EP3150936B1 - Air outlet and method for operating the air outlet - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to an air outlet in the form of a hollow body, which has a jacket surface and opposing end faces, the jacket surface being provided with air outlet openings and one of the end surfaces having an air inlet, at full load the air outlet openings in an upper area of the hollow body as mixed air outlet openings and in a lower one Area of the hollow body serve as displacement air outlet openings, and the full load is defined by the size of an air volume flow of the air supplied to the air inlet.

Such air outlets are known; they are used in particular for ventilation, heating and / or cooling of industrially used rooms, for example halls. In particular, the above statements also apply to the subject matter of the invention.

The known air outlets are operated with a constant air volume flow, that is, a constant volume flow of the air enters their air inlet. Depending on the application, different, large air outlets are available for different constant volume flows. Usually five to six sizes are offered. Depending on the particular operating mode, that is to say ventilation, heating or cooling, an adjustment takes place, namely such that the bottom of the hollow body is opened when heated and closed when cooled. By opening the floor, the warm air can get into the floor area of the room to be heated. When cooling, the cool air automatically sinks to the floor area.

The EP 0 683 361 A2 shows such an air outlet with the features of the preamble of claim 1 and a method for operating an air outlet with the features of the preamble of claim 25.

In the known solution, a drive for opening and closing the floor is required. Furthermore, the air distribution in the room to be ventilated, cooled and / or heated is in need of improvement.

The invention therefore has the object of avoiding the disadvantages mentioned above.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by an air outlet with the features of claim 1 and by a method for operating an air outlet with the features of claim 25. For this purpose, it is provided that an adjusting device arranged inside the hollow body, which keeps the pressure of the air inside this or an upper area so high even at partial load that mixed air continues to exit from at least a portion of the air outlet openings. In the invention, even with a variable volume flow supplied to the air inlet, a division into a mixed air volume flow and a source volume flow should be set / regulated so that mixed air ventilation is always ensured, i.e. it works in the case of ventilation, heating and / or cooling and also in the partial load range . Said mixed air volume flow relates to the air that exits the air outlet openings as mixed air, so that these air outlet openings serve as mixed air outlet openings, and the said source air volume flow relates to the air that emerges as source air from the corresponding air outlet openings, so that these serve as source air outlet openings. By feeding the air into the air inlet, there is a certain pressure of the air inside the hollow body which, in the case of a full load, causes the air in the upper area of the hollow body to exit the air outlet openings at high speed as air jets that induce room air, as a result, the air mixes up in the room to be ventilated. The term "mixed air" results from this. Towards the bottom, i.e. further away from the air inlet of the hollow body, there is a correspondingly lower pressure inside the hollow body, such that the air present there exits the air outlet openings there at a lower speed, namely induction-free, so that the swelling air is present here. If the air outlet is now fed with a lower volume flow than at full load, the pressure inside the hollow body would also decrease in the upper area, for example to such an extent that the air emerging from the air outlet openings in this area no longer has sufficient speed to induce induction to bring about that there is no more mixed air there. In order to prevent this, the control device is provided in the interior of the hollow body according to the invention, which keeps the prevailing pressure of the air in the upper area of the hollow body so high, even under partial load, that mixed air continues to exit from at least a portion of the air outlet openings located there, the air distribution mentioned remains, namely the exit of mixed air from the corresponding upper area and the exit of source air from the corresponding lower area of the lateral surface of the hollow body. The wording "this or an upper area" means that the upper area that emits mixed air at full load is the same upper, mixed air ejecting area at partial load or another upper area, for example a shortening or lengthening of the upper area, where the lower area changes accordingly.

According to a further development of the invention, it is provided that the adjusting device is a throttle device that is adjustable in its air passage cross section. Because the air passage cross-section can be influenced and, with the air passage cross-section appropriately closed, the pressure of the air increases in front of the throttle device (dynamic pressure), it is possible to keep the pressure of the air correspondingly high upstream of the throttle device, so that the aforementioned effect, namely the The outlet of mixed air is retained even under partial load conditions. The adjustment (controlled or regulated) of the air passage cross-section can take place in stages or continuously.

The adjusting device of the invention, in particular the throttle device, is always designed in all the exemplary embodiments in such a way that it does not have an absolutely closing effect even in its closed position, but rather leaves a small air passage cross-section, so that a correspondingly small proportion of the air supplied to the air inlet pass the adjusting device and in can reach the lower area of the hollow body in order to be able to exit there as swelling air. Thus, when a closed control device / throttle device is spoken of in this application, the aforementioned state is meant.

It is preferably provided that the adjusting device is a throttle device which can be adjusted in its position in the hollow body. Due to the throttling effect of the throttle device, there is an increase in the pressure of the air in front of it, i.e. the air pressure (dynamic pressure) rises upstream of the throttle device in the interior of the hollow cylinder, the position of the throttle device being adjusted depending on the size of the partial load. Is a partial load operation with a relatively large Volume flow before, it is sufficient to move the throttle device to a position relatively far away from the air inlet, the air pressure upstream of it still being sufficient to allow mixed air to exit from at least a portion of the air outlet openings located there. If partial load operation is set, in which a relatively small volume flow flows into the air inlet, the position of the adjustable throttle device is shifted closer to the air inlet in order to bring about the desired pressure increase for mixed air operation upstream.

Of course, it is also possible to use an adjusting device which enables both an adjustment in the air passage cross-section and which can be displaced in the position within the hollow body.

According to a further development of the invention it is provided that the end face opposite the air inlet is designed as a bottom, the bottom being closed or essentially closed. The feature of the closed bottom is intended in particular to make it clear that no adjustable bottom is absolutely necessary (although it could still be present in a special embodiment of the invention). If the heating operation is carried out in the prior art, the floor is opened in the known air outlets. This switchover, that is to say the opening of the floor and the closing of the floor, is not required in the subject matter of the invention. Nevertheless, all modes of operation (ventilation, cooling, heating) can be carried out with the device according to the invention, both at full load and at part load, and due to the above-mentioned air distribution present in the invention is always (i.e. in the three operating modes mentioned and both at full load as well as at part load) creates a pleasant room climate. The above-mentioned formulation of the "essentially closed" floor is intended to make it clear that even if there is at least one air outlet opening in the floor, the success according to the invention is nevertheless achieved and that a certain air outlet in the area of the floor nevertheless leads to the result according to the invention. Particularly preferred in the invention is the embodiment that the bottom is completely closed.

