EP3124664A1 - Loop-forming method, device and system component - Google Patents
Loop-forming method, device and system component Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3124664A1 EP3124664A1 EP15179093.8A EP15179093A EP3124664A1 EP 3124664 A1 EP3124664 A1 EP 3124664A1 EP 15179093 A EP15179093 A EP 15179093A EP 3124664 A1 EP3124664 A1 EP 3124664A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- system components
- spacer
- loop
- forming
- needle bed
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 138
- 238000009940 knitting Methods 0.000 claims description 56
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003670 easy-to-clean Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04B—KNITTING
- D04B35/00—Details of, or auxiliary devices incorporated in, knitting machines, not otherwise provided for
- D04B35/02—Knitting tools or instruments not provided for in group D04B15/00 or D04B27/00
- D04B35/04—Latch needles
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04B—KNITTING
- D04B15/00—Details of, or auxiliary devices incorporated in, weft knitting machines, restricted to machines of this kind
- D04B15/06—Sinkers
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04B—KNITTING
- D04B15/00—Details of, or auxiliary devices incorporated in, weft knitting machines, restricted to machines of this kind
- D04B15/10—Needle beds
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04B—KNITTING
- D04B35/00—Details of, or auxiliary devices incorporated in, knitting machines, not otherwise provided for
- D04B35/02—Knitting tools or instruments not provided for in group D04B15/00 or D04B27/00
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04B—KNITTING
- D04B15/00—Details of, or auxiliary devices incorporated in, weft knitting machines, restricted to machines of this kind
- D04B15/14—Needle cylinders
Definitions
- Circular knitting machines Incular knitting machines, flat knitting machines or warp knitting machines belong to the most important types of these machines.
- Knitting machines usually comprise at least one needle bed for supporting knitting tools. Needle beds of circular knitting machines are often called “cylinder” because of their cylindrical shape. In the present publication the impression “needle bed” refers to all kinds of devices that support knitting tools no matter if they are flat, cylindrical or whatever.
- Knitting tools are for example needles, sinkers or the like. Knitting tools are parts of knitting machines that are directly involved in the loop forming process and hereby have contact to threads. The different knitting tools grasp, lead or hold down the threads. In the present publication all knitting tools are called "system components".
- slider needles One kind of special system components are slider needles.
- the publication DE 698 03 142 T2 shows a slider needle.
- the respective slider's profile is u-shaped in the plane perpendicular to the slider's movement.
- the two legs of the u-shaped sliders partially embrace the shank of the needle on which the respective slider is moved.
- any leg of the sliders is partially arranged between the needle shank of the needle on which the respective slider slides and the adjacent needle or the adjacent needle shank.
- the slider temporarily closes the opening for the thread inside the hook or carries the loop along the needle shank. In doing so the slider gets regularly in contact with the thread.
- the publication EP 0 672 770 A1 shows a flat knitting machine for knitting a tubular knitted fabric.
- One of the shown knitting machines uses two needles in one common groove.
- the needles are provided with transfer elements as blades.
- the said publication mentions that a spacer can be necessary to prevent interference between the needles caused by the transfer elements.
- the spacer itself and its mode of operation are not described in more detail.
- the publication DE 33 11 361 A1 shows a knitting machine comprising needles and sinkers for loop-forming that move in the same longitudinal direction.
- Said knitting machine comprises a first cylinder placed in a lower region of the knitting machine where the needles are supported in channels.
- the needles used have a very long shank so that the hook is always far outside the needle cylinder in an upward direction.
- On top of the needle cylinder there is an additional cylinder for supporting the sinkers and the sinkers are short compared to the needles.
- the aforementioned long shanks of the needles are on top of the trick walls of the channels of the cylinder for the sinkers and therefore between the sinkers.
- the means for loop-forming of the needles and the sinkers commonly extend in a region of the knitting machine where loops are formed. Said region is located upside of the cylinder of the sinkers.
- the needles and the sinkers are hereby at least partially separately guided in channels and thus the friction is reduced compared to an arrangement in which needles and sinkers are solely guided in common channels.
- the application DE 197 40 985 A1 shows recesses on the flat sides of knitting needles or on the walls of channels of a needle bed.
- the recesses are only provided in certain regions of the side faces of the knitting needles and not on the full length of the side faces of the needles.
- the surface area of the contacting surfaces of the said elements of the knitting process is reduced.
- the energy consumption and the heat generation in the machine are reduced.
- the application EP1860219A1 shows knitting needles with a relatively thin shank.
- Some of the figures of this publication show in a cross-sectional view that the needles are arranged askew or diagonally in the needle grooves so that only one of the two top corners and the opposing bottom corner of the needles' cross section touch the needle groove.
- the surface area of the contacting surfaces is once again reduced so that the energy consumption of the system decreases. The heat generation is thus also reduced.
- the application WO2012055591A1 shows a knitting machine which was constructed for the following purposes: High gauge, low manufacturing costs and low energy consumption. This publication also shows groups of two needles which are in contact to each other during the knitting process (side-by-side needles):
- Application WO2013041380A1 shows a knitting machine with improved actuation cams for the type of side by side needles shown by the aforementioned WO2012055591A1 .
- the knitting machines can be manufactured at lower costs and they can produce high quality fabrics.
- the publication's teaching has the same drawbacks as mentioned before.
- inventive loop forming processes including inventive ones - a plurality of needles will be used for forming the respective loops.
- One characteristic of the inventive loop forming process is that there is at least one groove which is provided with at least two system components. There can be 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or even more of these system components in one groove.
- system components means textile tools which are provided with loop forming means like hooks or latches which are in contact with the yarn (or also called threads) and which actively take part in the loop forming process. Therefore the loop-forming means are preferably involved in the forming of loops at least for a period of time during the loop-forming process. Usually such system components are called needles or sinkers.
- the inventive method uses a so-called spacer or spacing means in order to adjust the distance between the loop forming means of two adjacent system components which are moved or housed in one groove. Therefore the word "spacer” is a functional expression which denotes an additional part as well as an integral part which is made of one piece preferably with the respective system component's shank.
- the spacer does not take part in or abstains from the loop forming process.
- the distance between the loop forming means of two adjacent system components is a distance in the second direction (x) which corresponds to the direction of the width of the grooves.
- x the second direction
- the man-skilled in art will understand that this second direction could have a purely linear character if flat knitting machines are concerned.
- the movements of system parts of circular knitting machines can - however - be described with cylinder coordinates (r, ⁇ , z). Therefore the direction of the width of the grooves of the channels has circular components ( ⁇ ).
- the direction of the width of the grooves of all knitting machine types shall be denoted with "x" in the present publication.
- the space between the loop forming means of the two adjacent system components is free of loop forming means which belong to or are actuated by system components of the same grove or even of the same needle bed.
- the distance which is adjusted by the spacers or by means of the spacers is the width - or the extension in the second direction (x) - of the aforementioned free space between the loop forming means of two adjacent system components of one needle bed.
- No loop forming means which is actuated by or part of a system component which is moved or housed in the same groove - or expressed in a wider way - which is housed in the same (first) needle bed interferes in this space.
- loop forming means of other grooves - or broader - another second needle bed which is directed differently may interfere there and cooperate with the loop forming means of the first needle bed so as to form loops.
- the first needle bed houses knitting needles.
- the second needle bed houses sinkers which interfere in this space in order to hold down the previously formed loops so that the needles can form new loops.
- the distance adjusted by the spacers is free of system components of the same groove or the same needle bed, so that the above definition still applies.
- the grooves of the first and the second needle bed need to have a different direction so that the system components of the second needle bed or its grooves can cooperate in the way described above. Therefore another definition of the "distance" of the space defined by this distance could say, that there are no loop-forming means in this space or area of the loop forming zone, in which loop forming means which are moved in the same direction reach into.
- the aforementioned spacer is moved together with at least one of said two adjacent system components.
- "Moved together” means in the present context that the relative velocity between the spacer and the respective at least one system component is nil. It is possible to actively move the spacer this way, however, it is also possible to in any way connect these two elements (spacer and system component) so that they will not move with respect to each other.
- the respective connection can transfer power between the spacer and the system component. Most advantageously the connection can sustain the amount of power necessary for the movement either of spacer or of the respective system component.
- the respective connection can be made in several ways and the connection can be adjusted so as to sustain different amounts of power. Another definition for this point could be that the spacer is not relocatable or immovable with regard to the system component with which it is connected.
- the spacer could also be part of and integral with said system component.
- the spacer and the respective first system component with which it moves is at least temporarily moved inside a section of the groove in which the spacer and the second of the two adjacent components are in mechanical contact with each other.
- the length of the section or the sections in which the spacer and the second of the two adjacent components and/or the spacer of the second system component are in mechanical contact with each other is equal to 70, 80, 90 or 95 % of the system component's length.
- the spacers and the system components are the only components moved in the groove on the respective sections of the groove.
- a different approach is to provide the side surfaces of system components with a plurality of spots or areas which adjust the distance between the system components. Therefore these spots are "elevated" with regard to the side surfaces in the x-direction.
