EP3152016B1 - Procédé de fabriquer un contreplaqué, et contreplaqué - Google Patents

Procédé de fabriquer un contreplaqué, et contreplaqué Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3152016B1
EP3152016B1 EP14739497.7A EP14739497A EP3152016B1 EP 3152016 B1 EP3152016 B1 EP 3152016B1 EP 14739497 A EP14739497 A EP 14739497A EP 3152016 B1 EP3152016 B1 EP 3152016B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
veneers
plywood
grain
veneer
veneer layers
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EP14739497.7A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3152016A1 (fr
Inventor
Simo Koponen
Jani KIURU
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UPM Plywood Oy
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UPM Plywood Oy
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Priority to PL14739497T priority Critical patent/PL3152016T3/pl
Publication of EP3152016A1 publication Critical patent/EP3152016A1/fr
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27D—WORKING VENEER OR PLYWOOD
    • B27D1/00—Joining wood veneer with any material; Forming articles thereby; Preparatory processing of surfaces to be joined, e.g. scoring
    • B27D1/04—Joining wood veneer with any material; Forming articles thereby; Preparatory processing of surfaces to be joined, e.g. scoring to produce plywood or articles made therefrom; Plywood sheets

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for manufacturing plywood from wood veneers.
  • the invention also relates to plywood comprising a plurality of veneer layers stacked on top of another and glued together with a thermosetting adhesive including water or an adhesive composition including water. Further, the invention relates to the use of plywood according to the present invention.
  • plywood In general, plywood consists of three or more veneer layers, most of which are laid with their grain at right angle to their adjacent veneer layers so that the veneer layers form a cross-bonded structure.
  • laminated veneer lumber LDL is a strongly orientated wooden product, having normally the grain direction of all the veneer layers in parallel to each other.
  • Document EP 2 705 950 A1 discloses plywood and a method for manufacturing plywood.
  • the method comprises forming veneer layers of the plywood by laying veneers of wood material on top of the other such that each veneer layer of the plywood comprises at least one veneer, the number of the veneer layers in the plywood being 12 to 44, applying an adhesive between the veneer layers when the veneers are laid on top of the other, and hot-pressing the veneer layers together, wherein the veneers are laid such that in 25 to 38.4% of the veneer layers a grain direction in the veneer layers is perpendicular to the first principal strength direction of the plywood and the grain direction of the veneer(s) in at least one veneer layer among three topmost veneer layers or among three bottorn veneer layers is crosswise to a grain direction of the veneer(s) in at least one other veneer layer among the three topmost or three bottom veneer layers.
  • plywood is manufactured from wood veneers using a method that comprises:
  • the average density (as measured before adhesive application and hot pressing) of the veneers included in the plywood billet is at least 550 kg/m 3 , preferably at least 570 kg/m 3 .
  • the veneers are sorted so that the average density (as measured before adhesive application and hot pressing) of the veneers used as oriented veneers is at least 3%, preferably at least 4%, more preferably at least 5% higher than the average density of the veneers used as interior veneers.
  • the number of veneers included in the plywood billet is at least 9, preferably at least 13, more preferably at least 15.
  • the number of veneers included in the plywood billet is from 11 to 15. This kind of plywood is suitable for use in concrete forms.
  • the number of veneers included in the plywood billet is from 15 to 29, preferably from 17 to 25.
  • This kind of plywood is suitable for use in floorings of the cargo space of trucks, trailers and railway carriages.
  • the number of oriented veneers laid next to each surface veneer is identical.
  • the number of oriented veneers laid next to each surface veneer can be four, three or two, most preferably three.
  • all the veneers included in the plywood billet are of the same wood species.
  • This wood species can be, for instance, birch or beech, most preferably birch.
  • each veneer of the plurality of interior veneers is laid so that it has a grain direction which is perpendicular to the grain of both its adjacent veneers. This structure is normally used when the number of interior veneers is odd.
  • two veneers of the plurality of interior veneers are laid so that they have a grain direction which is parallel to that of an adjacent veneer, whereas all the other veneers of the plurality of interior veneers are laid so that they have a grain direction which is perpendicular to the grain of their adjacent veneers.
  • This structure is normally used when the number of interior veneers is even.
  • the adhesive may comprise a thermosetting resin.