According to a further development of the invention it is provided that the hollow body has a longitudinal axis leading from the air inlet to the floor and that the adjustment of the Position of the throttle device takes place along the longitudinal axis of the hollow body. Since the air inlet is at one end of the hollow body and - preferably opposite - the bottom at the other end of the hollow body, the longitudinal axis runs from one end to the other end, the adjustment along the longitudinal axis will therefore lead to the Depending on the position, the throttle device is either closer to the air inlet and further away from the floor or closer to the floor and thus further away from the air inlet. Any number of intermediate positions can be approached continuously. Mixed air operation must always be implemented.

It is advantageous if the adjusting device is arranged between an upper and a lower zone of the hollow body. This statement is to be understood in such a way that the upper zone of the hollow body is formed above the actuating device, that is to say upstream of it, and the lower zone of the hollow body is formed below the actuating device, that is to say downstream of the actuating device. If the actuating device can be displaced along the longitudinal axis of the hollow body with regard to its position, the respective zone changes with the displacement of the actuating device, for example the upper zone becomes larger and accordingly the lower zone smaller or vice versa. It is to be distinguished from these zones that the mentioned areas, i.e. the upper area and the lower area of the hollow body, mark the exit of the air type. Mixed air exits in the upper area of the hollow body and displacement air in the lower area. If the pressure conditions inside the hollow body are such that above, i.e. upstream of the actuating device, the pressure in the upper zone is not sufficient to allow mixed air to escape everywhere, the upper zone can be divided into an upper area from which mixed air exits, and into a part below, which belongs to the lower area, from which the displacement air exits. Displacement air then also emerges below the actuating device. As a result, the function of corresponding air outlet openings changes in that they either serve as mixed air outlet openings or as displacement air outlet openings. The term “section” must also be distinguished from the terms “zone” and “area” explained. As will be explained below, there is an upper section and a lower section of the hollow body, the term "section" relating to the construction of the air outlet, namely in at least one Exemplary embodiment with, for example, a polygonal cylinder (upper section) and, for example, a circular cylinder (lower section).

According to a further development of the invention, it is provided that the adjusting device is a throttle device that can be adjusted manually, by motor and / or automatically with regard to the air passage cross section and / or the local position depending on the load condition. “Motorized” means that the air passage cross section and / or the spatial position is changed by means of a drive device, for example an electric drive device. At least one sensor is preferably provided which senses the load case, that is to say the full load or the corresponding partial load, and intervenes accordingly in a motorized manner. In the case of manual adjustment of the throttle device, an adjustment to be made manually by the user occurs instead of the drive device. In the case of the automatically adjustable throttle device, this case being particularly preferred, the adjustment with regard to the air passage cross section and / or the local position takes place without a drive device being present and without manual actuation. Rather, a parameter of the present load case, in particular a parameter resulting from the supplied volume flow, particularly preferably the pressure inside the hollow body, is used to automatically adjust the throttle device with regard to its air passage cross-section and / or its position. For this purpose, the pressure acts on a throttle element of the throttle device and influences the setting of the air passage cross-section (in particular, for example, by acting on a throttle valve preloaded in a preferred position) and / or the pressure displaces the throttle element (in particular, for example, by relocating the throttle element preloaded in a preferred direction).

A further development of the invention provides that the actuating device is mounted in the hollow body so that it can be displaced in position along the longitudinal axis, in particular in the direction of the floor, against the force of an energy store. The adjusting device is acted upon by the force of the energy accumulator and is thereby pushed into a predetermined position when there is no load, in particular an initial position provided with a stop. If the load is increased, this leads to the fact that the air pressure in the interior of the hollow body, namely on the upstream side of the actuating device, increases, with the result that as a result, the adjusting device is displaced against the force of the energy store. Depending on the pressure (dynamic pressure), a corresponding position of the actuating device will thus result automatically. The higher the load case, the further the position changes from the starting position of the no-load case, with the actuating device preferably being shifted along the longitudinal axis, specifically in the direction of the ground, i.e. downwards. In this way, in accordance with the displacement of the adjusting device, at least a portion of the air outlet openings located upstream of the actuating device become mixed air outlet openings. All other air vents become displacement air vents.

According to a further development of the invention it is provided that the throttle device has at least one throttle element adjustable in the air passage cross section. The throttle element can preferably be adjustable in the air passage cross-section manually, by motor and / or automatically, in particular against the force of an energy storage device. Depending on the setting of the air passage cross-section, the pressure conditions are established in the hollow body, the procedure being that upstream of the throttle element, the pressure in the upper area is sufficiently high to expel mixed air from the air outlet openings located there. Due to the lower air pressure, source air is output from all other air outlet openings, in particular the air outlet openings located downstream of the throttle element. The definitions already explained above apply to the terms “manual, motorized and automatic”. The pressure conditions in the hollow body can also be set in such a way that all air outlet openings located upstream of the throttle element emit mixed air, i.e. the upper area corresponds to the upper zone, and that all air outlet openings located downstream of the throttle element emit source air, that is, the lower area corresponds to the lower area Zone of the hollow body.

As already explained, the displacement with respect to the position and / or the adjustment with respect to the air passage cross section of the adjusting device, in particular the throttle element, takes place by a force resulting from the dynamic pressure of the air acting on the adjusting device, in particular the throttle element, i.e. the force inside of the hollow body existing pressure conditions upstream or downstream of the actuating device.

