EP3150936A1 - Air outlet and method for operating the air outlet - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an air outlet (2) in the form of a hollow body (6) having a lateral surface (22) and opposite end faces, wherein the lateral surface is provided with Luftauslassöffnungen (21) and one of the end faces has an air inlet, at full load, the air outlet openings (21) in an upper portion (28) of the hollow body (6) serve as Mischluftauslassöffnungen (30) and in a lower portion (32) of the hollow body as Quellluftauslassöffnungen (41), and the full load by the size of the air inlet (2) supplied Volume flow of the air is defined. An adjusting device (26) arranged inside the hollow body (6) is provided which, even at partial load, keeps the pressure of the air prevailing in the interior of this or an upper region (28) so great that mixed air (29) also consists of at least a portion the air outlet openings (21) emerges. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for operating an air outlet (2).

Description

The invention relates to an air outlet in the form of a hollow body, which has a lateral surface and opposite end surfaces, wherein the lateral surface is provided with air outlet and one of the end faces has an air inlet, at full load, the air outlet in an upper region of the hollow body as Mischluftauslassöffnungen and in a lower Area of the hollow body serve as Quellluftauslassöffnungen, and the full load is defined by the size of the air inlet supplied air volume flow of the air.

Such air outlets are known, they are used in particular the ventilation, heating and / or cooling of industrial spaces, such as halls. In particular, the above statements also apply to the subject matter of the invention.

The known air outlets are operated with a constant air volume flow, that is, in their air inlet occurs in each case a constant volume flow of air. Depending on the application, different large-sized air outlets are available for different constant volume flows. Usually five to six sizes are offered. Depending on the respective operating case, so ventilation, heating or cooling is an adjustment, namely such that in the heating case, the bottom of the hollow body is opened and closed in the cooling case. By opening the floor, the warm air can reach the floor area of the room to be heated. In cooling, the cool air automatically sinks to the bottom.

In the known solution, a drive for opening and closing the soil is required. Furthermore, the air distribution in the room to be ventilated, to be cooled and / or to be heated room for improvement.

The invention therefore has the object to avoid the disadvantages mentioned above.

This object is achieved according to the invention by means of an adjusting device arranged in the interior of the hollow body which keeps the pressure of the air prevailing in the interior of this or of an upper region even at partial load so that mixed air continues to emerge from at least a portion of the air outlet openings. In the invention, even in a variable, the air inlet volume flow supplied a division in a mixed air volume flow and a source volume flow are set / regulated so that a mixed air ventilation is always ensured, ie in case of ventilation, heating and / or cooling and works well in the partial load range , Said mixed air volume flow refers to the air that emerges as mixed air from the air outlet openings, so that these air outlet openings serve as Mischluftauslassöffnungen and said source air volume flow relates to the air that emerge as source air from the respective air outlet openings, so that they serve as Quellluftauslassöffnungen. By supplying the air into the air inlet results in the interior of the hollow body, a certain pressure of the air, which in the case of full load causes the air in the upper region of the hollow body at high speed exits the air outlet openings as air jets that induce room air, causing air mixing in the room to be ventilated. This results in the term "mixed air". Towards the bottom, ie further away from the air inlet of the hollow body, a correspondingly lower pressure arises in the interior of the hollow body, such that the air present there emerges at a lower speed from the air outlet openings located there, namely without induction, so that the source air is present here. If now the air outlet is fed with a smaller volume flow than at full load, the pressure inside the hollow body would also decrease in the upper region, for example to such an extent that the air emerging from the air outlet openings of this region no longer has sufficient speed to induce cause, that therefore there is no more mixed air. In order to prevent this, according to the invention inside the hollow body, the adjusting device is provided which keeps the prevailing pressure of the air even at partial load in the upper region of the hollow body so large that further mixed air exiting from at least a portion of the air outlet openings located there, Thus, it remains at the mentioned air distribution, namely outlet of mixed air from the corresponding upper region and exit of source air from the corresponding lower region of the lateral surface of the hollow body. The phrase "this or an upper portion" means that the upper portion that discharges mixed air at full load is the same upper mixed air ejecting portion at part load, or another upper portion, eg, shortening or lengthening the upper portion Accordingly, the lower range changes.

According to a development of the invention, it is provided that the adjusting device is an adjustable throttling device in its air passage cross-section. Due to the fact that the air passage cross-section can be influenced and thus the pressure of the air rises in front of the throttling device (dynamic pressure), the upstream of the throttling device it is possible to keep the pressure of the air correspondingly large, so that the above-mentioned effect, namely the Outlet of mixed air is maintained even under partial load conditions. The adjustment (controlled or regulated) of the air passage cross-section can be gradual or continuous.

The adjusting device of the invention, in particular the throttle device is always formed in all embodiments such that it does not act absolutely occlusive in its closed position, but leaves a small air passage cross-section, so that a correspondingly small proportion of the air inlet air supplied pass through the actuator and in can reach the lower portion of the hollow body to escape there as source air can. Thus, when talking in this application of a closed actuator / throttle device, so the above state is meant.

It is preferably provided that the adjusting device is a throttle device which is adjustable in its position present in the hollow body. Due to the throttling effect of the throttle device results before her an increase in the pressure of the air, ie upstream of the throttle device increases inside the hollow cylinder, the air pressure (dynamic pressure), wherein the position of the throttle device is adjusted depending on the size of the partial load. Is a part-load operation with a relatively large Volumetric flow, it is sufficient to move the throttle device in a relatively distant position to the air inlet, wherein upstream of it, the air pressure is sufficient to allow mixed air from at least a portion of the air outlet openings lying there. If a partial load operation is set in which a relatively small volume flow flows into the air inlet, the position of the variable throttle device is displaced closer to the air inlet in order to bring about the desired pressure increase for a mixed air operation upstream.

Of course, it is also possible to use an adjusting device which allows both an adjustment in the air passage cross-section, as well as in the position within the hollow body is displaced.

