EP3169440A1 - Feedback control method for the operation of a centrifuge - Google Patents

Feedback control method for the operation of a centrifuge

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Publication number
EP3169440A1
EP3169440A1 EP15735924.1A EP15735924A EP3169440A1 EP 3169440 A1 EP3169440 A1 EP 3169440A1 EP 15735924 A EP15735924 A EP 15735924A EP 3169440 A1 EP3169440 A1 EP 3169440A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
centrifuge
noise
noise level
measurement
manipulated variable
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP15735924.1A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3169440B1 (en
Inventor
Markus Fleuter
Wilfried Mackel
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GEA Mechanical Equipment GmbH
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GEA Mechanical Equipment GmbH
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
    • B04B11/00—Feeding, charging, or discharging bowls
    • B04B11/04—Periodical feeding or discharging; Control arrangements therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
    • B04B1/00—Centrifuges with rotary bowls provided with solid jackets for separating predominantly liquid mixtures with or without solid particles
    • B04B1/20—Centrifuges with rotary bowls provided with solid jackets for separating predominantly liquid mixtures with or without solid particles discharging solid particles from the bowl by a conveying screw coaxial with the bowl axis and rotating relatively to the bowl
    • B04B1/2016—Driving control or mechanisms; Arrangement of transmission gearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
    • B04B13/00—Control arrangements specially designed for centrifuges; Programme control of centrifuges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
    • B04B9/00—Drives specially designed for centrifuges; Arrangement or disposition of transmission gearing; Suspending or balancing rotary bowls
    • B04B9/10—Control of the drive; Speed regulating

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for controlling the operation of a centrifuge with a rotatable drum, in particular a separator or a decanter, in the centrifugal processing of a product, in particular in a clarification of a product and / or in a separation of a product into different liquid phases with the drum.
  • the noise level of the centrifuge is controlled by: a. at least one noise level limit is defined, b. during operation, i. during a rotation of the drum of the centrifuge, the noise of the centrifuge is measured with a sensor device, c. the data measured by the sensor device are forwarded to a control device, with which the measured data is compared with desired data and with which at least one manipulated variable is determined based on this comparison, and d. with the control device based on the at least one manipulated variable or with multiple manipulated variables so influence on the operation of the centrifuge is taken that the noise does not exceed the at least one noise level limit.
  • the current operation of the centrifuge is optimized in the centrifugal processing of a product, with no or only marginally error detection in the Rather, it focuses on minimizing the noise as a function of at least one or more predetermined limits.
  • the sound pressure level is referred to as a measure.
  • the A-weighted sound level for example, is modeled on the human ear in a frequency-dependent manner with correction factors so that the perceived volume can be simulated better. The calculation of the total sound pressure level then takes place
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a separator for the centrifugal processing of a product
  • Fig. 2a and b show two views of another separator for centrifugal
  • Figures 3a and b show two views of a decanter for centrifugal processing of a product.
  • Fig. 4a and b show two diagrams, which means a noise reduction
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a separator for the centrifugal processing of a product, in particular for clarifying a product of solids (or for concentrating such a phase) and / or for separating a product into different liquid phases.
  • the illustrated in Fig. 1 separator has a (here only schematically illustrated) rotatable drum 1 with preferably vertical axis of rotation, which has a (not shown here) drive spindle which is driven via a (not shown here) drive connection with a motor 2 , Liquids of different density and optionally solids can be passed out of the drum through one or more outlets 4, 5 and possibly solids discharge openings 6.
  • the discharge (s) 4 and 5 preferably controllable (and preferably throttled) valves are provided (not shown here).
  • the rotatable drum 1 and preferably the drive / motor 2 are mounted on a machine frame 13.
  • the machine frame 13 is in turn placed on a foundation 15 via one or more foot elements 14, which may have a spring or may be formed as such. In Fig. 2, this spring is shown as block 16.
  • FIG. 2 also shows a microphone 7 and, alternatively, a sensor 7 'for measuring directly on a hood of a separator.
  • the measured data are compared with desired data. Based on this comparison, at least one manipulated variable is determined.
  • the control device 8 is taken with the help of at least one manipulated variable (or more manipulated variables) so influence on the operation of the centrifuge that the controlled variable - the noise - is changed so that it assumes a desired behavior.
  • the inlet 3 and / or the discharge pressures in the processes 4, 5 and / or the emptying / emptying frequency via the outlet 6 of the drum first
  • the noise at emptying e.g. by means of a spool valve at discharge openings - with a smaller volume less than with solid discharges with a larger volume. But more frequent emptying are necessary to achieve the total intended emptying volume.
  • the Airborne sound is particularly preferably determined with the sensor device, which is transmitted through the centrifuge and surrounding machine parts and / or through a gas surrounding the drum.
  • the structure-borne noise could also be detected.
  • the preferred frequency band recorded for both airborne and structure-borne sound measurements is 50-12,000 Hz, preferably 50-8,000 Hz, very particularly preferably 50-5,000 Hz.
  • noise level limits I and II it is conceivable to define one or more upper noise level limits I and II, and to operate the machine in such a way that, depending on the time of day, one or the other of the limits is adhered to, for example in order to comply with noise regulations. which prescribe a quieter operation at night than during the day.
  • Controlled are preferably as manipulated variables or the discharge pressures, the volume flow to be processed, the emptying amount, the emptying frequency and the rotational speed of the drum. If z. B. a separator MSE 500 at 50 m 3 / h and 6 bar discharge pressure generates a sound pressure of 84 dB (A) (measured by way of example in 1 m distance), this delivers at operation with 35 m 3 / h and 4.5 bar discharge pressure a significantly reduced sound pressure of only 80 dB (A).