It can preferably be provided that the throttle element is a position-displaceable plate, in particular a plate, a flap mounted pivotably on the edge, a centrally or approximately centrally mounted double flap, a diaphragm and / or a butterfly valve. The position-displaceable flap, in particular the plate, virtually act as a baffle, with the position shifting, preferably against the force of the energy storage device, taking place due to the dynamic pressure. In the case of the above-mentioned flap pivotably mounted on the edge, a throttling of the air flow within the hollow body is produced as a function of the flap angle. If the flap is closed, a large part of the air escapes in the upper zone of the hollow body. A remaining, small part of the air escapes downstream of the flap, i.e. in the lower zone. The dimensions of the flap are selected in such a way that the airway is not completely closed, but rather that air can still pass through when the flap is in the closed position. Alternatively, the procedure can also be such that the flap would completely close the airway in a closed position, but that the flap does not reach this end position, but nevertheless remains slightly open in the maximally closed position. When the flap is fully open, it depends on the pressure profile along the longitudinal axis of the hollow body, which of the air outlet openings act as mixed air outlet openings and which act as displacement air outlet openings.

A centrally or approximately centrally mounted double flap can be provided as a throttle element. Such a double flap is designed like a rocker. The mentioned screen is preferably arranged transversely to the longitudinal axis of the hollow body. The butterfly valve has a central or approximately central bearing point for the valve leaves. With regard to the positionally displaceable plate, in particular the plate, the flap pivotably mounted on the edge and the butterfly flap, it is conceivable to use an energy storage device / energy storage device, that is, a correspondingly wide displacement and / or opening occurs only against the force of the energy storage device / energy storage device The air passage cross-section of the throttle element increases accordingly.

In particular, a tension spring, a compression spring, a torsion spring, in particular a helical spring or helical spring, are used as the energy storage device and / or energy storage device. For example, the compression spring can act on the position-displaceable plate. The compression spring is located on the downstream side of the plate. The above-mentioned torsion spring can act on the flap mounted pivotably on the edge or on the butterfly flap and urge the corresponding flap in the closing direction. Due to the increased pressure upstream of the respective flap, this is forced into a corresponding open position under the action of the energy storage device. In the case of the butterfly valve, the torsion spring can also be formed by several torsion spring elements, for example in order to act on one valve of the pair of valves.

It is preferably provided that the energy store has a tension spring which is connected to a pliable traction means and a deflection device, in particular a deflection device deflecting by 180 °, which deflects the pliable traction means. The pliable traction means is attached to the upstream side of the position-displaceable plate and leads to one end of the tension spring, the other end of which is attached to the hollow body. A deflection by 180 ° can be provided. In particular when this deflection is provided, preferably by 180 °, a counterweight can be attached to the traction means, which at least partially compensates for the weight of the throttle element, for example the position-shifting plate. The arrangement can be calibrated as a function of the balance weight.

According to a further development of the invention it is provided that the hollow body - viewed along the longitudinal axis - has two sections, the upper section being formed by a polygonal cylinder, in particular an octagonal cylinder, and the lower section being formed by a circular cylinder. The arrangement is preferably made such that the jacket surface of the polygonal cylinder has first air outlet openings and that the circular cylinder has second air outlet openings in its jacket surface. The first air outlet openings differ in terms of respect to the size of the second air outlet openings. The arrangement is such that the second air outlet openings located in the circular cylinder decrease in size along the longitudinal axis from top to bottom, that is to say in the direction of the floor. The first air outlet openings, which are located on the lateral surface of the polygonal cylinder, all have the same diameter. In particular, it is provided that the diameter of the first air outlet openings is smaller than the diameter of the smallest second air outlet openings. As an alternative or in addition, the above explanation of the effects of the sizes of the air outlet openings can also be implemented by selecting a correspondingly large number of air outlet openings located in a certain surface area.

With regard to the air outlet openings mentioned, it should be noted that in each of the exemplary embodiments mentioned it can be provided that nozzles are provided instead of openings, with corresponding opening cross-sections also being present in the nozzles.

With regard to the embodiment with a polygonal cylinder, in particular an octagonal cylinder and a circular cylinder, the operational management always proceeds in such a way that the pressure conditions inside the hollow body are set by means of the actuating device in such a way that mixed air emerges from the air outlet openings of the polygonal cylinder and displacement air from the air outlet openings of the circular cylinder. This applies to actuating devices whose air passage cross-section is adjustable and / or when the actuating device is arranged displaceably in the hollow body. Their position is then accordingly assumed, in particular automatically, in order to allow the air types mentioned to escape from the respective sections, that is to say polygonal cylinders and circular cylinders.

According to a further development of the invention it is provided that an inner cylinder is arranged in the lower section, which has air passage openings. The air located there in the inner cylinder will therefore first pass through the air passage openings of the inner cylinder, then reach the air outlet openings of the lower section of the hollow body and exit there, namely as displacement air. The inner cylinder is at a radial distance from the circular cylinder. The inner cylinder with its Air passage openings are used in particular to smooth out the flow and in particular also to ensure that the air speed is reduced.

According to a development of the invention it is provided that the free cross-sections of the air outlet openings of at least part of the hollow body and / or the free cross-sections of the passage openings of the inner cylinder - seen in the direction of the longitudinal axis to the air inlet to the floor - decrease. This ensures that only the respective flow form (mixed air or displacement air) emerges in the upper and lower area. As an alternative or in addition, it can be provided that the above explanation of the effects of the free cross-sections of the air outlet openings or passage openings are also implemented by selecting a correspondingly large number of air outlet openings located in a certain area.

It is preferably provided that at least in an upper part of the lower section of the hollow body an aperture ring or several aperture rings spaced apart in the direction of the longitudinal axis is / are arranged between the hollow body and the inner cylinder. The diaphragm rings, which are perpendicular, in particular at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the hollow cylinder, prevent the air in this part from being blown out of the air outlet openings obliquely downwards. They therefore have an air guiding function in such a way that it is blown out preferably in the horizontal direction or in an approximately horizontal direction, that is to say as far as possible at right angles to the longitudinal axis or approximately at right angles to the longitudinal axis.

It is preferably provided that the air inlet is formed on a connecting piece. The air outlet can be very easily connected to a pipe system of an air distribution network via the connecting piece.

A further development of the invention provides that the throttle device, in particular at least in no-load operation, is located between the upper and lower sections of the hollow body. This has already been discussed above. The no-load operation characterizes the situation that no air is supplied to the air outlet.

It is advantageous if the throttle element designed as a plate, in particular a plate, has a circumferential edge which is at a distance from the inside of the hollow body and / or from the inside of the inner cylinder. This distance represents a constriction, i.e. a corresponding throttle point.

