the spherical gap of the ball joint connection in order to be able to build up a hydrostatic relief pressure field and a hydrostatic relief force in the ball joint connection.
Die erfindungsgemäße Axialkolbenmaschine kann gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltungsform der Erfindung als Schrägscheibenmaschine ausgebildet sein, wobei das Abstützelement als Gleitschuh ausgebildet ist.According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the axial piston machine according to the invention can be designed as a swash plate machine, the supporting element being designed as a sliding shoe.
Hierbei kann die Kugel an dem Kolben und die kalottenförmige Ausnehmung an dem Gleitschuh angeordnet sein.The ball can be arranged on the piston and the dome-shaped recess on the slide shoe.
Alternativ kann die Kugel an dem Gleitschuh und die kalottenförmige Ausnehmung an dem Kolben angeordnet ist.Alternatively, the ball can be arranged on the slide shoe and the spherical recess on the piston.
Die erfindungsgemäße Axialkolbenmaschine kann gemäß einer alternativen und ebenfalls vorteilhaften Ausgestaltungsform der Erfindung als Schrägachsenmaschine ausgebildet ist, wobei das Abstützelement als Triebflansch ausgebildet ist.According to an alternative and likewise advantageous embodiment of the invention, the axial piston machine according to the invention can be designed as an inclined axis machine, the support element being designed as a drive flange.
Die Kugel ist hierbei zweckmäßigerweise an dem Kolben und die kalottenförmige Ausnehmung an dem Triebflansch angeordnet.The ball is expediently arranged on the piston and the spherical recess on the drive flange.
Weitere Vorteile und Einzelheiten der Erfindung werden anhand des in den schematischen Figuren dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert. Hierbei zeigt
- Figur 1
- eine erste Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen hydrostatischen Axialkolbenmaschine in einem Längsschnitt,
Figur 2- eine zweite Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen hydrostatischen Axialkolbenmaschine in einem Längsschnitt,
Figur 3- eine Kugelgelenkverbindung einer Axialkolbenmaschine des Standes der Technik,
Figur 4- eine Kugelgelenkverbindung der erfindungsgemäßen Axialkolbenmaschine,
- Figur 5a
- die Kugelgelenkverbindung der
mit der Kolbennormalkraft und der hydrostatischen Entlastungskraft bei nicht geneigtem Kolben undFigur 4 - Figur 5b
- die Kugelgelenkverbindung der
mit der Kolbennormalkraft und der hydrostatischen Entlastungskraft bei geneigtem Kolben.Figur 4
- Figure 1
- 1 shows a first embodiment of a hydrostatic axial piston machine according to the invention in a longitudinal section,
- Figure 2
- 2 shows a second embodiment of a hydrostatic axial piston machine according to the invention in a longitudinal section,
- Figure 3
- a ball joint connection of an axial piston machine of the prior art,
- Figure 4
- a ball joint connection of the axial piston machine according to the invention,
- Figure 5a
- the ball joint connection of the
Figure 4 with the normal piston force and the hydrostatic relief force when the piston is not inclined and - Figure 5b
- the ball joint connection of the
Figure 4 with the normal piston force and the hydrostatic relief force when the piston is tilted.
