EP3153456B1 - Hubfahrzeug mit einem teleskopischen hubarm mit einem stossdämpfersystem - Google Patents

Hubfahrzeug mit einem teleskopischen hubarm mit einem stossdämpfersystem Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3153456B1
EP3153456B1 EP16192068.1A EP16192068A EP3153456B1 EP 3153456 B1 EP3153456 B1 EP 3153456B1 EP 16192068 A EP16192068 A EP 16192068A EP 3153456 B1 EP3153456 B1 EP 3153456B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
shock absorber
absorber system
pressure
cylinder
accumulators
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP16192068.1A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3153456A1 (de
Inventor
Amilcare Merlo
Felice Contessini
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Merlo Project Srl
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Merlo Project Srl
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Filing date
Publication date
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Priority to PL16192068T priority Critical patent/PL3153456T3/pl
Publication of EP3153456A1 publication Critical patent/EP3153456A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3153456B1 publication Critical patent/EP3153456B1/de
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66F—HOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD
    • B66F9/00—Devices for lifting or lowering bulky or heavy goods for loading or unloading purposes
    • B66F9/06—Devices for lifting or lowering bulky or heavy goods for loading or unloading purposes movable, with their loads, on wheels or the like, e.g. fork-lift trucks
    • B66F9/065—Devices for lifting or lowering bulky or heavy goods for loading or unloading purposes movable, with their loads, on wheels or the like, e.g. fork-lift trucks non-masted
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66F—HOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD
    • B66F11/00—Lifting devices specially adapted for particular uses not otherwise provided for
    • B66F11/04—Lifting devices specially adapted for particular uses not otherwise provided for for movable platforms or cabins, e.g. on vehicles, permitting workmen to place themselves in any desired position for carrying out required operations
    • B66F11/044—Working platforms suspended from booms
    • B66F11/046—Working platforms suspended from booms of the telescoping type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66F—HOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD
    • B66F9/00—Devices for lifting or lowering bulky or heavy goods for loading or unloading purposes
    • B66F9/06—Devices for lifting or lowering bulky or heavy goods for loading or unloading purposes movable, with their loads, on wheels or the like, e.g. fork-lift trucks
    • B66F9/075—Constructional features or details
    • B66F9/20—Means for actuating or controlling masts, platforms, or forks
    • B66F9/22—Hydraulic devices or systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B1/00—Installations or systems with accumulators; Supply reservoir or sump assemblies
    • F15B1/02—Installations or systems with accumulators
    • F15B1/021—Installations or systems with accumulators used for damping
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B20/00—Safety arrangements for fluid actuator systems; Applications of safety devices in fluid actuator systems; Emergency measures for fluid actuator systems
    • F15B20/007—Overload
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/40—Flow control
    • F15B2211/47—Flow control in one direction only
    • F15B2211/476—Flow control in one direction only the flow in the reverse direction being blocked
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/50—Pressure control
    • F15B2211/505—Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means
    • F15B2211/50509—Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means the pressure control means controlling a pressure upstream of the pressure control means
    • F15B2211/50545—Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means the pressure control means controlling a pressure upstream of the pressure control means using braking valves to maintain a back pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/60—Circuit components or control therefor
    • F15B2211/63—Electronic controllers
    • F15B2211/6303—Electronic controllers using input signals
    • F15B2211/6336—Electronic controllers using input signals representing a state of the output member, e.g. position, speed or acceleration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/80—Other types of control related to particular problems or conditions
    • F15B2211/86—Control during or prevention of abnormal conditions
    • F15B2211/8606—Control during or prevention of abnormal conditions the abnormal condition being a shock
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/80—Other types of control related to particular problems or conditions
    • F15B2211/865—Prevention of failures