It is preferably provided that the plate, in particular the plate, runs transversely, in particular at right angles, to the longitudinal axis of the hollow body. This has already been discussed.

It is also advantageous if the actuating device carries out an actuating operation or a regulating operation. In the setting mode, a specification is made which, however, is not compensated for, for example in the event of pressure fluctuations in the air supplied to the air inlet. In normal operation, the actuating device is always adapted with regard to its position and / or its air passage cross-section in accordance with the current situation.

The invention also relates to a method for operating an air outlet designed in the form of a hollow body, in particular as described above according to the various variants, wherein air supplied to an upper end of the hollow body emerges from or essentially from air outlet openings on a lateral surface of the hollow body, provided is that, depending on the size of the volume flow of the supplied air, the air pressure inside the hollow body is controlled or regulated in such a way that mixed air always emerges from the air outlet openings located in an upper area of the hollow body and preferably from the air outlet openings located in a lower area of the hollow body Air outlet openings always escape air.

Furthermore, it can be provided that the air pressure in the hollow body is controlled or controlled by setting an air passage cross section of an adjusting device arranged inside the hollow body and / or by means of a local position setting of an adjusting device arranged displaceably inside the hollow body is regulated. A throttle device is preferably used as the adjusting device.

It can preferably be provided that, depending on the size of the volume flow of the supplied air, in particular in a heating mode, the air outlet blows the mixed air out above the source air in such a way that the mixed air is pushed over the source air. This principle means that the source air is held in the floor area of the room in which the air outlet is located and thus develops its effect there, in particular the heating effect. The particularly warm source air can therefore not quickly rise again due to the mixed air above it, i.e. reach the ceiling of the room.

Figur 1

einen Bereich eines Raumes, insbesondere einer Industriehalle, in der sich ein Luftauslass, insbesondere Industrieluftauslass, befindet, wobei der Luftauslass auf den Boden des Raumes aufgestellt angeordnet ist,

Figur 2

eine der Figur 1 entsprechende Anordnung, wobei der Luftauslass jedoch aufgehängt ist, also einen Abstand zum Boden des Raumes aufweist,

Figur 3

eine Seitenansicht, teilweise geschnitten, des Luftauslasses,

Figur 4

eine Draufsicht auf eine Anschlussseite des Luftauslasses der Figur 3,

Figuren 5 bis 7

ein Längsschnitt durch den Luftauslass gemäß Figur 3, mit einer Stelleinrichtung nach einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel,

Figuren 8 bis 10

unterschiedliche Ausführungsbeispiele des Luftauslasses gemäß Figur 5, wobei jedoch verschiedenartig gestaltete Stelleinrichtungen zum Einsatz gelangen,

Figur 11

der Luftauslass gemäß Figur 10 in unterschiedlichen Betriebsstellungen,

Figur 12

eine Variante zum Ausführungsbeispiel der Figur 11,

Figuren 13 und 14

den Raum gemäß Figur 2 mit im Betrieb befindlichem Luftauslass und angedeutetem Strömungsbild bei Volllast und bei Teillast, und

Figur 15

ein Diagramm betreffend das Betriebsverhalten des Luftauslasses in Abhängigkeit des zugeführten Volumenstroms der Luft.

The drawings illustrate the invention on the basis of exemplary embodiments, specifically showing:

Figure 1

an area of a room, in particular an industrial hall, in which an air outlet, in particular an industrial air outlet, is located, the air outlet being arranged on the floor of the room,

Figure 2

one of the Figure 1 corresponding arrangement, with the air outlet being suspended, i.e. at a distance from the floor of the room,

Figure 3

a side view, partly in section, of the air outlet,

Figure 4

a plan view of a connection side of the air outlet of Figure 3 ,

Figures 5 to 7

a longitudinal section through the air outlet according to Figure 3 , with an adjusting device according to a first embodiment,

Figures 8 to 10

different embodiments of the air outlet according to Figure 5 , but differently designed control devices are used,

Figure 11

the air outlet according to Figure 10 in different operating positions,

Figure 12

a variant of the embodiment of Figure 11 ,

Figures 13 and 14

the room according to Figure 2 with air outlet in operation and indicated flow pattern at full load and at part load, and

Figure 15

a diagram relating to the operating behavior of the air outlet as a function of the supplied volume flow of air.

The Figure 1 shows an area of a room 1 of a building, preferably an industrial hall. For ventilation, heating and / or cooling, at least one air outlet 2 is arranged in room 1, which is arranged standing on a floor 3 of room 1. The air outlet 2 is supplied with air via an air line 4. The air line 4 is preferably installed under a ceiling 5 of the room 1 and leads from above to the air outlet 2, as from FIG Figure 1 evident. The air supplied to the air outlet 2 via the air line 4 is preferably processed centrally, in particular treated by, for example, having a sufficient proportion of fresh air, being cooled, heated and / or humidified. In the Figure 2 a similar arrangement is shown, but the air outlet 2 is not set up on the floor 3 of the room 1, but is arranged hanging in the room 1. The hanging device is in the Figure 2 not shown. The air outlet 2 is preferably located with its underside approximately two to three meters above the floor 3. In any case, that is to say in the exemplary embodiment of FIG Figure 1 and also in the embodiment of Figure 2 , the room air of the room 1 in the vicinity of the air outlet 2 is to be treated air-technically, so in particular ventilation and / or air-conditioning should take place, whereby preferably also a pollutant dilution takes place, i.e. the room air contaminated with pollutants Supply air to the air outlet is reduced in the pollutant content. In the case of ventilation, cooling and / or heating, a corresponding effect must always be achieved in a common zone of room 1, that is, fresh air should be provided where, for example, people are in room 1 and / or machines are set up, for example / treated air are discharged by means of the air outlet 2, with a heating effect or a cooling effect optionally being able to be implemented, that is, the air emerging from the air outlet 2 is cooler than the room air or warmer than the room air. In the case of pure ventilation, the air emerging from the air outlet 2 has approximately the temperature of the room air. In the case of cooling, it must be ensured that in the area of the floor 3, in particular in the occupied zone, temperatures that are not too low, which are perceived as unpleasant by people staying there, do not arise. This also often causes drafts that have a negative impact on comfort. In the case of heating, it must be ensured that the air emerging from the air outlet 2 reaches the area of the floor 3, in particular the occupied zone, and remains there for as long as possible and does not rise to the ceiling 5 of the room 1 shortly after exiting the air outlet 2, since then the heating effect is ineffective and an uncomfortable room climate could be created. By means of the invention, the points listed here as negative can be eliminated so that a pleasant room atmosphere can be achieved even in very high industrial halls. The air outlet 2 is usually also referred to as an industrial air outlet.