According to a development of the invention, it is provided that the end face lying opposite the air inlet is designed as a bottom, wherein the bottom is closed or substantially closed. The feature of the closed bottom is intended to clarify in particular that absolutely no adjustable floor is required (although, in a specific embodiment of the invention, however, could still be present). If the heating operation is carried out in the prior art, the floor is opened in the known air outlets. This switching, so the opening of the soil and the closing of the soil is not required in the subject of the invention. Nevertheless, all operating modes (ventilation, cooling, heating) can be carried out with the device according to the invention, both at full load and at partial load, and due to the above-mentioned, present in the invention air distribution is always (ie in the above three modes and both at full load as well as at partial load) causes a pleasant room climate. The above-mentioned formulation of the "substantially closed" floor should clarify that even if at least one air outlet opening is present in the ground, nevertheless the success of the invention is achieved and that a certain air leakage in the region of the bottom nevertheless leads to the result of the invention. Particularly preferred in the invention, the embodiment that the bottom is completely closed.

According to a development of the invention it is provided that the hollow body has a leading from the air inlet to the bottom longitudinal axis and that the adjustment of the Position of the throttle device takes place along the longitudinal axis of the hollow body. Since the air inlet is located at one end of the hollow body and - preferably opposite - the bottom at the other end of the hollow body, the longitudinal axis from the one end to the other end, the adjustment along the longitudinal axis so cause the Throttle device depending position either closer to the air inlet and further away to the ground or closer to the ground and thus further away from the air inlet. Any number of intermediate positions can be approached continuously. It is always the mixed air operation to realize.

It is advantageous if the adjusting device is arranged between an upper and a lower zone of the hollow body. This statement is to be understood in such a way that the upper zone of the hollow body is formed above the adjusting device, that is to say upstream of the latter, and below the adjusting device, that is to say downstream of the adjusting device, the lower zone of the hollow body. If the adjusting device is displaceable with respect to its spatial position along the longitudinal axis of the hollow body, then the respective zone changes with the displacement of the adjusting device, for example the upper zone becomes larger and accordingly the lower zone becomes smaller or vice versa. It must be distinguished from these zones that the mentioned areas, ie the upper area and the lower area of the hollow body, characterize the exit of the air type. In the upper part of the hollow body occurs mixed air and in the lower part of the source air. If the pressure conditions in the interior of the hollow body are designed such that above, ie upstream of the actuator, the pressure in the upper zone is insufficient to allow mixed air to escape everywhere, the upper zone can be subdivided into an upper region from the mixed air emerges, and in an underlying part, which belongs to the lower area, emerges from the source air. Below the adjusting device then also exits source air. As a result, the function of respective air outlet openings changes by serving either as mixed air outlet openings or as source air outlet openings. From the explained terms "zone" and "area", the term "section" is to be further distinguished. As will be explained below, there is an upper portion and a lower portion of the hollow body, the term "portion" relating to the construction of the air outlet, namely at least one Embodiment with, for example, polygonal cylinder (upper portion) and, for example, circular cylinder (lower portion).

According to a development of the invention, provision is made for the adjusting device to be a throttle device which is manually, motorically and / or automatically adjustable with regard to the air passage cross section and / or the local position, depending on the load state. "Motorized" means that the air passage cross section and / or the spatial position is changed by means of a drive device, for example an electric drive device. Preferably, at least one sensor is provided, which senses the load case, ie the full load or the corresponding partial load and engages accordingly by a motor. In the case of a manual adjustment of the throttle device occurs instead of the drive means manually applied by the user adjustment. In the case of the automatically adjustable throttle device, wherein this case is particularly preferred, the adjustment takes place with regard to the air passage cross section and / or the location position without a drive device is present and without a manual operation. Rather, a parameter of the present load case, in particular a resulting from the supplied flow rate parameter, particularly preferably the self-adjusting pressure inside the hollow body, used to make the adjustment of the throttle device with respect to their air passage cross-section and / or their spatial position automatically. For this purpose, the pressure acts on a throttle element of the throttle device and influences the setting of the air passage cross-section (in particular, for example, by acting on a throttle valve biased into a preferred position) and / or the pressure displaces the throttle element (in particular, for example, by displacement of the throttle element biased in a preferred direction).

A development of the invention provides that the adjusting device is mounted positionally displaceable against the force of an energy storage device along the longitudinal axis, in particular in the direction of the ground, in the hollow body. The adjusting device is acted upon by the force of the force accumulator and thereby urged at zero load in a predetermined position, in particular provided with a stop starting position. If the load is increased, this causes the air pressure in the interior of the hollow body, namely on the upstream side of the actuator increases, with the result that that thereby the adjusting device is displaced against the force of the energy storage device. Depending on the pressure (dynamic pressure) will thus automatically result in a corresponding position of the adjusting device. The higher the load case, the further the position changes from the starting position of the zero load case, wherein preferably a displacement of the actuating device along the longitudinal axis, in the direction of the ground, that is, down, takes place. Thus, according to the displacement of the adjusting device, at least a portion of the air outlet openings lying upstream of the adjusting device become mixed air outlet openings. All other air vents become source air vents.

According to a development of the invention, it is provided that the throttle device has at least one throttle element which is adjustable in the air passage cross section. Preferably, the throttle element can be manually, motorically and / or automatically, in particular against the force of an energy storage device, be adjustable in the air passage cross-section. Depending on the setting of the air passage cross-section, the pressure conditions in the hollow body, wherein the procedure is such that upstream of the throttle element, the pressure in the upper region is sufficiently large to deploy mixed air from the air outlet there lying. From all the other air outlet openings, in particular the air outlet openings located downstream of the throttle element, source air is emitted due to the lower air pressure. For the terms "manual, motor and automatic" the definitions already explained above apply. The pressure conditions in the hollow body can also be set such that all air outlet openings located upstream of the throttling element discharge mixed air, that is, the upper area corresponds to the upper zone, and that all the air outlet openings downstream of the throttling element output source air, that is, the lower area corresponds to the lower area Zone of the hollow body.

As already explained, the displacement with respect to the position and / or the adjustment with respect to the air passage cross section of the adjusting device, in particular of the throttle element, by a force acting on the adjusting device, in particular the throttle element, back pressure of the air resulting force, ie the inside of the hollow body present pressure conditions upstream or downstream of the adjusting device.