- the distance between the two spots which are provided with the biggest distance of said plurality of spots (in y-direction) of one side surface is at least equal to 70, 80, 90 or 95% of the system component's length.
- Embodiments which have spots or areas of the kind described above on one system component should be provided with a smooth and/or even side surface on the adjacent side of the other adjacent system component.
- spots or areas are either situated in different segments of the longitudinal extension of the two system components or the areas are provided with an even side surface so that the system components can still move with regard to each other when the side surfaces touch each other or are in mechanical contact with each other.
- the spacers there are two spacers which are situated between the two adjacent system components.
- the first spacer is connected with the first of the two system components and the second spacer with the second of the two system components.
- the spacers could be in mechanical contact with each other.
- that at least one spacer could also be in mechanical contact with the other system component with which it is not connected and/or with the other spacer.
- Needle beds which have a plurality of grooves which are parallel to each other are advantageous. Most of the time “temporarily” means at least during a period of time during the loop forming process.
- the distance between the loop forming means of two adjacent system components of one groove should be in relation with the gauge of the respective knitting machine. It should be at least half of the width of the loop forming means of the system components or even better it should be the full width of these loop forming means.
- the system components perform periodic movements in the longitudinal direction which are caused by the relative movement of the respective needle bed with regard to cam holders:
- the system components and spacers which are inserted in the grooves of a needle bed are provided with butts. These butts protrude out of the needle bed.
- the aforementioned relative movement of the needle bed with regard to a cam holder forces the butts to move along a cam track which is formed by the cams.
- Circular knitting machines are usually provided with cam holders which are fixed on the machine frame.
- Flat knitting machines often use cam holders which are part of carriages which are moved with regard to the needle bed. In both cases there is a relative movement between cam holders and needle beds.
- the loop forming means of adjacent system components of one needle bed perform their movements and therefore reach their extrema in their longitudinal direction with a certain delay.
- this delay corresponds to the mechanical distance of the loop forming means of these two adjacent system components.
- this distance - and therefore the respective delay - is related with the gauge. Therefore, the distance between the loop forming means of two adjacent system components which is adjusted by means of the spacer should be in the range between half of the width of the system component's loop forming means and their full width.
- first velocity (vk) denotes the relative velocity between the needle bed and the machine frame which carries the cams.
- the system components of the needle bed usually perform periodic movements in the longitudinal direction (y). These movements resemble harmonic functions and the system components reach minima and maxima (extrema) of their longitudinal position during these movements. It is advantageous if two adjacent system components reach their extrema with a delay of time. In embodiments with a good performance this delay should be bigger than half of a first quotient or more advantageously equal to said first quotient.
- Said first quotient is the quotient of the distance between the loop forming means of the two adjacent system components in the second direction and the first velocity.
- Another property is the distance between the loop-forming means in x-direction which is adjusted by the at least one spacer: It is in the same range or approximately the same as the width of the needle component's shanks.
- the range can start with 0.7 times the width of the shank. It is however advantageous if the respective factor is 0.9 or 1.
- the distance can be built up by the two spacers in different ways.
- the distance in the second direction between the loop forming means of the at least two system components is equal to at least one distance between the loop forming means of two other adjacent system components of the needle bed in the second direction, whereby these two other system components are separated by an immovable wall of a groove of a needle bed.
- a system component which is connected with the spacer can be manufactured out of the same piece as the spacer.
- the "spacer” can also be a bend (or a plurality of bends) of the shank of the system component with which it is connected.
- the "bend” is any kind of a deviation from an even extension of the shank in its longitudinal direction. Most of the time a shank with such bends would show a meandering or a zigzag pattern in the x-y plain.
- each bend may comprise a portion of the shank of the system component with which it is connected. This portion is offset in the x-direction relative to the even extension of the system component's shank.
- the spacer could consist of an additional part which has been connected in a mating process with a system component. In this case it is easier to provide the spacer with materials which are not present in the system components.
- the shank of the system components can be a relatively conventional one, which means it can be a punched metal part.
- the additional part could possess a side surface of graphite which would decrease friction with the adjacent system component of the respective spacer.
- mating processes which could have its advantages in the present context.
- the phrase "material” means in the present context that different elements and mixtures of elements can be used to manufacture system components and the respective spacer. Additionally and alternatively this phrase can mean that a spacer and the respective system component is manufactured with a different manufacturing method. These methods can include the use of plastics or other synthetic material for forming parts of the system components or above all the spacer.
- System components which can be used with benefit in the present context possess a butt with a width which is smaller than the maximum combined extension of the shank and the spacer(s) with which the respective system component is immovably connected in the same second direction (x).
- the maximum combined extension is the maximum distance of the side surfaces of the spacer and the respective system component which are directed in opposite directions.
- the butt of a system component extends in the third direction which corresponds to the height direction of the shank and overtowers the shank.
- the butt has its extension in the other two directions.
- Preferable butts have a front part with a width which is smaller than the width of their middle part. This is to say the butts could also be wedge-shaped.
- system unit means a group of members or elements which are moved together during the loop forming process.
- system units disclosed which consist of one spacer and one system component like a needle.
- system units which consist of two spacers located on the two side surfaces of the system component with which they are moved.
- system units which consist of one spacer on one side of the system component are asymmetric with regard to a symmetry line which is parallel to the system components' side surfaces and which passes through the centre of the hook of this system component.
- Standard system components are symmetric with regard to the aforementioned symmetry line.
- System units which consist of two spacers which are inmovably placed on the side surfaces of the respective system component can also be symmetrical with regard to the aforementioned symmetry line.
- inventive embodiments are provided either with a symmetrical system unit or with at least one system unit which is provided with two spacers (one on each side surface of the system component).
- Figure 1 shows a needle bed 14 which is provided with grooves 16 which are delimited by immovable walls 15.
- the grooves 16 of this first embodiment of a needle bed 14 there are two system components 11 and 12.
- the power for the movement of the system components is transferred with butts 17 to the system components 11 and 12.
- Each system component 11, 12 is provided with loop forming means.
- the system components 11 and 12 are latch needles and therefore their loop forming means are hooks 20 and latches 24, which extend in a loop forming zone 19.
- Figures 2 and 3 are about the same embodiment of the needle bed 14 and its system components 11, 12.
- Figure 2 shows a system component 11 of the kind used in the needle bed 14 of figure 1 .
- the system component 11 is a needle with a butt 17 and a shank 39.
- the system component 11 is also provided with a spacer 10 with which it is immovably connected.
- the spacer 10 and the shank 39 of the system component 11 are of one piece.
- Figure 3 shows a section of the needle bed 14 of figure 1 in a cross-sectional view.
- the distance 21 which is also the distance between the loop forming means 20, 24 of two adjacent loop forming components 11, 12 of one groove 16 is clearly shown.
- the line 40 symbolizes the limitation between spacers 10 and shank 39 which does not really exist since these two members of the first embodiment are of one piece.
- the first 11 and the second 12 system component are each provided with one spacer 10. These spacers 10 have the same width so that each of the spacers adjust half of the distance 21.
- those spacers are of one piece with the shanks 39 of the system components 11, 12 with which they are immovably connected.
- Figures 4 , 5 and 6 show a second embodiment of the needle bed and its respective system components.
- the only significant difference between the first and the second embodiment shown in this publication is that in the second embodiment two adjacent system components 11, 12 of one groove 16 are only provided with one spacer 10 which is immovably connected with the first 11 of the two system components.
- This spacer 10 is once again of one piece with the system component with which it is connected.
- the two spacers 10 are in contact with each other when the system components 11, 12 are moved in the grooves 16.
- the first system component 11 is provided with a spacer 10 and the spacer 10 touches the second system component 12 when moved and even when the knitting machine does not work.
- the segments 41 of the grooves 16 in which this condition applies are very long (more than 90 % of the system components' length.
- Figure 7 shows a pair of system components 11, 12 which is very similar to the pairs of system components 11, 12 which are housed in the grooves 16 of the first embodiment: Both system components 11, 12 are immovably connected with one respective spacer 10. Unlike the needles of the first embodiment the needles shown in figure 7 are not of one piece with their respective spacer 10. Therefore, this spacer 10 is an additional part 38 which is mated with the shank 39 of the respective system component 11, 12 with several weld points 42. Therefore the line 40 has in figure 7 a very physical significance since it denotes the limitation between two members 11, 10, or 12, 10. In most cases the joints or connections of very similar materials could be welt points or welt lines. Solder points or lines can mate similar or at least slightly different materials like different metals.
- Figure 8 shows two butts 17 of system components 11, 12 which pass through the passage 35 of a cam 18.
- the reason for the butts' 17 passing through the passage 35 is the relative movement vk (see the respective pointer in figure 8 ) between cam holder and cams on one side and the needle bed 14 (not shown in figure 8 ) and system components 11, 12 with their butts 17 on the other side.
- the cam 18 is not completely shown in figure 8 .
- the limitations 48 of the passage 35 are however shown. They are surrounded by a hatching which symbolizes parts of the cam 18.
- the viewer of figure 8 can see the two butts 17 through the passage 35 (the cam holder is for the viewer transparent) so that invisible parts of the system components shanks (the parts covered by the cam) have to be shown with broken lines.