  • the regulation of the noise level is preferably supplemented by a control of further variables, for example a regulation of the turbidity with the aid of a turbidity measurement in the sequence for determining the separation efficiency.
  • the measurement of the noise level takes place at intervals which are less than or equal to 1 h, preferably less than or equal to 10 min, in particular less than or equal to 1 min. However, it is also conceivable to carry out the measurement less frequently, for example only if, after a predetermined time of day, a change in the noise level is desired.
  • the inventive method is suitable for operating a centrifuge, in particular a separator with a vertical axis of rotation in continuous operation, which has a separating means such as a separator disk package in the drum.
  • the centrifuge can be designed in another way, for example as a full-cup screw centrifuge, in particular with a horizontal axis of rotation (not shown here).
  • the distance of the sensor device to the centrifuge can be influenced whether more or less noise influences from the environment are included in the measurement.
  • the usual distance to the surface of 1 m is set, for example, less than 1 m, in particular less than 50 cm, more preferably less than 30 cm.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 using the example of a separator (FIG. 2) with a vertical axis of rotation with a structure-borne sound sensor 7 '(or transducer, in particular an electroacoustic transducer for structure-borne sound measurement) for measuring structure-borne noise at the oscillating system, here at one Drum surrounding hood 17, which is particularly well suited.
  • a separator FIG. 2
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 using the example of a separator (FIG. 2) with a vertical axis of rotation with a structure-borne sound sensor 7 '(or transducer, in particular an electroacoustic transducer for structure-borne sound measurement) for measuring structure-borne noise at the oscillating system, here at one Drum surrounding hood 17, which is particularly well suited.
  • a noise level limit I is respected or not possible or if only briefly exceeded.
  • a noise level limit I is set.
  • the structure-borne noise and / or the airborne sound is determined for measuring the noise of the centrifuge, here by means of preferably a microphone or more microphones 7 as a sensor device.
  • the noise level limit value I is not reached or undershot at nominal speed when starting up to a rated speed (operating times 1 to 2) and then during idling (ready for operation, operating times 2 to 3). Then, during operation of the centrifugal processing of the product (operating times 3 - 4), the noise level limit is reached and then exceeded.
  • control device 8 which also calculates a modified manipulated variable - here a changed speed. Thereafter (operating times 4 - 5), the control device 8 reduces the rotational speed (see also FIG. 1) until it again falls below the noise level limit value I.
  • This method can be used well for example in separators, in particular nozzle separators or decanters.
  • a noise level limit value I is to be respected, if possible not exceeded, or exceeded only briefly, but unlike in FIG. 4a it defines not as a peak value but as an average value of the noise level is.
  • the thus defined noise level limit / average I is set.
  • the structure-borne noise and / or the airborne sound is determined for measuring the noise of the centrifuge, again by means of preferably a microphone or a plurality of microphones 7 as a sensor device.
  • 4b shows the noise development on so-called self-draining separators, in which solids are emptied at intervals by a brief opening of solids discharge openings.
  • the regulating device advantageously uses as manipulated variables and simply uses the emptying amount at the outlet and the emptying frequency at the outlet 6 of the drum 1 of the separator, and possibly changes it.

Landscapes

  • Centrifugal Separators (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a feedback control method for the operation of a centrifuge comprising a rotatable drum (1), in particular a separator or a decanting centrifuge, for the centrifugal processing of a product, in particular for clarifying a product and/or for separating a product into different liquid phases using the drum (1). Said method is characterised in that during the feedback control of the operation of the centrifuge, the noise emissions of the centrifuge are taken into consideration.

Description

Verfahren zum Regeln des Betriebs einer Zentrifuge  Method for controlling the operation of a centrifuge
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Regeln des Betriebs einer Zentrifuge mit einer drehbaren Trommel, insbesondere eines Separators oder eines Dekanters, bei der zentrifugalen Verarbeitung eines Produktes, insbesondere bei einem Klären ei- nes Produktes und/oder bei einem Trennen eines Produktes in verschiedene Flüssigkeitsphasen mit der Trommel. The invention relates to a method for controlling the operation of a centrifuge with a rotatable drum, in particular a separator or a decanter, in the centrifugal processing of a product, in particular in a clarification of a product and / or in a separation of a product into different liquid phases with the drum.
Derartige Verfahren sind aus dem Stand der Technik an sich bekannt, so aus der DE 100 24 412 A1 oder der WO 97/20634. Aus der DE 40 04 584 A1 ist es bekannt, bei der Regelung des Trennvorganges zur Optimierung des Trennvorganges die Ge- räuschentwicklung der Zentrifuge auszuwerten. Such methods are known per se from the prior art, for example from DE 100 24 412 A1 or WO 97/20634. From DE 40 04 584 A1 it is known to evaluate the noise development of the centrifuge in the regulation of the separation process to optimize the separation process.
Gegenüber diesem Stand der Technik soll ein weiteres Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Zentrifuge geschaffen werden, welches gegenüber dem Stand der Technik optimierte Betriebsweisen ermöglicht. Compared to this prior art, another method for operating a centrifuge is to be created, which allows over the prior art optimized modes.
