EP3126583B1 - Formwork plate for walls and arches - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the field of support elements for real estate construction by formwork using shuttering plates. It finds for particularly advantageous application the field of realization of any type of building elements, for a building, for example walls, floors, vaults and ceilings in which at least one lost formwork and self-stabilized is used.

STATE OF THE ART

There are several types of form plates for forming a formwork that will be filled with a filler material to be solidified and form a framework for a variable form building element.

The document FR-A-913,772 describes a formwork serving both to immobilize a fluid filling material for building a decorative element and construction element on this element. The formwork described in this document is made from parts each comprising a panel and a spacer secured to each other, the spacer extending perpendicularly to the panel.

The formwork is formed of several parts of which at least two parts head to tail defining a parallelepiped interior space for receiving a filling material. The delimitation of the interior space is obtained on each of two opposite sides of the assembly formed by the two parts by a spacer and on each of the other sides by a panel. The panel is intended to form the visible portion of a wall while the spacer is embedded in a filler material. In the case of a succession of two-piece assemblies as previously mentioned, the spacers of two successive sets are each pierced with a hole so that the filling material can flow from a set of two pieces to the assembly. following to fill the succession of interior spaces of the sets.

Such formwork has many disadvantages. First, it is not possible to enlarge it laterally except to put series of successive sets laterally against each other. On the other hand, the method of securing the shuttering plates is not easy, since it is necessary to provide a fastening element added between the spacers of two successive parts, this element being for example a "ce". Finally, the unitary piece is always of a large size because of the presence of the spacer perpendicular to the panel.

The purpose of the present invention is, firstly, to design a formwork plate having a minimal bulk while being easy to adapt with other plates to obtain a simple and effective formwork formed of several plates and on the other hand, to ensure for the formwork thus formed a maintenance of the plates the component even prior to the complete introduction of a filling material inside the formwork.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

For this purpose, the invention relates to a shuttering plate comprising a flat central body, preferably rectangular. The central body is extended on a first side by a first series of flat tabs and on a second opposite side by a second series of flat tabs, the flat tabs extending in the plane of the body leaving a spacing between flat tabs of the same series, the formwork plate further having first and second sets of tongues inclined with at least some, and preferably each, inclined tongues of the first set extending in the spacing between two flat tabs of the first series and at least some, and preferably each, inclined tabs of the second set extending in the spacing between two flat tabs of the second set, the inclined tabs of the first and second sets being inclined away from the central planar body each having a portion slanted and a flat distal end portion extending parallel to the flat tabs in a distributed plane nct of the body plan. Such a substantially flat formwork plate due to its rectangular flat body has a small footprint. This allows in particular easy stacking of the shuttering plates before use, especially on a pallet, the inclined tabs pointing above the stack.

In addition, the method of securing a plate with a plate lying in its extension is already present on the plate in the form of the flat tabs and their spacing between them, which simplifies the joining of such plates.

This is made possible by a different distribution of the sets of flat tabs on two sides of the plate, these series being complementary, the tongues of a first series of tongues on one side of a first plate that can be inserted between the tongues of the plate. a second series of tongues of a second plate disposed in the extension of the first plate.

The distal end portion of each inclined tongue which is flat is intended to bear against the body of the plate vis-à-vis and at least contributes to the provisional stability of the plates relative to each other , the plates then forming a formwork.

Finally, the inclined tongues will make it possible to define a volume between two plates facing the inclined tongues of the plates facing each other, which volume forms the volume of the formwork and is intended at least partially to contain a material , designated filling material. The at least partial introduction of a material into at least a part of the volume will make it possible to stiffen the assembly by freezing the inclined tabs in the material and preventing any unexpected movement of these inclined tongues, hence a self-forming formwork. stabilized in maintenance.

• au moins deux premières plaques de coffrage se joignant de manière à ce que leur corps soit disposé dans un même premier plan,
• au moins deux deuxièmes plaques de coffrage se joignant de manière à ce que leur corps soit disposé dans un même deuxième plan différent du premier plan et parallèle au premier plan,
• lesdites au moins deux premières et deuxièmes plaques étant disposées à distance l'une de l'autre et dos à dos c'est-à-dire avec leurs languettes inclinées en vis-à-vis de manière à délimiter au moins partiellement un volume intercalé entre premières et deuxièmes plaques,
• les languettes inclinées desdites au moins deux premières et deuxièmes plaques étant conformées de manière à coopérer pour former dans ledit volume au moins trois zones dont la périphérie est au moins partiellement délimitée par les languettes inclinées.

According to another object of the invention, there is provided a formwork comprising at least four such formwork plates characterized in that it comprises:

• at least two first formwork plates joining so that their body is arranged in the same foreground,
• at least two second shuttering plates joining so that their body is disposed in the same second plane different from the first plane and parallel to the foreground,
• said at least two first and second plates being arranged at a distance from each other and back to back, that is to say with their tabs inclined vis-à-vis so as to delimit at least partially a volume inserted between first and second plates,
• the inclined tabs of said at least two first and second plates being shaped so as to cooperate to form in said volume at least three zones whose periphery is at least partially defined by the inclined tabs.

In addition to the advantages already mentioned with regard to the formwork plate and which are also valid for the formwork, the formwork according to the invention has a division of the interior volume of the formwork into several zones.

This makes it possible to fill for only four plates grouped two by two only one first zone of a material in order to have a maintenance at least prior to the formwork thus mounted but which remains advantageously definitive, this first zone being delimited by the cooperation of sets of inclined tongues of the first and second plates lying vis-à-vis.

The quantity of material to be poured into the first zone for first and second plates, ie at least four plates with at least two plates secured in relation to the two other plates that are also secured, is thus reduced compared to that which would be to be poured in the whole volume between first and second plates. The combination of inclined tongues as proposed in the present invention makes it possible to obtain at least a first substantially closed zone in a direction perpendicular to the first and second plates for filling with the material, hence little loss of material in the rest of the volume.

According to another object of the invention, there is provided a building assembly of the type comprising at least one of a wall, a floor, a vault or a ceiling or at least two of these elements, characterized in that it comprises at least one such formwork, at least a first of said at least three zones being filled with a curable material of the concrete, cement, clay or binder type.

The first filled zone is advantageously a reduced zone corresponding, for example, to an area delimited by the inclined tongues of the first, second, third and fourth shuttering plates. This filling makes it possible to guarantee the formwork a stability of assembly then of operation. The material is curable or in a closed bag and advantageously fast setting to solidify the formwork as quickly as possible. Then, the other areas of the formwork may also be filled with a material that may be similar to or different from the material of the first area.

