EP3120086B1 - Panel and panel system for ventilation and both reactive and dissipative sound dampening - Google Patents

Panel and panel system for ventilation and both reactive and dissipative sound dampening Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3120086B1
EP3120086B1 EP15765539.0A EP15765539A EP3120086B1 EP 3120086 B1 EP3120086 B1 EP 3120086B1 EP 15765539 A EP15765539 A EP 15765539A EP 3120086 B1 EP3120086 B1 EP 3120086B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
panel
resonators
groove
baffles
stile
Prior art date
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Active
Application number
EP15765539.0A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3120086A4 (en
EP3120086A1 (en
Inventor
Vicking Wai King YAU
James Higgins
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Vanair Design Inc
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Vanair Design Inc
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Priority claimed from CA2847131A external-priority patent/CA2847131C/en
Priority claimed from US14/221,250 external-priority patent/US9493949B2/en
Application filed by Vanair Design Inc filed Critical Vanair Design Inc
Publication of EP3120086A1 publication Critical patent/EP3120086A1/en
Publication of EP3120086A4 publication Critical patent/EP3120086A4/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B5/00—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor
    • E06B5/20—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor for insulation against noise
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/44—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose
    • E04C2/52—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose with special adaptations for auxiliary purposes, e.g. serving for locating conduits
    • E04C2/521—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose with special adaptations for auxiliary purposes, e.g. serving for locating conduits serving for locating conduits; for ventilating, heating or cooling
    • E04C2/523—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose with special adaptations for auxiliary purposes, e.g. serving for locating conduits serving for locating conduits; for ventilating, heating or cooling for ventilating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
    • F24F13/08—Air-flow control members, e.g. louvres, grilles, flaps or guide plates
    • F24F13/18—Air-flow control members, e.g. louvres, grilles, flaps or guide plates specially adapted for insertion in flat panels, e.g. in door or window-pane
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
    • F24F13/24—Means for preventing or suppressing noise
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/82—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to sound only
    • E04B1/84—Sound-absorbing elements
    • E04B1/86—Sound-absorbing elements slab-shaped
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/74—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge
    • E04B2/7407—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge assembled using frames with infill panels or coverings only; made-up of panels and a support structure incorporating posts
    • E04B2/7409—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge assembled using frames with infill panels or coverings only; made-up of panels and a support structure incorporating posts special measures for sound or thermal insulation, including fire protection
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/82—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to sound only
    • E04B1/84—Sound-absorbing elements
    • E04B2001/8423—Tray or frame type panels or blocks, with or without acoustical filling
    • E04B2001/8452—Tray or frame type panels or blocks, with or without acoustical filling with peripheral frame members
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/82—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to sound only
    • E04B1/84—Sound-absorbing elements
    • E04B2001/8457—Solid slabs or blocks
    • E04B2001/8476—Solid slabs or blocks with acoustical cavities, with or without acoustical filling
    • E04B2001/848—Solid slabs or blocks with acoustical cavities, with or without acoustical filling the cavities opening onto the face of the element
    • E04B2001/8485—Solid slabs or blocks with acoustical cavities, with or without acoustical filling the cavities opening onto the face of the element the opening being restricted, e.g. forming Helmoltz resonators
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/70—Door leaves
    • E06B2003/7049—Specific panel characteristics
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/70—Door leaves
    • E06B2003/7094—Door leaves with ventilated innerspace
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/70—Door leaves
    • E06B3/72—Door leaves consisting of frame and panels, e.g. of raised panel type
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B7/00—Special arrangements or measures in connection with doors or windows
    • E06B7/02—Special arrangements or measures in connection with doors or windows for providing ventilation, e.g. through double windows; Arrangement of ventilation roses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
    • F24F13/24—Means for preventing or suppressing noise
    • F24F2013/245—Means for preventing or suppressing noise using resonance

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of ventilation panels for use in doors, walls, ceilings and partitions.
  • Passive ventilation allows rooms to ventilate while windows and doors are closed. This reduces condensation and provides a healthy air exchange. Passive ventilation may be achieved by either the installation of transfer ducts in the ceiling or walls between two closed spaces and/or the installation of grills in or around a doorway. In regards to ducts, these must be custom sized and installed on site during building construction or during a major renovation. With regard to grills, these are seen as aesthetically displeasing. An example of an after-market grill to retrofit on standard doors is made by Tamarack Technologies Inc. A drawback of all such door grills is the lack of acoustic privacy. The grill simply provides a thoroughfare air channel from one space
  • the present invention provides a panel and/or system for ventilation and both reactive and dissipative sound dampening which comprises in use:
  • the present invention additionally comprises a door comprising at least one of the above-noted panels and/or panel structures.
  • the present invention additionally comprises a wall comprising at least one of the above-noted panels and/or panel structures.