Die Erfindung erreicht dieses Ziel durch den Gegenstand des Anspruchs 1 . Danach wird bei der Regelung des Betriebs der Zentrifuge die Geräuschentwicklung der Zentrifuge geregelt, indem a. wenigstens eine Geräuschpegelgrenze definiert wird, b. während des Betriebs, d.h. während eines Drehens der Trommel der Zentrifuge die Geräuschentwicklung der Zentrifuge mit einer Sensoreinrichtung gemessen wird, c. die von der Sensoreinrichtung gemessenen Daten an eine Regelungseinrichtung weitergeleitet werden, mit welcher die gemessenen Daten mit Solldaten verglichen werden und mit welcher anhand dieses Vergleiches wenigstens eine Stellgröße ermittelt wird, und d. mit der Regelungseinrichtung anhand der wenigstens einen Stellgröße oder mit mehreren Stellgrößen so Einfluss auf den Betrieb der Zentrifuge genommen wird, dass die Geräuschentwicklung die wenigstens eine Geräuschpegelgrenze nicht überschreitet. The invention achieves this goal by the subject matter of claim 1. Thereafter, in controlling the operation of the centrifuge, the noise level of the centrifuge is controlled by: a. at least one noise level limit is defined, b. during operation, i. during a rotation of the drum of the centrifuge, the noise of the centrifuge is measured with a sensor device, c. the data measured by the sensor device are forwarded to a control device, with which the measured data is compared with desired data and with which at least one manipulated variable is determined based on this comparison, and d. with the control device based on the at least one manipulated variable or with multiple manipulated variables so influence on the operation of the centrifuge is taken that the noise does not exceed the at least one noise level limit.
Derart wird der laufende Betrieb der Zentrifuge bei der zentrifugalen Verarbeitung eines Produktes optimiert, wobei nicht oder nur am Rande eine Fehlererkennung im Mittelpunkt steht sondern vielmehr eine Minimierung der Geräuschentwicklung in Abhängigkeit wenigstens einer oder mehrerer vorgegebener Grenzen. Thus, the current operation of the centrifuge is optimized in the centrifugal processing of a product, with no or only marginally error detection in the Rather, it focuses on minimizing the noise as a function of at least one or more predetermined limits.
Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind den Unteransprüchen zu entnehmen. Mit einer Optimierung der Geräuschentwicklung in Abhängigkeit von vorgegebenen Geräuschpegelgrenzen ist insbesondere die Reduzierung der Geräuschabstrahlung bzw. die Reduzierung der Lautheit der Zentrifuge in Abhängigkeit von vorgegebenen Grenzen gemeint. Hierbei wird bespielhaft der Schalldruckpegel als Maß genannt. Gemessen wird der Schalldruck dabei in μΡ3 und mit einem Bezugsschalldruckpegel po = 20 μΡ3= 2 x 10"5 Pa ins Verhältnis gesetzt, so dass er in dB (Dezibel) angegeben werden kann. Denkbare weitere physikalische Größen als Basis zur Reduzierung der Lautstärke der Zentrifuge sind aber auch Schallleistungspegel (angegeben in dB), die Lautheit (angegeben in„sone") die Lautstärke in Fon, oder bewertete Schalldruck- bzw. Schallleistungspegel. Der A-bewertete Schallpegel wird dabei bei- spielsweise frequenzabhängig mit Korrekturfaktoren dem menschlichen Gehör nachempfunden, um die wahrgenommene Lautstärke besser nachbilden zu können. Die Berechnung des Gesamtschalldruckpegels erfolgt dann Advantageous embodiments of the invention can be found in the dependent claims. By optimizing the noise development as a function of predetermined noise level limits, the reduction of the noise radiation or the reduction of the loudness of the centrifuge in dependence on predetermined limits is particularly meant. In this case, the sound pressure level is referred to as a measure. The sound pressure is measured in μΡ3 and compared with a reference sound pressure level po = 20 μΡ3 = 2 x 10 "5 Pa so that it can be expressed in dB (decibels) Conceivable further physical quantities as a basis for reducing the volume of the centrifuge but are also sound power levels (expressed in dB), the loudness (indicated in "sone") the volume in Fon, or rated sound pressure or sound power levels. The A-weighted sound level, for example, is modeled on the human ear in a frequency-dependent manner with correction factors so that the perceived volume can be simulated better. The calculation of the total sound pressure level then takes place
Der Schalldruckpegel Lp wird dabei nach folgender Formel errechnet: Lp = 20 log (p/po) dB, wobei p für den gemessenen Druck steht und p0 für den Bezugsschalldruckpegel. Beispiel: Korrekturfaktoren k für eine A-bewertete Schallmessung: The sound pressure level L p is calculated according to the following formula: L p = 20 log (p / po) dB, where p stands for the measured pressure and p 0 for the reference sound pressure level. Example: correction factors k for an A-weighted sound measurement:
Der Summenschalldruckpegel wird dabei berechnet nach folgender Formel: L = 10 x logio ((pi2+P2 2+.. ..+Pn2):(Po2)) Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung unter Bezug auf die Zeichnung anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels näher beschrieben. The sum sound pressure level is calculated according to the following formula: L = 10 × logio ((pi 2 + P 2 2 +... + Pn 2 ) :( Po 2 )) The invention will be described in more detail with reference to the drawing with reference to an embodiment.
Fig. 1 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung eines Separators zur zentrifugalen Verarbeitung eines Produktes, Fig. 2a und b zeigen zwei Ansichten eines weiteren Separators zur zentrifugalen Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a separator for the centrifugal processing of a product, Fig. 2a and b show two views of another separator for centrifugal
Verarbeitung eines Produktes; und  Processing a product; and
Fig. 3a und b zeigen zwei Ansichten eines Dekanters zur zentrifugalen Verarbeitung eines Produktes. Figures 3a and b show two views of a decanter for centrifugal processing of a product.