The Figure 3 illustrates the air outlet 2, which has a hollow body 6. The hollow body 6 has a jacket surface 7 and two opposite end faces 8 and 9. In the area of the end face 8, an air inlet 10 is formed, in particular implemented by means of a connection piece 11, which is in the Figure 3 is not shown in detail. In general, it should be noted with regard to all figures of this application that they are schematic representations. In operation, the air line 4 is on the air connection piece 11 according to Figures 1 or 2 connected. The end face 9 forms a base 12 of the hollow body 6, the base 12 being firmly closed; the hollow body 6 accordingly has no opening at the lower end 40, i.e. in the area of the base 12, and cannot be opened there.

The hollow body 6 has a longitudinal extent which is characterized by a longitudinal axis 13. The longitudinal axis 13 runs from the end face 8 to the end face 9 and represents a central axis of the hollow body 6. The hollow body 6 is preferably cylindrical around the longitudinal axis 13. In the embodiment of Figure 3 the hollow body 6 has two sections 14 and 15, seen along the longitudinal axis 13, the upper section 14 being designed as a polygonal cylinder 16, in particular an octagonal cylinder 17, and the lower section 15 as a circular cylinder 18. The air connection piece 11 at the upper end 19 of the hollow body 6 preferably has a circular cross section. The various cross-sectional designs are the Figure 4 clearly visible, which shows a plan view of the end face 8 of the air outlet 2.

Due to the polygonal cylinder 16, the jacket wall in this section 14 of the hollow body 6 is formed by a plurality of flat wall parts 20 which are arranged at an angle to one another. In the lower section 15 of the hollow body, due to the design as a circular cylinder 18, there is a circumferential jacket wall with a corresponding radius. A large number of air outlet openings 21 are provided, which penetrate the jacket surface 22 of the entire air outlet 2, i.e. the entire hollow body 6, and accordingly penetrate the individual wall parts 20 in the upper section 14 and the circular cylinder 18 in the lower section 15. From the Figure 3 the air outlet openings 21 in the upper section 14 can be clearly seen. The air outlet openings 21 in the lower section 15 are in the Figure 3 indicated by a corresponding dashed line. The air outlet openings 21 in the upper section 14 all have the same cross section. The air outlet openings 21 in the lower section 15 are designed such that the diameter of the air outlet openings 21 located there decreases downwards, that is to say in the direction of the floor 12. In particular, it is provided that the diameter of the air outlet openings 21 in the upper section 14 are smaller than the smallest diameter of the air outlet openings 21 in the lower section 15. Alternatively, provision can also be made for the air outlet openings 21 in the lower section to be distributed in such a way that the number from above becomes smaller downwards, but all have the same diameter. Alternatively - but not shown - air nozzles can also be provided instead of the air outlet openings 21, which then with regard to their Outlet cross-sections are designed according to the diameter of the air outlet openings 21 explained above. If in the course of this application a diameter of an air outlet opening 21 is mentioned, this does not mean that it has to be a circular opening, but other hole shapes can also be present which develop a corresponding effect in relation to the free cross section. If the sum of the free cross-sections of the air outlet openings 21 in the upper section is considered, then it is preferably provided that this sum is smaller than the sum of the free cross-sections in the lower section.

In the lower section 15 of the hollow body 6 there can be an optional inner cylinder 23, which is preferably also designed as a circular cylinder and has a smaller diameter than the circular cylinder 18. The outer surface of the inner cylinder 23 is provided with air passage openings 24. Optionally, there is also the possibility that the free cross-sections of the air passage openings 24 decrease in size when viewed from top to bottom, i.e. in the direction of the base 12, in particular corresponding to the air outlet openings 21 of the circular cylinder 18. The arrangement of diaphragm rings is also optional 55 between the circular cylinder 18 and the inner cylinder 23 ( Figure 3 ).

In an intermediate zone 25, which is located between the upper section 14 and the lower section 15 of the air outlet 2, an adjusting device 26 is arranged in the interior of the hollow body 6, which in the Figure 3 is only shown schematically. The adjusting device 26 is designed in particular as a throttle device 27, that is, it has a throttling effect on an air flow that is present in the interior of the hollow body 6 in that a volume flow of the air is supplied to the air inlet 10, which comes from the lateral surface 22, i.e. from the multitude of the air outlet openings 21 of the air outlet 2 located there and enters the room 1 in order to implement ventilation, heating and / or cooling there. Due to the adjusting device 26 located in the intermediate zone 25, depending on the throttle effect of the adjusting device 26, a corresponding air pressure ratio is set upstream and downstream of the adjusting device 26, i.e. above the adjusting device 26, namely in the interior of the upper section 14, or downstream of the adjusting device 26, i.e. in the Inside the lower section 15 of the Hollow body 6. When the air outlet 2 is in operation, i.e. when a volume flow of air is fed into the air inlet 10, due to the correspondingly controlled or regulated throttle effect of the actuating device 26 in the upper section 14 of the hollow body 6, the air pressure will be so high that from mixed air 29 exits the air outlet openings 21 located there; the air outlet openings 21 located there thus act as mixed air outlet openings 30. In the lower section 15 of the hollow body 6 there will be a lower pressure of the air inside the hollow body 6 of the air outlet 2, so that the air exiting the air outlet openings 21 located there is source air 31, the relevant air outlet openings 21 thus act as source air outlet openings 41. The mixed air 29 indicated by an arrow produces an induction effect, since it has a correspondingly high speed, that is, room air is mixed with the air emerging from these air outlet openings 21. This is where the name mixed air comes from. The source air 31, which is represented by a dashed arrow, is air at low speed, that is, there is no induction with the room air, but rather it forms on the side or below the air outlet 2 in room 1 corresponding spring air lake. It follows from the foregoing that the mixed air 29 emerges from the air outlet openings 21 of the polygonal cylinder 16 and that the source air 31 emerges from the air outlet openings 21 of the circular cylinder 18.