Preferably, it may be provided that the throttle element is a position-displaceable plate, in particular a plate, a flap pivotally mounted on the edge, a centrally or approximately centrally mounted double flap, an aperture and / or a butterfly flap. The position-displaceable flap, in particular the plate, act more or less as a bluff body, whereby the positional displacement, preferably counter to the force of the force accumulator, takes place due to the dynamic pressure. In the above-mentioned pivotally mounted flap, a throttling of the air flow within the hollow body is generated as a function of the flap angle. If the flap is closed, a large part of the air in the upper zone of the hollow body emerges. A remaining, small part of the air exits downstream of the flap, ie in the lower zone. The dimensions of the flap are chosen such that no complete closure of the airway takes place, but in the closed position of the flap still an air passage can take place. Alternatively, it is also possible to proceed in such a way that the flap would completely close the air path in a closed position, but that the flap does not reach this end position, but nevertheless remains slightly open in the maximally closed position. When the flap is fully open, the pressure curve along the longitudinal axis of the hollow body, which acts as mixed air outlet openings and which acts as source air outlet openings, is important.

It may be provided as a throttle element a centrally or approximately centrally mounted double flap. Such a double flap is designed like a rocker. The mentioned aperture is preferably arranged transversely to the longitudinal axis of the hollow body. The butterfly flap has a central or approximately central bearing point for the damper blades. With regard to the position-displaceable plate, in particular the plate, the edge pivotally mounted flap and butterfly flap, it is conceivable to use each of a force storage / a force storage device, that is, only against the force of the force storage / the energy storage device is a correspondingly wide displacement and / or opens correspondingly far the air passage cross-section of the throttle element.

In particular, come as a power storage and / or power storage device, a tension spring, a compression spring, a torsion spring, in particular coil spring or worm spring used. For example, the compression spring can act on the positionally displaceable plate. Here, the compression spring is located on the downstream side of the plate. The aforementioned torsion spring can act on the edge pivotally mounted flap or on the butterfly flap and urge the corresponding flap in each case in the closing direction. Due to the increased pressure upstream of the respective flap, it is forced into a corresponding open position under the action of the force storage device. In the butterfly flap, the torsion spring can also be formed by a plurality of torsion spring elements, for example, to each act on a flap of the pair of flaps.

It is preferably provided that the energy accumulator has a tension spring, which is connected to a pliable traction means and a deflecting device deflecting the pliable traction means, in particular deflecting device deflecting by 180 °. The pliable traction means is mounted on the upstream side of the position-displaceable plate and leads to one end of the tension spring whose other end is fixed to the hollow body. In this case, a deflection can be provided by 180 °. In particular, when this deflection, preferably provided by 180 °, a balance weight can be attached to the traction means, which at least partially compensates for the weight of the throttle element, so for example the position displaceable plate. Depending on the balance weight can be carried out a calibration of the arrangement.

According to a development of the invention it is provided that the hollow body - as seen along the longitudinal axis - has two sections, wherein the upper portion of a polygonal cylinder, in particular eight-corner cylinder, and the lower portion is formed by a circular cylinder. The arrangement is preferably made such that the lateral surface of the polygonal cylinder has first air outlet openings and that the circular cylinder has second air outlet openings in its lateral surface. The first air outlet openings differ in terms of on the size of the second air outlet openings. In this case, the arrangement is such that the lying in the circular cylinder second air outlet along the longitudinal axis from top to bottom, ie in the direction of the ground, zoom out. The first air outlet openings, which lie on the lateral surface of the polygonal cylinder, all have the same diameter. In particular, it is provided that the diameter of the first air outlet openings is smaller than the diameter of the smallest second air outlet openings. Alternatively or additionally, the above explanation of the effects of the sizes of the air outlet openings can also be realized in that the number of air outlet openings lying in a certain surface area is chosen to be correspondingly large.

With regard to the mentioned air outlet openings, it should be noted that in each of the mentioned exemplary embodiments it may be provided that nozzles are provided instead of openings, wherein corresponding opening cross-sections are also present in the nozzles.

With regard to the embodiment with a polygonal cylinder, in particular eight-corner cylinder, and circular cylinder, the operating procedure is always such that by means of the adjusting device, the pressure conditions are set in the interior of the hollow body that emerges from the air outlet openings of the polygonal cylinder mixed air and from the air outlet openings of the circular cylinder source air. This applies to adjusting devices which are adjustable in the air passage cross-section and / or when the adjusting device is arranged displaceably in the hollow body. Their position is then taken accordingly automatically, in particular, to let the mentioned types of air from the respective sections, ie polygonal cylinder and circular cylinder exit.

According to a development of the invention, it is provided that in the lower section an inner cylinder is arranged, which has air passage openings. The air located there in the inner cylinder will thus first pass through the air passage openings of the inner cylinder, then get to the air outlet openings of the lower portion of the hollow body and exit there, namely as source air. The inner cylinder has a radial distance to the circular cylinder. The inner cylinder with his Air passage openings are used in particular for flow compensation and in particular also for a speed reduction of the air takes place.

According to a development of the invention, it is provided that the free cross sections of the air outlet openings of at least a part of the hollow body and / or the free cross sections of the passage openings of the inner cylinder - viewed in the direction of the longitudinal axis to the air inlet to the bottom - shrink. This ensures that in the upper and lower area only the respective flow form (mixed air or source air) exits. Alternatively or additionally, it can be provided that the above explanation of the effects of the free cross sections of the air outlet openings or passage openings are also realized by the number of air outlet openings lying in a certain area being chosen to be correspondingly large.

It is preferably provided that at least in an upper part of the lower portion of the hollow body, an aperture ring or more, in the direction of the longitudinal axis spaced diaphragm rings between the hollow body and the inner cylinder is / are arranged. The diaphragm rings, which are transverse, in particular perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the hollow cylinder, prevent the air in this part from the air outlet openings is blown obliquely downward. So they have air guiding function, such that preferably blown in the horizontal direction or in approximately horizontal direction, that is as perpendicular as possible to the longitudinal axis or approximately at right angles to the longitudinal axis.

It is preferably provided that the air inlet is formed on a connecting piece. The air outlet can be very easily connected to a pipe system of an air distribution network via the connecting piece.