- Both butts 17 have an extension 45 in the first direction y.
- the width 46 of the butts 17 in the end sections 43 is smaller than their width 47 in their middle sections 49.
- This definition does not include end sections of state-of the art butts with rounded edges or edges which are in any other ways chamfered.
- the aforementioned feature (different widths in different sections, see above) is advantageous with regard to any embodiment of the present invention. It is however even more advantageous with regard to embodiments which are equipped with butts which have a maximum width in the second direction x which is bigger than the extension of the respective system component's 11, 12 loop forming means 20, 24.
- end sections 43 of the butt 17 with a width which is equal to the width of the loop forming means 20, 24. It is even more advantageous if there are sections in the middle part which are provided with a width which is equal to the maximum width of the system component and the spacer combined (in x direction). In most cases the end sections will have a somewhat wedge-shaped end. The very end section of the butts 17 could be rounded.
- Figure 10 provides a plain view of a needle bed 14 which is equipped with system components 11, 12 which have the same butts which are shown in more detail in figure 8 .
- system components 11, 12 which have the same butts which are shown in more detail in figure 8 .
- a pair of system components 11 and 12 is housed in one groove 16 which is delimited by immovable walls 15.
- the butts of the different system components are arranged with regard to each other as if they were passing a passage 35 of a cam 18 as the ones shown in figure 9 .
- Figure 9 shows two cams 18. The second one is placed above the first one. Each of the cams 18 is provided with a passage 35 and a maximum 37. Figure 13 also shows two cams being arranged above each other. The maxima 37 of the two cams 18 are displaced or shifted in the second direction x with regard to each other. This shift 50 is a very advantageous possibility to adjust the delay between adjacent system components which are therefore driven by different groups of cams 18 whereby each of the groups defines one cam track.
- the cams are fixed on a cam holder. Circular knitting machines usually have a cam holder which is fixed on the machine frame. Flat knitting machines are often provided with a carriage which performs a relative movement with regard to the needle bed.
- the "distance" 50 shall be a linear distance in flat-knitting machines and a distance which comprises circular components in circular knitting machines. There are additional benefits if this measure is used with regard to needles which are provided with butts 17 which have a width in the second direction x which is equal or nearly equal to the combined joint width of spacer 10 and system component 11, 12.
- Figure 11 once again shows a plain view of a third needle bed 14 in which pairs of system components 11, 12 are moved in one groove 16.
- the said grooves 16 are once again delimited by immovable walls 15. It is necessary to emphasize that the present invention has also its benefits with regard to needle beds which house 3, 4, 5, 6 or even more system components.
- the first system components 11 and the second system components 12 have their butts 17 in different longitudinal y positions. Hence the first and second system components 11, 12 are moved along different cam tracks.
- the spacers 10 of the embodiment shown in figure 11 are bends 51 of the shanks of the respective system components 11, 12.
- the bends 51 of the first system components 11 are in contact with the shanks 39 of the second system components 12 and vice versa. Therefore, no bend 51 or spacer 10 (which are the same in this embodiment) touches another spacer's surface and all spacers touch another's system components side surface.
- Figure 12 shows a top view of a fifth needle bed 14. Needle beds of the kind shown in figure 12 are often used in circular knitting machines. In the case of circular knitting machines the needle bed 14 would also be called needle cylinder.
- Figure 12 shows an example of a loop-forming process which takes place in the loop-forming zone 19. The needles 11, 12 and especially the hooks 20 and latches 24 take part in the loop forming process and therefore get in contact with the yarn 23. The sinkers 25 also get in contact with the yarn 23. The extension of the loops 33 in x-direction is symbolized by the brackets 33.
- Figure 12 also shows some more details of the needles 11, 12 and the needle bed 14 which are well known to the man skilled in-the-art: The latches 24 are pivoted in the saw slot 26.
- the latches 24 swing around the pivot 27 so that the interior of the hooks 20 is opened and closed for the yarn 23 by the latches 24.
- the needles essentially move in the direction y of their shanks or of the grooves 16 of the needle bed 14.
- the sinkers 25 essentially move in the direction z of the height of the shanks of the needles 11, 12.
- the needle bed 14 is provided with slots 28 which look like teeth in the view provided by figure 12 .
- the slots 28 guide the sinkers' 25 movements.
- the spacers 10 move together with the system components 11, 12. They are mated with them with splints 44 which are symbolized by the dotted lines 44.
- the spacers 10 are also devoid of loop forming means like hooks 20 and latches 24 and the like and do not take part in the loop-forming process.
- the spacers essentially define the distance between two neighboring or adjacent system components 11, 12 and their loop-forming components 20, 24. Most of the time the sinkers 25 and the respective system components 11, 12 still have a certain distance, so that the distance between these system components 11, 12 is the sum of these distances and the sinkers' 25 width.
- the areas of the loop-forming zone 19 which are situated between the loop-forming means 20, 24 of the system components 20, 24 of the first needle bed 14 are free from loop forming means which are part of or actuated by loop forming means of this needle bed.
- the loop forming means of the sinkers 25 are part of the sinkers which are moved in the grooves of another needle bed.
- the grooves of individual needle beds 14 are usually parallel to each other.
- the immovable walls 15 and/or the shanks 39 of the system components 11, 12 and/or the spacers 10 have the correct width corresponding with the gauge of the respective needle bed 14.
- the width of immovable walls 15 and/or the shanks 39 of the system components 11, 12 and/or the spacers 10 is (nearly) equal.
- Figure 12 also provides a different possibility to define the distance between adjacent loop-forming means:
- the numeral 52 denotes the distance between the centers of the hooks 20 of two adjacent system components. This distance 52 is (of cause) equal to the distance of two adjacent loops which are being formed by the respective hooks.
- the man-skilled-in-the-art often calls this distance "pitch" (the pitch denotes this distance in millimetres whereas the gauge is the number of needles per inch). In most loop-forming methods and also in most loop-forming devices this pitch is even (all system components of one needle bed have the same distance with regard to each other). Otherwise the knitted fabric produced by such a machine would be perceived as uneven by the consumer.
- Figure 14 provides a plain view of the first groove 16 of the needle bed 14 which is equipped with system components 11, 12.
- Each of the system components 11, 12 is immovably connected with a spacer 10 by means of a weld point 42. Therefore one could also say, that the system component 11 and the spacer 10 with which it is immovably connected form a system unit 54. The same applies with regard to the other system component 12 and the respective spacer 10.
- the line 53 is a symmetry line which is directed in the longitudinal direction y parallel to the side surfaces of the needles' shanks 39 and which crosses the centre of the needles' hook 20.
- Figure 14 shows that the system component 11 is symmetrical with regard to the symmetry line 53.
- This figure also shows that the system unit 54 which moves together during the loop-forming process is not symmetrical with regard to the line 53.
- Figure 15 shows a slightly different excellent groove which is equipped with two system components 11, 12 and one spacer 10 which provides for the whole distance between the loop-forming means 20, 24 of the two adjacent system components 11, 12.
- the respective spacer 10 is immovably connected by a plurality of weld points 53 (only one weld point is shown by figure 15 ) with the system component 11 so that the system components 11 and the spacer 10 once again form a system unit 54 which is moved together during the loop forming process.
- the system component 11 is symmetrical with regard to symmetry line 53.
- the unit 54 which is formed by the system components 11 and the spacer 10 is not symmetrical with regard to the aforementioned line 53.
- the system component 12 can be a standard needle which is symmetrical to the other line 53 which cuts the respective system component in two halfs.
- FIG 14 and 15 show that inventive embodiments are most of the time provided with system units which are not symmetrical with regard to symmetry line 53 which is parallel to the side surfaces of the respective system component 11, 12 and which crosses the centre of the hook 20.
- figure 16 shows an exceptional embodiment of a further groove 16 which is delimited by the immovable walls 15 and the bottom of the groove 55.
- the system component 11 which is placed in the middle of the groove and surrounded by two other system components 12 is immovably connected with two spacers 10 whereby each of the spacers 10 is placed on one of the system component's 11 two different side surfaces. Therefore the system component 11 and the two spacers 10 with which it is connected form another system unit 54.
- This system unit 54 is symmetrical with regard to the symmetry line 53.
- inventive embodiments shown in figure 16 can be equipped with system units (elements which form a unit which is moved together during the loop forming process) which are symmetrical with regard to the symmetry line 53.
- system units elements which form a unit which is moved together during the loop forming process
- the embodiments shown in figures 14 and 15 are provided with at least one system unit which is not symmetrical with regard to the symmetry line 53. This feature is generally of benefit for inventive embodiments.
- Figures 14, 15 and 16 elucidate another property of the invention.
- the grooves 16 are broader (possess a bigger width in the direction x) than state-of-the-art needle beds 14.
- Needle beds which are appropriate for the present invention have a width which is bigger 0,7 times the pitch 52, or even bigger than the pitch 52 are even bigger than 1 1 ⁇ 2 times the pitch 52.
- the grooves which are provided with the aforementioned pitch can have a length which equals 95, 90, 85, 80, 70 or 60% of the system components' length.