In der
Das Axialkolbentriebwerk 1 weist eine um eine Drehachse D drehbar angeordnete Zylindertrommel 2 auf, die mit mehreren konzentrisch zur Drehachse D angeordneten Aufnahmebohrung 3 versehen ist, die bevorzugt von Zylinderbohrungen gebildet sind und in denen jeweils ein Kolben 4 längsverschiebbar angeordnet ist.The axial piston engine 1 has a
Die Zylindertrommel 2 stützt sich in axialer Richtung mit einer Stirnfläche an einer gehäusefesten Steuerfläche 5 ab, die an einem scheibenförmigen Steuerboden 6 ausgebildet ist, der an einem Gehäuse 7 oder einem entsprechenden Gehäusedeckel 7a des Gehäuses 7 drehfest befestigt ist. Der Steuerboden 6 ist zur Steuerung der Zu- und Abfuhr von Druckmittel in den von den Aufnahmebohrungen 3 und den Kolben 4 gebildeten Verdrängerräumen V mit nierenförmigen Steuerausnehmungen versehen, die einen Einlassanschluss 8 und einen Auslassanschluss 9 bilden. Der Einlassanschluss 8 steht mit einem Kanal 10 im Gehäuse 7 bzw. dem Gehäusedeckel 7a in Verbindung. An den Auslassanschluss 9 ist ein im Gehäuse 7 bzw. dem Gehäusedeckel 7a ausgebildeter Kanal 11 angeschlossen. Die Aufnahmebohrungen 3 sind an der Stirnseite der Zylindertrommel 2 mit jeweils einem bevorzugt nierenförmigen Verbindungskanal 12 versehen, um die von den Kolben 4 und den Aufnahmebohrungen 3 gebildeten Verdrängerräume V bei einer Rotation der Zylindertrommel 2 um die Drehachse D abwechselnd mit dem Einlassanschluss 8 und dem Auslassanschluss 9 zu verbinden.The
Die Zylindertrommel 2 ist von einer zentrischen Bohrung durchsetzt, die eine konzentrisch zur Drehachse D angeordnete Ausnehmung 14 bildet, durch die eine konzentrisch zur Drehachse D angeordnete Triebwelle 15 durch die Zylindertrommel 2 geführt ist. Die Triebwelle 15 ist mittels Lagerungen 16, 17 im Gehäuse 7 drehbar gelagert. Die Zylindertrommel 2 ist mit der Triebwelle 15 drehsynchron, jedoch axial verschiebbar verbunden, beispielweise mittels einer Verzahnung 18. Eine in der Ausnehmung 14 angeordnete Feder 19 dient zur Anpressung der Zylindertrommel 2 an die Steuerfläche 5.The
Die Triebwerkskolben 4 stützen sich in dem aus dem Zylindertrommel 2 herauskragenden Bereich mittels jeweils eines als Gleitschuh 21 ausgebildeten Abstützelements AE auf der huberzeugenden, zur Drehachse D geneigt angeordneten Hubscheibe 20, beispielsweise einer Schrägscheibe, ab. Die Hubscheibe 20 kann an dem Gehäuse 7 angeformt oder befestigt sein, wobei das Axialkolbentriebwerk 1 ein festes Verdrängungsvolumen aufweist. Es ist jedoch ebenfalls möglich, die Hubscheibe 20 mittels einer Verstelleinrichtung, beispielsweise einer Schwenkwiege, in der Neigung verstellbar auszubilden, wodurch das Axialkolbentriebwerk 1 ein veränderbares Verdrängungsvolumen aufweist.The
Die Gleitschuhe 21 sind an dem jeweiligen Kolben 4 mittels einer als sphärisches Gelenk ausgebildeten Kugelgelenkverbindung KV gelenkig befestigt. Die Kugelgelenkverbindung KV ist von einer Kugel K und einer hohlkugelförmigen, kalottenförmigen Ausnehmung KA gebildet. Im dem Ausführungsbeispiel der
Zwischen dem Kolben 4 und dem Abstützelement AE ist eine hydrostatische Entlastung ausgebildet. Zur hydrostatischen Entlastung der Kugelgelenkverbindung KV ist jeder Kolben 4 mit einer Verbindungsbohrung VB versehen ist, die den Verdrängerraum V des Kolbens 4 mit der Kugelgelenkverbindung KV verbindet.A hydrostatic relief is formed between the
Die Gleitschuhe 21 stehen mit einer Niederhalteeinrichtung 25 in Wirkverbindung, die ein Abheben der Gleitschuhe 21 und somit der Kolben 4 von der Hubscheibe 20 verhindert.The slide shoes 21 are operatively connected to a hold-down
In der