A development of the invention provides that the throttle device, in particular at least in no-load operation, is located between the upper and the lower section of the hollow body. This has already been discussed above. The no-load operation indicates the situation that no air is supplied to the air outlet.

It is advantageous if the throttle element designed as a plate, in particular a plate, has a peripheral edge which lies at a distance from the inside of the hollow body and / or to the inside of the inner cylinder. This distance represents a constriction, so a corresponding throttle point.

It is preferably provided that the plate, in particular the plate, extends transversely, in particular at right angles, to the longitudinal axis of the hollow body. This has already been discussed.

Furthermore, it is advantageous if the actuating device carries out a control operation or a control operation. When setting a default, which, however, - are not compensated - for example, in pressure fluctuations of the air inlet air supplied. In normal operation, the adjusting device is always adapted with regard to its spatial position and / or its air passage cross section according to the current situation.

The invention further relates to a method for operating an air outlet formed in the form of a hollow body, in particular as described above according to the various variants, wherein an upper end of the hollow body supplied air exits or substantially from air outlet openings on a lateral surface of the hollow body, wherein provided is that depending on the size of the volume flow of the supplied air, the air pressure inside the hollow body is controlled or regulated so that always emerges from the located in an upper region of the hollow body air outlet openings mixed air and preferably that of which located in a lower portion of the hollow body Air outlet openings always escape source air.

Furthermore, it can be provided that the air pressure in the hollow body is controlled by adjusting an air passage cross section of one of the adjusting devices arranged in the interior of the hollow body and / or by means of a local position adjustment of one or more adjusting devices arranged displaceably in the interior of the hollow body is regulated. As adjusting device, a throttle device is preferably used.

Preferably, it can be provided that, depending on the size of the volume flow of the supplied air, in particular in a heating mode, the air outlet blows the mixed air above the source air such that the mixed air slides over the source air. This principle causes the source air in the floor area of the room in which the air outlet is held, and thus there their effect, in particular the heating effect unfolds. The particular warm source air can therefore not quickly rise again due to the mixed air located above it, so get to the ceiling of the room.

Figur 1

einen Bereich eines Raumes, insbesondere einer Industriehalle, in der sich ein Luftauslass, insbesondere Industrieluftauslass, befindet, wobei der Luftauslass auf den Boden des Raumes aufgestellt angeordnet ist,

Figur 2

eine der Figur 1 entsprechende Anordnung, wobei der Luftauslass jedoch aufgehängt ist, also einen Abstand zum Boden des Raumes aufweist,

Figur 3

eine Seitenansicht, teilweise geschnitten, des Luftauslasses,

Figur 4

eine Draufsicht auf eine Anschlussseite des Luftauslasses der Figur 3,

Figuren 5 bis 7

ein Längsschnitt durch den Luftauslass gemäß Figur 3, mit einer Stelleinrichtung nach einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel,

Figuren 8 bis 10

unterschiedliche Ausführungsbeispiele des Luftauslasses gemäß Figur 5, wobei jedoch verschiedenartig gestaltete Stelleinrichtungen zum Einsatz gelangen,

Figur 11

der Luftauslass gemäß Figur 10 in unterschiedlichen Betriebsstellungen,

Figur 12

eine Variante zum Ausführungsbeispiel der Figur 11,

Figuren 13 und 14

den Raum gemäß Figur 2 mit im Betrieb befindlichem Luftauslass und angedeutetem Strömungsbild bei Volllast und bei Teillast, und

Figur 15

ein Diagramm betreffend das Betriebsverhalten des Luftauslasses in Abhängigkeit des zugeführten Volumenstroms der Luft.

The drawings illustrate the invention by means of exemplary embodiments, namely:

FIG. 1

an area of a room, in particular an industrial hall, in which there is an air outlet, in particular industrial air outlet, the air outlet being arranged on the floor of the room,

FIG. 2

one of the FIG. 1 corresponding arrangement, but the air outlet is suspended, ie has a distance to the bottom of the room,

FIG. 3

a side view, partially cut, of the air outlet,

FIG. 4

a plan view of a connection side of the air outlet of FIG. 3 .

FIGS. 5 to 7

a longitudinal section through the air outlet according to FIG. 3 , with an adjusting device according to a first embodiment,

FIGS. 8 to 10

different embodiments of the air outlet according to FIG. 5 but using differently designed actuators,

FIG. 11

the air outlet according to FIG. 10 in different operating positions,

FIG. 12

a variant of the embodiment of FIG. 11 .

FIGS. 13 and 14

according to the room FIG. 2 with operating air outlet and indicated flow pattern at full load and at partial load, and

FIG. 15

a diagram relating to the performance of the air outlet in dependence on the supplied volume flow of air.

The FIG. 1 shows an area of a room 1 of a building, preferably an industrial hall. For ventilation, for heating and / or for cooling, at least one air outlet 2 is arranged in the space 1 and is arranged standing on a floor 3 of the room 1. The air outlet 2 is supplied via an air line 4 with air. Preferably, the air duct 4 is installed under a ceiling 5 of the room 1 and leads from above to the air outlet 2, as shown in FIG. 1 seen. The air supplied via the air line 4 to the air outlet 2 is preferably treated centrally, in particular treated by having a sufficient fresh air portion, for example, cooled, heated and / or moistened. In the FIG. 2 a similar arrangement is shown, but the air outlet 2 is not placed on the floor 3 of the room 1, but hanging in the room 1 is arranged. The suspension device is in the FIG. 2 not shown. Preferably, the air outlet 2 with its bottom is about two to three meters above the bottom 3. In any case, so in the embodiment of FIG. 1 and also in the embodiment of FIG. 2 , should the room air of the room 1 in the vicinity of the air outlet 2 are treated by ventilation technology, so it should be done in particular a ventilation and / or air conditioning, preferably also a pollutant dilution takes place, so contaminated with pollutants room air through the Supply air of the air outlet is reduced in the pollutant content. In the case of ventilation, cooling and / or heating a corresponding effect must always be achieved in a living zone of the room 1, that is, where, for example, people in the room 1 reside and / or machines are, for example, fresh air / Treated air can be discharged by means of the air outlet 2, where appropriate, a heating effect or a cooling effect can be realized, that is, the exiting the air outlet 2 air is cooler than the room air or warmer than the room air. In the case of pure ventilation, the air emerging from the air outlet 2 approximately has the temperature of the room air. In the case of cooling, it must be ensured that in the area of the floor 3, in particular in the occupied zone, temperatures that are too low are not perceived as being uncomfortable by persons staying there. Also, this often occurs drafts, which negatively affect the comfort. In the case of heating, it must be ensured that the air emerging from the air outlet 2 reaches the area of the floor 3, in particular the occupied zone, where it remains as long as possible and does not rise shortly after leaving the air outlet 2 to the ceiling 5 of the room 1 then the heating effect is ineffective and an unpleasant room climate could be created. By means of the invention, the points listed here as negative can be eliminated, so that a pleasant room atmosphere can be realized even in very high industrial halls. The air outlet 2 is usually also referred to as industrial air outlet.