Fig. 4a und b zeigen zwei Diagramme, welcher eine Geräuschreduzierung mittels Fig. 4a and b show two diagrams, which means a noise reduction
Varianten erfindungsgemäßer Verfahren veranschaulichen.  Illustrate variants of methods according to the invention.
Fig. 1 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung eines Separators zur zentrifugalen Verarbeitung eines Produktes, insbesondere zum Klären eines Produktes von Feststoffen (oder zum Aufkonzentrieren einer solchen Phase) und/oder zum Trennen eines Produktes in verschiedene Flüssigkeitsphasen. Der in Fig. 1 abgebildete Separator weist eine (hier nur schematisch dargestellte) drehbare Trommel 1 mit vorzugsweise vertikaler Drehachse auf, die eine (hier nicht dargestellte) Antriebsspindel aufweist, die über eine (hier ebenfalls nicht dargestellte) Antriebsverbindung mit einem Motor 2 antreibbar ist. In die Trommel 1 führt eine Zuleitung 3. Flüssigkeiten verschiedenere Dichte und ggf. Feststoffe können durch eine oder mehrere Ableitungen 4, 5 und ggf. Feststoffaustragsöffnungen 6 aus der Trommel geleitet werden. In der Zuleitung 3 und der oder den Ableitung(en) 4 und 5 sind vorzugsweise steuerbare (und vorzugsweise drosselbare) Ventile vorgesehen(hier nicht dargestellt). Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a separator for the centrifugal processing of a product, in particular for clarifying a product of solids (or for concentrating such a phase) and / or for separating a product into different liquid phases. The illustrated in Fig. 1 separator has a (here only schematically illustrated) rotatable drum 1 with preferably vertical axis of rotation, which has a (not shown here) drive spindle which is driven via a (not shown here) drive connection with a motor 2 , Liquids of different density and optionally solids can be passed out of the drum through one or more outlets 4, 5 and possibly solids discharge openings 6. In the supply line 3 and the discharge (s) 4 and 5 preferably controllable (and preferably throttled) valves are provided (not shown here).
Die rotierbare Trommel 1 und vorzugsweise der Antrieb/Motor 2 sind auf einem Ma- schinengestell 13 angebracht. Das Maschinengestell 13 ist wiederum über eines o- der mehrere Fußelemente 14, die eine Feder aufweisen können oder als solche ausgebildet sein können, auf einem Fundament 15 aufgestellt. In Fig. 2 ist diese Feder als Block 16 dargestellt. The rotatable drum 1 and preferably the drive / motor 2 are mounted on a machine frame 13. The machine frame 13 is in turn placed on a foundation 15 via one or more foot elements 14, which may have a spring or may be formed as such. In Fig. 2, this spring is shown as block 16.
Während des Betriebs, d.h. während eines Drehens der Trommel 1 wird die Geräu- schentwicklung der Zentrifuge, insbesondere in der Nähe der Trommel 1 , mit einer entsprechend dazu geeigneten Sensoreinrichtung, insbesondere mit einem Mikrofon 7, gemessen. Dieses Messen findet fortlaufend kontinuierlich oder in Intervallen statt. Die von der Sensoreinrichtung gemessenen Daten werden an eine Regelungseinrichtung 8 (die unter anderem einen Rechner aufweist) weitergeleitet, wo sie ausge- wertet werden. So kann jeweils nur der Schallpegel gemessen werden. Es ist aber auch denkbar, ein Frequenzspektrum aufzunehmen und auszuwerten. In Fig. 2 ist auch ein Mikrofon 7 dargestellt und alternativ ein Sensor 7' zur Messung direkt an einer Haube eines Separators. During operation, ie during rotation of the drum 1, the development of noise of the centrifuge, in particular in the vicinity of the drum 1, with a according to suitable sensor device, in particular with a microphone 7, measured. This measurement takes place continuously, continuously or at intervals. The data measured by the sensor device are forwarded to a control device 8 (which, inter alia, has a computer), where it is evaluated. So only the sound level can be measured. However, it is also conceivable to record and evaluate a frequency spectrum. FIG. 2 also shows a microphone 7 and, alternatively, a sensor 7 'for measuring directly on a hood of a separator.
Sodann werden die Messdaten mit Solldaten verglichen. Anhand dieses Vergleiches wird wenigstens eine Stellgröße ermittelt. Mit der Regelungseinrichtung 8 wird mit Hilfe der wenigstens einen Stellgröße (oder mehreren Stellgrößen) so Einfluss auf den Betrieb der Zentrifuge genommen, dass die Regelgröße - die Geräuschentwicklung - so verändert wird, dass sie ein gewünschtes Verhalten annimmt. Then the measured data are compared with desired data. Based on this comparison, at least one manipulated variable is determined. With the control device 8 is taken with the help of at least one manipulated variable (or more manipulated variables) so influence on the operation of the centrifuge that the controlled variable - the noise - is changed so that it assumes a desired behavior.
So ist es denkbar, dem Motor bzw. dessen Steuerung, beispielsweise einem Fre- quenzumrichter, 2 über eine Leitung 9 (oder drahtlos) ein die Drehzahl der Antriebsspindel der Trommel 1 beeinflussendes Signal zuzuleiten, um die Drehzahl der Antriebsspindel zu ändern, um derart die Geräuschentwicklung des Separators zu verändern, insbesondere zu verringern. Thus, it is conceivable to feed the motor or its controller, for example a frequency converter, 2 via a line 9 (or wireless) a signal influencing the rotational speed of the drive spindle of the drum 1 in order to change the rotational speed of the drive spindle so as to change the speed To change the noise level of the separator, in particular to reduce.