Die als Schrägachsenmaschine ausgebildete Axialkolbenmaschine 100 weist eine Gehäuse 102 auf, in dem eine mit einem Triebflansch 103 versehene Triebwelle 104 mittels einer Lagereinrichtung 105 um eine Drehachse D1 drehbar gelagert ist.The
Axial benachbart zu dem Triebflansch 103 ist eine Zylindertrommel 107 in dem Gehäuse 102 angeordnet, die um eine Drehachse D2 drehbar angeordnet ist mit mehreren konzentrisch zu der Drehachse D2 der Zylindertrommel 107 angeordneten Aufnahmebohrungen 109 versehen ist, die bevorzugt von Zylinderbohrungen gebildet sind und in denen jeweils ein Kolben 110 längsverschiebbar angeordnet ist.Axially adjacent to the
Die Drehachse D1 der Triebwelle 104 schneidet die Drehachse D2 der Zylindertrommel 107 im Schnittpunkt SP.The axis of rotation D1 of the
Die Zylindertrommel 107 liegt mit einer Stirnfläche an einem mit einer Steuerfläche 111 versehenen Steuerkörper 112 an, der an dem Gehäuse 102 oder einem entsprechenden Gehäusedeckel 102a des Gehäuses 102 drehfest befestigt ist.The end face of the
In der Steuerfläche 111 des Steuerkörpers 112 sind zur Steuerung der Zu- und Abfuhr von Druckmittel in den von den Aufnahmebohrungen 109 und den Kolben 110 gebildeten Verdrängerräumen V nierenförmige Steuerausnehmungen ausgebildet, die einen Einlassanschluss 113 und einen Auslassanschluss 114 der Axialkolbenmaschine 100 bilden. Zur Verbindung der von den Aufnahmebohrungen 109 und den Kolben 110 gebildeten Verdrängerräumen V mit den in dem Steuerkörper 112 angeordneten Steuerausnehmungen ist die Zylindertrommel 107 an jeder Aufnahmebohrung 109 mit einem bevorzugt nierenförmigen Verbindungskanal 115 versehen.In the control surface 111 of the
Die in der
Die Zylindertrommel 107 ist an einem mit dem Triebflansch 103 durch ein Kugelgelenk gelenkig verbundenen Tragzapfen 120 abgestützt, wobei an dem Tragzapfen 120 weiterhin eine Feder 121 abgestützt ist, die die Zylindertrommel 107 an den mit der Steuerfläche 111 versehenen Steuerkörper 112 anpresst. Der Tragzapfen 120 ist konzentrisch zur Drehachse D2 der Zylindertrommel 107 angeordnet und in einer entsprechenden Aufnahmebohrung 122 der Zylindertrommel 107 angeordnet.The
Die Kolben 110 sind in dem aus der Zylindertrommel 107 herauskragenden Bereich jeweils an dem als Triebflansch 103 ausgebildeten Abstützelement AE gelenkig befestigt. Hierzu ist zwischen dem jeweiligen Kolben 110 und dem Triebflansch 103 jeweils eine als sphärisches Gelenk ausgebildete Kugelgelenkverbindung KV ausgebildet. Die Kugelgelenkverbindung KV ist von einem mit einer Kugel K versehenen Kugelkopf 110a des Kolbens 110 und einer hohlkugelförmigen, kalottenförmigen Ausnehmung KA in der der Zylindertrommel 107 zugewandten Stirnfläche des Triebflansch 103 gebildet, in der der Kolben 110 mit dem Kugelkopf 110a befestigt ist.The
Zwischen dem Kolben 110 und dem Abstützelement AE ist eine hydrostatische Entlastung ausgebildet. Zur hydrostatischen Entlastung der Kugelgelenkverbindung KV ist jeder Kolben 110 mit einer Verbindungsbohrung VB versehen ist, die den Verdrängerraum V des Kolbens 110 mit der Kugelgelenkverbindung KV verbindet.A hydrostatic relief is formed between the
Um bei der Axialkolbenmaschine 1 der
In der
Um die an dem Kolben 110 angeordnete Kugel K in die kalottenförmigen Ausnehmung KA des Triebflansches 103 stecken zu können, ist es erforderlich, dass die Kugel K mit einem kleineren Kugelradius R1 hergestellt wird wie der Ausnehmungsradius R2 der kalottenförmigen Ausnehmung KA. In der
In der
Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Kugelgelenkverbindung KV ist die kalottenförmige Ausnehmung KA idealgeometrisch hergestellt und gefertigt, d.h. die kalottenförmige Ausnehmung KA weist eine kugelförmige, sphärische Oberfläche mit einem Ausnehmungsradius R2 auf. Um ein - im Vergleich zu der