  • the present invention additionally comprises a partition comprising at least one of the above-noted panels and/or panel structures.
  • the present invention additionally comprises a window comprising at least one of the above-noted panels and/or panel structures.
  • the present invention additionally comprises a panel system comprising:
  • the panels and systems of the present invention are especially suited to use in doors, walls, partitions, ceilings and floors, in residential, commercial and industrial contexts.
  • Some advantages of the invention include, without limitation, the ability of the panels to provide ventilation to an enclosed space without installing a vent while reducing the amount of sound transmission significantly as compared to an "open" vent.
  • the panels in accordance with the invention can be used in a variety of contexts, including the formation of doors, which can be used easily to replace existing doors, therein to provide a simple, inexpensive means of providing passive ventilation/airflow while not compromising sound attenuation.
  • peripheral means of or relating to the area that is to at least one side of the area being examined/discus sed/considered.
  • the function of the first machine may or may not be the same as the function of the second machine.
  • the present invention provides a passive ventilation panel, panel structure and system which enables and both reactive and dissipative sound dampening as well as air exchange between at least two spaces/rooms by way of a combination of i) a staggered, non-linear configuration of vertical air inlet and outlet vents, forming a Z-shaped channel of air flow; ii) a plurality of horizontally dispersed staggered baffles and iii) a plurality of resonators peripheral to said baffles.
  • a passive ventilation panel, panel structure and system which enables and both reactive and dissipative sound dampening as well as air exchange between at least two spaces/rooms by way of a combination of i) a staggered, non-linear configuration of vertical air inlet and outlet vents, forming a Z-shaped channel of air flow; ii) a plurality of horizontally dispersed staggered baffles and iii) a plurality of resonators peripheral to said baffles.
  • At least one vertically oriented ventilation groove on the front of a panel or surface for passive air passage to the hollow centre and at least one vertically oriented ventilation groove on the back of the panel or surface (back groove) for passive air passage to the hollow centre, wherein the front groove and the back groove are non-linear, staggered and form a Z-shaped air channel within the hollow centre.
  • ventilation grooves are proximate to one side of the panel or surface.
  • a typical objective in reducing sound transmission through a structure is to isolate the source from the structure before the energy can be transmitted to the structure, causing the structure to vibrate.
  • the primary ways to reduce sound transmission through multi-component structures is to add mass and to decouple or isolate individual components so that vibrations cannot be passed from one component to the next. Decoupling can be done in many ways and, in accordance with the invention it is accomplished as follows:
  • Absorptive or dissipative silencers use sound absorbing materials to attenuate sound waves.
  • Dissipative silencers are widely used, for example, in HVAC duct systems.
  • Typical dissipative silencers are configured in a parallel baffle arrangement.
  • a plurality of horizontally dispersed/ staggered baffles dissipates and absorbs sound within the panel or panel structure.
  • sound absorptive material in cavity shaped and arranged shaped similar to double wedge airfoils and staggered
  • the shape of baffle may be long to damp a larger frequency range, extending into lower ranges, for sound travelling normal to duct orientation.
  • Baffle length can be adjusted based on size of door, partition, wall or window, as desired.
  • the thickness of the baffles may be selected with reference to the predominant frequency of the noise to be addressed (see Table 1).
  • the incident sound energy is partially transformed to heat by causing motion in the fibers during its passage through the material.
  • Typical DIL - Dynamic Insertion Losses - with absorptive silencers are indicated in Table 1 below Diameter (inches) Length (inches Frequency (Hz) 125 250 500 1000 12000 4000 8000 4 24 8 14 26 34 41 45 25 5 24 6 12 22 28 37 38 22 6 24 5 10 18 23 33 30 19 8 24 4 9 17 22 29 25 18 10 36 6 11 21 27 39 25 19 12 36 5 9 18 23 32 20 18 16 36 5 8 11 23 19 17 15 • (1 in). (25.4 mm)
  • baffles are of a sufficient "depth” such that air travels into channels around the baffles (airflow channels) and not “over” or “under” the baffles, in situ. This true regardless of whether in situ refers to a panel (for example, rail and stile or “Dutch Shaker” style panels) or panel structure (for example face-frame-face or single panel structures), both described further below.
  • this type of absorptive silencer acoustic energy is converted to heat by the sound-absorbing processes which take place in the small interconnected air passages of fibrous or open-celled foam plastic materials of the baffle. They are used to provide attenuation of noise over a broad band of frequencies. Because of the frequency characteristics of the absorbing materials they employ, this type of silencer is much more effective at medium and high than at low frequencies.
  • baffle size and design allows a necessary balance between the requirements of good high frequency sound attenuation (i.e. narrow airways) and minimum flow resistance and silencer self-generated noise resistance and as such, airflow is only restricted within acceptable limits.
