Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
  • E04F11/00—Stairways, ramps, or like structures; Balustrades; Handrails
  • E04F11/18—Balustrades; Handrails
  • E04F11/181—Balustrades
  • E04F11/1851—Filling panels, e.g. concrete, sheet metal panels
  • E04F11/1853—Glass panels
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
  • E04F11/00—Stairways, ramps, or like structures; Balustrades; Handrails
  • E04F11/18—Balustrades; Handrails
  • E04F11/181—Balustrades
  • E04F11/1836—Handrails of balustrades; Connections between handrail members
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
  • E04F11/00—Stairways, ramps, or like structures; Balustrades; Handrails
  • E04F11/18—Balustrades; Handrails
  • E04F11/181—Balustrades
  • E04F11/1817—Connections therefor
  • E04F2011/1823—Connections therefor between balustrade filling members, e.g. balusters or panels, and horizontal or sloping balustrade members
  • E04F2011/1825—Connections therefor between balustrade filling members, e.g. balusters or panels, and horizontal or sloping balustrade members between balustrade filling members, e.g. balusters or panels, and handrails
  • E04F2011/1829—Connections therefor between balustrade filling members, e.g. balusters or panels, and horizontal or sloping balustrade members between balustrade filling members, e.g. balusters or panels, and handrails between filling panels and handrails