Es ist zudem auch denkbar, weitere Parameter in die Regelung einzubeziehen. So sind neben der Drehzahl Faktoren, welche die Geräuschentwicklung beeinflussen, der Zulauf 3 und/ oder die Ablaufdrücke in den Abläufen 4, 5 und/oder die Entleerungsmenge/Entleerungshäufigkeit über den Ablauf 6 der Trommel 1 . So ist die Geräuschentwicklung bei Entleerungen, z.B. mit Hilfe eines Kolbenschiebers an Aus- tragsöffnungen - mit einem kleineren Volumen geringer als bei Feststoffentleerungen mit einem größeren Volumen. Dafür sind aber häufiger Entleerungen notwendig, um insgesamt das vorgesehene Entleerungsvolumen zu erreichen. It is also conceivable to include further parameters in the control. Thus, in addition to the speed factors which influence the noise, the inlet 3 and / or the discharge pressures in the processes 4, 5 and / or the emptying / emptying frequency via the outlet 6 of the drum first Thus, the noise at emptying, e.g. by means of a spool valve at discharge openings - with a smaller volume less than with solid discharges with a larger volume. But more frequent emptying are necessary to achieve the total intended emptying volume.
Dazu ist es vorteilhaft, über Datenleitungen (oder drahtlos) 10, 1 1 , 12 ansteuerbare Einrichtungen, insbesondere Ventile, in den Ableitungen 4, 5, 6 derart anzusteuern, dass das Durchflussverhalten in den entsprechenden Zu- und Ableitungen geändert wird, so dass das Geräuschverhalten (innerhalb eines vorgegebenen Geräuschpegelfensters) wie gewünscht optimiert wird. Besonders bevorzugt wird mit der Sensoreinrichtung der Luftschall ermittelt, welcher durch die Zentrifuge und umgebende Maschinenteile und / oder durch ein die Trommel umgebendes Gas übertragen wird. Alternativ könnte auch der Körperschall er- fasst werden. Das bevorzugt erfasste Frequenzband sowohl für die Luft- wie auch Körperschallmessung beträgt 50 - 12000 Hz, bevorzugt 50 - 8000 Hz, ganz besonders bevorzugt 50 - 5000 Hz. For this purpose, it is advantageous to drive via data lines (or wireless) 10, 1 1, 12 controllable devices, in particular valves, in the leads 4, 5, 6 such that the flow behavior is changed in the corresponding inlets and outlets, so that the Noise performance (within a given noise level window) is optimized as desired. The airborne sound is particularly preferably determined with the sensor device, which is transmitted through the centrifuge and surrounding machine parts and / or through a gas surrounding the drum. Alternatively, the structure-borne noise could also be detected. The preferred frequency band recorded for both airborne and structure-borne sound measurements is 50-12,000 Hz, preferably 50-8,000 Hz, very particularly preferably 50-5,000 Hz.
So ist es aus dem Stand der Technik zwar bekannt, beispielsweise das Vibrationsverhalten von Zentrifugen anhand von Auslenkungen der Antriebspindel zu sensie- ren. Nicht erkannt wurde dagegen, dass die Geräuschentwicklung eine einfache Möglichkeit zur Regelung des Betriebs der Zentrifuge darstellt, welche gegenüber dem Stand der Technik andere und/oder weitere Vorteile bietet. Although it is known from the prior art, for example, to sense the vibration behavior of centrifuges based on deflections of the drive spindle. It was not recognized, however, that the noise development represents a simple way of controlling the operation of the centrifuge, which compared to the prior art Technique offers others and / or other benefits.
Beispielsweise ist es denkbar, eine oder mehrere obere Geräuschpegelgrenzen I und II, zu definieren, und die Maschine so zu betreiben bzw. zu regeln, dass in Abhängigkeit von der Uhrzeit die eine oder die andere der Grenzen eingehalten wird, beispielsweise, um Lärmvorschriften einzuhalten, die nachts einen leiseren Betrieb vorschreiben als am Tag. For example, it is conceivable to define one or more upper noise level limits I and II, and to operate the machine in such a way that, depending on the time of day, one or the other of the limits is adhered to, for example in order to comply with noise regulations. which prescribe a quieter operation at night than during the day.
Geregelt werden vorzugsweise als Stellgrößen der oder die Ablaufdrücke, der zu verarbeitende Volumenstrom, die Entleerungsmenge, die Entleerungshäufigkeit und die Drehzahl der Trommel. Wenn z. B. ein Separator MSE 500 bei 50 m3/h und 6 bar Ablaufdruck einen Schalldruck von 84 dB(A) (beispielhaft gemessen in 1 m Abstand) erzeugt, liefert dieser bei Betrieb mit 35 m3/h und 4,5 bar Ablaufdruck einen deutlich reduzierten Schalldruck von nur 80 dB(A). Ergänzt wird die Regelung des Geräuschpegels vorzugsweise mit einer Regelung weiterer Größen, beispielsweise einer Regelung der Trübung mit Hilfe einer Trübungsmessung im Ablauf zur Bestimmung des Abscheidegrades. Controlled are preferably as manipulated variables or the discharge pressures, the volume flow to be processed, the emptying amount, the emptying frequency and the rotational speed of the drum. If z. B. a separator MSE 500 at 50 m 3 / h and 6 bar discharge pressure generates a sound pressure of 84 dB (A) (measured by way of example in 1 m distance), this delivers at operation with 35 m 3 / h and 4.5 bar discharge pressure a significantly reduced sound pressure of only 80 dB (A). The regulation of the noise level is preferably supplemented by a control of further variables, for example a regulation of the turbidity with the aid of a turbidity measurement in the sequence for determining the separation efficiency.