- the respective grooves are easy to clean and the oil consumption of the overall new device is smaller than in most state-of-the-art devices.
- the broad grooves or channels are cheap and easy to grind (especially if a small pitch is required).
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Knitting Machines (AREA)
Abstract
• at least two system components (11, 12) are moved in one groove (16) of a needle bed relative to said needle bed (14) in a first direction (y) which corresponds to their longitudinal direction,
• said system components (11, 12) contact threads (23) for forming loops with their loop-forming means (20, 24),
• at least one spacer (10) is placed between two adjacent system components (11, 12) which are moved in the groove (16),
• whereby this spacer (10) contributes to the adjustment of the distance (21) between the loop-forming means (20, 24) of the two adjacent system components (11, 12) in a second direction (x) which corresponds to the direction of the width of the grooves (16) of the needle bed (14),whereby said at least one spacer (10) abstains from the loop-forming process,
• whereby the at least one spacer (10) is moved together with a first one of said two adjacent system components (11, 12)
• and whereby the at least one spacer (10) is at least temporarily moved inside a section (41) of the longitudinal (y) extension of a groove (16),
• in which the spacer (10) and the second system component (12) are in mechanical contact with each other and/or in which said spacer (10) is in mechanical contact with a second spacer (10) which is moved together with the second one (12) of said two adjacent system components (11, 12).
Description
- Various types of knitting machines are well known. Circular knitting machines, flat knitting machines or warp knitting machines belong to the most important types of these machines.
- Knitting machines usually comprise at least one needle bed for supporting knitting tools. Needle beds of circular knitting machines are often called "cylinder" because of their cylindrical shape. In the present publication the impression "needle bed" refers to all kinds of devices that support knitting tools no matter if they are flat, cylindrical or whatever.
- Knitting tools are for example needles, sinkers or the like. Knitting tools are parts of knitting machines that are directly involved in the loop forming process and hereby have contact to threads. The different knitting tools grasp, lead or hold down the threads. In the present publication all knitting tools are called "system components".
- One kind of special system components are slider needles. The publication
DE 698 03 142 T2 shows a slider needle. The respective slider's profile is u-shaped in the plane perpendicular to the slider's movement. As a result, the two legs of the u-shaped sliders partially embrace the shank of the needle on which the respective slider is moved. One could also say that any leg of the sliders is partially arranged between the needle shank of the needle on which the respective slider slides and the adjacent needle or the adjacent needle shank. During the knitting process there are relative movements between the needle shank and the slider. Hereby, the slider temporarily closes the opening for the thread inside the hook or carries the loop along the needle shank. In doing so the slider gets regularly in contact with the thread. - During knitting the various types of system components acting in different types of knitting machines have relative movements to at least one kind of needle bed. These relative movements in channels of the needle bed generate some problems which are inherent in most modern knitting machines:
- High frictional load between system components and needle bed or even sticking of the system components in the channels. The friction causes wear on system components and needle bed and generates undesirable heat in the knitting machine.
- In
publication DE 10 2013 104 189 A1 the problem of sticking of sinkers in the channels caused by the not longitudinal components of the actuation of the sinkers' butt is discussed. This publication proposes to use two sinkers of different length in one common groove to solve that problem. - The publication
EP 0 672 770 A1 shows a flat knitting machine for knitting a tubular knitted fabric. One of the shown knitting machines uses two needles in one common groove. The needles are provided with transfer elements as blades. The said publication mentions that a spacer can be necessary to prevent interference between the needles caused by the transfer elements. The spacer itself and its mode of operation are not described in more detail. - The
publication DE 33 11 361 A1 shows a knitting machine comprising needles and sinkers for loop-forming that move in the same longitudinal direction. Said knitting machine comprises a first cylinder placed in a lower region of the knitting machine where the needles are supported in channels. The needles used have a very long shank so that the hook is always far outside the needle cylinder in an upward direction. On top of the needle cylinder there is an additional cylinder for supporting the sinkers and the sinkers are short compared to the needles. The aforementioned long shanks of the needles are on top of the trick walls of the channels of the cylinder for the sinkers and therefore between the sinkers. The means for loop-forming of the needles and the sinkers (hook, holding-down-edge and knock-over-edge) commonly extend in a region of the knitting machine where loops are formed. Said region is located upside of the cylinder of the sinkers. The needles and the sinkers are hereby at least partially separately guided in channels and thus the friction is reduced compared to an arrangement in which needles and sinkers are solely guided in common channels. - The application
DE 197 40 985 A1 shows recesses on the flat sides of knitting needles or on the walls of channels of a needle bed. The recesses are only provided in certain regions of the side faces of the knitting needles and not on the full length of the side faces of the needles. As a result of these measures, the surface area of the contacting surfaces of the said elements of the knitting process is reduced. Thus the energy consumption and the heat generation in the machine are reduced. - The application
EP1860219A1 shows knitting needles with a relatively thin shank. Some of the figures of this publication show in a cross-sectional view that the needles are arranged askew or diagonally in the needle grooves so that only one of the two top corners and the opposing bottom corner of the needles' cross section touch the needle groove. The surface area of the contacting surfaces is once again reduced so that the energy consumption of the system decreases. The heat generation is thus also reduced. - There are other patent publications which show knitting machines in which the side faces of the shanks of adjacent needles are in contact with each other ("side-by-side needles"):
- The
DE610511 B discloses two very similar types of needles. Both types comprise a thick (in the direction of the width of the needles) and stable rear part which carries the needle butts. The difference between the two needle types is that the first group is provided with a longer rear part than the other type. - The front parts of both types of needles, which support the hook, are relatively thin. The front parts have the same length.
- In the needle beds shown by this publication a segment of the thin front part of each of the needles is guided in a respective slot of the needle bed. Needles of the long type surround groups of needles of the short type. An end segment of the rear part of the long needles is additionally guided by respective slots. The side faces of segments of the thicker rear parts of adjacent needles are in contact with each other. The
DE610511B aims at reducing the costs for grinding the common long needle channels of the needle bed: These long channels are replaced by the above mentioned slots which only cover relatively small segments of the length of the needles. However, this publication fails to teach a knitting device which is apt to the requirements of modern knitting processes: If the knitting beds shown in theDE610511B were subject to modern knitting velocities the needles would be bent. Therefore the needles would become subject to undue wear or the needles would even stick in the respective slot. - The application
WO2012055591A1 shows a knitting machine which was constructed for the following purposes: High gauge, low manufacturing costs and low energy consumption. This publication also shows groups of two needles which are in contact to each other during the knitting process (side-by-side needles): - The rear part of these needles is placed in a joint needle channel so that segments of the side faces of these needles have contact with each other. In its front part this needle channel is bifurcated so that the front parts of the two needles of a needle bed are spaced away from each other. As a result, the front part of each needle is bent during its movements in its length direction. This fact causes wear and energy consumption. Moreover, it is not easy to bend needles with thick shanks.
- Application
WO2013041380A1 shows a knitting machine with improved actuation cams for the type of side by side needles shown by the aforementionedWO2012055591A1 . The knitting machines can be manufactured at lower costs and they can produce high quality fabrics. However the publication's teaching has the same drawbacks as mentioned before. - It is the object of the present invention to provide a process and a device for the forming of loops with a reduced energy consumption and heat generation of the knitting machine.
- The above object is achieved with the method according to claim 1, the device according to claim 3 and the system component according to
claim 14. - In most loop-forming processes - including inventive ones - a plurality of needles will be used for forming the respective loops. Usually, there are more than hundred needles involved in a typical loop forming process. One characteristic of the inventive loop forming process is that there is at least one groove which is provided with at least two system components. There can be 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or even more of these system components in one groove. In the present publication the phrase "system components" means textile tools which are provided with loop forming means like hooks or latches which are in contact with the yarn (or also called threads) and which actively take part in the loop forming process. Therefore the loop-forming means are preferably involved in the forming of loops at least for a period of time during the loop-forming process. Usually such system components are called needles or sinkers.
- The inventive method uses a so-called spacer or spacing means in order to adjust the distance between the loop forming means of two adjacent system components which are moved or housed in one groove. Therefore the word "spacer" is a functional expression which denotes an additional part as well as an integral part which is made of one piece preferably with the respective system component's shank.
- The spacer, however, does not take part in or abstains from the loop forming process. In most cases the distance between the loop forming means of two adjacent system components is a distance in the second direction (x) which corresponds to the direction of the width of the grooves. The man-skilled in art will understand that this second direction could have a purely linear character if flat knitting machines are concerned. The movements of system parts of circular knitting machines can - however - be described with cylinder coordinates (r, ϕ, z). Therefore the direction of the width of the grooves of the channels has circular components (ϕ). However, the direction of the width of the grooves of all knitting machine types shall be denoted with "x" in the present publication.