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a lifting vehicle with a telescopic lifting arm provided with an implement-mounting attachment.
  • Lifting vehicles of this type can be equipped with different types of implements, for example, forks, shovels, aerial platforms, etc.
  • implements for example, forks, shovels, aerial platforms, etc.
  • the lifting vehicles have a high momentum or kinetic energy, essentially due to the substantial mass of the vehicle, so that the frontal collisions, even at slow speeds, cause high stresses of the vehicle structure, in particular of the arm, of the chassis and of the articulation pin of the arm, and expose the operator to dangerous situations.
  • Lifting vehicles, loaders and tractors with a front loader currently on the market do not have any type of protection against collisions, and this can cause injuries to the operator as well as damage to the machines.
  • US-A-4280589 discloses a telescopic arm controlled by an extension cylinder.
  • a platform is articulated at a distal end of the telescopic arm.
  • the telescopic arm comprises a linkage intended to prevent breakage of the telescopic arm if the platform should receive heavy impacting blows attempting to pivot it about its articulation axis.
  • the present invention aims to provide a lifting vehicle with a telescopic lifting arm that allows it to mitigate the effects of frontal collisions.
  • this object is achieved by a lifting vehicle having the characteristics forming the subject of claim 1.
  • the vehicle according to the invention is equipped with a shock absorber system associated with the extension cylinder of the telescopic arm.
  • the shock absorber system allows a gradual return of the telescopic section of the arm in the event of a frontal collision, with a consequent reduction of the inertial effects on the vehicle. Thanks to the shock absorber system, the damage to the vehicle is limited and the risks to which the driver would be subjected in the event of a frontal collision are reduced.
  • the shock absorber system according to the present invention is also particularly useful in all the thrust steps with a shovel, blade or similar implements, as it mitigates the stresses imposed in the normal work cycle, even in the absence of frontal collisions.
  • numeral 10 indicates a lifting vehicle comprising a self-propelled chassis 12 having a front axle 14 and a rear axle 16.
  • the vehicle 10 comprises a telescopic arm 18 articulated in the rear section of the chassis 12 about a transverse axis 20.
  • the telescopic arm 18 is provided at one end with an attachment 22 for connecting different types of implements.
  • the telescopic arm 18 is located at the center of the chassis 12, between a driving cab 24 and an engine assembly 26.
  • the vehicle 10 comprises a lifting cylinder 28 with ends articulated to the chassis 12 and the arm 18.
  • the lifting cylinder 28 is operable to control the tilt of the arm 18 about the transverse axis 20 between a lowered position in which the arm 18 extends in the horizontal or lower direction and a plurality of raised positions.
  • the telescopic arm 18 comprises a base section 30 that is articulated to the chassis 12 about the transverse axis 20 and a telescopic section 32, which is movable within the base section 30 along a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis of the arm 18.
  • the telescopic arm 18 comprises an extension cylinder 34 that controls the telescopic movement of the telescopic section 32 along the longitudinal axis of the arm 18 between a retracted position and a plurality of extracted positions.
  • the telescopic arm 18 has a single telescopic section.
  • the telescopic arm can have a plurality of telescopic sections, each of which is associated with a respective extension cylinder, or with one or more cylinders with cable or chain drives for their movement.
  • the vehicle 10 has a hydraulic circuit 36, which comprises a main pump 38 driven by the thermal engine of the vehicle 10.
  • the hydraulic circuit 36 comprises a hydraulic distributor 40 that receives fluid under pressure from the pump 38 and controls the extension cylinder 34 by means of a first hydraulic line 42 and a second hydraulic line 44, connected, respectively, to a first chamber 46 and to a second chamber 48 of the extension cylinder 34.
  • the pressure in the first chamber 46 controls the extraction of the rod 50 of the hydraulic cylinder 34 and the pressure in the second chamber 48 controls the return of the rod 50.
  • a pressure-controlled block valve 52 is arranged on the first hydraulic line, which prevents a return of fluid from the first chamber 46 towards the distributor 40 in the absence of a pressure in the second hydraulic line 44 that is higher than a preset value.
  • the hydraulic circuit 36 comprises a shock absorber system 54 associated with the extension cylinder 34.
  • the shock absorber system 54 comprises at least one gas accumulator 56.
  • the shock absorber system 54 comprises a plurality of gas accumulators 56 having different respective working pressures and connected in parallel with each other to a manifold 58.
  • Figure 4 shows a constructive example of an embodiment of the assembly of accumulators 56.
  • the manifold 58 of the shock absorber system 54 is connected to the first hydraulic line 42 via a line 60 connected to a section of the first hydraulic line 42 between the first chamber 46 and the block valve 52.