It is of particular importance that the air outlet 2 performs a heating mode or a cooling mode as a function of the temperature of the air introduced into the air inlet 10. If there is no temperature treatment of the air supplied, ventilation takes place. It is also important how large the volume flow of the air supplied to the air inlet 10 is. If there is full load, the size of the volume flow supplied to the air inlet has a maximum value for the size of the air outlet 2. If a smaller volume flow is supplied to the air inlet 10, the air outlet 2 works in partial load operation. Partial load operation includes a large number of operating states, for example graduated possible sizes of the volume flows. However, a continuously adjustable size of the volume flow is also conceivable.

The invention enables mixed air to be blown out in the upper region 28 of the hollow body 6 and swelling air in the lower region 32. In the exemplary embodiment of FIG Figure 3 in the polygonal cylinder 16 and the lower region 32 lies in the embodiment of FIG Figure 3 in the case of the circular cylinder 18. These different types of air outflow, namely on the one hand as mixed air 29 and on the other hand as source air 31, causes the mixed air 29 to push itself over the source air 31, so that the source air 31 is in the area of the floor 3 of the room 1, which is particularly important when heating is. Because the mixed air 29 prevents the source air 31 from rising, since the mixed air 29 covers the source air 31, warm air remains "trapped" in the area of the floor 3 when heated, creating a good heating effect and a pleasant indoor climate in room 1. In detail is in the Figures 13 and 14 the effect described above shown, the Figure 13 the air outlet 2 in full load operation and the Figure 14 shows the air outlet 2 in partial load operation.

At full load, that is to say at the maximum volume flow of the air supplied to the air inlet 2, in particular supplied by means of the air line 4, the air flows into the interior of the air outlet 2 and - accordingly Figure 13 - From the upper section 14 as mixed air 29. Due to the throttling effect of the adjusting device 26, air also emerges from the lower section 15 as displacement air 31. It's in the Figures 13 and 14 It can be seen that the mixed air 29 pushes over the source air 31, so that, for example, even in the case of heating, when warm air exits, the mixed air 29 exiting at high speed, in particular also with high impulse, creates a screen over the source air 31 and thus the source air in the area of the floor 3 of the room 1 holds. If one were to move from the full load case to the partial load case, that is to say, reduce the volume flow of the air supplied to the air inlet 10, for example to half that of the full load case, without the invention it is not ensured that there is sufficient air pressure in the upper section 14 the result is that mixed air 29 emerges from the upper section 14, which in particular is also able to cover the source air 31 emerging further down, namely from the lower section 15, like an umbrella. For this reason, a throttling is brought about by means of the actuating device 26 in such a way that a corresponding dynamic pressure is set in the upper section 14, which is sufficiently large to remove the air from the upper section To allow air outlet openings 21 to exit at high speed, in particular also with high impulse, so that mixed air 29 is present there. The result is that even with part load Figure 14 a corresponding screen of mixed air 29 forms, below which the source air 31 is "enclosed". As a function of the partial load case, that is to say the size of the partial load case, the actuating device 26 is therefore active in that it is adjustable. In particular, it is provided that the adjusting device 26 is adjustable with regard to its air passage cross-section and / or with regard to its local position within the hollow body 6 in order to implement the above-mentioned principle of air distribution in every operating case, i.e. under full load and also under any partial load case to maintain.

The Figures 5 to 7 illustrate an embodiment of the air outlet 2, which corresponds to the design of the air outlet 2 of Figure 3 corresponds, the adjusting device 26 acting as a throttle device 27 being designed in this embodiment as an air flap (throttle element 54), namely a centrally mounted double flap 33. The double flap 33 can be adjusted manually or by means of a drive. The device for manual adjustment or the motorized adjustment device is not shown in detail, but can be implemented by the average person skilled in the art. The Figure 5 shows the double flap 33 in a fully open state. In the Figure 6 the double flap 33 is partially closed and in the Figure 7 completely closed. The Figure 5 illustrates the full load case, so that mixed air exits from the upper section 14 and source air exits from the lower section 15. If it is not a full load case, but a partial load case, that is, the volume flow of the air supplied to the air inlet 10 is smaller than in the full load case, the double flap 33 is closed so far, depending on the size of the partial load case, that mixed air and exiting from the lower section 15 displacement air. If there is only a very low partial load case, ie if only a very small volume flow is fed to the air outlet 2, the situation according to FIG Figure 7 occur, that is, the double flap 33 is closed and has a strong throttling effect, so that mainly air escapes from the upper section 14.

The Figures 8 to 10 show different configurations of the actuating device 26 with a corresponding throttle element 54, namely in the case of Figure 8 as aperture 34, im Case of Figure 9 as butterfly valve 35 and in the case of Figure 10 as plate 36, in particular plate 37. The diaphragm 34 and the butterfly valve 35 are each arranged in a stationary manner within the volume of the hollow body 6, that is, their position cannot be changed, but depending on the load case they can bring about the throttling effect by adjusting the air passage cross-section accordingly. The plate 36, on the other hand, is mounted displaceably within the hollow body 6, so it can change its position. For this purpose, for example, a guide rod 38 can be arranged within the hollow body 6, preferably along the longitudinal axis 13, on which the plate 36, which extends transversely, in particular at right angles, to the longitudinal axis 13, is mounted so that it is displaced in the direction of the double arrow 39 can. In the embodiment of Figure 10 it is not in its uppermost position, but has moved down a little, whereby this move down can be brought about manually, can be motorized, but preferably takes place automatically, namely as a function of the air pressure that builds up inside the hollow body 6. Since the air volume flow is supplied from above, a higher air pressure will set in the hollow body 6 at the top than in the hollow body 6 below, with a corresponding shift depending on the pressure, i.e. depending on the volume flow supplied and thus depending on the load case at hand the plate 36 is effected. In the case of automatic displacement, however, it is crucial that there is a restoring force for the plate 36, as can be seen from FIG Figure 11 results.