Definitions

• balustrade glazing systems or balustrade and balcony glazing systems.
• balustrade glazing the handrail is implemented so that vertical posts placed on the spans support the handrail and receive the forces coming to the handrail.
• forces include internal loads caused by people, wind loads, and pressure and suction loads.
• the straightness of the handrail is determined by the vertical posts.
• balustrade glazing which is supported without balustrade posts placed on the spans the balustrade glazing is fastened in a stationary raannef at the bottom part to some type of profile, which is anchored in a stationary manner to the base slab underneath (c.f . for example patent application US
• Balustrade glazing is known in international patent application publication 96/24739, French patent application publications 2 268 920 and 2 544 373, international patent application
• balustrade glazing The fastening of the balustrade glazing to the lower rail in a stationary manner requires the use of a stronger balustrade glazing.
• balustrade glazing When the balustrade glazing is installed in a floating manner, i.e. so that it can move at its lower end and upper end so that it can curve freely, it is possible to reduce the strength requirements of balustrade glazing, when the possible loading (especially wind loads, and pressure and suction loads) are transmitted from the balustrade glazing to the support
• the objective of the invention is to enable the adjustment of the straightness of the handrail of the balustrade glazing system which has been implemented without vertical posts placed on the span.
• This objective can be accomplished by means of a balustrade system according to claim 1.
• This objective can be accomplished by means of a balustrade glazing system according to claim 1 and by means of a method according to claim 13.
• the objective according to a second aspect of the invention is to facilitate the installation of the balustrade glazing of the balustrade glazing system. This objective can be accomplished by means of a balustrade system according to the dependent claim 3.
• the balustrade glazing system comprises an essentially
• balustrade glazing system comprises a removable installation strip which has ah installation groove for a seal and which together with the stationary installation strip and possible seals determines the installation groove, and a number of locking elements for fastening the removable installation strip to the rail profile.
• the balustrade glazing system also includes an essentially horizontal lower rail provided with an installation groove which opens upward.
• the balustrade glazing system includes balustrade glazing which is installable or which has been installed essentially in a floating manner on the span between the installation groove of the handrail and the installation groove of the lower rail, whereby the balustrade glazing (4) supports the handrail (2) so that the upper edge (41) of the balustrade glazing (4) can essentially move in the installation groove (9) with respect to the width direction of the installation groove (9) .
• Balcony slabs, to which the lower rail is installed may have a tolerance of up to 20 mm from the horizontal direction in installations of prefabricated sections by virtue of standards, regulations or practices valid when this is being written.
• the balustrade glazing system also comprises a number of wedgelike elements for adjusting the distance between the balustrade glazing and the handrail by wedging the handrail upwards against the balustrade glass or against the protective/fastening profile on the balustrade glass .
• the straightness of the handrail on the span can be adjusted steplessly, for example regardless of the straightness of the lower rail of the balustrade glazing.
• the adjustability enables looser installation tolerances, and thus it is possible to expedite the installation.
• With the balustrade glazing system it is possible to compensate for the installation tolerances of balcony slabs, most preferably up to 20 mm.
• the straightness of the handrail on a span is important for aesthetic reasons in any case.
• the straightness of the handrail is, however, especially important when the balcony glazing is installed ori the handrail.
• the functioning of the balcony glazing may be disturbed if the handrail is not straight .
• balustrade glazing can be installed safely from above.
• the lower rail When the lower rail is fastened to the support structure by means of fastening elements, the lower rail can receive half of the forces in the direction of the normal of the balustrade glass directed to the balustrade glazing.
• the installation groove of the balustrade glazing is constituted by a stationary installation strip integrated into the handrail profile, where the stationary installation strip has an installation groove for a seal, and by a removable installation strip, which has an installation groove for a seal to be installed, the upper edge of the balustrade glazing can be installed in its installation groove from the inside of the balcony. This enhances occupational safety. Moreover, the falling of the balustrade glazing during installation can be prevented better.
• the balustrade glazing system further comprises a number of protective/fastening profiles which are installable or which have been installed to the upper edge of the balustrade glass, which protective/fastening profile/profiles is/are used for straightening the handrail by wedging it/them between the balustrade glass and the handrail, the damage caused by the wedging of the balustrade glazing can be prevented.
• the protective/retaining profile has the shape of an h- profile, its shape keeps the balustrade glass reliably in the installation groove during installation, and the installation of the balustrade glazing is facilitated, and the balustrade glazing can be installed by just one installer.