Bevorzugt ist, dass das Messen des Geräuschpegels in Intervallen erfolgt, die kleiner gleich 1 h, vorzugsweise kleiner gleich 10 min, insbesondere kleiner gleich 1 min sind. Es ist aber auch denkbar, die Messung seltener durchzuführen, beispielsweise nur dann, wenn nach vorgegebener Tageszeit eine Änderung des Geräuschpegels gewünscht ist. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ist zum Betreiben einer Zentrifuge, insbesondere eines Separators mit vertikaler Drehachse im kontinuierlichen Betrieb geeignet, der über ein Abscheidemittel wie ein Trenntellerpaket in der Trommel verfügt. Alternativ kann die Zentrifuge auf andere Weise ausgebildet sein, beispielsweise als Vollman- tel-Schneckenzentrifuge, insbesondere mit einer horizontalen Drehachse (hier nicht dargestellt). It is preferred that the measurement of the noise level takes place at intervals which are less than or equal to 1 h, preferably less than or equal to 10 min, in particular less than or equal to 1 min. However, it is also conceivable to carry out the measurement less frequently, for example only if, after a predetermined time of day, a change in the noise level is desired. The inventive method is suitable for operating a centrifuge, in particular a separator with a vertical axis of rotation in continuous operation, which has a separating means such as a separator disk package in the drum. Alternatively, the centrifuge can be designed in another way, for example as a full-cup screw centrifuge, in particular with a horizontal axis of rotation (not shown here).
Durch geeignete Wahl des Abstandes der Sensoreinrichtung zur Zentrifuge kann beeinflusst werden, ob mehr oder weniger Geräuscheinflüsse aus der Umgebung mit in die Messung eingehen. Der übliche Abstand zur Oberfläche von 1 m wird dabei beispielsweise kleiner 1 m, insbesondere kleiner 50 cm, besonders bevorzugt auf kleiner 30 cm gesetzt. By a suitable choice of the distance of the sensor device to the centrifuge can be influenced whether more or less noise influences from the environment are included in the measurement. The usual distance to the surface of 1 m is set, for example, less than 1 m, in particular less than 50 cm, more preferably less than 30 cm.
Es ist auch denkbar, mit zwei Sensoreinrichtungen wie Mikrofonen, die vorzugsweise in verschiedene Richtung gerichtet sind, insbesondere um 180° versetzt, die Umgebungsgeräusche und die Geräusches der Zentrifuge jeweils zu erfassen und zur Auswertung zu nutzen. So könnte die Differenz der Geräuschentwicklung zwischen Umgebung und der Zentrifuge bestimmt werden, da in der Umgebung in der Regel weitere Maschinen wie Mühlen oder Pumpen stehen, welche die Geräuschentwicklung beeinflussen. Es ist auch denkbar, Umgebungsmaschinen in die geräuschabhängige Steuerung/Regelung mit einzubeziehen. Wenn Körperschall gemessen wird, wird diese Messung, vorzugsweise Sensierung am schwingenden System der Zentrifuge an einer Stelle erfolgen, die besonders intensiv schwingen können, beispielsweise an der Haube. Die Maschine selbst muss über einen oder mehrere Dämpfer von der Umgebung isoliert sein. Derart kann der Einfluss des Körperschalls aus der Umgebung auf die Messung der Geräuschent- Wicklung minimiert werden. Dies veranschaulichen die Fig. 2 und 3 am Beispiel eines Separators (Fig. 2) mit vertikaler Drehachse mit einem Körperschallsensor 7' (bzw. -aufnehmer, insbesondere einem elektroakustischer Wandler zur Körperschallmessung) zur Messung des Körperschalls am schwingenden System, hier an einer die Trommel umgebenden Haube 17, die besonders gut dazu geeignet ist. Andere Stel- len an dem Separator vertikaler Drehachse oder an einem Dekanter (Vollmantel- Schneckenzentrifuge) 18 mit horizontaler Drehachse 19. Nach der in Fig. 4a veranschaulichten Variante eines erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens soll ein Geräuschpegelgrenzwert I eingehalten bzw. möglichst nicht oder wenn nur kurzzeitig überschritten werden. Zunächst wird ein Geräuschpegelgrenzwert I gesetzt. Im Betrieb wird zum Messen der Geräuschentwicklung der Zentrifuge der Körperschall und/oder der Luftschall ermittelt, und zwar hier mittels vorzugsweise eines Mikrofones oder mehrerer Mikrofone 7 als Sensoreinrichtung. Wie in Fig. 4a zu erkennen, wird der Geräuschpegelgrenzwert I beim Hochfahren auf eine Nenndrehzahl (Betriebszeitpunkte 1 . bis 2.) und dann im Leerlauf (Betriebsbereit, Betriebszeitpunkte 2. bis 3.) bei Nenndrehzahl noch nicht erreicht bzw. unterschritten. Sodann wird im Betrieb bei der zentrifugalen Verarbeitung des Produktes (Betriebszeitpunkte 3. - 4.) der Geräuschpegelgrenzwert erreicht und dann überschritten. Dies wird mit der Regelungseinrichtung ermittelt, die auch eine geänderte Stellgröße - hier eine geänderte Drehzahl - berechnet. Daraufhin (Betriebszeitpunkte 4. - 5.) reduziert die Regelungseinrichtung 8 die Drehzahl (siehe auch Fig.1 ) bis zum erneuten Unter- schreiten des Geräuschpegelgrenzwerts I. Dieses Verfahren kann z.B. bei Separatoren, insbesondere Düsenseparatoren, oder Dekantern gut angewandt werden. It is also conceivable, with two sensor devices such as microphones, which are preferably directed in different directions, in particular offset by 180 °, to detect the ambient noise and the noise of the centrifuge in each case and to use for evaluation. Thus, the difference in noise between the environment and the centrifuge could be determined because in the environment usually other machines such as mills or pumps are available, which influence the noise. It is also conceivable to include environmental machines in the noise-dependent control / regulation. If structure-borne noise is measured, this measurement, preferably sensing on the oscillating system of the centrifuge, will be carried out at a location which can oscillate particularly intensively, for example on the hood. The machine itself must be isolated from the environment via one or more dampers. In this way, the influence of structure-borne