In the embodiment of Figure 11 has the adjusting device 26 according to Figure 10 the displaceable plate 36, which is designed in particular as a plate 37 and can be displaced on the guide rod 38 in the direction of the double arrow 39. On the downstream side, the plate 36 has a compression spring 43 serving as an energy storage device 42, which is designed as a helical compression spring 44 and which wraps around the guide rod 38. One end 45 of the helical compression spring 44 is supported on the plate 36 and the other end 46 on the base 12, preferably within a receiving sleeve 47 arranged there. In operation, according to arrow 48, a volume flow of supplied air is fed into the upper end 19 of the hollow body 6. Due to the air pressure prevailing upstream of the plate 36, the plate 36 is directed against the force of the energy store 42 in the direction of the ground 12 moves. This in the Figure 11 shown in dashed lines. The arrangement is such that mixed air 29 emerges from the air outlet openings 21 located in the polygonal cylinder 16 and that swelling air 31 emerges from the air outlet openings 21 located in the circular cylinder 18. Alternatively, however, the construction can also be designed differently, for example in such a way that the helical compression spring 44 is supported on a transverse element of the guide rod 38, that is to say does not extend to the floor 12.

The Figure 12 FIG. 13 shows a further embodiment which corresponds to the embodiment of FIG Figure 11 corresponds and differs only in that a tension spring 49, which is designed as a helical tension spring 50, is used as the force storage device 42. The coil tension spring 50 is attached at one end to the housing of the air outlet 2, for example to the hollow body 6 or - if present - to the inner cylinder 23. The other end is connected to a counterweight 51 to which a pliable traction means 52 is attached, which leads to an upper inner area of the air outlet 2, is deflected there by 180 ° by means of a deflection device 53 and is attached to the plate 36. How the Figure 12 corresponds to how the Figure 11 , however, the balance weight 51 at least partially compensating for the weight of the plate 36, whereby an optimal calibration of the device can take place.

Due to the invention, very large rooms, such as industrial halls, atriums, concert halls and so on, can be optimally ventilated or tempered, whereby operation can take place with constant volume flow or with variable volume flow and is possible under full load and / or under partial load. An optimal ventilation result can be achieved in all load cases with very high thermal comfort even at a short distance from the air outlet 2. The invention enables mixed ventilation combined with displacement ventilation in all load cases. The mixed ventilation preferably has inductive individual jets which emerge from the air outlet openings 21. In order to be able to set the mentioned full load case or partial load case, it is conceivable that an adjustable throttle element is arranged upstream in front of the air outlet 2, which throttle element can be adjusted according to the desired requirements. In the case of the air outlet according to the invention, there are, as it were, two air outlets connected in series for ventilation, heating and / or Cooling with an interposed throttle element before, namely one air outlet for mixed air and the other air outlet for swelling air, with no complex measures for switching a flow profile or the like being necessary. Due to the invention, it is sufficient to cover the applications occurring in practice to offer only about three sizes of the air outlet.

With regard to the embodiment of Figure 3 the hollow body is formed by two specific components, namely the polygonal cylinder 16 and the circular cylinder 18, with mixed air always exiting from the polygonal cylinder 16 and source air from the circular cylinder 18 due to the invention. The polygonal cylinder 16 can therefore also be referred to as a mixing head.

Alternatively, however, it can also be provided that the hollow body 7 does not have such a structural subdivision into two special types of cylinders, but that due to the actuating device 26 the pressure inside the hollow body 6 is controlled / regulated in such a way that mixed air in an upper part and mixed air in a lower part Part of the displacement air escapes, and this in every load case, i.e. at full load and also in any partial load case. The function of the air outlet openings can vary depending on the load case (once as mixed air outlet openings, another time as displacement air outlet openings).

The Figure 15 shows a diagram. The volume flow V of the air supplied to the air inlet 10 is shown on the abscissa and a pressure difference Δp is shown on the ordinate, the pressure difference being the pressure of the air inside the polygonal cylinder 16 (e.g. Figure 3 ) relates to the external pressure, that is to say the air pressure outside the air outlet 2. Two characteristic curves are shown, namely characteristic curve A, which relates to the mixed air when the actuating device 26 is closed (closed means the minimum air passage opening as well as the starting position or, for example, the starting position (if a movable actuating device 26 is present)). The characteristic curve B relates to the mixed air and the displacement air with the actuating device 26 open to the maximum or the actuating device 26 displaced to the maximum. This results from the diagram of FIG Figure 15 Resulting control or regulating behavior: Starting with a volume flow V = 0 m ³ / h, the actuating device 26 is closed and / or is in the starting position. In the case of small volume flows V, a corresponding pre-pressure (dynamic pressure) builds up in the polygonal cylinder 16 (mixing head), so that mixed air emerges from this. A portion of the air of the supplied volume flow V emerges from the air outlet openings 21 of the circular cylinder 18 as displacement air. With a further increase in the volume flow V, the actuating device 26 opens further and / or it is relocated locally, so that the air quantity, which has increased beyond the previous operating point, mainly reaches the room to be ventilated via the circular cylinder 18 as displacement air. The proportion of air emerging from the polygonal cylinder 16 remains essentially constant. Overall, an extremely large control / regulating range is achieved with a stable room flow and constant flow shape. The area between the two characteristic curves A and B represents the control range of the arrangement.

Due to the invention, there is an air outlet in the form of a hollow body, the outer surface of which is provided with an air outlet opening, the bottom of which is closed or at least partially closed and which is provided with an air inlet opposite the bottom, with the air outlet openings in one at maximum volume flow (full load) The upper area of the hollow body, in which there is a static pressure p _M , serve as mixing outlet openings and in a lower area of the hollow body (in which there is a static pressure p _Q ) as displacement air outlet openings, an adjusting device arranged inside the hollow body being provided which at reduced volume flow (partial load) keeps the pressure p _{M of} the air inside the upper area so high (where p _{M is} greater than p _Q ) that mixed air escapes. A mixed ventilation form is preferably present, consisting of the output of mixed air and the output of swelling air.