The FIG. 3 illustrates the air outlet 2, which has a hollow body 6. The hollow body 6 has a lateral surface 7 and two mutually opposite end surfaces 8 and 9. In the region of the end face 8, an air inlet 10 is formed, in particular realized by means of a connecting piece 11, which in the FIG. 3 is not shown in detail. In general, to all figures of this application, it should be noted that they are schematic representations. In operation, the air line 4 according to the Figures 1 or 2 connected. The end face 9 forms a bottom 12 of the hollow body 6, wherein the bottom 12 is firmly closed, the hollow body 6 has accordingly at the lower end 40, ie in the region of the bottom 12, no opening and can not be opened there.

The hollow body 6 has a longitudinal extent, which is characterized by a longitudinal axis 13. The longitudinal axis 13 extends from the end face 8 to the end face 9 and represents a central axis of the hollow body 6. Preferably, the hollow body 6 is formed around the longitudinal axis 13 around cylindrical. In the embodiment of FIG. 3 the hollow body 6 - seen along the longitudinal axis 13 - seen two sections 14 and 15, wherein the upper portion 14 is formed as a polygonal cylinder 16, in particular eight-corner cylinder 17, and the lower portion 15 as a circular cylinder 18. The air connection piece 11 at the upper end 19 of the hollow body 6 preferably has a circular cross-section. The different cross-sectional designs are the FIG. 4 clearly removable, which shows a plan view of the end face 8 of the air outlet 2.

Due to the polygonal cylinder 16, the jacket wall is formed in this section 14 of the hollow body 6 by a plurality of planar wall parts 20, which are arranged at an angle to each other. In the lower portion 15 of the hollow body is due to the design as a circular cylinder 18 before a peripheral with a corresponding radius shell wall. There are a plurality of air outlet openings 21 are provided, which enforce the lateral surface 22 of the entire air outlet 2, so the entire hollow body 6, accordingly in the upper portion 14, the individual wall portions 20 and in the lower portion 15 to enforce the circular cylinder 18. From the FIG. 3 the air outlet openings 21 in the upper portion 14 are clearly visible. The air outlet openings 21 in the lower section 15 are in the FIG. 3 indicated by a corresponding dashed line. The air outlet openings 21 in the upper section 14 all have the same cross-section. The air outlet openings 21 in the lower section 15 are designed such that downwards, ie in the direction of the floor 12, the diameter of the air outlet openings 21 located there is reduced. In particular, it is provided that the diameters of the air outlet openings 21 in the upper section 14 are smaller than the smallest diameters of the air outlet openings 21 in the lower section 15. Alternatively, it may also be provided that the air outlet openings 21 are distributed in the lower section such that the number from above becomes smaller down, but all have the same diameter. Alternatively - but not shown - may be provided instead of the air outlet 21 and air nozzles, which then with regard to their Outlet cross sections are designed according to the above-explained diameter of the air outlet openings 21. If in the course of this application of a diameter of an air outlet 21 is mentioned, this does not mean that it must be a circular opening, but there may be other hole shapes that unfold a corresponding effect based on the free cross-section. If one considers the sum of the free cross sections of the air outlet openings 21 in the upper section, it is preferably provided that this sum is smaller than the sum of the free cross sections in the lower section.

In the lower portion 15 of the hollow body 6, an optional inner cylinder 23 may be located, which is preferably also designed as a circular cylinder and has a smaller diameter than the circular cylinder 18. The outer surface of the inner cylinder 23 is provided with air passage openings 24. Optionally, the possibility that the free cross sections of the air passage openings 24 seen from top to bottom, ie in the direction of the bottom 12, zoom out, in particular according to the air outlet 21 of the circular cylinder 18. Optional is also the arrangement of diaphragm rings 55 between the circular cylinder 18 and the inner cylinder 23 (FIG. FIG. 3 ).

In an intermediate zone 25, which is located between the upper portion 14 and the lower portion 15 of the air outlet 2, an adjusting device 26 is disposed in the interior of the hollow body 6, which in the FIG. 3 is shown only schematically. The adjusting device 26 is designed in particular as a throttle device 27, that is, it throttles acting on an air flow, which is present in the interior of the hollow body 6 in that a volume flow of air is supplied to the air inlet 10, from the lateral surface 22, ie from the plurality the air outlet openings 21 located there of the air outlet 2 accordingly exits and enters the room 1, there to realize a ventilation, heating and / or cooling. Due to the lying in the intermediate zone 25 actuator 26, a corresponding air pressure ratio upstream and downstream of the actuator 26 is set depending on the throttle effect of the actuator 26, ie above the actuator 26, namely in the interior of the upper portion 14, or downstream of the actuator 26, ie Interior of the lower portion 15 of the Hollow body 6. During operation of the air outlet 2, so when feeding a flow of air in the air inlet 10, therefore, due to the correspondingly controlled or regulated throttling effect of the actuator 26 in the upper portion 14 of the hollow body 6, such a large pressure of the air set that the air outlet openings 21 located there outlet mixed air 29, the air outlet openings 21 located there thus act as mixed air outlet openings 30. In the lower section 15 of the hollow body 6, a lower pressure of the air inside the hollow body 6 of the air outlet 2 prevail, so that the air emerging from the air outlet openings 21 there is source air 31, the respective air outlet openings 21 thus act as source air outlet openings 41. The mixed air 29 indicated by an arrow produces an induction effect, since it has a corresponding high speed, that is, room air is mixed with the air emerging from these air outlet openings 21. This results in the name mixed air. In the source air 31, which is represented by a dashed arrow, it is air at low speed, that is, there is no induction with the room air instead, but it forms quasi laterally or below the air outlet 2 in the room 1 a corresponding source air lake. From the above it follows that from the air outlet openings 21 of the polygonal cylinder 16, the mixed air 29 and that from the air outlet openings 21 of the circular cylinder 18, the source air 31 exits.