• solidarisation d'au moins deux plaques disposées dans le prolongement l'une de l'autre par insertion des languettes planes de l'une dans les espacements entre languettes planes de l'autre afin d'obtenir au moins deux premières plaques,
• solidarisation de deux plaques disposées dans le prolongement l'une de l'autre par insertion des languettes planes de l'une dans les espacements entre languettes planes de l'autre afin d'obtenir au moins deux deuxièmes plaques,
• positionnement desdites au moins deux premières et deux deuxièmes plaques avec leurs languettes inclinées en vis-à-vis,
• insertion des languettes inclinées desdites au moins deux premières plaques entre les languettes inclinées desdites au moins deux deuxièmes plaques jusqu'à ce que les portions d'extrémité distale plane des languettes inclinées desdites au moins deux premières plaques reposent sur lesdites au moins deux deuxièmes plaques et inversement,
• les languettes inclinées desdites au moins deux premières et deuxièmes plaques délimitant au moins partiellement au moins trois zones dans le volume entre lesdites au moins deux premières et lesdites au moins deux deuxièmes plaques, avec, pour la délimitation d'un côté d'une première zone, les languettes inclinées d'une desdites au moins deux premières plaques s'insérant entre les languettes inclinées d'une desdites au moins deux deuxièmes plaques et, pour la délimitation du côté opposé de la première zone, les languettes inclinées de l'autre desdites au moins deux premières plaques s'insérant entre les languettes inclinées de l'autre desdites au moins deux deuxièmes plaques,
• positionnement et maintien de plaques latérales sur au moins un côté ne portant pas de languettes desdites au moins deux premières et deuxièmes plaques,
• le cas échéant, répétition des étapes précédentes pour le positionnement de plaques supplémentaires dans le prolongement desdites au moins deux premières et deuxièmes plaques avec formation desdites au moins trois zones dont la première zone et/ou pour le positionnement de plaques latérales supplémentaires auxdites au moins deux premières et deuxièmes plaques,
• quand une construction dudit au moins un coffrage est complète pour la fabrication d'un ensemble de construction, introduction d'un matériau durcissable du type béton, ciment, argile ou liant ou sac de sable dans la ou chaque première zone,
• le cas échéant, introduction d'un matériau dans les zones restantes desdites au moins trois zones.

In the context of the invention, there is provided a method of manufacturing such a building assembly characterized by the following steps:

• joining at least two plates arranged in the extension of one another by insertion of the flat tabs of one in the spacings between the flat tabs of the other in order to obtain at least two first plates,
• securing two plates arranged in the extension of one another by inserting the flat tabs of one in the spacings between flat tabs of the other in order to obtain at least two second plates,
• positioning said at least two first and two second plates with their tongues inclined vis-à-vis,
• inserting the inclined tabs of said at least two first plates between the inclined tabs of said at least two second plates until the flat distal end portions of the inclined tabs of said at least two first plates rest on said at least two second plates and Conversely,
• the inclined tabs of said at least two first and second plates defining at least partially at least three zones in the volume between said at least two first and said at least two second plates, with, for the delimitation of one side of a first zone; the inclined tongues of one of the at least two first plates inserted between the inclined tongues of one of the at least two second plates and, for the delimitation of the opposite side of the first zone, the tongues inclined at the other of said at least two first plates inserted between the inclined tabs of the other of said at least two second plates,
• positioning and holding side plates on at least one non-tongue-bearing side of said at least two first and second plates,
• if necessary, repetition of the preceding steps for the positioning of additional plates in the extension of said at least two first and second plates with formation of said at least three zones including the first zone and / or for the positioning of additional side plates to said at least two first and second plates,
• when a construction of said at least one formwork is complete for the manufacture of a building assembly, introduction of a curable material of the concrete, cement, clay or binder or sandbag type in the or each first zone,
• where appropriate, introducing a material into the remaining areas of said at least three zones.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

• la figure 1 est une représentation schématique d'une vue de dessus d'un mode de réalisation d'une plaque de coffrage selon la présente invention, avec mention des cotes de cette plaque de coffrage pour ce mode de réalisation,
• la figure 1a est une représentation schématique d'une coupe transversale de la plaque de coffrage de la figure 1,
• la figure 2 est une représentation schématique d'une vue latérale d'un mode de réalisation d'un coffrage selon la présente invention, ce coffrage comportant au moins huit plaques de coffrage,
• la figure 3 est une représentation schématique d'une vue de dessus du mode de réalisation montré à la figure 1 pour une plaque de coffrage selon la présente invention avec détail des divers éléments présents dans la plaque de coffrage,
• la figure 4 est une représentation schématique d'une coupe transversale de la plaque de coffrage de la figure 3,
• la figure 5 est une représentation schématique d'une vue en perspective de la plaque de coffrage montrée aux figures 3 et 4,
• la figure 6 est une représentation schématique d'une vue en perspective d'un mode de réalisation d'un coffrage selon la présente invention, ce coffrage comportant au moins quatre plaques de coffrage,
• la figure 7 est une représentation schématique d'une coupe transversale d'un mode de réalisation d'un coffrage selon la présente invention,
• la figure 8 est une représentation schématique d'une coupe d'un ensemble de construction comprenant deux murs, un plancher et une voûte, cet ensemble étant fabriqué à partir d'au moins un coffrage selon la présente invention,
• la figure 9 est une représentation schématique en perspective d'un détail de la jonction d'une voûte avec un mur dans un ensemble de construction fabriqué à partir d'au moins un coffrage selon la présente invention,
• la figure 10 est une représentation schématique en perspective d'un coffrage selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention comprenant deux premières plaques de coffrage en vis-à-vis de deux deuxièmes plaques de coffrage, des zones délimitées par les languettes inclinées des plaques de coffrage étant visibles à cette figure,
• la figure 11 est une représentation schématique d'une vue latérale en perspective du mode de réalisation d'un coffrage selon la figure 10, le volume entre premières et deuxièmes plaques de coffrage étant particulièrement bien visible à cette figure avec identification d'au moins trois zones délimitées par les languettes inclinées,
• la figure 12 est une représentation schématique d'une vue latérale en perspective d'un mode de réalisation d'une plaque de coffrage selon la présente invention,
• la figure 13 est une représentation schématique d'une vue de dessous en perspective de la plaque de coffrage selon la figure 12,
• la figure 14 est une représentation schématique d'une vue de dessus en perspective d'un empilement pour leur transport de plaques de coffrage, chaque plaque de coffrage étant similaire à celle montrée aux figures 12 et 13.