  • the adhesive includes water.
  • the adhesive may comprise a thermosetting resin including water.
  • the adhesive is a phenolic resin in liquid form.
  • the water content of the liquid binder composition used for gluing together the veneers can be 40 - 60%, preferably 43 - 55%.
  • a coating is provided on at least one side of plywood, preferably on both sides.
  • Plywood can be coated with a thermosetting resin, or a cellulose film impregnated with a thermosetting resin.
  • the coating comprises thermosetting resin.
  • the thermosetting resin can comprise, for instance, a phenolic resin.
  • the plywood comprises a plurality of veneer layers stacked on top of another and glued together with a thermosetting adhesive including water or an adhesive composition including water, the veneer layers comprising:
  • the number of oriented veneer layers on both sides of plywood is identical.
  • the number of oriented veneer layers next to each surface veneer layer can be four, three or two, most preferably three.
  • the density of plywood is at least 630 kg/m 3 , preferably at least 650 kg/m 3 , more preferably at least 670 kg/m 3 .
  • the density of the oriented veneer layers is at least 2%, preferably at least 4%, more preferably at least 5% higher than the average density of the interior veneer layers.
  • a flooring for a cargo space of a freight transport vehicle or a freight transport unit of a freight transport vehicle which flooring is fastened to a chassis of the freight transport vehicle or to a chassis of the freight transport unit of a freight transport vehicle, comprises a plywood board formed of plywood panels according to the present invention or plywood panels manufactured by a method according to the present invention.
  • a flooring for a cargo space of a freight transport vehicle or a freight transport unit of a freight transport vehicle which flooring is fastened to a chassis of the freight transport vehicle or to a chassis of the freight transport unit of a freight transport vehicle, comprises a plywood board formed of two or more plywood panels manufactured by a method according to the present invention.
  • the plywood board in a concrete form comprising plywood board fastened to a framework, consists of two or more plywood panels according to the present invention or plywood panels manufactured according to the present invention.
  • the adhesive may be a thermosetting resin.
  • the adhesive is an adhesive composition including water.
  • the adhesive is a thermosetting adhesive including water.
  • the adhesive is a phenolic resin in liquid form.
  • a coating is provided on at least one side of plywood, preferably on both sides of plywood.
  • the coating comprises thermosetting resin.
  • the thermosetting resin is impregnated in a cellulose film.
  • the coating comprises phenolic resin.
  • the thickness of plywood is at least 10 mm, preferably at least 15 mm, more preferably at least 17 mm. In an embodiment of plywood, the thickness of plywood is from 15 mm to 20 mm. In an embodiment of plywood, the thickness of plywood is from 20 mm to 40 mm, preferably from 25 mm to 35 mm.
  • the plywood can be manufactured by a method according to the present invention.
  • the term "veneer” is used to refer to a thin sheet of wood material peeled from a log.
  • the veneer thickness is normally 0.8-2.0 mm, more preferably 1.0-1.8 mm, most preferably 1.2-1.6 mm.
  • a typical thickness of birch veneer is 1.4 mm.
  • the "average density" of veneers has been measured from a plurality of veneers dried into a moisture content of about 3%, before gluing and hot pressing. That is to say, the average density represents the density of dried veneers before they are stacked into a plywood billet. It is well known that the density of individual veneers peeled from the same log can vary widely.
  • veneer layer is used to refer to a veneer layer in plywood after gluing and hot-pressing. Consequently, the density of veneer layers is influenced by the adhesive applied between the veneers and compression of the veneers during hot pressing.
  • cross-bonded structure is used to denote a plywood structure in which either all the veneers are cross-bonded or all but one pair of veneers are cross-bonded.
  • oriented veneers and “oriented veneer layers” are used to refer to a group of adjacent veneers or veneer layers having a similar orientation of grain.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows one embodiment of plywood.
  • Plywood 1 comprises, from face to center X, a surface veneer layer A in which the grain is in a first direction, three oriented veneer layers B in which the grain is in a second direction, which is perpendicular to the grain of the surface veneer layer A, and a plurality of interior veneer layers C in which the grain is alternately in the first direction and the second direction so that the interior veneer layers C form a cross-bonded structure.