noise from the environment on the measurement of noise development can be minimized. This is illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3 using the example of a separator (FIG. 2) with a vertical axis of rotation with a structure-borne sound sensor 7 '(or transducer, in particular an electroacoustic transducer for structure-borne sound measurement) for measuring structure-borne noise at the oscillating system, here at one Drum surrounding hood 17, which is particularly well suited. Other positions on the separator of vertical axis of rotation or on a decanter (solid bowl centrifuge) 18 with a horizontal axis of rotation 19. According to the illustrated in Fig. 4a variant of a method according to the invention a noise level limit I is respected or not possible or if only briefly exceeded. First, a noise level limit I is set. In operation, the structure-borne noise and / or the airborne sound is determined for measuring the noise of the centrifuge, here by means of preferably a microphone or more microphones 7 as a sensor device. As can be seen in FIG. 4 a, the noise level limit value I is not reached or undershot at nominal speed when starting up to a rated speed (operating times 1 to 2) and then during idling (ready for operation, operating times 2 to 3). Then, during operation of the centrifugal processing of the product (operating times 3 - 4), the noise level limit is reached and then exceeded. This is determined with the control device, which also calculates a modified manipulated variable - here a changed speed. Thereafter (operating times 4 - 5), the control device 8 reduces the rotational speed (see also FIG. 1) until it again falls below the noise level limit value I. This method can be used well for example in separators, in particular nozzle separators or decanters.
Nach der in Fig. 4b veranschaulichten Variante eines erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens soll ein wiederum ein Geräuschpegelgrenzwert I eingehalten bzw. möglichst nicht oder wenn nur kurzzeitig überschritten werden, der aber hier aber anders als in Fig. 4a nicht als ein Spitzenwert sondern als ein Mittelwert der Geräuschentwicklung definiert ist. Zunächst wird der so definierte Geräuschpegelgrenzwert/-mittelwert I gesetzt. Im Betrieb wird zum Messen der Geräuschentwicklung der Zentrifuge der Körperschall und/oder der Luftschall ermittelt, und zwar wiederum mittels vorzugsweise eines Mikrofones oder mehrerer Mikrofone 7 als Sensoreinrichtung. Fig. 4b zeigt die Geräuschentwicklung an sogenannten selbstentleerenden Separatoren, bei denen in Intervallen durch ein kurzzeitiges Öffnen von Feststoffaustragsöffnungen Feststoffe entleert werden. Bei wenigen großen Entleerungen (Zeitpunkte 1 ' und 2') stellt sich ein höherer Mittelwert für die Geräuschentwicklung ein als bei mehreren kleinen Entleerungen (Zeitpunkte 3' und 4'). Derart werden, wenn der Mittelwert überschritten wird, von der Regelungseinrichtung als Stellgrößen vorteilhaft und einfach die Entleerungsmenge am Ablauf und die Entleerungshäufigkeit am Ablauf 6 der Trommel 1 des Separators, verwendet und ggf. geändert. BezugszeichenAccording to the variant of a method according to the invention illustrated in FIG. 4b, once again a noise level limit value I is to be respected, if possible not exceeded, or exceeded only briefly, but unlike in FIG. 4a it defines not as a peak value but as an average value of the noise level is. First, the thus defined noise level limit / average I is set. In operation, the structure-borne noise and / or the airborne sound is determined for measuring the noise of the centrifuge, again by means of preferably a microphone or a plurality of microphones 7 as a sensor device. 4b shows the noise development on so-called self-draining separators, in which solids are emptied at intervals by a brief opening of solids discharge openings. With a few large evacuations (times 1 'and 2'), a higher mean value for the noise develops than with several small evacuations (times 3 'and 4'). In this way, when the mean value is exceeded, the regulating device advantageously uses as manipulated variables and simply uses the emptying amount at the outlet and the emptying frequency at the outlet 6 of the drum 1 of the separator, and possibly changes it. reference numeral
Trommel 1 Drum 1
Motor 2  Engine 2
Zuleitung 3  Supply line 3
Ableitungen 4, 5 Derivatives 4, 5
Feststoffaustragsöffnungen 6  Solid discharge openings 6
Mikrofon 7  Microphone 7
Regelungseinrichtung 8  Control device 8
Leitung 9  Line 9
Datenleitungen 10, 1 1 , 12 Data lines 10, 1 1, 12
Maschinengestell 13 Machine frame 13
Fußelemente 14  Foot elements 14
Fundament 15 Foundation 15
Feder 1 6 Spring 1 6
Haube 17 Hood 17
Dekanter 18 Decanter 18
Drehachse 19 Rotation axis 19

Claims

Ansprüche claims
Verfahren zum Regeln des Betriebs einer Zentrifuge mit einer drehbaren Trommel (1 ), insbesondere eines Separators oder eines Dekanters, bei der zentrifugalen Verarbeitung eines Produktes, insbesondere bei einem Klären eines Produktes und/oder bei einem Trennen eines Produktes in verschiedene Flüssigkeitsphasen mit der Trommel (1 ), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei der Regelung des Betriebs der Zentrifuge die Geräuschentwicklung der Zentrifuge geregelt wird, indem a. wenigstens eine Geräuschpegelgrenze (I, II) definiert wird, b. während des Betriebs, d.h. während eines Drehens der Trommel (1 ) der Zentrifuge die Geräuschentwicklung der Zentrifuge mit einer Sensoreinrichtung gemessen wird, c. die von der Sensoreinrichtung gemessenen Daten an eine Regelungseinrichtung (8) weitergeleitet werden, mit der die gemessenen Daten mit Solldaten verglichen werden und mit der anhand dieses Vergleiches wenigstens eine Stellgröße ermittelt wird, und d. mit der Regelungseinrichtung (8) anhand der wenigstens einen Method for controlling the operation of a centrifuge with a rotatable drum (1), in particular a separator or a decanter, during the centrifugal processing of a product, in particular when clarifying a product and / or when separating a product into different liquid phases with the drum ( 1), characterized in that the regulation of the operation of the centrifuge, the noise of the centrifuge is controlled by a. at least one noise level limit (I, II) is defined, b. during operation, i. during a rotation of the drum (1) of the centrifuge, the noise of the centrifuge is measured with a sensor device, c. the data measured by the sensor device are forwarded to a control device (8) with which the measured data are compared with desired data and with which at least one manipulated variable is determined on the basis of this comparison, and d. with the control device (8) on the basis of the at least one