The objects, objects, as well as the features and advantages of the invention will become more apparent from the detailed description of an embodiment thereof which is illustrated by the following accompanying drawings in which:

• the figure 1 is a schematic representation of a top view of an embodiment of a shuttering plate according to the present invention, with mention of the dimensions of this shuttering plate for this embodiment,
• the figure 1a is a schematic representation of a cross section of the formwork plate of the figure 1 ,
• the figure 2 is a schematic representation of a side view of an embodiment of a formwork according to the present invention, this formwork comprising at least eight formwork plates,
• the figure 3 is a schematic representation of a top view of the embodiment shown in FIG. figure 1 for a shuttering plate according to the present invention with detail of the various elements present in the shuttering plate,
• the figure 4 is a schematic representation of a cross section of the formwork plate of the figure 3 ,
• the figure 5 is a schematic representation of a perspective view of the formwork plate shown in FIGS. Figures 3 and 4 ,
• the figure 6 is a schematic representation of a perspective view of an embodiment of a formwork according to the present invention, this formwork comprising at least four formwork plates,
• the figure 7 is a schematic representation of a cross section of an embodiment of a formwork according to the present invention,
• the figure 8 is a schematic representation of a section of a building assembly comprising two walls, a floor and a vault, this assembly being made from at least one formwork according to the present invention,
• the figure 9 is a diagrammatic representation in perspective of a detail of the junction of a vault with a wall in a building assembly made from at least one formwork according to the present invention,
• the figure 10 is a schematic representation in perspective of a formwork according to an embodiment of the invention comprising two first formwork plates vis-à-vis two second formwork plates, zones defined by the inclined tongues of the formwork plates being visible in this figure,
• the figure 11 is a schematic representation of a perspective side view of the embodiment of a formwork according to the figure 10 , the volume between first and second shuttering plates being particularly visible in this figure with identification of at least three zones delimited by the inclined tongues,
• the figure 12 is a schematic representation of a perspective side view of an embodiment of a shuttering plate according to the present invention,
• the figure 13 is a schematic representation of a perspective bottom view of the shuttering plate according to the figure 12 ,
• the figure 14 is a schematic representation of a top view in perspective of a stack for their transport of shuttering plates, each shuttering plate being similar to that shown in FIGS. Figures 12 and 13 .

The drawings are given by way of examples and are not limiting of the invention. They constitute schematic representations of principle intended to facilitate the understanding of the invention and are not necessarily at the scale of practical applications. In particular, the dimensions of the different pieces are not representative of reality.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

• chaque portion inclinée des languettes inclinées forme un angle avec la portion des languettes planes rattachée au corps central de même qu'avec la portion d'extrémité distale plane, cet angle étant compris entre 100 et 120° et de préférence entre 110° et 115°.
• ledit angle est égal à 112°.
• la portion inclinée de chaque languette inclinée est rattachée au corps central par une portion de raccordement plane.
• les côtés du corps central ne portant pas de languette portent chacun un ergot. Ceci est avantageux pour la solidarisation d'une plaque sur un côté ne portant les languettes.
• la première série de languettes planes sur le premier côté est décalée par rapport à la seconde série de languettes planes sur le deuxième côté, chaque languette plane de la première série étant alignée avec un espacement entre deux languettes planes de la seconde série et inversement, une des deux séries de languettes planes comprenant une languette de plus que l'autre série et le jeu de languettes inclinées, associée à ladite série de languettes planes avec une languette de plus, comprend une languette inclinée de moins. En effet comme il sera vu dans la suite, le but des languettes planes est d'assurer le prolongement d'une plaque de coffrage par une autre plaque de coffrage. Une telle dissymétrie des séries de languettes planes permet à un premier côté d'une première plaque portant la première série de languettes planes d'être solidarisé à un deuxième côté portant la seconde série de languettes planes d'une autre plaque. Toutes les plaques de coffrage, à part possiblement les plaques d'extrémité d'un coffrage, sont donc les mêmes en présentant une dissymétrie de leurs séries de languettes, ce qui permet de n'utiliser qu'un unique type de plaques pour réaliser un coffrage.
• le nombre de languettes planes des première et seconde séries est respectivement de trois et quatre tandis que le nombre des languettes inclinées des premier et second jeux est respectivement de quatre et trois.
• la largeur des languettes planes d'une même série des première et seconde séries est constante pour toutes les languettes de la série et la largeur des espacements entre languettes planes d'une série des première et seconde séries est équivalente à la largeur des languettes planes de l'autre série.
• la plaque est en bois ou à base de particules agglomérées.
• la plaque est obtenue par moulage.
• pour le coffrage, les portions d'extrémité distale plane des languettes inclinées desdites au moins deux premières plaques reposent sur lesdites au moins deux deuxièmes plaques et inversement. Ces portions d'extrémité distale plane permettent un meilleur contact entre les languettes inclinées et la plaque de coffrage en vis-à-vis.
• le coffrage comprend des plaques de coffrage disposées latéralement auxdites au moins deux premières et deuxièmes plaques en étant adjacentes auxdites au moins deux premières et deuxièmes plaques sur un côté ne présentant pas de languettes, chaque plaque de coffrage présentant un ergot latéral sur chaque côté ne portant pas de languettes, l'ergot latéral de chaque plaque coopérant avec le corps d'une plaque placée latéralement et inversement pour le maintien des deux plaques l'une par rapport à l'autre. Ceci représente un moyen simple et efficace de solidariser deux plaques placées latéralement en utilisant toujours un seul et même type de plaques.
• les languettes planes d'une desdites deux premières plaques pénètrent dans les espacements entre les languettes planes de l'autre desdites deux premières plaques et les languettes planes d'une desdites deux deuxièmes plaques pénètrent dans les espacements entre les languettes planes de l'autre desdites deux deuxièmes plaques. Ainsi, il ne peut y avoir de jeu entre les languettes dans une direction perpendiculaire à celle de l'extension des languettes planes.
• une première zone desdites au moins trois zones est délimitée, d'un côté, par les languettes inclinées d'une desdites au moins deux premières plaques s'insérant entre les languettes inclinées d'une desdites au moins deux deuxièmes plaques et, d'un autre côté, par les languettes inclinées de l'autre desdites au moins deux premières plaques s'insérant entre les languettes inclinées de l'autre desdites au moins deux deuxièmes plaques, ladite première zone se trouvant au niveau de la jonction dans le prolongement l'une de l'autre respectivement desdites au moins deux premières et deuxièmes plaques. Comme il va être mieux détaillé ultérieurement, la création d'une première zone de volume réduit est très favorable pour solidifier le coffrage, même en cours de montage avec un ensemble de construction non encore achevé.
• les languettes inclinées associées des deux premières et deuxièmes plaques forment un X en fermant respectivement chaque côté de la première zone. La forme en X est avantageuse pour une délimitation des côtés de la première zone transversalement aux premières et deuxièmes plaques en contribuant à un confinement de la première zone.
• dans un ensemble de construction, au moins une première desdites au moins trois zones est remplie avec un matériau durcissable,
• dans cet ensemble de construction, le coffrage est traversé par des moyens de fixation du type vis, ces moyens de fixation étant figés dans le matériau sélectif après remplissage d'au moins une première desdites au moins trois zones. Ces moyens de fixation forment des points d'ancrage du coffrage dans le matériau alors durci et renforce le maintien des divers éléments du coffrage les uns par rapport aux autres d'où l'obtention d'un coffrage auto-stabilisé.