• the distance of the handrail and the upper surface of the profile located at the upper edge of the glass can be adjusted steplessly by turning the screw, screw thread or bolt.
• the moment required to turn a screw, screw thread or bolt is usually small in relation to the force produced by it, so the screw, screw thread or bolt facilitates the straightening of an even heavy handrail.
• the seals When the seals are made of or contain rubber-elastic mass, the seals attenuate the movement oi the balustrade glazing and the sharp impacts caused by the movement, reducing the risk of breakage of the balustrade glazing.
• the seals When seals are arranged on both sides of the balustrade glazing tightly against the balustrade glazing, the seals also serve in this case as an attenuator of the vibration of the balustrade glazing: when the lower end and/or upper end of the balustrade glazing differs from the position of balance as a result of a force in the direction of its normal, the seal causes a restoring force.
• the balustrade glazing When in the balustrade glazing system the balustrade glazing -supports the handrail -at the middle- area of the span so that the balustrade glazing is freely deflectable by the effect of the forces in the direction of the normal of the balustrade glazing, and where the lower rail and the handrail are arranged so that the forces in the direction of the normal of the balustrade glazing directed to the balustrade glass are transmitted to the support structures only via essentially horizontal rails, the balustrade glazing system can be implemented without vertical posts installed on the span by using in the balustrade glazing thinner glass which has weaker strength requirements. Such glass is usually cheaper glass. When unhardened glass is used, it is also workable. This facilitates the installation of the balustrade glazing thinner glass which has weaker strength requirements. Such glass is usually cheaper glass. When unhardened glass is used, it is also workable. This facilitates the installation of the balustrade glazing thinner glass which has weaker strength requirements. Such glass is usually cheaper glass. When unhardened glass is used, it is also workable. This facilitates
• balustrade glazing considerably As an example, possible dimensional errors (too wide or too high glazing) can be corrected during installation.
• balustrade glazing system also comprises balcony glazing suspended from an upper rail of an overhead support structure of the balustrade glazing system, where the balcony glazing is supported at its lower end to the handrail, the handrail can carry one half of the forces in the direction of the normal of the balcony glazing directed both to the
• balustrade glazing and one half of these forces directed to the possible balcony glazing are also possible.
• balustrade glazing system When the balustrade glazing system is configured to use a protective/retaining profile which has been installed or which is installable to the upper edge of the balustrade glazing in order to hold the balustrade glazing or to support the
• balustrade glazing during the installation of the balustrade glazing, the installation of the balustrade glazing is
• balustrade glazing can be installed by just one installer.
• the balustrade glazing is fastened after installation at the middle area of the span using elastic adhesive both to the bottom of the material of the lower rail and to the bottom of the protective/fastening profile, which is further glued to the installation groove of the handrail, most preferably to its bottom, the staying of the balustrade glass in its installation grooves can be ensured when forces that tend to raise the handrail upwards are directed to the handrail.
• the elastic adhesive does not prevent the deflection of the
• balustrade glazing system further comprises a guide to be installed in the fastening groove., where the run surface of the guide together with the run surface of the handrail
• an even run surface is constituted on the slide surface of the balcony glasses for the opening and closing of the balcony glasses.
• balustrade glazing of the balustrade glazing system is the balustrade glazing of the balustrade glazing system
• a glazing of 4+4 mm, 5+5 mm or 6+6 mm which is made of unhardened arid laminated glass.
• Unhardened glass can be worked (for example cut), unlike hardened glass.
• unhardened glass is usually cheaper than hardened glass, at least currently. In the balustrade glazing systems implemented so far, the use of unhardened glass has not been possible without vertical posts placed on the span.
• the balustrade glazing of the handrail of the balustrade glazing system is implemented by using some of the balustrade glazing of the handrail of the balustrade glazing system.
• balustrade glazing system according to the invention.
• the handrail On the span area between the support structure fastening, the handrail is straightened by a number of wedge-like elements by wedging the handrail upwards in the direction of the balustrade glazing against the balustrade glass (4) or against the
• balustrade glazing system is presented in more detail by means of the exemplary embodiment of the
• FIG 1 shows the cross-section of the balustrade glazing
• FIG 2 shows cross-section II - II of the balustrade glazing system with balcony glazing shown in FIG 5;
• FIG 3a shows the cross-section of the handrail in a
• balustrade glazing system without balcony glazing c.f . FIG 2, item III
• FIG 3b shows detail III shown in FIG 2, i.e. cross-section of a balustrade glazing system and balcony glazing system which also includes a balcony glass and guide;
• FIG 4 shows detail IV shown in FIG 2 of the cross-section of the lower rail
• FIG 5 shows the balustrade glazing system and balcony
• FIG 6 shows detail VII, i.e. concealed fastening of the
• FIG 7 shows cross-section VII - VII of the concealed
• FIG 8 shows a detail of an alternative fastening of the
• FIG 9 shows cross-section IX - IX of the fastening shown in