Of particular importance is that the air outlet 2 carries out a heating operation or a cooling operation as a function of the temperature of the air introduced into the air inlet 10. If there is no temperature treatment of the supplied air, ventilation takes place. It is also important how large the volume flow of the air inlet 10 supplied air. If full load is present, then the size of the volume flow supplied to the air inlet has a maximum value for the size of the air outlet 2. If a smaller volume flow is supplied to the air inlet 10, then the air outlet 2 operates in part-load operation. The part-load operation includes a plurality of operating states, for example, stepped possible sizes of the volume flows. However, a continuously adjustable size of the volume flow is also conceivable.

The invention makes it possible to blow off mixed air in the upper region 28 of the hollow body 6 and source air in the lower region 32. The upper portion 28 is in the embodiment of FIG. 3 in the polygonal cylinder 16 and the lower portion 32 is in the embodiment of the FIG. 3 at the circular cylinder 18 before. By this different Luftausströmarten, namely on the one hand as mixed air 29 and on the other hand as source air 31 causes the mixing air 29 pushes over the source air 31, so that the source air 31 is in the region of the bottom 3 of the room 1, which is particularly important in the heating case is. Because the mixed air 29 prevents the source air 31 from rising, since the mixed air 29 covers the source air 31, warm air "trapped" in the heating area in the area of the bottom 3, whereby a good heating effect and a pleasant room climate is created in the room 1. In detail is in the FIGS. 13 and 14 the effect described above, wherein the FIG. 13 the air outlet 2 at full load and the FIG. 14 shows the air outlet 2 in partial load operation.

At full load, so at maximum, the air inlet 2 supplied, in particular by means of the air line 4 supplied volume flow of air enters this in the interior of the air outlet 2 and - according to FIG. 13 - From the upper portion 14 as mixed air 29 from. Due to the throttling action of the adjusting device 26 further air exits from the lower portion 15 as source air 31 from. It is in the FIGS. 13 and 14 recognizable that the mixed air 29 pushes over the source air 31, so that, for example, in the heating case, when warm air exits, the high velocity, especially high impulse emerging mixed air 29 quasi erected a screen over the source air 31 and thereby the source air in the area the floor 3 of the room 1 holds. Would you now move from full load case in the partial load case, that is, reduce the volume flow of the air inlet 10 air supplied, for example, to half compared to the full load case, so is not guaranteed without the invention that in the upper portion 14, a sufficient air pressure, the leads to the fact that mixed air 29 exits from the upper portion 14, which is in particular also able to umbrella-like the further below, namely from the lower portion 15 emerging source air 31 to cover. For this reason, a throttling is brought about by means of the adjusting device 26 such that a corresponding dynamic pressure in the upper portion 14 sets, which is sufficiently large to the air from the upper Air outlet openings 21 at high speed, especially with a high pulse, leak, so there is mixed air 29. The result is that even at partial load according to FIG. 14 a corresponding screen of mixed air 29 is formed, below which the source air 31 is "trapped". Depending on the partial load case, so the size of the partial load case, so the actuator 26 is active by being adjustable. In particular, it is provided that the adjusting device 26 with respect to its air passage cross section and / or in view of their local position within the hollow body 6, is adjustable to the above-mentioned principle of air distribution in each operating case, ie under full load and also under any part load case to uphold.

The FIGS. 5 to 7 illustrate an embodiment of the air outlet 2, the design of the air outlet 2 of the FIG. 3 corresponds, wherein the throttle device 27 acting as adjusting device 26 is formed in this embodiment as a damper (throttle element 54), namely centrally mounted double flap 33. The double flap 33 can be adjusted manually or by means of a motor drive. The device for manual adjustment or the motorized adjustment is not shown in detail, but can be realized by the average person skilled in the art. The FIG. 5 shows the double flap 33 in the fully open state. In the FIG. 6 is the double flap 33 partially closed and in the FIG. 7 completely closed. The FIG. 5 illustrates the full load case, so that emerges from the upper section 14 mixed air and from the lower section 15 of source air. If not the full load case, but a partial load case before, that is, the volume flow of the air inlet 10 supplied air is smaller than in the full load case, the double flap 33 is so far closed according to the size of the partial load case that further from the upper portion 14 mixed air and from the lower section 15 exiting source air. If there is only a very small partial load case, that is to say that only a very small volume flow is supplied to the air outlet 2, then the situation can be determined according to FIG FIG. 7 occur, that is, the double flap 33 is closed and acts strongly throttling, so that mainly air exiting from the upper portion 14.

The FIGS. 8 to 10 show various embodiments of the adjusting device 26 with a corresponding throttle element 54, namely in the case of FIG. 8 as aperture 34, in the Trap of FIG. 9 as butterfly flap 35 and in the case of FIG. 10 As a plate 36, in particular plate 37. The aperture 34 and the butterfly flap 35 are respectively fixed within the volume of the hollow body 6, that is, their spatial position is fixed, but they can cause depending on the load case, the throttle effect by appropriate Luftdurchlassquerschnittsverstellung. The plate 36, however, is displaceably mounted within the hollow body 6, so can change their position. For this purpose, for example, a guide rod 38 may be disposed within the hollow body 6, preferably along the longitudinal axis 13, on which the plate 36, which extends transversely, in particular at right angles, to the longitudinal axis 13, is mounted, so that they are displaced in the direction of the double arrow 39 can. In the embodiment of FIG. 10 if it is not in its uppermost position, but is shut down a bit, wherein this shutdown can be effected manually, can be effected by a motor, but preferably takes place automatically, namely as a function of the air pressure, which builds up inside the hollow body 6. Since the supply with the air flow from above takes place, a higher air pressure is set up in the hollow body 6, as below in the hollow body 6, wherein depending on the pressure, that is, depending on the supplied volume flow and thus depending on the present load case, a corresponding displacement the plate 36 is effected. It is crucial in the automatic displacement case, however, that a restoring force for the plate 36 is present, as can be seen from the FIG. 11 results.