It is preferably provided that the free cross section of the sum of the air outlet openings in the upper section of the hollow body is at most half as large as the free cross section of the sum of the air outlet openings in the lower section of the hollow body.

It is also provided that the adjustment range / control range of the volume flows of the air outlet relates to the ratio of the volume flows of the two types of flow (Mixed air as well as displacement air, whereby the volume flow of the mixed air is designated with V _M and the volume flow of the displacement air with V _Q. The relation applies: $${\mathrm{V}}_{\mathrm{M.}}/{\mathrm{V}}_{\mathrm{Q}}=1/10\mathrm{to}1/\mathrm{4th}.$$

Claims (27)

1. An air outlet in the form of a hollow body, which has a jacket surface and front faces located opposite one another, wherein the jacket surface is provided with air outlet openings and one of the front faces has an air inlet, with the air outlet openings in an upper region of the hollow body serving as mixed air outlet openings and as source air outlet openings in a lower region of the hollow body at full load, and the full load is defined by the size of a volumetric flow rate of the air supplied to the air inlet, characterised by a control device (26), which is arranged in the interior of the hollow body (6) and which, even in the case of partial load, keeps the pressure of the air prevailing in the interior of this or of an upper region (28) so large that mixed air (29) still escapes from at least a portion of the air outlet openings (21).
2. The air outlet according to claim 1, characterised in that the control device (26) is a throttle device (27), which is adjustable in its air passage cross-section.
3. The air outlet according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the control device (26) is a throttle device (27), which can be adjusted in its position, which is present in the hollow body (6).
4. The air outlet according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the front face (9) located opposite the air inlet (10) is formed as bottom (12), wherein the bottom (12) is closed or essentially closed.
5. The air outlet according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the hollow body (6) has a longitudinal axis (13) leading from the air inlet (10) to the bottom (12), and that the adjustment of the position of the throttle device (27) takes place along the longitudinal axis (13) of the hollow body (6).
6. The air outlet according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the control device (26) is arranged between an upper zone (58) and a lower zone (59) of the hollow body (6).
7. The air outlet according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the control device (26) is a throttle device (27), which, depending on the load stat, can be adjusted manually, by motor and/or automatically with regard to the air passage cross section and/or the local position.
8. The air outlet according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the control device (26) is supported in the hollow body (6) against the force of a force storage (42) in a position-displaceable manner along the longitudinal axis (13), in particular in the direction of the bottom (12).
9. The air outlet according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the throttle device (27) has at least one throttle element (54), which is adjustable in the air passage cross-section.
10. The air outlet according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the throttle element (54) can be adjusted manually, by motor and/or automatically in the air passage cross-section, in particular against the force of a force storage device.
11. The air outlet according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the displacement with respect to the position and/or the adjustment with respect to the air passage cross-section of the throttle element (54) takes place by means of a force resulting from the dynamic pressure of the air acting on the throttle element (54).
12. The air outlet according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the throttle element (54) is a position-displaceable plate (36), in particular a disk (37), a flap supported so as to be pivotable on the edge-side, a double flap (33) supported centrally or approximately centrally, an aperture (34) and/or a butterfly flap (35).
13. The air outlet according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the force storage (42) and/or the force storage device has a tension spring (49), a compression spring (43), a torsion spring, in particular helical spring or coil spring.
14. The air outlet according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the force storage (42) has a tension spring (49), which is connected to a flexible tension means (52) and a deflection device (53) deflecting the flexible tension means (52), in particular a deflection device (53) deflecting by 180°.
15. The air outlet according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the tension means (52) is connected to a balance weight (51), in particular for at least partially balancing the weight of the throttle element (54).
16. The air outlet according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the hollow body (6) - viewed along the longitudinal axis (13) - has two sections (14, 15), wherein the upper section (14) has a polygonal cylinder (16), in particular octagonal cylinder (17), and the lower section (15) has a circular cylinder (18).
17. The air outlet according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that an inner cylinder (23), which has air passage openings (24), is arranged in the lower section (15).
18. The air outlet according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the free cross-sections of the air outlet openings (21) of at least a portion of the hollow body (6) and/or the free cross-sections of the air passage openings (24) of the inner cylinder (23) decrease - viewed in the direction of the longitudinal axis (13) from the air inlet (10) to the bottom (12).
19. The air outlet according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that an aperture ring (55) or several aperture rings (55), which are spaced apart from one another in the direction of the longitudinal axis (13), is/are arranged between the hollow body (6) and the inner cylinder (23) at least in an upper portion of the lower section (15) of the hollow body (6).
20. The air outlet according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the air inlet (10) is formed on a connecting piece (11).
21. The air outlet according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the throttle device (27) is located between the upper (14) and the lower section (15) of the hollow body (6), in particular at least in the zero-load operation.
22. The air outlet according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the throttle element (54), which is formed as plate (36), in particular disk (37), has a circumferential edge, which lies at a distance from the inner side of the hollow body (6) and/or inner cylinder (23).
23. The air outlet according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the plate (36), in particular the disk (37), runs transversely, in particular at right angles, to the longitudinal axis (13) of the hollow body (6).
24. The air outlet according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the control device (26) performs a control operation or a regulating operation.
25. A method for operating an air outlet formed in the shape of a hollow body, in particular according to any one or several of the preceding claims, wherein air supplied to an upper end of the hollow body escapes from or essentially from air outlet openings on a jacket surface of the hollow body, characterised in that the air pressure in the interior of the hollow body (6) is controlled or regulated in such a way as a function of the size of the volumetric flow rate of the supplied air that mixed air (29) always escapes from the air outlet openings (21) located in an upper region (28) of the hollow body (6), and preferably that source air (31) always escapes from the air outlet openings (21) located in a lower region (32) of the hollow body (6).
26. The method according to claim 25, characterised in that the air pressure in the hollow body (6) is controlled or regulated by means of the setting of an air passage cross-section of a/the control device (26) arranged in the interior of the hollow body and/or by means of a local position setting of a/the control device (26) displaceably arranged in the interior of the hollow body (6).
27. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the mixed air (29) is blown out above the source air (31) in such a way as a function of the size of the volumetric flow rate of the supplied air, in particular in a heating operation of the air outlet (2), that the mixed air (29) pushes over the source air (31).

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