- As already mentioned, the space between the loop forming means of the two adjacent system components is free of loop forming means which belong to or are actuated by system components of the same grove or even of the same needle bed. As a consequence, the distance which is adjusted by the spacers or by means of the spacers is the width - or the extension in the second direction (x) - of the aforementioned free space between the loop forming means of two adjacent system components of one needle bed. No loop forming means which is actuated by or part of a system component which is moved or housed in the same groove - or expressed in a wider way - which is housed in the same (first) needle bed interferes in this space. On the other hand, loop forming means of other grooves - or broader - another second needle bed which is directed differently may interfere there and cooperate with the loop forming means of the first needle bed so as to form loops. Example: the first needle bed houses knitting needles. The second needle bed houses sinkers which interfere in this space in order to hold down the previously formed loops so that the needles can form new loops.
- However, the distance adjusted by the spacers is free of system components of the same groove or the same needle bed, so that the above definition still applies. Usually the grooves of the first and the second needle bed need to have a different direction so that the system components of the second needle bed or its grooves can cooperate in the way described above. Therefore another definition of the "distance" of the space defined by this distance could say, that there are no loop-forming means in this space or area of the loop forming zone, in which loop forming means which are moved in the same direction reach into.
- The aforementioned spacer is moved together with at least one of said two adjacent system components. "Moved together" means in the present context that the relative velocity between the spacer and the respective at least one system component is nil. It is possible to actively move the spacer this way, however, it is also possible to in any way connect these two elements (spacer and system component) so that they will not move with respect to each other. The respective connection can transfer power between the spacer and the system component. Most advantageously the connection can sustain the amount of power necessary for the movement either of spacer or of the respective system component. The respective connection can be made in several ways and the connection can be adjusted so as to sustain different amounts of power. Another definition for this point could be that the spacer is not relocatable or immovable with regard to the system component with which it is connected. The spacer could also be part of and integral with said system component.
- The spacer and the respective first system component with which it moves is at least temporarily moved inside a section of the groove in which the spacer and the second of the two adjacent components are in mechanical contact with each other. Most advantageously the length of the section or the sections in which the spacer and the second of the two adjacent components and/or the spacer of the second system component are in mechanical contact with each other is equal to 70, 80, 90 or 95 % of the system component's length. There are further advantages if the spacers and the system components are the only components moved in the groove on the respective sections of the groove. A different approach is to provide the side surfaces of system components with a plurality of spots or areas which adjust the distance between the system components. Therefore these spots are "elevated" with regard to the side surfaces in the x-direction. In this case it is advantageous if the distance between the two spots which are provided with the biggest distance of said plurality of spots (in y-direction) of one side surface is at least equal to 70, 80, 90 or 95% of the system component's length. Embodiments which have spots or areas of the kind described above on one system component should be provided with a smooth and/or even side surface on the adjacent side of the other adjacent system component.
- Another approach is to provide both adjacent system components with the respective spots or areas. In this case, the spots or areas are either situated in different segments of the longitudinal extension of the two system components or the areas are provided with an even side surface so that the system components can still move with regard to each other when the side surfaces touch each other or are in mechanical contact with each other.
- In other embodiments there are two spacers which are situated between the two adjacent system components. The first spacer is connected with the first of the two system components and the second spacer with the second of the two system components. In this case the spacers could be in mechanical contact with each other. However, depending on the position and the shape of the spacers, that at least one spacer could also be in mechanical contact with the other system component with which it is not connected and/or with the other spacer.
- Needle beds which have a plurality of grooves which are parallel to each other are advantageous. Most of the time "temporarily" means at least during a period of time during the loop forming process.
- Usually, the distance between the loop forming means of two adjacent system components of one groove should be in relation with the gauge of the respective knitting machine. It should be at least half of the width of the loop forming means of the system components or even better it should be the full width of these loop forming means. In most state-of-the-art knitting machines the system components perform periodic movements in the longitudinal direction which are caused by the relative movement of the respective needle bed with regard to cam holders: The system components and spacers which are inserted in the grooves of a needle bed are provided with butts. These butts protrude out of the needle bed. The aforementioned relative movement of the needle bed with regard to a cam holder forces the butts to move along a cam track which is formed by the cams. This movement provides for the force for the movements of the system components and spacers in their respective grooves. Circular knitting machines are usually provided with cam holders which are fixed on the machine frame. Flat knitting machines often use cam holders which are part of carriages which are moved with regard to the needle bed. In both cases there is a relative movement between cam holders and needle beds.
- It is advantageous if the loop forming means of adjacent system components of one needle bed perform their movements and therefore reach their extrema in their longitudinal direction with a certain delay. Once again this delay corresponds to the mechanical distance of the loop forming means of these two adjacent system components. Most advantageously this distance - and therefore the respective delay - is related with the gauge. Therefore, the distance between the loop forming means of two adjacent system components which is adjusted by means of the spacer should be in the range between half of the width of the system component's loop forming means and their full width.
- In the present publication the phrase "first velocity (vk)"denotes the relative velocity between the needle bed and the machine frame which carries the cams. The system components of the needle bed usually perform periodic movements in the longitudinal direction (y). These movements resemble harmonic functions and the system components reach minima and maxima (extrema) of their longitudinal position during these movements. It is advantageous if two adjacent system components reach their extrema with a delay of time. In embodiments with a good performance this delay should be bigger than half of a first quotient or more advantageously equal to said first quotient. Said first quotient is the quotient of the distance between the loop forming means of the two adjacent system components in the second direction and the first velocity. Especially in loop forming methods with a high velocity it is advantageous if said delay is equal to the quotient. One could also say that very preferred embodiments have the same distances between the cam track extrema of adjacent system components so that the whole loop forming device is provided with the same pitch (see below).
- Another property is the distance between the loop-forming means in x-direction which is adjusted by the at least one spacer: It is in the same range or approximately the same as the width of the needle component's shanks. The range can start with 0.7 times the width of the shank. It is however advantageous if the respective factor is 0.9 or 1.
- Embodiments in which the two system components are provided with only one spacer which is immovably connected with one of said two adjacent system components have the following benefit:
- At least one specially shaped system component which is connected with or which includes the spacer could be the "first system component", whereas the (at least one) second system component could be a "standard needle" which is to say a needle which can belong to the state of the art. The thickness of the specially shaped needle can be twice or 1.5 times the thickness of the "standard" needle.
- If there are two spacers between the two adjacent system components of one groove the distance can be built up by the two spacers in different ways.
- It is advantageous if the distance in the second direction between the loop forming means of the at least two system components is equal to at least one distance between the loop forming means of two other adjacent system components of the needle bed in the second direction, whereby these two other system components are separated by an immovable wall of a groove of a needle bed. This means that all distances between adjacent system components' loop forming means of a needle bed can be equal. There can be other parts of the needle bed or of the system components which contribute to the distances no matter if the distances are primarily adjusted by the spacers or by the immovable walls of the grooves.
- A system component which is connected with the spacer can be manufactured out of the same piece as the spacer. The "spacer" can also be a bend (or a plurality of bends) of the shank of the system component with which it is connected. In this context the "bend" is any kind of a deviation from an even extension of the shank in its longitudinal direction. Most of the time a shank with such bends would show a meandering or a zigzag pattern in the x-y plain. In other words each bend may comprise a portion of the shank of the system component with which it is connected. This portion is offset in the x-direction relative to the even extension of the system component's shank.
- In the cases described it is advantageous if there are side surfaces of the system components of such system components which are directed towards the adjacent system component, which are even, and which are parallel to the next immovable wall of a groove of the respective needle bed. These surfaces could also be parallel to the side surface of the neighboring shank.
- Instead of being integral with the shank the spacer could consist of an additional part which has been connected in a mating process with a system component. In this case it is easier to provide the spacer with materials which are not present in the system components. Examples: the shank of the system components can be a relatively conventional one, which means it can be a punched metal part. The additional part could possess a side surface of graphite which would decrease friction with the adjacent system component of the respective spacer. There are different mating processes which could have its advantages in the present context. The phrase "material" means in the present context that different elements and mixtures of elements can be used to manufacture system components and the respective spacer. Additionally and alternatively this phrase can mean that a spacer and the respective system component is manufactured with a different manufacturing method. These methods can include the use of plastics or other synthetic material for forming parts of the system components or above all the spacer.
- System components which can be used with benefit in the present context possess a butt with a width which is smaller than the maximum combined extension of the shank and the spacer(s) with which the respective system component is immovably connected in the same second direction (x). The maximum combined extension is the maximum distance of the side surfaces of the spacer and the respective system component which are directed in opposite directions. The butt of a system component extends in the third direction which corresponds to the height direction of the shank and overtowers the shank. Moreover, the butt has its extension in the other two directions. Preferable butts have a front part with a width which is smaller than the width of their middle part. This is to say the butts could also be wedge-shaped.
- Further characteristics and advantages of the invention will become better apparent from the description of the figures. The figures show preferred but not exclusive embodiments of the invention and therefore provide non limiting examples. Most of the individual features shown can be used with advantages for improving the present invention in its broadest form.