Die Kugel K ist derart gefertigt und hergestellt, dass die Kugel K lediglich in einem Kontaktbereich KB der Kugelgelenkverbindung KV, in dem sich die Kugel K in der Ausnehmung KA abstützt, d.h. im Bereich der Kontaktlinie KL, der zwischen dem Äquator AQ und dem Pol P der sphärischen Ausnehmung angeordnet ist, als Kugelkalotte KK mit einem Kugelradius R1 ausgebildet. Die Kugel K ist somit nur in dem Kontaktbereich KB als Kugelscheibe mit der Oberfläche einer Kugelkalotte KK ausgebildet und somit nur in dem Kontaktbereich KB idealgeometrisch ausgebildet, d.h. mit einer kugelförmigen Oberfläche ausgebildet. In Richtung des Pols P und des Äquators AQ der sphärischen Ausnehmung KA ist die Form der Kugel K gegenüber der Form der Kugelkalotte KK, die von dem Kugelradius R1 gebildet ist, zurückgenommen. Die Kugel K ist hierzu in Richtung des Pols P und des Äquators AQ der sphärischen Ausnehmung KA mit gegenüber dem Kugelradius R1 reduzierten Kugelradien R3, R4 versehen, die tangentiale Übergänge zu der Kugelkalotte KK aufweisen.The ball K is manufactured and manufactured in such a way that the ball K only in a contact area KB of the ball joint connection KV, in which the ball K is supported in the recess KA, i.e. In the area of the contact line KL, which is arranged between the equator AQ and the pole P of the spherical recess, is designed as a spherical cap KK with a spherical radius R1. The ball K is thus formed only in the contact area KB as a spherical disk with the surface of a spherical cap KK and is therefore ideally geometrically formed only in the contact area KB, i.e. formed with a spherical surface. In the direction of the pole P and the equator AQ of the spherical recess KA, the shape of the ball K is reduced compared to the shape of the spherical cap KK, which is formed by the ball radius R1. For this purpose, the ball K is provided in the direction of the pole P and the equator AQ of the spherical recess KA with spherical radii R3, R4 which are reduced compared to the spherical radius R1 and which have tangential transitions to the spherical cap KK.
Mit einer derartigen in der Form angepassten Kugel K kann - wie in der
Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Kugelgelenkverbindung KV ist das hydrostatische Entlastungsdruckfeld DF - wie in der
Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Kugelgelenkverbindung KV ist kalottenförmige Ausnehmung KA idealgeometrisch als sphärische Ausnehmung ausgebildet und kann auf einfache Weise hergestellt und gefertigt werden. Die Kugel K mit der angepassten Form, um die zum Äquator AQ der Ausnehmung KA verschobene Kontaktlinie KL zu erzeugen, kann ebenfalls auf einfache Weise und mit geringem Herstellaufwand durch eine einfache Außenbearbeitung, beispielsweise durch eine Drehbearbeitung, hergestellt und gefertigt werden, so dass die erfindungsgemäße Kugelgelenkverbindung KV eine einfache Herstellung mit geringem Herstellaufwand und geringem Fertigungsaufwand aufweist.In the spherical joint connection KV according to the invention, dome-shaped recess KA is ideally designed as a spherical recess and can be produced and manufactured in a simple manner. The ball K with the adapted shape in order to produce the contact line KL shifted to the equator AQ of the recess KA can likewise be produced and manufactured in a simple manner and with little production outlay by simple external machining, for example by turning, so that the invention Ball joint connection KV has a simple manufacture with little manufacturing effort and little manufacturing effort.