Before starting a detailed review of embodiments of the invention, are set forth below optional features that may optionally be used in combination or alternatively:

• each inclined portion of the inclined tabs forms an angle with the portion of the flat tabs attached to the central body and with the flat distal end portion, this angle being between 100 and 120 ° and preferably between 110 ° and 115 ° .
• said angle is 112 °.
• the inclined portion of each inclined tongue is attached to the central body by a flat connection portion.
• the sides of the central body not carrying a tongue each bear a lug. This is advantageous for the fastening of a plate on one side not carrying the tongues.
• the first series of flat tabs on the first side is offset from the second series of flat tabs on the second side, each flat tongue of the first series being aligned with a spacing between two flat tabs of the second series and vice versa, a two sets of flat tabs comprising one more tongue than the other and the set of inclined tongues associated with said series of flat tabs with one more tongue comprises one less inclined tongue. Indeed, as will be seen later, the purpose of the flat tabs is to ensure the extension of a formwork plate by another formwork plate. Such asymmetry of the series of flat tabs allows a first side of a first plate carrying the first series of flat tabs to be secured to a second side carrying the second series of flat tabs of another plate. All the formwork plates, apart from possibly the end plates of a formwork, are therefore the same by having an asymmetry of their series of tongues, which makes it possible to use only one type of plate to achieve a formwork.
• the number of flat tabs of the first and second series is respectively three and four while the number of inclined tabs of the first and second sets is respectively four and three.
• the width of the flat tabs of the same series of the first and second series is constant for all the tongues of the series and the width of the spacings between flat tabs of a series of the first and second series is equivalent to the width of the flat tabs of the other series.
• the plate is made of wood or agglomerated particles.
• the plate is obtained by molding.
• for the formwork, the planar distal end portions of the inclined tabs of said at least two first plates rest on said at least two second plates and vice versa. These flat distal end portions allow better contact between the inclined tongues and the shuttering plate vis-à-vis.
• the formwork comprises formwork plates arranged laterally to said at least two first and second plates being adjacent to said at least two first and second plates on one side having no tongues, each formwork plate having a lateral lug on each side not bearing no tabs, the lateral lug of each plate cooperating with the body of a plate placed laterally and vice versa for holding the two plates relative to each other. This is a simple and effective way to join two laterally placed plates always using one and the same type of plates.
• the flat tabs of one of said first two plates penetrate the spacings between the flat tabs of the other of said first two plates and the flat tabs of one of said two second plates penetrate the spacings between the flat tabs of the other of said two second plates. Thus, there can be no play between the tabs in a direction perpendicular to that of the extension of the flat tabs.
• a first zone of said at least three zones is delimited, on one side, by the inclined tabs of one of said at least two first plates inserted between the inclined tongues of one of said at least two second plates and, of a on the other hand, by the inclined tongues of the other of the at least two first plates inserted between the inclined tabs of the other of the at least two second plates, said first zone being at the junction in the extension of the one of the other respectively said at least two first and second plates. As will be better detailed later, the creation of a first zone of reduced volume is very favorable for solidifying the formwork, even during assembly with a construction set not yet completed.
• the associated inclined tongues of the first two and second plates form an X by respectively closing each side of the first zone. The X-shape is advantageous for a delimitation of the sides of the first zone transversely to the first and second plates by contributing to a confinement of the first zone.
• in a building assembly, at least a first of said at least three zones is filled with a hardenable material,
• in this assembly of construction, the formwork is traversed by fixing means of the screw type, these fixing means being fixed in the selective material after filling of at least a first of said at least three zones. These fixing means form anchoring points of the formwork in the material then hardened and strengthens the maintenance of the various components of the formwork relative to each other from which obtaining a self-stabilized formwork.

Referring to all the figures and in particular to figures 1 , 3 to 5 and 11 to 14 , in a first aspect of the invention, it refers to a formwork plate 10 intended to be an element of a formwork which will be referenced 11 especially to figures 2 , 6 to 11 .

The shuttering plate 10 comprises a central rectangular plane body 6 carrying on each of two opposite sides two types of tongues, namely plane tongues 1, 3 and inclined tongues 4, 7.

The central body 6 is extended on a first side by a first series of flat tongues 1 and on a second opposite side by a second series of flat tongues 3. The flat tongues 1, 3 extend in the plane of the body 6 leaving a spacing between flat tabs 1, 3 of the same series. The flat tabs 1, 3 advantageously have a rectangular shape with their length perpendicular to the opposite sides carrying them respectively.

The formwork plate 10 further has a first and a second set of inclined tongues 4, 7; 2, 7. Each inclined tongue 4, 7 of the first set extends into the spacing between two flat tabs 1 of the first series each inclined tongue 2, 7 of the second set extends in the spacing between two flat tabs 3 of the second series. The inclined tongues 4, 7; 2, 7 of the first and second sets are inclined away from the central plane body 6 each comprise an inclined portion 2, 4 and a flat distal end portion 7 extending parallel to the flat tabs 1, 3.

Advantageously, before the inclined portion 2, 4 of each inclined tongue 4, 7; 2, 7, each inclined tongue 4, 7; 2, 7 can be connected to the body 6 by a connecting portion 8 which is particularly visible in the Figures 1, 1a , 4 , 13 and 14 . This connecting portion 8 is advantageously flat by extending parallel to the flat tongues 1, 3.

As shown in particular figures 1a and 4 each inclined portion 2, 4 of the inclined tongues 4, 7; 2, 7 forms an angle with the planar distal end portion 7, this angle being between 100 and 120 ° and preferably between 110 ° and 115 °. It follows, as the distal end portion 7 is parallel to the flat tabs 1, 3, that the same angle exists between each inclined portion 2, 4 of the inclined tabs 4, 7; 2, 7 and the portion of the flat tabs 1, 3 attached to the central body 6. Advantageously, said angle is equal to 112 °.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the sides of the central body 6 not carrying a tongue 1, 4, 7; 3, 2, 7 each bear a lug 5. As will be detailed later, this lug 5 serves to maintain the formwork plate 10 relative to a plate laterally disposed to the plate 10. By side plate, it will be understood any plate adjacent a plate on one side not including flat tabs 1, 3.