• FIG 8 The first figure
• FIG 10 shows the lower rail, alternative fastening, cross- section
• FIG 1 shows the cross- section of a balustrade glazing system 1.
• the balustrade glazing system 1 is otherwise similar to the balustrade glazing system 1 shown in FIG 2, but balcony glazing 6 has also been installed in the balustrade glazing system 1 of drawing FIG 2.
• FIG 5 shows the balustrade glazing system and balcony glazing system seen from the inside.
• the quantity of the balustrade glasses 4 and balcony glasses 60 can vary .
• the balustrade glazing system 1 comprises an essentially horizontal handrail 2 provided with an installation groove 9 and having a span length of at least 3.0 m and fastened in a stationary manner only at the ends to support structures 8 by means of a support structure fastening system 7 , and an
• balustrade glazing system comprises balustrade glazing 4 installed essentially in a floating manner on the span between the installation groove 9 of the handrail and the installation groove 38 Of the lower rail, which
• balustrade glazing 4 supports the handrail 2 at the middle area of the span so that the balustrade glazing 4 is freely
• Free deflection here means that seals 20a, 20b at the lower end of the balustrade glass 4 and correspondingly seals 20a at the upper end serve as support lines.
• the force F pulls or pushes the balustrade glass 4 outwards or inwards
• the upper edge and the lower edge of the balustrade glass 4 can move somewhat in the respective installation groove 9, 38 when the balustrade glass 4 turns around the respective support line.
• the expression "essentially ho izontal" means a horizontal direction where the deviation from the horizontal direction remains within the limits permitted by standards valid at the time of examination.
• FIG 2 shows the balustrade glazing system 1 in section II - II (see FIG 5) , onto which balustrade glazing system 1 balcony glazing 6 is integrated.
• the balcony glazing 6 comprises a number of balcony glasses 60 .
• the balustrade glazing system 1 comprises balcony glazing 6 suspended from an upper rail 61 of an overhead support structure 62 of the balustrade glazing system 1, where the balcony glazing 6 is supported at its lower end to the handrail 2.
• the handrail 2 carries one half of the forces in the direction of the normal F of the balcony glazing 6 directed both to the balustrade glazing 4 and one half of these forces directed to the possible balcony glazing 6.
• FIG 3b shows a balustrade glazing system 1 which also comprises a guide 50 to be installed in the fastening groove 17, where the run surface 25 of the guide 50 together with the run surface 27 of the handrail constitutes an even surface along which the slide surface 26 of the lower profile 63 of the balcony glass 60 can be carried so that the balcony glasses 60 are runnable against the run surface 27 of the handrail 2 and against the run surface 25 of the guide 50 from the closed position to the open position and vice versa.
• Unhardened and laminated glass is used as the balustrade glazing 4.
• the thickness of the glass is 4 to 12 mm (e.g. 4+4 mm, 5+5 mm or 6+6 mm) .
• FIG 3a shows a balustrade glazing system 2 without balcony glazing 6.
• the installation groove 9 of the balcony glazing 4 is constituted by a stationary installation strip 22 integrated into the handrail profile 10, where the stationary installation strip 22 has an installation groove 18a for a seal 20a to be installed, and by a removable installation strip 11, which has an installation groove 18b for a seal 20a to be installed.
• the seals 20a are installed into place before installation.
• the - handrail profile 10 and the removable installation strip 11 are cut to the pre-determined dimension before bringing them to the installation site.
• the seals 20a are usually installed at the factory after the cutting of the handrail profile 10 and the removable installation strip 11.
• FIG 3b shows a handrail 10, into which balcony glazing 6 has been integrated.
• FIG 4 shows a cross-section of the lower rail 3.
• the lower rail 3 is fastened to the support structure 5 by means of fastening elements 32.
• the installation bracket of metal 33 is fastened to the support structure 5 by means of fastening elements 34.
• the angle bracket of metal 33 can have oval holes for the fastening elements 34 and 32 both for fastening the lower rail 30 to the installation bracket of metal and for fastening the installation bracket of metal 33 to the support structure 5.
• FIG 10 shows an alternative fastening of the lower rail 3 to the support structure 5, where the lower rail 3 is fastened directly to the support structure 5 by means of a fastening element 44.
• An installation groove 38 of the balustrade glass 4 is
• the seal 20a is constituted between the seals 20a and 20b to be installed in the installation grooves 36 of the lower rail profile 30, where the installation groove 38 is open upwards.
• the seal 20a is
• balustrade glazing 4 is installed into place after the
• the seal 20b is used for sealing and centering the lower part of the balustrade glazing 4 in the installation groove 38 of the lower rail 3.
• the seals 20a, 20b can be of rubber-elastic mass, for example rubber.
• the seals 20a, 20b are most preferably made of or contain EPD rubber (ethylene propylene diene monometer (M- class) ) .
• FIG 6 shows detail VII of the balcony glazing and balustrade glazing shown in FIG 5, and FIG 6 describes concealed fastening.
• a fastening plate 101 is fastened to the support structure 8 by means of a fastening element 105, after which the handrail profile 10 is lowered onto it through the opening 106 made in the profile, presented in FIG 7, and fastened to the fastening plate 101 at the side by means Of a fastening element 102 and at the top by means of fastening elements 103.
• FIG 7 shows section VII - VII of the fastening of the handrail 2 shown in FIG 6.