  • the first grain direction (indicated with vertical stripes) is perpendicular to the plane of paper
  • the second direction non-striped area
  • the thermosetting adhesive can be, for instance, a phenolic resin.
  • Both faces of plywood are provided with a coating 2, which can be, for instance, in the form of a cellulose film impregnated with a thermosetting resin including water.
  • the thermosetting resin can be, for instance, a phenolic resin.
  • Plywood is manufactured from veneers which have been peeled from a log and dried to a desired moisture content. Some of the veneers are passed through a glue spreader where a thermosetting adhesive is applied on both sides of the veneer. Veneers are stacked on top of another in a preselected order and orientation to produce a laid-up assembly of veneers, so called plywood billet. The plywood billet is subjected to hot pressing which is carried out between heated metal plates. During hot pressing the veneers are consolidated and the thermosetting adhesive between them is cured. After hot pressing plywood is sanded to reach a desired thickness. Finally, a coating can be applied on one or both surfaces of plywood. The coating material can be applied in liquid form or in the form of a cellulose film, or paper, impregnated with the coating material. Further, at least one of the coated surfaces can be provided with a surface profiling to increase the friction of the surface.
  • Hot pressing has two main objectives: to press the glue into a thin layer over (and into) each veneer, and to activate the thermosetting adhesive. At the same time, water contained in the adhesive evaporates and penetrates into the veneers. The veneers first swell and then, after the vapor starts to release from the plywood billet, shrink.
  • Hot pressing can be carried out with a stepwise or a steplessly lowering pressure.
  • a high peak pressure is applied for a short time to bring the veneers together and to spread the adhesive between the veneers.
  • the pressure is reduced to about half of the peak pressure.
  • a low end pressure is applied in order that water vapor can escape from the plywood billet.
  • the temperature of press plates is typically around 130°C.
  • the pressure and duration of pressing depend on the number of veneers and, thus, the thickness of plywood.
  • the target is to raise the temperature in the center of the plywood billet to at least 100°C so that all the free water can be made to evaporate.
  • the number of veneer sheets stacked into a plywood billet is generally selected so that a predetermined plywood thickness can be reached after hot pressing.
  • the fine adjustment of plywood thickness is then to be carried out by sanding plywood in a finishing step.
  • the plywood thickness tends to vary after hot pressing even though the number of veneers included in the plywood billet is kept constant. For example, when producing a plurality of birch plywood panels consisting of 13 veneer layers, the thickness of the plywood panel after 30 minutes of hot pressing was discovered to vary in a range from 16.9 mm to 18.4 mm.
  • Figure 2 shows how a veneer's location in a plywood lay-up influences on the compression of the veneer during hot pressing.
  • the test was carried out with a plurality of cross-bonded plywood lay-ups, each consisting of 13 birch veneers.
  • the target thickness of plywood after hot pressing was 18 mm.
  • Figure 2 clearly shows that the second, third and fourth veneers from the surface are compressed the most. In this test all the veneers were cross-bonded. If the second, third and fourth veneers were oriented (with the same grain direction), their compression would have been even higher.
  • High density veneers are able to absorb more water vapor than low density veneers.
  • high density veneers compress less during the high pressure stage (pressure over 1 MPa) when they dry.
  • the compressibility of the selected high density veneers is also more predictable than the compressibility of randomly selected interior veneers.
  • the compressibility of individual veneers has been found to depend on their density and their location in the veneer lay-up. Hence, if veneers of low density and veneers of high density are randomly used at a position where the compression of the veneer tends to be high, the variation of plywood thickness after hot pressing can be expected to be high.
  • Plywood according to the present invention is preferably manufactured from veneers with a density of at least 550 kg/m 3 , preferably 570 kg/m 3 (measured at moisture content of 3%).
  • Suitable wood species include, for instance, birch and beech.
  • Preferably all the veneers of plywood are of the same wood species.
  • the veneers used as oriented veneers can have an average density which is at least 3%, preferably at least 4%, more preferably at least 5% higher than the average density of the veneers used as interior veneers.
  • the density of the plywood according to the present invention can be at least 630 kg/m 3 , preferably at least 650 kg/m 3 , more preferably at least 670 kg/m 3 (measured at moisture content of 10%).