In a building assembly, it is possible for one side plate to be above its adjacent plate in the same vertical plane as the adjacent plate, as for example in the case of a wall or in a plane slightly inclined by vertically, as for example for the case of a vault, or in the same horizontal plane as the adjacent plate, as for example for the case of a flat ceiling or a floor. This can be seen at figure 9 which will later be more precisely detailed.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first set of flat tabs 1 on the first side is offset from the second set of flat tabs 3 on the second side so that each flat tab 1 of the first set is aligned with a spacing between two flat tabs 3 of the second series and vice versa.

It follows that a series of two series of plane tongues 1, 3, figures 1 , 3 to 5 and 11 to 14 the series carrying the flat tabs 3, comprises one more tab than the other series. The set of inclined tongues 2, 7, associated with said series of flat tongue 1 comprising one more tongue, then comprises a tongue inclined 2, 7 less.

As shown in particular figure 10 this is made necessary because the tabs 3 on one side of a formwork plate 10a disposed in the extension of another formwork plate 10 and its flat tabs 1 penetrate between the tongues 1 of the other plate 10 of formwork. The direction of the word extension is to be taken as being parallel to the direction of extension of the flat tongues 1, 3 away from the plate 10 which carries them.

Thus, the number of plane tongues 1, 3 of the first and second series of flat tongues may be respectively three and four while the number of inclined tongues 4, 7; 2, 7 of the first and second sets of inclined tongues may be respectively four and three. This is not limiting and the number of flat or inclined tongues may be other but their arrangement with spacing between flat tongues 1, 3 for the insertion of an inclined tongue 4, 7; 2, 7 in this spacing persists, as well as the offset between the two series of flat tabs 1, 3.

Similarly, the width of the flat tongues 1, 3 of the same series of the first and second series is constant for all the tongues of the series and the width of the spacings between flat tongues 1, 3 of a series of the first and second series is equivalent to the width of the flat tabs 3, 1 of the other series.

Advantageously, the formwork plate 10 can be made of wood or agglomerated particles. This plate 10 may be advantageously molded in any moldable material. The shuttering plate 10 is reproducible in large series by molding process.

As shown in figure 1 , the formwork plate 10 is by its rectangular body 6 being able to have, without limitation, a width of 1.18 meters including lugs 5, and a length of 1.20 meters, flat tabs 1, 3 included. The thickness of such a formwork plate 10 may be 1 to 2 cm. The body 6 of the plate 10 may be 1.04 meters by 0.40 meters. The flat tabs 1, 3 may be 0.40 meters long and 0.15 meters wide, the spacing between two flat tongues 1, 3 being also 0.15 meters.

The lugs 5 can protrude laterally from the formwork plate 10 by 0.07 meters while having a width of 0.20 or half the width of the body 6 of the plate 10.

The distal end portion 7 of the inclined tongues 2, 7; 4, 7 can be square with sides of 0.15 meter. The connecting portion 8 may extend 0.10 meters away from the body 6 and parallel to the length of the flat tongues 1, 3 having 0.15 meters wide. As shown in particular figure 1a the inclined portions 2, 4 of the inclined tongues 2, 7; 4, 7 may have a height of 0.13 m by being able, as previously mentioned, to make a preferred angle of 112 ° with the distal end portion 7.

The thickness of between one and two centimeters and the lightness of the formwork plate 10 allow, as visualized on the figure 14 pallet stacking storage of a large number of plates 10. This ensures ease of transport, a small footprint and, where appropriate, a fuel economy for the transport vehicle.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, this concerns a formwork illustrated in particular in figures 2 , 5 to 9 , 10, 11 while referring to the other figures for references not mentioned in these figures. Such a formwork has a great simplicity of assembly which allows its implementation by any individual.

This formwork 11 comprises at least four plates 10, 10a, 10b, 10c formwork similar to the formwork plate 10 previously described. Said at least four plates 10, 10a, 10b, 10c are preferably identical when they are not end plates of the formwork 11.

Such a formwork 11 comprises at least two first formwork plates 10, 10a joining so that their body 6 is arranged in the same first plane and at least two second formwork plates 10b, 10c joining so that their body 6 is disposed in the same second plane different from the first plane while being parallel to the first plane.

Said at least two first 10, 10a and second plates 10b, 10c are arranged at a distance from each other and back to back, that is to say with their inclined tongues 4, 7; 2, 7 vis-à-vis so as to delimit at least partially a volume 9 interposed between first 10, 10a and second plates 10b, 10c.

This volume 9 is defined by the height of the inclined tabs 4, 7; 2, 7 of the plates 10, 10a, 10b, 10c and therefore extends between the first 10, 10a and second plates 10b, 10c. Its spacing between first 10, 10a and second plates 10b, 10c may be 0.13m, which corresponds to that of the inclined tongues 4, 7; 2, 7 protruding from a plate 10, 10a, 10b, 10c.

The inclined tongues 4, 7; 2, 7 of said at least two first and second plates 10, 10a, 10b, 10c are shaped so as to cooperate to form in said volume 9 at least three areas A, B whose periphery is at least partially defined by the inclined tongues 4 , 7.

The distal end portions 7 plane inclined tabs 4, 7; 2, 7 of said at least two first plates 10, 10a may rest on said at least two second plates 10b, 10c and vice versa.

Said at least three zones may comprise an area called first zone A which is completely delimited by the inclined tabs 4, 7; 2, 7 in the dimension of the formwork 11 taken perpendicularly to the length of the inclined tongues 1, 3. This first zone A will subsequently be more precisely described because it plays a role in the stability of the formwork 11 during its manufacture.

As shown in figure 9 , to widen the formwork 11 in particular laterally that is to say perpendicularly to the length of the flat tongues 1, 3 and therefore to the succession in extension of said at least two first plates 10, 10a and second plates 10b, 10c, the formwork 11 comprises lateral form plates 10d to 10g, these plates 10d to 10g being disposed laterally to said at least two first 10, 10a and second plates 10b, 10c.

At this figure 9 to do this, as previously mentioned, each plate 10, 10a to 10g formwork has a lateral lug 5 on each side not carrying tabs 1, 4, 7; 3, 2, 7. The lateral lug of each plate 10b, 10c cooperates with the body 6 of a side plate 10d, 10e for holding the two plates relative to each other. In manufacture of a building set, as shown in figure 10 , the lugs 5 can contribute to the vertical assembly of the formwork 11.