• FIG 7 shows that there is a cavity 107 at both ends of the handrail 2 for the installation of a fastening piece 101.
• the fastening pieces 101 are installed in the support structures 8 by means of fastening elements 105 before the installation of the handrail 2,
• An opening 106 has been made in the cross-sectional surface of the handrail profile 10, through which opening 106 the handrail 2 is lowered onto the fastening pieces 101.
• the handrail 2 is fastened at the side and at the top by means of fastening elements 102 (e.g. hexagonal socket head screw M6x30 ST) and 103 (e.g. pop rivet 4.2x13 ST) .
• fastening elements 102 e.g. hexagonal socket head screw M6x30 ST
• 103 e.g. pop rivet 4.2x13 ST
• FIG 8 and FIG 9 show an alternative fastening of the handrail 2 to the support structure 8, where a fastening bracket of metal is fastened to the support structure 8 means of fastening elements 108 and washers 109, and the handrail is fastened onto the installation bracket of metal 104 by means of fastening elements 110.
• a stiffener profile 15 which increases the section modulus has been installed or is installable inside the handrail profile 10 of the handrail 2, which stiffener profile 15 is fastened to the cavity 107 (FIG 3a) of the handrail profile 10 by means of fastening elements 16.
• the handrail 2 is an extrusion, the cross-section of which is constant with the exception of possible fastening lead- throughs , whereby the cavity 107 is usable for accommodating both the fastening plates 101 (see FIG 7) and the stiffener profile 15 (see FIG 3a) .
• the stiffener profile 15 can be solid (e.g. barlike) or open (e.g. tubular) .
• the bottom of the installation groove 38 of the lower rail 3 contains material 31 (e.g. plastic), the hardness of which is smaller than the hardness of the balustrade glass 4 and the friction coefficient of which is smaller than the friction coefficient of the balustrade glazing 4 and of the installation groove 38 of the lower rail 3
• the material 31 is shaped into the shape of a U-profile.
• the material is installed into place to the bottom of the lower rail profile 30, where it locks under the shoulders 45 in the lower rail profile 31.
• the purpose of the protective/fastening profile 42 which is installable or which has been installed to the upper edge 41 of the balustrade glazing 4 is to lead the vertical forces coming from the handrail 2 to the upper edge 41 of the balustrade glazing 4 over a larger area.
• the balustrade glazing system 1 is configured to use a
• the protective/retaining profile 42 which has been installed or which is installable to the upper edge 41 of the balustrade glazing 4 in order to hold the balustrade glazing or to support the balustrade glazing during the installation of the balustrade glazing 4.
• the protective/retaining profile 42 can preferably have the shape of ah h-profile.
• the protective/retaining profile 42 can be used for
• the balustrade glazing system 1 preferably comprises a wedge-like element 13 for straightening the handrail 4 on a span.
• the wedge-like element 13 can be a screw or bolt or comprise one .
• the balustrade glazing system 1 is used in a multistorey building in the implementation of the balustrade glazing or balustrade and balcony glazing Of external balconies located on different storeys or for the implementation or a roof terrace or terraces on different storeys.
• the balustrade glazing 4 is fastened at the middle area of the span using elastic adhesive 39 (e.g. silicone-type adhesives such as Sikaflex ® -221 or Sikaflex ® -222 UV) both to the bottom of the material 31 of the lower rail 3 and to the bottom of the protective/fastening profile 42, which is further glued to the bottom of the installation groove 9 of the handrail 2.
• elastic adhesive 39 e.g. silicone-type adhesives such as Sikaflex ® -221 or Sikaflex ® -222 UV
• balustrade glasses 4 and balcony glazing 6 must be dimensioned to withstand wind pressure on the basis of the height of the building in question and the terrain category in question.
• the wind pressure to be used in the dimensioning is 1.25 kN/m 2 .
• the wind pressure to be used in the dimensioning is 1.01 kN/m 2 .
• the balustrade glazing system 1 By means of the balustrade glazing system 1 according to the invention, manufactured as a prototype, the balustrade glazing can be implemented in a building which is 20 m high (terrain category 0) for example when the width of the balcony is 4.6 m or less.
• the balustrade glazing system 1 according to the invention manufactured as a prototype, the balustrade glazing can be implemented in a building which is as high as 40 m high (terrain category 1) when the width of the balcony is 6 m or less.
• the balustrade glazing system 1 also comprises balcony glazing 6 above the handrail 2.
• the wind load is illustrated in the drawings by the force F in the direction of the normal of the balustrade glazing 4.
• building supervision authorities give guidelines cohcerning the maximum permitted deflection of the handrail. When this is being written, this value in Helsinki is 25 mm.
• the maximum deflection of the balustrade glazing system 1 according to the invention
• the handrail 2 is strengthened at least on the uppermost storeys by means of a stiffener profile 15.
• the balustrade and balcony glazing system can be used for implementing balustrade and balcony glazing of the types presented in the enclosed examples, conforming to the Eurocodes and building regulations.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Steps, Ramps, And Handrails (AREA)
• Escalators And Moving Walkways (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (2)

Family

ID=53052901

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (2)

Cited By (2)

Families Citing this family (5)

Family Cites Families (12)

• 2015
  • 2015-03-25 WO PCT/IB2015/052205 patent/WO2015145374A1/en active Application Filing
  • 2015-03-25 EP EP15720786.1A patent/EP3122955B1/de active Active

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