Die erfindungsgemäße Axialkolbenmaschine 1, 100 kann als Pumpe oder als Motor ausgebildet sein.The
Die erfindungsgemäße Axialkolbenmaschine 1 kann als Konstantmaschine mit einem konstanten Verdrängervolumen oder als Verstellmaschine mit einem veränderbaren Verdrängervolumen ausgebildet sein.The axial piston machine 1 according to the invention can be designed as a constant machine with a constant displacer volume or as an adjusting machine with a variable displacer volume.
Claims (7)
- Hydrostatic axial piston machine (1; 100) having at least one piston (4; 110) which can be displaced longitudinally in a receiving bore (3; 109) of a cylinder barrel (4; 110), wherein the piston (4; 110) is fastened to a supporting element (AE) in an articulated manner by means of a ball joint connection (KV) which is formed by a ball (K) and a spherical cap-shaped recess (KA), wherein a hydrostatic relief is configured between the piston (4; 110) and the supporting element (AE), characterized in that the spherical cap-shaped recess (KA) is configured as a spherical recess with a recess radius (R2), and the ball (K) is configured as a spherical cap (KK) with a ball radius (R1) merely in a contact region (KB) of the ball joint connection (KV), which contact region (KB) is arranged between the equator (AQ) and the pole (P) of the spherical recess (KA), and the surface of the ball (K) is recessed with respect to the spherical cap (KK) in the direction of the pole (P) and the equator (AQ) of the spherical recess (KA), wherein the ball (K) is provided with reduced ball radii (R3, R4) and tangential transitions in the direction of the pole (P) and the equator (AQ) of the spherical recess (KA).
- Hydrostatic axial piston machine according to Claim 1, characterized in that the piston (4; 110) is provided with a connecting bore (VB) for the hydrostatic relief of the ball joint connection (KV), which connecting bore (VB) connects the displacer space (V) which is formed by the receiving bore (3; 109) of the cylinder barrel (2; 107) and the piston (4; 110) which can be displaced longitudinally therein to the ball joint connection (KV) .
- Hydrostatic axial piston machine according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the axial piston machine (1) is configured as a swash plate machine, wherein the supporting element (AE) is configured as a slide shoe (21) .
- Hydrostatic axial piston machine according to Claim 3, characterized in that the ball (K) is arranged on the piston (4), and the spherical cap-shaped recess (KA) is arranged on the slide shoe (21).
- Hydrostatic axial piston machine according to Claim 3, characterized in that the ball (K) is arranged on the slide shoe (21), and the spherical cap-shaped recess (KA) is arranged on the piston (4).
- Hydrostatic axial piston machine according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the axial piston machine (100) is configured as a bent axis machine, wherein the supporting element (AE) is configured as a drive flange (103) .
- Hydrostatic axial piston machine according to Claim 6, characterized in that the ball (K) is arranged on the piston (110), and the spherical cap-shaped recess (KA) is arranged on the drive flange (103).
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DE102015121882.8A DE102015121882A1 (en) | 2015-11-19 | 2015-12-15 | Hydrostatic axial piston machine |
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EP3171021B1 true EP3171021B1 (en) | 2020-01-01 |
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JPS61118566A (en) * | 1984-11-14 | 1986-06-05 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Swash plate type hydraulic device |
GB9124717D0 (en) * | 1991-11-21 | 1992-01-15 | Fenner Co Ltd J H | Water pumps and motors |
US6705203B2 (en) * | 2001-11-28 | 2004-03-16 | Sauer-Danfoss Inc. | Extended male slipper servo pad arrangement for positioning swashplate and method assembling same |
DE102012108014A1 (en) * | 2012-08-30 | 2014-03-06 | Linde Hydraulics Gmbh & Co. Kg | Sliding shoe for hydrostatic axial piston machine, has central tube portion that is surrounded by cavity extending from the ball joint to pressure pocket |
DE102012110564A1 (en) * | 2012-11-05 | 2014-05-08 | Linde Hydraulics Gmbh & Co. Kg | Hydrostatic displacement machine has roller-shaped rolling element that is rotatably mounted in recess of piston by plain bearing and is passed through transverse recess which is widened at two end faces |
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2016
- 2016-10-24 EP EP16195300.5A patent/EP3171021B1/en active Active
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