  • the average density of the oriented veneer layers can be at least 2%, preferably at least 4%, more preferably at least 5% higher than the average density of the interior veneer layers.
  • Figure 1 shows one possible embodiment of plywood structure. It has to be noted that the structure need not be fully symmetrical if warping of plywood can be prevented by other means. It is of higher importance that the number of oriented high-density veneer layers is the same next to each surface veneer layer.
  • Figures 3(a) to 3(f) schematically show six further embodiments of plywood.
  • horizontal strokes denote veneer layers having their grain direction oriented parallel to the plane of paper
  • vertical strokes denote veneer layers having their grain direction oriented at perpendicular to the plane of paper.
  • Figure 3(a) schematically shows plywood having a surface veneer layer A on each side, four oriented veneer layers B next to each surface veneer layer A, and 11 interior veneer layers C which are cross-bonded.
  • the grain of the oriented veneer layers B is perpendicular to the grain of the surface veneer layers A.
  • Each interior veneer layer C has a grain direction which is perpendicular to the grain direction of its two closest veneer layers.
  • the average density of the oriented veneer layers B is higher than the average density of the interior veneer layers C.
  • the total number of veneer layers is 21.
  • Figure 3(b) schematically shows plywood which differs from plywood of Figure 3(a) in that the number of oriented veneer layers B next to each surface veneer layer A is three. The total number of veneer layers is 19.
  • Figure 3(c) schematically shows plywood which differs from plywood of Figure 3(a) in that the number of oriented veneer layers B next to each surface veneer layer A is two. The total number of veneer layers is 17.
  • Figure 3(d) schematically shows plywood which differs from plywood of Figure 3(a) in that the number of interior veneer layers C is an even number. Consequently, there needs to be two interior veneer layers next to each other arranged to have parallel grain direction. The veneer layers having parallel grain direction need not be the middlemost veneer layers. The total number of veneer layers is 20.
  • Figure 3(e) schematically shows plywood which differs from plywood of Figure 3(d) in that the number of oriented veneer layers B next to each surface veneer layer A is three. The total number of veneer layers is 18.
  • Figure 3(f) schematically shows plywood which differs from plywood of Figure 3(d) in that the number of oriented veneer layers B next to each surface veneer layer A is two. The total number of veneer layers is 16.
  • the number of interior veneer layers C can be different from those shown in Figure 1 or Figures 3(a) to 3(f) .
  • a minimum of three interior layers C is needed to produce a cross-bonded plywood structure. Consequently, the number of veneer layers is at least 9, preferably at least 13, more preferably at least 15.
  • the number of veneer layers can range from 11 to 15.
  • the number of veneer layers can range from 17 to 25.
  • Sanding reduces the thickness of surface veneer layers A, thus the total thickness of plywood is also reduced.
  • the surface veneer layers A tend to form an unstable base for coating.
  • the instability of the surface veneer layer can lead to cracking of the surface veneer layer A or delamination of the coating 2. If the thickness of the surface veneer layer A can be kept as intact as possible by minimizing the need for sanding, a uniform and stable coating 2 can be obtained.
  • the predictability of plywood thickness after hot pressing can be improved by selecting the oriented veneers so that their average density is higher than the average density of the plurality of interior veneers. Consequently, the compressibility of the plywood billet comes up to expectations, less extra veneers are needed to reach a desired plywood thickness, and sanding of plywood to reach a desired nominal thickness can be kept at a minimum.
  • the present invention allows minimizing material losses due to sanding. Normally the sanding loss is about 0.6-2 mm, but the new method enables lowering the sanding loss to about 0.3-1 mm.
  • Plywood according to the present invention is suitable for use as flooring in the cargo space of a freight transport vehicle or a freight transport unit of a freight transport vehicle, which flooring is fastened to a chassis of the freight transport vehicle or to a chassis of the freight transport unit of a freight transport vehicle.
  • a trailer or another similar freight transport unit of a freight transport vehicle is loaded and unloaded with a forklift, which is driven on and off the cargo space of the trailer.
  • the surface of the flooring is subjected to repeated abrasion, wear and tear and alternating stresses. Further, the surface of the flooring, which consists of two or more plywood panels joined side by side, must be free of steps or dents.