A further aspect of the present invention is the shape and the symmetry of the system units used. In the language of the present publication the term "system unit" means a group of members or elements which are moved together during the loop forming process. In the present publication there are system units disclosed which consist of one spacer and one system component like a needle. There are other system units which consist of two spacers located on the two side surfaces of the system component with which they are moved. An interesting point is that the system units which consist of one spacer on one side of the system component are asymmetric with regard to a symmetry line which is parallel to the system components' side surfaces and which passes through the centre of the hook of this system component. Standard system components are symmetric with regard to the aforementioned symmetry line. System units which consist of two spacers which are inmovably placed on the side surfaces of the respective system component can also be symmetrical with regard to the aforementioned symmetry line. As mentioned in the above paragraph it has advantages to provide such a system unit with a butt with a width which is smaller than the width of the system unit. Therefore one could also say that many inventive embodiments are provided either with a symmetrical system unit or with at least one system unit which is provided with two spacers (one on each side surface of the system component). - It has further benefits to shape the end section of the butt in the direction of the hook and/or the end section of the butt in the direction of the rear part of the system component or system unit like a wedge which is to say that the width of the butt decreases in the direction of at least one end of the extension of the butt.
- Fig. 1:
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Figure 1 shows a perspective view of a first needle bed which is equipped with first and second system components, each of them equipped with a spacer with an equal width. - Fig. 2:
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Figure 2 shows one of the system components which equip the first needle bed which is shown infigure 1 . - Fig. 3:
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Figure 3 shows a cross-sectional view of the first and the second system component in a groove of the first needle bed. - Fig. 4:
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Figure 4 shows a perspective view of a second needle bed which is equipped with first and second system components. The first system components are equipped with a spacer which adjusts the whole distance between the loop forming means of two adjacent system components of one groove. - Fig. 5:
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Figure 5 shows a pair of two needles which were extracted from one groove of the second needle bed and which consist of a first needle with a spacer and a second needle without one. - Fig. 6:
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Figure 6 provides a cross-sectional view of the second needle bed with one pair of system components. - Fig. 7:
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Figure 7 shows a pair of needles consisting of two needles each one is provided with a spacer which is essentially an additional part. - Fig. 8:
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Figure 8 shows the passage of a cam with two butts of system components. - Fig. 9:
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Figure 9 provides a first symbolic arrangement of cams. - Fig. 10:
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Figure 10 shows a plain view of a third needle bed. - Fig. 11:
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Figure 11 is a plain view of a forth needle bed which is provided with a first and a second kind of system components with bends in its shanks. - Fig. 12:
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Figure 12 is a plain view of a fifth needle bed. - Fig. 13:
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Figure 13 provides a second symbolic arrangement of cams. - Fig. 14:
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Figure 14 provides a plain view of a first groove equipped with system elements - Fig. 15:
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Figure 15 provides a plain view of a second groove equipped with system elements - Fig. 16:
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Figure 16 provides a plain view of a third groove equipped with system elements -
Figure 1 shows aneedle bed 14 which is provided withgrooves 16 which are delimited byimmovable walls 15. In thegrooves 16 of this first embodiment of aneedle bed 14 there are twosystem components butts 17 to thesystem components system component figure 1 thesystem components hooks 20 and latches 24, which extend in aloop forming zone 19.Figures 2 and 3 are about the same embodiment of theneedle bed 14 and itssystem components Figure 2 shows asystem component 11 of the kind used in theneedle bed 14 offigure 1 . As said before thesystem component 11 is a needle with abutt 17 and ashank 39. Thesystem component 11 is also provided with aspacer 10 with which it is immovably connected. In the case shown thespacer 10 and theshank 39 of thesystem component 11 are of one piece.Figure 3 shows a section of theneedle bed 14 offigure 1 in a cross-sectional view. Infigure 3 thedistance 21 which is also the distance between theloop forming means loop forming components groove 16 is clearly shown. Theline 40 symbolizes the limitation betweenspacers 10 andshank 39 which does not really exist since these two members of the first embodiment are of one piece. In the first embodiment the first 11 and the second 12 system component are each provided with onespacer 10. Thesespacers 10 have the same width so that each of the spacers adjust half of thedistance 21. As already said before those spacers are of one piece with theshanks 39 of thesystem components -
Figures 4 ,5 and 6 show a second embodiment of the needle bed and its respective system components. The only significant difference between the first and the second embodiment shown in this publication is that in the second embodiment twoadjacent system components groove 16 are only provided with onespacer 10 which is immovably connected with the first 11 of the two system components. This means that thewhole distance 21 between theloop forming means system components spacer 10. Thisspacer 10 is once again of one piece with the system component with which it is connected. In both embodiments shown so far one can easily see that there aresegments 41 of the longitudinal extension of thegrooves 16 in which thespacers 10 are housed or moved. An arbitrary segment of the longitudinal extension of the grooves is symbolized by thebracket 41. In the first embodiment the twospacers 10 are in contact with each other when thesystem components grooves 16. In the second embodiment only thefirst system component 11 is provided with aspacer 10 and thespacer 10 touches thesecond system component 12 when moved and even when the knitting machine does not work. Thesegments 41 of thegrooves 16 in which this condition applies (thespacer 10 touches the adjacent system component 11) are very long (more than 90 % of the system components' length. -
Figure 7 shows a pair ofsystem components system components grooves 16 of the first embodiment: Bothsystem components respective spacer 10. Unlike the needles of the first embodiment the needles shown infigure 7 are not of one piece with theirrespective spacer 10. Therefore, thisspacer 10 is anadditional part 38 which is mated with theshank 39 of therespective system component line 40 has infigure 7 a very physical significance since it denotes the limitation between twomembers shank 39 of thesystem component spacer 10. - The embodiments of the system components which are shown in
Figures 1 to 3 (first embodiment) and the system components shown inFigure 7 have a butt in common which has a width which is smaller than the combined (maximum) extension of itsspacer 10 and itsshaft 39 in the second direction (x). The same applies with regard to thefirst system components 11 according to the second embodiment which is shown inFigures 4 to 6 . In contrast to the embodiment shown directly below the system components offigures 1 to 7 have this smaller width in all sections of their wholelongitudinal extension 45. -
Figure 8 shows twobutts 17 ofsystem components passage 35 of acam 18. The reason for the butts' 17 passing through thepassage 35 is the relative movement vk (see the respective pointer infigure 8 ) between cam holder and cams on one side and the needle bed 14 (not shown infigure 8 ) andsystem components butts 17 on the other side. Thecam 18 is not completely shown infigure 8 . Thelimitations 48 of thepassage 35 are however shown. They are surrounded by a hatching which symbolizes parts of thecam 18. The viewer offigure 8 can see the twobutts 17 through the passage 35 (the cam holder is for the viewer transparent) so that invisible parts of the system components shanks (the parts covered by the cam) have to be shown with broken lines. Both butts 17 have anextension 45 in the first direction y. Thewidth 46 of thebutts 17 in theend sections 43 is smaller than theirwidth 47 in theirmiddle sections 49. This definition does not include end sections of state-of the art butts with rounded edges or edges which are in any other ways chamfered. The aforementioned feature (different widths in different sections, see above) is advantageous with regard to any embodiment of the present invention. It is however even more advantageous with regard to embodiments which are equipped with butts which have a maximum width in the second direction x which is bigger than the extension of the respective system component's 11, 12loop forming means end sections 43 of thebutt 17 with a width which is equal to the width of theloop forming means butts 17 could be rounded. -
Figure 10 provides a plain view of aneedle bed 14 which is equipped withsystem components figure 8 . Once again a pair ofsystem components groove 16 which is delimited byimmovable walls 15. The butts of the different system components are arranged with regard to each other as if they were passing apassage 35 of acam 18 as the ones shown infigure 9 . -
Figure 9 shows twocams 18. The second one is placed above the first one. Each of thecams 18 is provided with apassage 35 and a maximum 37.Figure 13 also shows two cams being arranged above each other. Themaxima 37 of the twocams 18 are displaced or shifted in the second direction x with regard to each other. This shift 50 is a very advantageous possibility to adjust the delay between adjacent system components which are therefore driven by different groups ofcams 18 whereby each of the groups defines one cam track. Usually, the cams are fixed on a cam holder. Circular knitting machines usually have a cam holder which is fixed on the machine frame. Flat knitting machines are often provided with a carriage which performs a relative movement with regard to the needle bed. In most cases the "distance" 50 shall be a linear distance in flat-knitting machines and a distance which comprises circular components in circular knitting machines. There are additional benefits if this measure is used with regard to needles which are provided withbutts 17 which have a width in the second direction x which is equal or nearly equal to the combined joint width ofspacer 10 andsystem component -
Figure 11 once again shows a plain view of athird needle bed 14 in which pairs ofsystem components groove 16. The saidgrooves 16 are once again delimited byimmovable walls 15. It is necessary to emphasize that the present invention has also its benefits with regard to needle beds which house 3, 4, 5, 6 or even more system components. Thefirst system components 11 and thesecond system components 12 have theirbutts 17 in different longitudinal y positions. Hence the first andsecond system components spacers 10 of the embodiment shown infigure 11 arebends 51 of the shanks of therespective system components bends 51 of thefirst system components 11 are in contact with theshanks 39 of thesecond system components 12 and vice versa. Therefore, nobend 51 or spacer 10 (which are the same in this embodiment) touches another spacer's surface and all spacers touch another's system components side surface. -