To the figure 9 only plates 10b and 10c of said at least two second plates have side plates 10d and 10e since the side plates associated with said at least two first plates 10, 10a have been omitted. When positioning a side plate 10d or 10e relative to a plate 10b or 10c, the lug 5 of a plate 10b or 10c passes over the body of the side plate 10d or 10e and vice versa.

This remains applicable for side plates 10f or 10g disposed laterally to the side plates 10d or 10e themselves arranged laterally with respect to the two second plates 10b, 10c and so on. This is of course valid for said at least two first plates 10, 10a although this is not illustrated in FIG. figure 9 .

To the figure 9 , the side plates 10d to 10g are located above their adjacent plates forming a substantially vertical assembly. In this case, the first zone or zones A of said at least three zones extend substantially vertically transversely to the series of adjacent plates 10c, 10e, 10g; 10b, 10d, 10f superimposed. This is advantageous for the filling of the first zone A which is facilitated by the gravity, the penetrating material, advantageously by flowing, more easily in the whole of the first zone or zones A when the filling inlet of the first zone or zones A is performed by the last side plates 10f, 10g the highest.

Referring to all the figures, in a preferred embodiment, the flat tabs 1, 3 of one of said two first plates 10, 10a penetrate the spacings between the flat tabs 1, 3 of the other 10a of said two first plates 10, 10a and vice versa. Similarly, the flat tabs 1, 3 of a 10b of said two second plates 10b, 10c enter the spacings between the flat tongues 1, 3 of the other 10c of said two second plates 10b, 10c and vice versa.

This is made possible by the offset of the flat tabs 1, 3 on each of the two sides of a formwork plate 10 and by the same width of the flat tongues 1, 3 and their spacing separating each of the tongues 1, 3 of a same series.

Referring to all the figures and particularly to Figures 1a, 2 , 6, 7 , 10 and 11 , in a preferred embodiment of the invention, a first zone A of said three zones A, B is delimited, on one side, by the inclined tongues 4, 7; 2, 7 of one of said at least two first plates 10, 10a inserted between the inclined tongues 4, 7; 2, 7 of a 10b of said at least two second plates 10b, 10c.

On the other side, the first zone A is delimited by the inclined tongues 4, 7; 2, 7 of the other 10a of said at least two first plates 10, 10a inserted between the inclined tongues 4, 7; 2, 7 of the other 10c of said at least two second plates 10b, 10c. The first zone A is at the junction in the extension of each other respectively of said at least two first 10, 10a and second plates 10b, 10c.

In this embodiment, the inclined tongues 4, 7; 2, 7 associated with the first two and second plates 10, 10b; 10a, 10c, form an X by respectively closing each side of the first zone A. The first zone A is therefore compartmentalized in a transverse direction of the plates 10, 10a, 10b, 10c perpendicular to the respective extensions of the first 10, 10a and second plates 10b, 10c.

As it can be seen especially at the figure 11 the first zone A is of smaller section than those of the zones B and is better compartmentalised than the zones B which are not on two opposite sides than when additional first and second plates are added to the at least two first and second plates 10 , 10b; 10a, 10c. Zone A is surrounded on each side by a zone B.

The assembly of several plates 10, 10a to 10g thus allows the realization of a formwork 11 lost, self-stabilized used to build walls, vaults or other building sets.

Referring to all the figures and in particular to the figure 8 according to another aspect of the present invention, it relates to a building assembly 12 to 15 of the type comprising at least one wall 13 or a floor 14 or a roof 15 or a ceiling 16, this assembly comprising at least one formwork 11 said at least three zones A, B being filled with a selective material, such as concrete, cement, clay, straw, earth, binder. Such an assembly may also contain two or more of these elements 12 to 15 or all of these elements 12 to 15 forming a complete building assembly.

For the sake of argument, without this being in any way limiting, the floor 14 can have a length of 4 meters, the walls 13 a height of 2.03m and the ceiling 16 can be at 3.42 meters in height, being raised by to the walls 13 by the vault elements 15.

Referring to all the figures, there may be a first zone A for each formwork 11 comprising two first plates 10, 10a and two second plates 10b, 10c. As a formwork 11 may comprise more than two first and second plates 10, 10a, 10b, 10c there may be advantageously as many first zones A as groups of two first and two second plates 10, 10a, 10b, 10c.

The first zone or areas A and the other zones B of a formwork 11 may be filled sequentially, the first zone A first to solidify the formwork and, where appropriate, the rest of the other zones B. The material of the or first zones A may be hardenable, advantageously fast setting to solidify the formwork 11 as quickly as possible.

Filling, for example with concrete, cement, compressed clay soil or any other advantageously hardenable material, of one or more zones A prevents the spacing of the plates 10, 10a to 10d of formwork between them.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the formwork 11 may be traversed by fastening means of the screw type, these fastening means, not shown in the figures, being fixed in the selective material after filling at least one of said at least three areas A, B. All fixings are made by screwing from the outside to the inside of the shuttering 11 by screws longer than five centimeters. This is particularly but not only for the first zone (s) A.

After hardening of the first zone or zones A, the zones B can be filled with all kinds of materials such as concrete, earth or straw. It is also possible not to fill them when the element of construction concerned does not need to present a reinforced stability.

As shown in figure 8 according to the invention it is possible to realize building sets that can contain straight and vaulted elements. These building sets can for example form a dwelling. A shuttering plate cut in half in its height can give two edge plates of the formwork 11.

Referring to all the figures, according to a last aspect of the present invention, this relates to a method of manufacturing a building assembly 12 to 15 with a step of joining at least two plates 10, 10a disposed in the extension of one another by insertion of flat tongues 1, 3 of one in the spacings between flat tongues 3, 1 of the other; to obtain at least two first plates 10, 10a.

In parallel, it is also carried out a step of securing two plates arranged in the extension of one another by insertion of the plane tongues 1, 3 of one in the spacings between flat tabs of the other, in order to obtain at least two second plates 10b, 10c.

The following steps of the method relate to the positioning of said at least two first 10, 10a and two second plates 10b, 10c with their inclined tongues 4, 7; 2, 7 vis-à-vis, then the insertion of the inclined tabs 4, 7; 2, 7 of said at least two first plates 10, 10a between the inclined tongues 4, 7; 2, 7 of said at least two second plates 10b, 10c, until the distal end portions 7 plane inclined tongues 4, 7; 2, 7 of said at least two first plates 10, 10a rest on said at least two second plates 10b, 10c and vice versa. These are preferably flat distal ends 7 of the inclined tongues 4, 7; 2, 7 which rest against the plates 10, 10a, 10b, 10c vis-à-vis.