Stellgröße oder mit mehreren Stellgrößen so Einfluss auf den Betrieb der Zentrifuge genommen wird, dass die Geräuschentwicklung die wenigstens eine Geräuschpegelgrenze (I, II) nicht überschreitet.  Manipulated variable or with multiple manipulated variables so influence on the operation of the centrifuge is taken that the noise does not exceed the at least one noise level limit (I, II).
Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zum Messen der Geräuschentwicklung der Zentrifuge der Körperschall und/oder der Luftschall ermittelt wird, A method according to claim 1, characterized in that for measuring the noise of the centrifuge, the structure-borne noise and / or the airborne sound is determined,
Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Messen des Geräuschpegels mit Hilfe wenigstens eines Mikrofones o- der mehrerer Mikrofone (7) als Sensoreinrichtung erfolgt. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the measurement of the noise level by means of at least one microphone or more microphones (7) takes place as a sensor device.
4. Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Messen des Geräuschpegels mit Hilfe wenigstens eines Piezosensors oder wenigstens eines Laser-Doppler-Vibrometers erfolgt. 5. Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dass das Messen des Geräuschpegels fortlaufend kontinuierlich erfolgt. 4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the measurement of the noise level by means of at least one piezoelectric sensor or at least one laser Doppler vibrometer is carried out. 5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, that the measuring of the noise level continuously takes place continuously.
6. Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dass das Messen des Geräuschpegels in Intervallen erfolgt. 6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, that the measurement of the noise level takes place at intervals.
7. Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dass das Messen des Geräuschpegels in Intervallen erfolgt, die kleiner gleich 1 h, vorzugsweise kleiner gleich 10 min, insbesondere kleiner gleich 1 min sind. 7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, that the measurement of the noise level takes place at intervals which are less than or equal to 1 h, preferably less than or equal to 10 min, in particular less than or equal to 1 min.
8. Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dass als die wenigstens eine Stellgröße die Drehzahl der Antriebsspindel verwendet wird. 9. Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dass als die wenigstens eine Stellgröße der oder die Ablaufdrücke in einem Zulauf oder in einem oder mehreren Abläufen (4, 5) der Trommel (1 ) verwendet wird. 8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, that is used as the at least one manipulated variable, the rotational speed of the drive spindle. 9. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, that is used as the at least one manipulated variable or the discharge pressures in a feed or in one or more processes (4, 5) of the drum (1).
10. Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dass als die we- nigstens eine Stellgröße der verarbeitete Volumenstrom verwendet wird. 10. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, that is used as the at least one manipulated variable of the processed volume flow.
11. Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dass als die wenigstens eine Stellgröße die Entleerungsmenge am Ablauf (6) verwendet wird. 11. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, that is used as the at least one manipulated variable, the discharge amount at the outlet (6).
12. Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dass als die wenigstens eine Stellgröße die Entleerungshäufigkeit am Ablauf (6) verwendet wird. 12. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, that is used as the at least one manipulated variable, the emptying frequency at the outlet (6).
13. Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mehrere obere Geräuschpegelgrenzen I und II definiert werden, und dass die Zentrifuge so geregelt wird, dass in Abhängigkeit von der Uhrzeit jeweils eine der Geräuschpegelgrenzen I und II nicht überschritten wird. 13. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of upper noise level limits I and II defined and that the centrifuge is controlled in such a way that, depending on the time of day, one of the noise level limits I and II is not exceeded.
Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Regelung des Geräuschpegels mit wenigstens einer weiteren Regelung, beispielsweise einer Trübungsregelung, kombiniert wird. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the regulation of the noise level is combined with at least one further control, for example a turbidity control.
15. Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Messung des Schalls als Körperschallmessung, insbesondere an einer Haube erfolgt. 15. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the measurement of the sound as a structure-borne noise measurement, in particular takes place on a hood.
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