Figure 12 shows a top view of afifth needle bed 14. Needle beds of the kind shown infigure 12 are often used in circular knitting machines. In the case of circular knitting machines theneedle bed 14 would also be called needle cylinder.Figure 12 shows an example of a loop-forming process which takes place in the loop-formingzone 19. Theneedles hooks 20 and latches 24 take part in the loop forming process and therefore get in contact with theyarn 23. Thesinkers 25 also get in contact with theyarn 23. The extension of theloops 33 in x-direction is symbolized by thebrackets 33.Figure 12 also shows some more details of theneedles needle bed 14 which are well known to the man skilled in-the-art: Thelatches 24 are pivoted in thesaw slot 26. During the loop forming process thelatches 24 swing around thepivot 27 so that the interior of thehooks 20 is opened and closed for theyarn 23 by thelatches 24. During the loop forming process the needles essentially move in the direction y of their shanks or of thegrooves 16 of theneedle bed 14. Thesinkers 25 essentially move in the direction z of the height of the shanks of theneedles needle bed 14 is provided withslots 28 which look like teeth in the view provided byfigure 12 . Theslots 28 guide the sinkers' 25 movements. The differences between thesinkers 25 and thespacers 10 can be summarized as follows: - The
spacers 10 move together with thesystem components splints 44 which are symbolized by the dottedlines 44. Thespacers 10 are also devoid of loop forming means likehooks 20 and latches 24 and the like and do not take part in the loop-forming process. Moreover, the spacers essentially define the distance between two neighboring oradjacent system components components sinkers 25 and therespective system components system components zone 19 which are situated between the loop-formingmeans system components first needle bed 14 are free from loop forming means which are part of or actuated by loop forming means of this needle bed. The loop forming means of thesinkers 25 are part of the sinkers which are moved in the grooves of another needle bed. The grooves ofindividual needle beds 14 are usually parallel to each other. - Most advantageously the
immovable walls 15 and/or theshanks 39 of thesystem components spacers 10 have the correct width corresponding with the gauge of therespective needle bed 14. In some advantageous embodiments the width ofimmovable walls 15 and/or theshanks 39 of thesystem components spacers 10 is (nearly) equal. - The above passages partly deal with the
distance 21 between theloop forming means hooks 20 and latches 24 - it is advantageous to say that the width of these loop forming means is equal with their broadest extension in the second direction x: As a result, the latch needles offigure 12 are provided with loop-forming means which have a width which is identical with the width of their hooks since thehooks 20 are broader than thelatches 24. - On the other hand
Figure 12 also provides a different possibility to define the distance between adjacent loop-forming means: The numeral 52 (see pointer 52) denotes the distance between the centers of thehooks 20 of two adjacent system components. Thisdistance 52 is (of cause) equal to the distance of two adjacent loops which are being formed by the respective hooks. The man-skilled-in-the-art often calls this distance "pitch" (the pitch denotes this distance in millimetres whereas the gauge is the number of needles per inch). In most loop-forming methods and also in most loop-forming devices this pitch is even (all system components of one needle bed have the same distance with regard to each other). Otherwise the knitted fabric produced by such a machine would be perceived as uneven by the consumer. With regard to the present invention one could also say that the spacer adjusts or helps to adjust the pitch between adjacent needles or system components.
Figure 14 provides a plain view of thefirst groove 16 of theneedle bed 14 which is equipped withsystem components system components spacer 10 by means of aweld point 42. Therefore one could also say, that thesystem component 11 and thespacer 10 with which it is immovably connected form asystem unit 54. The same applies with regard to theother system component 12 and therespective spacer 10. - The
line 53 is a symmetry line which is directed in the longitudinal direction y parallel to the side surfaces of the needles'shanks 39 and which crosses the centre of the needles'hook 20.Figure 14 shows that thesystem component 11 is symmetrical with regard to thesymmetry line 53. This figure also shows that thesystem unit 54 which moves together during the loop-forming process is not symmetrical with regard to theline 53. The same applies with regard to thesystem component 12 itsspacer 10 and theunit 54 which is formed by the two aforementioned elements.Figure 15 shows a slightly different excellent groove which is equipped with twosystem components spacer 10 which provides for the whole distance between the loop-formingmeans adjacent system components respective spacer 10 is immovably connected by a plurality of weld points 53 (only one weld point is shown byfigure 15 ) with thesystem component 11 so that thesystem components 11 and thespacer 10 once again form asystem unit 54 which is moved together during the loop forming process. Thesystem component 11 is symmetrical with regard tosymmetry line 53. Once again theunit 54 which is formed by thesystem components 11 and thespacer 10 is not symmetrical with regard to theaforementioned line 53. Thesystem component 12 can be a standard needle which is symmetrical to theother line 53 which cuts the respective system component in two halfs. The embodiment shown infigure 14 and 15 show that inventive embodiments are most of the time provided with system units which are not symmetrical with regard tosymmetry line 53 which is parallel to the side surfaces of therespective system component hook 20. In this regardfigure 16 shows an exceptional embodiment of afurther groove 16 which is delimited by theimmovable walls 15 and the bottom of thegroove 55. Thesystem component 11 which is placed in the middle of the groove and surrounded by twoother system components 12 is immovably connected with twospacers 10 whereby each of thespacers 10 is placed on one of the system component's 11 two different side surfaces. Therefore thesystem component 11 and the twospacers 10 with which it is connected form anothersystem unit 54. Thissystem unit 54 is symmetrical with regard to thesymmetry line 53. The same applies with regard to the other twosystem components 12 which can be stand-up needles. This is to say that the inventive embodiments shown infigure 16 can be equipped with system units (elements which form a unit which is moved together during the loop forming process) which are symmetrical with regard to thesymmetry line 53. As mentioned above, the embodiments shown infigures 14 and 15 are provided with at least one system unit which is not symmetrical with regard to thesymmetry line 53. This feature is generally of benefit for inventive embodiments.
Figures 14, 15 and16 elucidate another property of the invention. Thegrooves 16 are broader (possess a bigger width in the direction x) than state-of-the-art needle beds 14. Needle beds which are appropriate for the present invention have a width which is bigger 0,7 times thepitch 52, or even bigger than thepitch 52 are even bigger than 1 ½ times thepitch 52. The grooves which are provided with the aforementioned pitch can have a length which equals 95, 90, 85, 80, 70 or 60% of the system components' length. The respective grooves are easy to clean and the oil consumption of the overall new device is smaller than in most state-of-the-art devices. The broad grooves or channels are cheap and easy to grind (especially if a small pitch is required).List of numerals 10 Spacer/element 11 First Needle/element/system component 12 Second Needle/element/system component 14 Needle bed 15 Immovable wall which delimits two grooves of a needle bed 16 Groove/channel for guiding elements 17 Butt of the elements 18 Cams 19 Loop-forming zone 20 hook 21 Distance between the needles 11 and 12 23 Yarn/Thread 24 Latch 25 Sinker 26 Saw slot 27 Pivot of the latch 28 Tooth of the needle bed 33 Bracket signifying the extension of a loop 35 Passage for the butts 17 in the cam 18 37 Extrema of a passage 37 (in y-direction) 38 Additional part 39 Shank 40 Thick line which symbolizes the limitation between spacer and shank 41 Segments of the longitudinal extension of the grooves/Bracket signifying such a segment 42 weld point 43 End section of the butt (in the first direction y) 44 Splint, dotted line signifying such a splint 45 Extension of the butt in the first direction y 46 First width of the butt (end section) 47 Second width of the butt (Middle section) 48 Limitation of the passage 35 49 Middle section of the butt 50 Distance between the extreme are of two cams of a different contract 51 bends 51 of the shanks of the respective system components 52 Distance between the centre of two adjacent hooks or pitch 53 symmetry line 54 System unit comprising a system component und the spacer(s) with which it is connected 55 bottom of a groove x Direction of the width of the shanks of the elements/grooves y Direction of the length of the shanks of the elements/grooves z Direction of the height of the shanks of the elements/grooves vk First velocity / velocity of needle bed, relative velocity cam holder/needle bed
Claims (15)
- Loop-forming process, which comprises the following actions:• at least two system components (11, 12) are moved in one groove (16) of a needle bed relative to said needle bed (14) in a first direction (y) which corresponds to their longitudinal direction,• said system components (11, 12) contact threads (23) for forming loops with their loop-forming means (20, 24),• at least one spacer (10) is placed between two adjacent system components (11, 12) which are moved in the groove (16),• whereby this spacer (10) contributes to the adjustment of the distance (21) between the loop-forming means (20, 24) of the two adjacent system components (11, 12) in a second direction (x) which corresponds to the direction of the width of the grooves (16) of the needle bed (14),whereby said at least one spacer (10) abstains from the loop-forming process,
characterized in• that the at least one spacer (10) is moved together with a first one of said two adjacent system components (11, 12)• and that the at least one spacer (10) is at least temporarily moved inside a section (41) of the longitudinal (y) extension of a groove (16),• in which the spacer (10) and the second one of said two adjacent system components (12) are in mechanical contact with each other and/or in which said spacer (10) is in mechanical contact with a second spacer (10) which is moved together with the second one (12) of said two adjacent system components (11, 12). - Loop-forming process according to the preceding claim
characterized in• that the needle bed (14) is moved relative to a cam holder of the knitting machine with a first velocity (vk), so that butts (17) of system components (11, 12) pass through cams (18) which are connected with a cam holder of the loop-forming machine, whereby the butts (17) receive the force for the movement of the system components (11, 12),• that the system components (11, 12) perform periodic movements in their longitudinal direction (y) and that the system components (11, 12) reach minima and maxima during these movements,• and that the loop-forming means (20, 24) of the first (11) and the second (12) of the two adjacent system components reach the minima and maxima (37) of their movements with a delay of time which is bigger than half of a first quotient or - more advantageously - equal to said first quotient,• whereby the first quotient is the quotient of the distance (21) between the loop-forming means of the two adjacent system components in the second direction (x) and the first velocity (vk). - Device for loop-forming, comprising:• a needle bed,• a plurality of system components (11, 12) comprising loop-forming means (20, 24) and being involved in loop-forming at least for a period of time during the loop forming process,• the needle bed (14) is provided with a plurality of grooves (16) which have an extension in a first direction (y) which corresponds to the longitudinal direction (y) of the system components (11, 12), whereby said system components (11, 12) are movably arranged in said grooves (16) and each groove houses at least two system components (11, 12),• at least one spacer (10) which contributes to the adjustment of the distance (21) between the loop-forming means (24) of two adjacent system components (11, 12) of one groove (16) in a second direction (x) which corresponds to the direction of the width of the grooves (16) of the needle bed (14)• characterized in• that said at least one spacer (10) is immovably connected with at least one of said two adjacent system components (11, 12) at a position of the longitudinal extension (y) of the system components (11, 12) which is during the loop-forming process at least temporarily housed by a section of a groove (16),• in which the spacer (10) and the second system component (12) are in mechanical contact with each other and/or in which said spacer (10) is in mechanical contact with a second spacer (10) which is immovably connected with the second one of said two adjacent system components (12).