The inclined tongues 4, 7; 2, 7 of said at least two first 10, 10a and second plates 10b, 10c then at least partially delimit at least three zones A, B in the volume 9 between said at least two first 10, 10a and said at least two second plates 10b , 10c.

One side of a first zone A is delimited by the inclined tabs 4, 7; 2, 7 of one of said at least two first plates 10, 10a inserted between the inclined tongues 4, 7; 2, 7 of a 10b of said at least two second plates 10b, 10c. The other opposite side of the first zone A is delimited by the inclined tongues 4, 7; 2, 7 of the other 10a of said at least two first plates 10, 10a inserted between the inclined tongues 4, 7; 2, 7 of the other 10c of said at least two second plates 10b, 10c. The first zone A is thus delimited transversely to the plates 10, 10a, 10b, 10c in the volume 9, that is to say perpendicularly to the flat tabs 1, 3 of the plates 10, 10a, 10b, 10c formwork.

The next step is positioning and maintaining side plates 10e to 10g on at least one non-tongue-bearing side of said at least two first 10, 10a and second plates 10b, 10c. This can be done by holding a lug 5 of each of said side plates 10e to 10g relative to its plate of said at least two first 10, 10a and second plates 10b, 10c and vice versa.

If necessary, for a formwork 11 comprising more than two first and second plates 10, 10a, 10b, 10c and possibly several side plates 10e to 10g following, it is proceeded to the repetition of the preceding steps for the positioning of additional plates in said at least two first 10, 10a and second plates 10b, 10c with formation of said at least three areas A, B whose first zone A.

This can also be done in addition or alternatively for the positioning of side plates 10f, 10g, additional to said at least two first 10, 10a and second plates 10b, 10c. These additional side plates 10f, 10g may for example be positioned relative to side plates 10e, 10f already positioned or the other opposite side devoid of flat tabs 1, 3 of the first 10, 10a and second plates 10b, 10c.

In the last two steps of the method according to the present invention, when a construction of said at least one formwork 11 is complete for the manufacture of a building assembly 12 to 15, the introduction of a material of the concrete type is carried out , cement, clay or binder in the or each first zone A, advantageously by casting and, where appropriate, the introduction of a material in the remaining zones B of said at least three zones A, B.

According to another embodiment that can be combined with all the features mentioned above, the present invention relates to a molded formwork plate, made of molded wood made of agglomerated particles or any other moldable product.

The thickness between 1 cm and 2 cm and the lightness of the plate, allows, as visualized on the figure 14 pallet stacking of a large number of plates, ensuring easy transport, fuel economy and compactness. The simplicity of assembly allows the implementation by any individual.

The plate is made by molded wood molding or any other moldable product, in the dimensions detailed in the figure 1 . The assembly of several of these plates allows the realization of a formwork lost, self stabilized, to build walls, vaults or other achievements. Such presented on the figures 2 , 10 and 11 , this formwork is characterized in that it comprises, by the combination of four of these identical plates, a zone A which will prevent, after filling with concrete or compressed clayey earth, the spacing of the plates between them . After hardening zones A, zones B can then be filled with all kinds of materials such as concrete, earth or straw.

The plate consists of 7 horizontal parts of 15 cm, 3 on one side and 7 on the other, allowing horizontal connections and two pins of 7 cm, one at the top and one at the bottom of the plate for assembly vertical. To achieve the depth of the formwork of 13 cm, the plates are fixed back to back between them by seven tabs inclined by 112 ° ending in a flat surface marked on the Figures 3, 4, 5 , 6 and 7 . The two pins will be placed on the back of the high and low areas. The assembly in depth is done by fixing the tabs on the plates back to back. All fixings are made by screwing the outside to the inside of the formwork with screws of more than 5 cm which will be fixed in the filling product of the formwork.

As shown in figure 8 the method makes it possible to produce straight and vaulted dwellings. A plate cut in two in its height becomes two plates of borders. The Figures 12 and 13 visualize the plate in 3 dimensions. The present plate is reproducible to infinity by molding process.

The plate according to the invention can have the following characteristics:

The plate is a molded formwork plate, of molded wood made of agglomerated particles or any other moldable product characterized in that it comprises, by the combination of four of these identical plates, a zone A which prevents, after filling by concrete or compressed clay soil, the spacing of the plates between them.

The plates are provided with seven tabs inclined at 112 ° ending in a flat surface marked on the Figures 3, 4, 5 , 6 and 7 , allowing to fix them back to back between them.

The plates are provided with 7 horizontal parts of 15 cm allowing their horizontal assemblies such as on the Figures 3 and 5

The plates are provided with two pins 7 cm at the top and bottom of the plate for vertical assembly. The two pins will be placed on the back of the zone as on the figure 3 .

The invention is not limited to the previously described embodiments and extends to all the embodiments covered by the claims.

REFERENCES

• 1. Flat tongue
• 2. Inclined portion
• 3. Flat tongue
• 4. Inclined portion
• 5. Ergot
• 6. Body
• 7. Distal end portion
• 8. Connection portion
• 9. Volume
• 10. Formwork plate
• 10a. First plate
• 10b, 10c. Second plate
• 10d to 10g. Side plate
• 11. Formwork
• 12. Building set
• 13. Wall
• 14. Floor
• 15. Vault
• 16. Ceiling
• A, B. Zones

Claims (15)

1. A formwork plate (10, 10a, 10b, 10c) comprising a flat rectangular central body (6) characterized in that the central body (6) is extended on a first side by a first series of flat tabs (1), and on a second opposite side by a second series of flat tabs (3), with the flat tabs (1, 3) extending in the plane of the body (6) while leaving a spacing between the flat tabs (1, 3) of the same series, with the formwork plate (10, 10a, 10b, 10c) further having first and second sets of angled tabs (4, 7; 2, 7), with at least some angled tabs (4, 7) of the first set extending into the spacing between two flat tabs (1) of the first series, with each angled tab (2, 7) of the second set extending into the spacing between two flat tabs (3) of the second series, with the angled tabs (4, 7; 2, 7) of the first and second sets being angled while extending away from the flat central body (6) each having an angled portion (2, 4) and a flat distal end portion (7) extending parallel to the flat tabs (1, 3)into a different plan than the body (6) plan.
2. A formwork plate (10, 10a, 10b, 10c) according to the preceding claim, wherein each angled portion (2, 4) of the angled tabs (4, 7; 2, 7) forms an angle with the flat distal end portion (7), with the angle ranging from 100° to 120° and preferably from 110° to 115° and preferably equal to 112°.
3. A formwork plate (10, 10a, 10b, 10c) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the angled portion (2, 4) of each angled tab (4, 7; 2, 7) is connected to the flat central body (6) by means of a flat connecting portion (8).
4. A formwork plate (10, 10a, 10b, 10c) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the sides of the central body (6) carrying no tab (1, 4, 7; 3, 2, 7) each carry a pin (5).
5. A formwork plate (10, 10a, 10b, 10c) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first series of flat tabs (1) on the first side is shifted relative to the second series of flat tabs (3) on the second side, with each flat tab (1) of the first series being aligned with a spacing between two flat tabs (3) of the second series and vice versa, one (3) of the two series of flat tabs (1, 3) comprising one tab more than the other series and the set of angled tabs (2, 7), associated with said series of flat tabs (1) comprising one tab more, comprises one angled tab (2, 7) less.
6. A formwork plate (10, 10a, 10b, 10c) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the width of the flat tabs (1, 3) of the same series among the first and second series is constant for all the tabs of the series and the width of the spacing between the flat tabs (1, 3) of one series among the first and second series is equal to the width of the flat tabs (1, 3) of the other series.
7. A formwork plate (10, 10a, 10b, 10c) according to any one of the preceding claims, with the plate (10, 10a, 10b, 10c) being a molded formwork plate, made from molded wood composed of aggregate particles or being made of wood or based on aggregate particles.
8. A formwork (11) comprising at least four formwork plates (10, 10a, 10b, 10c) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises :

   - at least two first formwork plates (10, 10a) so joined that the body (6) thereof is positioned in the same first plane;

   - at least two second formwork plates (10b, 10c) so joined that the body (6) thereof is positioned in the same second plane different from the first plane and parallel to the first plane;

   - said at least two first (10, 10a) and second (10b, 10c) plates being positioned away from each other and back to back, i.e. with their angled tabs (4, 7; 2, 7) facing one another so as to at least partially define a volume (9) interposed between the first (10, 10a) and second (10b, 10c) plates;

   - the angled tabs (4, 7; 2, 7) of said at least two first and second (10, 10a, 10b, 10c) plates being so configured as to cooperate in order to form, in said volume (9) at least three zones (A, B), the periphery of which is at least partially defined by the angled tabs (4, 7; 2, 7).
9. A formwork according to the preceding claim, wherein the flat distal end portions (7) of the angled tabs (4, 7; 2, 7) of said at least two first (10, 10a) plates are supported by at least two second (10b, 10c) plates and vice versa.
10. A formwork (11) according to any one of the preceding two claims, with the formwork (11) comprising formwork plates (10d to 10g) positioned side by side with said at least two first (10, 10a) and second (10b, 10c) plates while being adjacent to said at least two first (10, 10a) and second (10b, 10c) plates on one side having no tab (1, 4, 7; 3, 2, 7), with each formwork plate (10, 10a to 10g) having a side pin (5) on each side having no tab (1, 4, 7; 3, 2, 7), with the side pin (5) of each plate (10, 10a, 10b, 10c) cooperating with the body (6) of one plate (10d to 10g) positioned laterally and vice versa for holding the two plates (10, 10a to 10g) together.
11. A formwork (11) according to any one of the preceding three claims, wherein the flat tabs (1, 3) of one (10) of said two first (10, 10a) plates are inserted into the spacing between the flat tabs (3a, 1a) of the other one (10a) of said two first (10, 10a) plates and the flat tabs of one (10b) of said two second (10b, 10c) plates are inserted into the spacing between the flat tabs of the other one (10c) of said two second (10b, 10c) plates.
12. A construction assembly (12 to 15) of a type comprising at least either a wall (13), or a floor (14), or an arch (15), or a ceiling (16), or at least two of these elements (13 to 16), characterized in that it comprises at least one formwork (11) according to any one of the preceding four claims, with said at least three zones (A, B) being filled with a selective material, of the concrete, cement, clay, straw, soil, binder or compressed clay soil types.
13. A construction assembly (12 to 15) according to the preceding claim, wherein at least one (A) of said at least three zones (A, B) is filled with a hardenable material.
14. A construction assembly (12 to 15) according to the preceding claim, wherein the formwork (11) is gone through by attachment means like screws, with such attachment means being fixed in the selective material after filling said at least three zones (A, B).
15. A method for manufacturing a construction assembly (12 to 15) according to any one of the preceding three claims, characterized by the three following steps:

    - connection of at least two plates (10, 10a) positioned in the extension of each other by inserting flat tabs (1, 3) of one into the spacing between the flat tabs (3, 1) of the other one so as to obtain at least two first (10, 10a) plates,

    - connection of two plates positioned in the extension of each other by inserting flat tabs (1, 3) of one into the spacing between the flat tabs (3, 1) of the other one so as to obtain at least two second (10b, 10c) plates,

    - positioning said at least two first (10, 10a) and two second (10b, 10c) plates with the angled tabs (4, 7; 2, 7) thereof facing one another,

    - inserting angled tabs (4, 7; 2, 7) of said at least two first (10, 10a) plates between the angled tabs (4, 7; 2, 7) of said at least two second (10b, 10c) plates, until the flat distal end portions (7) of the angled tabs (4, 7; 2, 7) of said at least two first (10, 10a) plates are supported by said at least two second (10b, 10c) plates and vice versa,

    - the angled tabs (4, 7; 2, 7) of said at least two first (10, 10a) and second (10b, 10c) plates at least partially defining at least three zones (A, B) in the volume (9) between said at least two first (10, 10a) and said at least two second (10b, 10c) plates, with, for defining one side of a first zone (A), the angled tabs (4, 7; 2, 7) of one (10) of said at least two first (10, 10a) plates being inserted between the angled tabs (4, 7; 2, 7) of one (10b) of said at least two second (10b, 10c) plates and for defining the opposite side of the first zone (A), the angled tabs (4, 7; 2, 7) of the other one (10a) of said at least two first (10, 10a) plates being inserted between the angled tabs (4, 7; 2, 7) of the other one (10c) of said at least two second (10b, 10c) plates,

    - positioning and holding side plates (10e to 10g) on at least one side having no tab of said at least two first (10, 10a) and second (10b, 10c) plates,

    - if need be, repeating the preceding steps for positioning additional plates in the extension of said at least two first (10, 10a) and second (10b, 10c) plates while forming said at least three zones (A, B), among which the first zone (A) and/or, for positioning additional side plates (10f to 10g) in addition to said at least two first (10, 10a) and second (10b, 10c) plates,

    - when a construction of said at least one formwork (11) is complete for manufacturing a construction assembly (12 to 15), introducing a material of the concrete, cement, clay or binder type into the/each first zone (A),

    - if need be, introducing a material into the remaining zones (B) among said at least three zones (A, B).

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