  • Plywood according to the present invention is also suitable for use in the manufacture of concrete forms in which plywood panels are fastened to a framework, which supports plywood against the pressure of concrete poured on the opposite side of plywood.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Veneer Processing And Manufacture Of Plywood (AREA)

Claims (17)

  1. Procédé de fabrication d'un contreplaqué à partir de placages de bois, le procédé comprenant :
    - l'application d'un adhésif sur certains des placages, l'adhésif comprenant une résine thermodurcissable incluant de l'eau ou une composition adhésive incluant de l'eau,
    - la disposition des placages les uns sur les autres afin de produire un rondin en contreplaqué qui comprend un placage de surface (A) dans le fond et sur le haut du rondin de contreplaqué, les placages de surface (A) ayant leur grain orienté dans une première direction ; de deux à quatre placages orientés (B) près de chaque placage de surface (A), les placages orientés (B) ayant leur grain orienté dans une seconde direction qui est perpendiculaire à ladite première direction ; et une pluralité de placages intérieurs (C) ayant leur grain alternativement dans la première direction et dans la seconde direction de sorte que les placages intérieurs (C) forment une structure réticulée ; dans lequel les placages sont sélectionnés de sorte que la densité moyenne des placages orientés (B) soit supérieure à la densité moyenne de la pluralité des placages intérieurs (C),
    - une pression à chaud du rondin en contreplaqué pour coller les placages ensemble, dans lequel l'eau de connexion provenant de l'adhésif se vaporise, pénètre dans les placages et enfin s'en échappe, et les placages se compriment, et
    - le sablage du contreplaqué pour atteindre l'épaisseur souhaitée de contreplaqué.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel les placages sont triés de sorte que la densité moyenne (telle que mesurée avant l'application de l'adhésif et la pression à chaud) des placages utilisés comme des placages orientés (B) soit au moins de 3 %, de préférence au moins de 4 %, de manière davantage préférée au moins de 5 % supérieure à la densité moyenne des placages utilisés comme placages intérieurs (C).
  3. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 2, dans lequel tous les placages inclus dans le rondin de contreplaqué sont de la même espèce de bois.
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 3, dans lequel tous les placages inclus dans le rondin de contreplaqué sont en bouleau.
  5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, dans lequel chaque placage de la pluralité de placages intérieurs (C) est disposé de sorte qu'il ait une direction de grain perpendiculaire au grain de ses deux placages adjacents, ou tous sauf deux placages intérieurs sont disposés de sorte qu'ils aient une direction de grain perpendiculaire au grain de leurs deux placages adjacents, auquel cas deux placages de la pluralité de placages intérieurs (C) sont disposés de façon à avoir une direction de grain parallèle au grain de l'un de leurs placages adjacents.
  6. Procédé selon la revendication 5, dans lequel chaque placage de la pluralité de placages intérieurs (C) est disposé de façon à avoir une direction de grain qui est perpendiculaire au grain de ses deux placages adjacents.
  7. Procédé selon la revendication 5, dans lequel deux placages de la pluralité de placages intérieurs (C) sont disposés de façon à avoir une direction de grain qui est parallèle à celle d'un placage adjacent, tandis que tous les autres placages de la pluralité de placages intérieurs (C) sont disposés de façon à avoir une direction de grain qui est perpendiculaire au grain de leurs placages adjacents.
  8. Contreplaqué comprenant une pluralité de couches de placage empilées les unes sur les autres, et collées ensemble avec un adhésif thermodurcissable incluant de l'eau ou une composition adhésive incluant de l'eau, les couches de placage comprenant :
    - une couche de placage de surface (A) des deux côtés opposés du contreplaqué (1), les couches de placage de surface (A) ayant leur grain orienté dans une première direction ;
    - de deux à quatre couches de placages orientés (B) près de chaque couche de placage de surface (A), les couches de placages orientés (B) ayant leur grain orienté dans une seconde direction, qui est perpendiculaire à ladite première direction ;
    - une pluralité de couches de placages intérieurs (C) ayant leur grain orienté alternativement dans la première direction et dans la seconde direction de sorte que les couches de placages intérieurs (C) forment une structure réticulée ;
    caractérisé en ce que
    la densité moyenne des couches de placages orientés (B) soit supérieure à la densité moyenne de la pluralité de couches de placages intérieurs (C) dans lequel la densité moyenne représente la densité des placages séchés avant qu'ils ne soient empilés dans un rondin de contreplaqué.