- Device for loop-forming according to the preceding claim
characterized in that
one of the two system components (11, 12) is provided with one spacer (10) which is immovably connected with this one of said two adjacent system components (11, 12). - Device for loop-forming according to claim 1
characterized in that
the two system components (11, 12) are provided with two spacers (10), the first spacer (10) being immovably connected with the first (11) of said two adjacent system components and the second spacer (10) being immovably connected with the second (12) of said two adjacent system components. - Device for loop-forming according to one of the preceding claims
characterized in that
the distance (21) in the second direction (x) between the loop-forming means (20, 24) of the two system components (11, 12) of one groove (16) is equal to at least one distance between the loop-forming means of two other adjacent system components of the needle bed (14) in the second direction (x), whereby these two other system components (11, 12) are separated by an immovable wall (15) of a groove (16) of a needle bed (14). - Device for loop-forming according to one of the preceding claims
characterized in that
the distance in the second direction (x) which is adjusted by the at least one spacer (10) between the loop-forming means (20, 24) of the two system components (11, 12) is approximately equal to the width of a shank (39) in the second direction (x) of at least one of the two adjacent system components (11, 12). - Device for loop-forming according to one of the preceding claims
characterized in that
the at least one spacer (10) is integral with the system component (11, 12) with which the at least one spacer (10) is immovably connected. - Device for loop-forming according to the preceding claim
characterized in that
the at least one spacer (10) is a bend (51) of the shank (39) of the at least one of the two adjacent system components (11, 12) with which it is immovably connected. - Device for loop-forming according to the preceding claim
characterized in that
the at least one spacer (10) is a bend (51) of the shank (39) of one of the two adjacent system components (11, 12) with which it is immovably connected and that at least a section of this bend's (51) side surface which is directed towards the other adjacent system component (11, 12) is parallel to the surface of an immovable wall (15) of the groove (16) in which the respective system components (11, 12) are housed. - Device for loop-forming according to one of the preceding claims
characterized in that
the at least one spacer (10) is an additional part (38) which has been connected in a mating process with the one of the two adjacent system components (11, 12) with which it is immovably connected. - Device for loop-forming according to the preceding claim
characterized in that
the at least one additional part (38) comprises materials which are not included in the system component (11, 12). - Device for loop-forming according to the preceding claim
characterized in that
the connection between the additional part and the system component (11, 12) with which the spacer (10) is connected comprises at least one• splice and/or• weld joint (42) and/or• solder joint and/or• splint (44). - System component for loop forming which comprises• a shank (39) for gliding in a needle groove (16) of a needle bed (14) which essentially extends in a first longitudinal direction (y) and has a width in a second direction (x),• means for loop forming (20, 24) which are placed on one longitudinal end of the shank (39),• a butt (17) for interacting with a cam (18) of a knitting machine, whereby the butt (17) has an extension in a third direction (z) which corresponds to the height direction (z) of the shank and overtowers the shank (39),• a spacer (10) which is placed immovably on the shank (39) of the system component (11, 12)
characterized in that
the width of the butt (17) in the second direction (x) is smaller than the maximum combined extension of the shank (39) and the spacer (10) in that direction (x) at at least one position of the extension (45) of the butt (17) in the first direction (y). - System component for loop forming according to the preceding claim
characterized in• that the butt (17) has a first width (46) in the second direction (x) in an end section (43) of its extension (45) in the first direction (y),• that the butt has a second width (47) in the second direction (x) in at least one middle section (49) of its extension (45) in the first direction• and that the second width (47) is bigger than the first one (46).
Priority Applications (9)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PT151790938T PT3124664T (en) | 2015-07-30 | 2015-07-30 | Loop-forming method, device and system component |
EP15179093.8A EP3124664B1 (en) | 2015-07-30 | 2015-07-30 | Loop-forming method and device |
JP2018524547A JP6911027B2 (en) | 2015-07-30 | 2016-07-27 | Methods, devices, and system components for forming loops |
CN201680044719.2A CN108026676B (en) | 2015-07-30 | 2016-07-27 | Loop forming method, device and system component |
US15/748,918 US20190003090A1 (en) | 2015-07-30 | 2016-07-27 | Loop-Forming Method, Device and System Component |
PCT/EP2016/067914 WO2017017145A1 (en) | 2015-07-30 | 2016-07-27 | Loop-forming method, device and system component |
KR1020187005741A KR102607933B1 (en) | 2015-07-30 | 2016-07-27 | Loop forming method, device, and system components |
TW105123932A TWI605164B (en) | 2015-07-30 | 2016-07-28 | Loop-forming method, device and system component |
HK18109671.7A HK1250251A1 (en) | 2015-07-30 | 2018-07-26 | Loop-forming method, device and system component |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP15179093.8A EP3124664B1 (en) | 2015-07-30 | 2015-07-30 | Loop-forming method and device |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP3124664A1 true EP3124664A1 (en) | 2017-02-01 |
EP3124664B1 EP3124664B1 (en) | 2020-01-08 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP15179093.8A Active EP3124664B1 (en) | 2015-07-30 | 2015-07-30 | Loop-forming method and device |
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US (1) | US20190003090A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3124664B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP6911027B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR102607933B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN108026676B (en) |
HK (1) | HK1250251A1 (en) |
PT (1) | PT3124664T (en) |
TW (1) | TWI605164B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2017017145A1 (en) |
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EP3889330A1 (en) | 2020-04-01 | 2021-10-06 | Groz-Beckert KG | Textile tool pair and method for equipping a textile machine |
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PT3124663T (en) * | 2015-07-30 | 2020-01-16 | Groz Beckert Kg | Loop-forming method and device |
KR101928518B1 (en) | 2018-02-01 | 2018-12-12 | 서광석 | Circular knitting machine |
EP3581691B1 (en) * | 2019-06-13 | 2023-03-08 | KARL MAYER STOLL R&D GmbH | Knitting tool and knitting machine |
CN111334923B (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2020-12-22 | 冯加林 | Needle plate and needle combination and needle selection mechanism for flat knitting machine |
CN112404885B (en) * | 2020-10-16 | 2022-05-27 | 漳州市永良针纺机械有限公司 | High-precision numerical control machining process for large circular mill accessory |
CN113445194B (en) * | 2021-07-08 | 2023-11-28 | 桐乡市强隆机械有限公司 | Single-groove double-needle plate device with symmetrical looping function |
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Also Published As
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CN108026676A (en) | 2018-05-11 |
TWI605164B (en) | 2017-11-11 |
KR20180033284A (en) | 2018-04-02 |
WO2017017145A1 (en) | 2017-02-02 |
JP2018526542A (en) | 2018-09-13 |
CN108026676B (en) | 2021-07-20 |
US20190003090A1 (en) | 2019-01-03 |
HK1250251A1 (en) | 2018-12-07 |
TW201718967A (en) | 2017-06-01 |
EP3124664B1 (en) | 2020-01-08 |
KR102607933B1 (en) | 2023-12-01 |
PT3124664T (en) | 2020-03-23 |
JP6911027B2 (en) | 2021-07-28 |
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