  • the shock absorber system 54 can be associated with a safety device 63 that comprises an extension sensor 62, a solenoid valve 64 arranged on the line 60 and an electronic unit 66.
  • Figure 3 shows a constructive example in which the valve 64 has a disc 66 rotatable in a block 68, having a channel 70 connected to the line 60 and a hole 72 connected to the manifold 58 of the accumulators 56.
  • the solenoid valve 64 is an ON/OFF valve that is normally closed, and is opened by the electronic unit 66 when the extension sensor 62 signals that the extension of the cylinder 34 is below a predetermined threshold. When the extension of the cylinder 34 exceeds the predetermined threshold, the solenoid valve 64 is in a closed position.
  • shock absorber system 54 The operation of the shock absorber system 54 is as follows.
  • the extension cylinder 34 is fed through the distributor 40.
  • the distributor 40 is in a central position. In the central position, the distributor blocks the passage of oil.
  • the block valve 52 is closed and blocks the passage of fluid along the first line 42 between the extension cylinder 34 and the distributor 40.
  • the extension sensor 62 formed of a micro-switch or an equivalent sensor, detects whether the extension of the cylinder 34 is less than or greater than a threshold limit. If the extension of the cylinder 34 is lower than the threshold limit, the electronic unit 66 switches the solenoid valve 64 into the open position. When the solenoid valve 64 is open, the accumulators 56 are in hydraulic communication with the first chamber 46 of the cylinder 34.
  • the rod 50 of the cylinder 34 is retracted.
  • the volume of hydraulic fluid coming out from the first chamber 46 is sent to the accumulators 56.
  • the hydraulic fluid compresses the gas in the accumulators 56.
  • the accumulators 56 are loaded with the hydraulic fluid coming from the cylinder 34 and gradually slow down the return of the arm, and therefore decelerate the forward movement of the vehicle.
  • the number of accumulators 56 depends on the maximum braking stroke that is required, or rather, on the return length of the arm within which the arm stops the machine.
  • the safety device 63 inhibits the shock absorber device 54 by closing the solenoid valve 64.
  • the safety device 63 performs a safety function in that if the volume of hydraulic fluid directed towards the accumulators 56 becomes too high, there would be a risk of bursting the accumulators.
  • a pressure-limiting valve could be arranged on the line 60, which laminates the hydraulic fluid towards the discharge if the pressure exceeds the maximum allowable pressure of the accumulators.
  • the calibration pressure of the accumulators 56 must not be too low otherwise the telescopic section 32 of the arm 18 would retract under low loads that do not correspond to a collision situation. At the same time, the calibration pressure of the accumulators must not be too high otherwise the vehicle would still have a dangerous initial collision.
  • Time t0 indicates the instant in which the frontal collision occurs.
  • the vehicle Before the collision, the vehicle is in motion and the pressure in the chamber 46 of the cylinder 34 is equal to the base value p0.
  • the pressure in the chamber 46 of the cylinder 34 is equal to the base value p0.
  • the pressure of the fluid reaches a value p1 equal to the value of the calibration pressure p* of the accumulators, the gas inside the accumulators starts to compress.
  • the telescopic section 32 of the arm 18 retracts, opposing a progressively increasing force to the movement of the vehicle. This force gradually slows the vehicle, until the vehicle stops at time t2, which corresponds to a pressure p2.
  • the pressure p2 must be less than the maximum pressure of the accumulators (pmax).
  • the safety device 63 serves to prevent the fluid pressure in the line 60 exceeding the maximum pressure of the accumulators.
  • the diameter of the cylinder d, and the maximum stroke x within which the vehicle in motion should be stopped, are known.
  • the vehicle that collides frontally against a fixed obstacle has a kinetic energy that must be dissipated in order to brake the vehicle.
  • the shock absorber system 54 is sized in order to brake the machine up to a certain speed v max , without shocks.
  • V 1 and V 2 are the initial and final volumes of the gas.
  • V 1 must be set to the lowest possible value to reduce the necessary volume of gas and therefore the number of accumulators, always maintaining a certain margin of safety able to ensure the dissipation of all the energy even in off-design conditions.
  • V 0 , TOT ⁇ ⁇ V p * p 1 1 ⁇ ⁇ p * p 2 1 ⁇
  • n acc V 0 , TOT V acc
  • V acc is the volume of the single accumulator.
  • the maximum pressure that is actually achieved and the effective stroke of the arm before the machine stops can then be calculated, and then the safety margin can be evaluated.
  • shock absorption system described above as well as being deactivated by the safety device 63 according to the extension of the telescopic arm 18, can also be deactivated by a command from the operator or automatically by an angle sensor that detects the inclination of the telescopic arm 18.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)