In the embodiment of FIG. 11 has the adjusting device 26 according to the FIG. 10 the displaceable plate 36, which is designed in particular as a plate 37 and can be displaced on the guide rod 38 in the direction of the double arrow 39. On the downstream side, the plate 36 has a compression spring 43 acting as a force accumulator 42, which is designed as a helical compression spring 44 and reverses the guide rod 38. One end 45 of the helical compression spring 44 is supported on the plate 36 and the other end 46 on the bottom 12, preferably within a receiving sleeve 47 arranged there. In operation, according to arrow 48, a volume flow of supplied air is fed into the upper end 19 of the hollow body 6. Due to the air pressure prevailing upstream of the plate 36, the plate 36 is against the force of the energy storage device 42 in the direction of the ground 12 moves. This in the FIG. 11 shown in dashed lines. The arrangement is made in such a way that mixed air 29 emerges from the air outlet openings 21 located in the polygonal cylinder 16 and that source air 31 exits from the air outlet openings 21 located in the circular cylinder 18. Alternatively, however, the construction may also be designed differently, for example such that the helical compression spring 44 is supported on a transverse element of the guide rod 38, that is, it does not extend to the bottom 12.

The FIG. 12 shows a further embodiment, the embodiment of the FIG. 11 corresponds and only differs in that as power storage 42, a tension spring 49 is used, which is designed as a helical tension spring 50. The helical tension spring 50 is attached to the housing of the air outlet 2, for example to the hollow body 6 or, if present, to the inner cylinder 23 at one end. The other end is connected to a balance weight 51, to which a slippery traction means 52 is attached, which leads into an upper inner region of the air outlet 2, where it is deflected by means of a deflection device 53 by 180 ° and is secured to the plate 36. The functioning of the FIG. 12 corresponds to the functioning of the FIG. 11 However, wherein the balance weight 51 at least partially compensates for the weight of the plate 36, whereby an optimal calibration of the device can take place.

Due to the invention, very large rooms, such as industrial halls, atria, concert halls and so on can be optimally ventilated or tempered, the operation can be done with constant flow or variable volume flow and is possible under full load and / or under partial load. An optimal ventilation result in all load cases with very high thermal comfort even at a small distance from the air outlet 2 can be achieved. The invention allows in all load cases a mixing ventilation combined with a displacement ventilation. The mixing ventilation preferably has inductive single jets which emerge from the air outlet openings 21. In order to adjust the aforementioned full load case or partial load case, it is conceivable that upstream of the air outlet 2, an adjustable throttle element is arranged, which can be adjusted according to the desired requirements. In the case of the air outlet according to the invention, there are quasi two ventilation outlets connected in series for ventilation, heating and / or ventilation Cooling with interposed throttle element before, namely the one air outlet for mixed air and the other air outlet for the source air, with no costly measures to switch a flow profile or the like are necessary. Due to the invention, it is sufficient to cover the occurring in practice applications, to offer only about three sizes of the air outlet.

With regard to the embodiment of the FIG. 3 the hollow body of two concrete components, namely the polygonal cylinder 16 and the circular cylinder 18 is formed, due to the invention always mixed air from the polygonal cylinder 16 and source air from the circular cylinder 18 exits. The polygonal cylinder 16 can therefore also be referred to as a mixing head.

Alternatively, however, it can also be provided that the hollow body 7 has no such structural division into two special types of cylinders, but that due to the adjusting device 26, the pressure in the interior of the hollow body 6 is controlled / regulated such that in an upper part mixed air and in a lower Part source air leaks, and this in every load case, ie at full load and in any part load case. In this case, depending on the load case, the function of the air outlet openings vary (once as Mischluftauslassöffnungen, another time as Quellluftauslassöffnungen).

The FIG. 15 shows a diagram. The abscissa shows the volume flow V of the air inlet 10 supplied air and the ordinate a pressure difference .DELTA.p, wherein the pressure difference, the pressure of the air inside the polygonal cylinder 16 (eg FIG. 3 ) to the external pressure, ie the air pressure outside of the air outlet 2. Shown are two characteristic curves, namely the characteristic curve A, which relates to the mixed air when the adjusting device 26 is closed (closed means minimum air passage opening and starting position or approximately starting position (if there is a positionable adjusting device 26)). The characteristic B relates to the mixed air and the source air at the maximum open actuator 26 and the maximum displacement actuator 26. Due to the actuator 26 results from the diagram of FIG. 15 Resulting control or regulating behavior: Starting with a volume flow V = 0 m ³ / h, the adjusting device 26 is closed and / or is in the starting position. With small volume flows V, a corresponding pre-pressure (dynamic pressure) builds up in the polygonal cylinder 16 (mixing head), so that mixed air emerges from it. A portion of the air of the supplied volume flow V exits from the air outlet openings 21 of the circular cylinder 18 as source air. Upon further increase of the volume flow V, the adjusting device 26 opens further and / or it is displaced locally, so that the excess of the previous operating point further increased amount of air passes mainly through the circular cylinder 18 as source air in the room to be ventilated. The portion of the air leaving the polygonal cylinder 16 remains substantially constant. Overall, an extremely large control / regulation range is thereby achieved with stable space flow and constant flow shape. The area between the two characteristic curves A and B represents the control range of the arrangement.

Due to the invention, an air outlet in the form of a hollow body, the lateral surface is provided with air outlet opening, wherein the bottom is closed or at least partially closed and which is provided with an air inlet opposite the bottom, wherein at maximum flow (full load), the air outlet in a Upper portion of the hollow body, in which a static pressure p _M is present, as Mischauslassöffnungen and in a lower portion of the hollow body (in which a static pressure p _Q is present) serve as Quellluftauslassöffnungen, wherein disposed in the interior of the hollow body actuating device is provided at reduced volume flow (part load) keeps the pressure prevailing in the interior of the upper region p _{M of} the air (where p _{M is} greater p _Q ) that mixed air exits. Preferably, there is a mixed ventilation form, consisting of the discharge of mixed air and the emission of source air.