  9. Contreplaqué selon la revendication 8, dans lequel toutes les couches de placage (A, B, C) sont de la même espèce de bois.
  10. Contreplaqué selon la revendication 9, dans lequel toutes les couches de placage (A, B, C) sont en bouleau.
  11. Contreplaqué selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8 à 10 dans lequel la densité du contreplaqué (1) est d'au moins 630 kg/m3, de préférence d'au moins 650 kg/m3, de manière davantage préférée d'au moins 670 kg/m3.
  12. Contreplaqué selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8 à 10, dans lequel la densité moyenne des couches de placages orientés (B) est d'au moins 2 %, de préférence d'au moins 4 %, de manière davantage préférée d'au moins 5 % supérieure à la densité moyenne des couches de placages intérieurs (C).
  13. Contreplaqué selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8 à 12, dans lequel chaque couche de placage de la pluralité de couches de placages intérieurs (C) a une direction de grain qui est perpendiculaire au grain de ses deux couches de placage adjacentes, ou tous sauf deux parmi la pluralité des couches de placages intérieurs (C) ont une direction de grain qui est perpendiculaire au grain de leurs deux couches de placage adjacentes, les deux couches de placage anormales ayant une direction de grain qui est parallèle au grain de l'une de leurs couches de placage adjacentes.
  14. Contreplaqué selon la revendication 13, dans lequel chaque couche de placage de la pluralité des couches de placages intérieurs (C) a une direction de grain qui est perpendiculaire au grain de ses deux couches de placage adjacentes.
  15. Contreplaqué selon la revendication 13, dans lequel deux couches de placage de la pluralité des couches de placages intérieurs (C) ont une direction de grain qui est parallèle à une couche de placage proche d'elles, tandis que toutes les autres couches de placage de la pluralité de couches de placages intérieurs (C) ont une direction de grain qui est perpendiculaire au grain de leurs deux couches de placage adjacentes.
  16. Revêtement de sol pour un espace de chargement d'un véhicule de transport de fret ou d'une unité de transport de fret d'un véhicule de transport de fret, ledit revêtement de sol étant fixé à un châssis du véhicule de transport de fret ou à un châssis de l'unité de transport de fret d'un véhicule de transport de fret, dans lequel le revêtement de sol comprend un panneau en contreplaqué formé de deux panneaux ou plus de contreplaqué selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8 à 15.
  17. Forme de béton comprenant un panneau de contreplaqué fixé à un cadre, dans lequel le panneau de contreplaqué est constitué de deux panneaux de contreplaqué ou plus selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8 à 15.
EP14739497.7A 2014-06-04 2014-06-04 Procédé de fabriquer un contreplaqué, et contreplaqué Active EP3152016B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL14739497T PL3152016T3 (pl) 2014-06-04 2014-06-04 Sposób wytwarzania sklejki i sklejka

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PCT/FI2014/050453 WO2015185789A1 (fr) 2014-06-04 2014-06-04 Procédé de fabriquer un contreplaqué, et contreplaqué

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EP3152016A1 EP3152016A1 (fr) 2017-04-12
EP3152016B1 true EP3152016B1 (fr) 2018-11-14

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3272522B1 (fr) * 2016-07-20 2020-05-27 UPM Plywood Oy Panneau de contreplaqué revêtu, procédé de revêtement d'un panneau de contreplaqué et dispositif de revêtement d'un panneau de contreplaqué
JP7201472B2 (ja) * 2019-02-20 2023-01-10 後藤木材株式会社 建築板
SE2051271A1 (en) * 2020-11-02 2022-04-26 Modvion Ab Method for producing a laminated veneer lumber board

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CN1200860C (zh) * 2003-08-27 2005-05-11 南京林业大学 一种集装箱底板及其制造方法
EP2705950B1 (fr) * 2012-09-07 2017-07-19 UPM Plywood Oy Contreplaqué
DE202013103959U1 (de) * 2012-09-07 2013-11-20 Upm-Kymmene Wood Oy Sperrholz

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WO2015185789A1 (fr) 2015-12-10
EP3152016A1 (fr) 2017-04-12

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