Claims (5)

  1. Hubfahrzeug, umfassend:
    - ein eigenangetriebenes Fahrgestell (12),
    - einen Teleskoparm (18), der an einem distalen Ende mit einem Anbauteil (22) zum Montieren von Arbeitsgeräten versehen ist und ein an dem Fahrgestell (12) angelenktes Basisteilstück (30) und mindestens ein Teleskopteilstück (32) beinhaltet,
    - mindestens einen zwischen dem Teleskoparm (18) und dem Fahrgestell (12) angeordneten Hubzylinder (28),
    - mindestens einen Ausfahrzylinder (34), der dafür ausgelegt ist, die Bewegung des mindestens einen Teleskopteilstücks (32) zwischen einer eingefahrenen Position und einer Vielzahl ausgefahrener Positionen zu steuern,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es ferner Folgendes umfasst:
    - einen Hydraulikkreis (36), der einen Hydraulikverteiler (40) beinhaltet, der mit dem Ausfahrzylinder (34) über eine erste und eine zweite Hydraulikleitung (42, 44) verbunden ist, die mit einer ersten bzw. einer zweiten Kammer (46, 48) des Ausfahrzylinders (34) verbunden sind, wobei an der ersten Hydraulikleitung (42) ein druckgesteuertes Sperrventil (52) angeordnet ist,
    wobei der Hydraulikkreis (36) ein Stoßdämpfersystem (54) umfasst, das mindestens einen Gasspeicher (56) beinhaltet, der mit einem zwischen der ersten Kammer (46) des Ausfahrzylinders (34) und dem Sperrventil (52) umfassten Abschnitt der ersten Hydraulikleitung (42) verbunden ist.
  2. Hubfahrzeug nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Stoßdämpfersystem (54) eine Vielzahl parallel zueinander mit einer gemeinsamen Verteilerleitung (58) verbundener Speicher (56) umfasst.
  3. Hubfahrzeug nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Speicher jeweilige Kalibrierdrücke aufweisen, die sich voneinander unterscheiden.
  4. Hubfahrzeug nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Stoßdämpfersystem (54) ein Schaltventil (64) umfasst, das die Verbindung zwischen dem mindestens einen Speicher (56) und der ersten Hydraulikleitung (42) sperrt, wenn der Ausfahrweg des Zylinders (34) einen vorab bestimmten Schwellenwert überschreitet oder wenn der Winkel des Teleskoparms (18) größer ist als ein vorab bestimmter Wert oder wenn das Stoßdämpfersystem (54) vom Bediener deaktiviert wird.
  5. Hubfahrzeug nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Stoßdämpfersystem (54) ein Druckbegrenzungsventil umfasst, welches das Hydraulikfluid in Richtung eines Ablasses presst, wenn der Druck im Speicher einen vorab bestimmten Grenzwert überschreitet.
EP16192068.1A 2015-10-09 2016-10-03 Hubfahrzeug mit einem teleskopischen hubarm mit einem stossdämpfersystem Active EP3153456B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL16192068T PL3153456T3 (pl) 2015-10-09 2016-10-03 Pojazd podnośnikowy z teleskopowym ramieniem podnośnikowym z systemem amortyzacji wstrząsów

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITUB2015A004253A ITUB20154253A1 (it) 2015-10-09 2015-10-09 Veicolo sollevatore con un braccio di sollevamento telescopico provvisto di un sistema ammortizzatore

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3153456A1 EP3153456A1 (de) 2017-04-12
EP3153456B1 true EP3153456B1 (de) 2019-06-19

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ID=55273345

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP16192068.1A Active EP3153456B1 (de) 2015-10-09 2016-10-03 Hubfahrzeug mit einem teleskopischen hubarm mit einem stossdämpfersystem

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3153456B1 (de)
ES (1) ES2743708T3 (de)
IT (1) ITUB20154253A1 (de)
PL (1) PL3153456T3 (de)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102017208029A1 (de) * 2017-05-12 2018-11-15 Robert Bosch Gmbh Variabler einstellbarer Störfalldämpfer für ein Hubwerk und Hubwerk
WO2019210341A1 (de) 2018-05-04 2019-11-07 Palfinger Ag Hydrauliksystem
DE102019120504A1 (de) * 2019-07-30 2021-02-04 Linde Material Handling Gmbh Flurförderzeug mit einer Hubvorrichtung

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1347026A (fr) * 1962-08-27 1963-12-27 S F E R M A Soc Fr D Entretien Perfectionnements aux installations hydrauliques à pressions multiples
US4280589A (en) * 1980-01-31 1981-07-28 Merrick John A Elevating device
ATE425118T1 (de) * 2005-06-15 2009-03-15 Bosch Rexroth Oil Control S P Hydraulische vorrichtung zum heben und senken eines an einer arbeitsmaschine schwenkbaren arms
EP2836654B1 (de) * 2012-04-11 2017-06-07 Clark Equipment Company Hebearmaufhängungssystem für eine kraftmaschine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3153456A1 (de) 2017-04-12
ITUB20154253A1 (it) 2017-04-09
PL3153456T3 (pl) 2019-11-29
ES2743708T3 (es) 2020-02-20

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