It is preferably provided that the free cross section of the sum of the air outlet openings in the upper portion of the hollow body is at most half as large as the free cross section of the sum of the air outlet openings in the lower portion of the hollow body.

It is further provided that the adjustment range / control range of the volume flows of the air outlet relates to the ratio of the volume flows of both flow forms (Mixed air and source air, where the volume flow of the mixed air is denoted by V _M and the volume flow of the source air with V _Q. The relationship applies: $${\mathrm{V}}_{\mathrm{M}}/{\mathrm{V}}_{\mathrm{Q}}=\mathrm{1}/\mathrm{10}\mathrm{to}\mathrm{1}/\mathrm{4th}$$

Claims (27)

Air outlet in the form of a hollow body having a lateral surface and opposite end surfaces, wherein the lateral surface is provided with air outlet and one of the end faces has an air inlet, at full load, the air outlet in an upper portion of the hollow body as Mischluftauslassöffnungen and in a lower portion of the hollow body as Quellluftauslassöffnungen serve, and the full load by the size of the air inlet supplied volume flow of the air is defined, characterized by an inside of the hollow body (6) arranged adjusting device (26), even at partial load in the interior of this or an upper portion (28) prevailing pressure of the air keeps so large that continue mixed air (29) from at least a portion of the air outlet openings (21) emerges. Air outlet according to claim 1, characterized in that the adjusting device (26) is a throttle device (27) which can be adjusted in its air passage cross-section. Air outlet according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the adjusting device (26) in its in the hollow body (6) present position adjustable throttle device (27). Air outlet according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the air inlet (10) opposite end face (9) is designed as a bottom (12), wherein the bottom (12) is closed or substantially closed. Air outlet according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hollow body (6) has a longitudinal axis (13) leading from the air inlet (10) to the bottom (12) and that the adjustment of the position of the throttle device (27) along the longitudinal axis (13 ) of the hollow body (6). Air outlet according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the adjusting device (26) between an upper zone (58) and the lower zone (59) of the hollow body (6) is arranged. Air outlet according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the adjusting device (26) is a depending on the load condition manually, motor and / or automatically with respect to the air passage cross-section and / or the local position adjustable throttle device (27). Air outlet according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the adjusting device (26) against the force of an energy accumulator (42) positionally displaceable along the longitudinal axis (13), in particular in the direction of the bottom (12) in the hollow body (6) is mounted. Air outlet according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the throttle device (27) has at least one throttle element (54) which can be adjusted in the air passage cross section. Air outlet according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the throttle element (54) manually, motorically and / or automatically, in particular against the force of a force storage device in the air passage cross section is adjustable. Air outlet according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the displacement with respect to the position and / or the adjustment with respect to the air passage cross section of the throttle element (54) by a force acting on the throttle element (54) back pressure of the air resulting force. Air outlet according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the throttle element (54) a position displaceable plate (36), in particular a plate (37), a flap pivotally mounted on the edge, a centrally or approximately centrally mounted double flap (33), a diaphragm ( 34) and / or a butterfly flap (35). Air outlet according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the energy accumulator (42) and / or the energy storage device comprises a tension spring (49), a compression spring (43), a torsion spring, in particular helical spring or worm spring. Air outlet according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the energy accumulator (42) has a tension spring (49) which deflects with a pliable traction means (52) and a deflecting device (53) deflecting the pliable traction means (52), in particular by 180 ° Deflection device (53) is connected. Air outlet according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the traction means (52) with a balance weight (51), in particular for at least partial compensation of the weight of the throttle element (54) is connected. Air outlet according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hollow body (6) - seen along the longitudinal axis (13) - two sections (14,15), wherein the upper portion (14) has a polygonal cylinder (16), in particular eight Corner cylinder (17), and the lower portion (15) has a circular cylinder (18). Air outlet according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the lower portion (15) an inner cylinder (23) is arranged, the air passage openings (24). Air outlet according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the free cross sections of the air outlet openings (21) of at least part of the hollow body (6) and / or the free cross sections of the air passage openings (24) of the inner cylinder (23) - in the direction of the longitudinal axis (13) seen from the air inlet (10) to the bottom (12) - zoom out. Air outlet according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least in an upper part of the lower portion (15) of the hollow body (6) an aperture ring (55) or more, in the direction of the longitudinal axis (13) spaced-apart diaphragm rings (55) between the hollow body (6) and the inner cylinder (23) is arranged / are. Air outlet according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the air inlet (10) on a connecting piece (11) is formed. Air outlet according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the throttle device (27), in particular at least in zero load operation, between the upper (14) and the lower portion (15) of the hollow body (6). Air outlet according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the plate (36), in particular plate (37), formed throttle element (54) has a peripheral edge at a distance from the inside of the hollow body (6) and / or inner cylinder (23) lies. Air outlet according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the plate (36), in particular the plate (37), transversely, in particular at right angles, to the longitudinal axis (13) of the hollow body (6). Air outlet according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the adjusting device (26) performs a control operation or a control operation. Method for operating an air outlet formed in the form of a hollow body, in particular according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein air supplied to an upper end of the hollow body exits or substantially exits from air outlet openings on a lateral surface of the hollow body, characterized in that , depending on the size of the Volume flow of the supplied air, the air pressure in the interior of the hollow body (6) is controlled or regulated so that from the in an upper region (28) of the hollow body (6) located air outlet openings (21) always mixed air (29) emerges and preferably that from the in a lower region (32) of the hollow body (6) located air outlet openings (21) always source air (31) emerges. A method according to claim 25, characterized in that the air pressure in the hollow body (6) by adjusting an air passage cross section of / arranged in the interior of the hollow body actuating device (26) and / or by means of a local position adjustment of a / in the interior of the hollow body (6) displaceable arranged adjusting device (26) is controlled or regulated. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that , depending on the size of the volume flow of the supplied air, in particular in a heating operation of the air outlet (2), the mixed air (29) is blown above the source air (31) such that the mixed air (29 ) over the source air (31).

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