  • Preferred sound absorbing materials for baffle are fibrous, lightweight and porous, possessing a cellular structure of intercommunicating spaces. It is within these interconnected open cells that acoustic energy is converted into thermal energy.
  • the preferred sound-absorbing material for the baffle is a dissipative structure which acts as a transducer to convert acoustic energy into thermal energy.
  • the actual loss mechanisms in the energy transfer are viscous flow losses caused by wave propagation in the material and internal frictional losses caused by motion of the material's fibres.
  • the absorption characteristics of a material are dependent upon its thickness, density, porosity, flow resistance, fibre orientation, and the like.
  • porous absorption materials are made from vegetable, mineral or ceramic fibres (the latter for high temperature applications) and elastomeric foams, and come in various forms.
  • the materials may be prefabricated units, such as glass blankets, fibreboards, or lay-in tiles or foam or open cell plastic.
  • the baffles in accordance with the invention comprise fibrous, acoustic media selected from the group comprising foam, butyl rubber and any other suitably sound absorptive matter if such matter i) absorbs sound waves and ii) reduces the level of noise.
  • the greater the length of the baffle the greater amount of acoustic energy absorbed.
  • two other parameters control the sound absorption: the thickness of each baffle and the size of the air space between the baffles.
  • the panel of the present invention further comprises a plurality, of spaced apart, generally parallel sound-attenuating baffles which extend horizontally across the hollow centre between the front and the back of a panel or within a frame between a front surface and back surface.
  • the sound attenuating baffles are arranged in an off-set manner and define a plurality of through air passageways.
  • each of the sound attenuating baffles is substantially rectangular in cross section having first and second pairs of opposed faces.
  • the sound attenuating baffles may also have other configurations, however, and include rectangles with rounded and pointed corners etc... so as to effect the reflecting of the air between adjacent sound alternating baffles.
  • each panel (or space between a frame in a single panel structure) comprises four baffles. In another embodiment, each panel (or space between a frame in a single panel structure) comprises six baffles. In another embodiment, each panel (or space between a frame in a single panel structure) comprises eight baffles.
  • baffles are shaped similarly to double-wedge airfoil.
  • baffles are disposed within the hollow centre "lining" the cavity on two or more surfaces. These wall lining baffles are illustrated best in Figures 17-20 .
  • the baffles are comprised of at least one of acoustic tiles, fibreglass and acoustical foam.
  • baffles are of a sufficient "depth” such that air travels into channels around the baffles (airflow channels) and not “over” or “under” the baffles, in situ.
  • the primary function of a reactive silencer is to reflect sound waves back to the source. Energy is dissipated in the extended flow path resulting from internal reflections and by absorption at the source.
  • the operation principle of the reactive silencers is a combination of lambda/4- and Helmholtz-resonators acting as acoustic filters. Reactive silencers have tuned cavities or membranes and are designed to attenuate low frequency noise.
  • Reactive silencers work by providing an impedance mismatch to the sound waves, causing reflection back towards the source, and by using destructive interference to 'tune out' particular frequencies.
  • the attenuation produced depends on the dimensions of the pipes and chambers of the silencer.
  • Reactive silencers can be very effective at reducing the amplitude of pure tones of fixed frequency, particularly if these are at low frequencies, where the absorptive type of silencer is ineffective. However, there can also be frequencies at which they allow sound to be transmitted with very little attenuation.
  • the resonant cavities which provide reactive silencing to the panel are based on the Helmholtz resonator principle. So, within the second aspect of panel sound attenuation, in accordance with the present invention, it is preferred to incorporate Helmholtz Resonators into the periphery of the hollow centre. These are sound absorbing constructions that act like a mass-spring-damper system. As shown in Figure 2 , a cavity of air is enclosed in the side of the door 18 with a thin neck opening 20 to the flow pathway 22. Sound compresses and expands air in the cavity 24 that acts as a spring forcing a mass of air in and out of the neck 26.
  • Figure 2 as a cross-sectional view of a door, from the top, also illustrates, in part, the first part of the Z-shaped air channel within the hollow centre, formed by one vertically oriented ventilation groove on the front of the panel (front groove) for passive air passage to the hollow centre and at least one vertically oriented ventilation groove on the back of the panel (back groove) for passive air passage to the hollow centre.
  • the front groove and the back groove are nonlinear, staggered and form a Z-
  • Air flow pathway 22 is damped by viscous air forces and the skin friction in the neck (refer to Figure 1 for simple graphic depiction of a Helmholtz resonator generally at 10, having neck 12 (with length L), opening 14 (with area S) and cavity 16 (with volume V).
  • Figure 1 for simple graphic depiction of a Helmholtz resonator generally at 10, having neck 12 (with length L), opening 14 (with area S) and cavity 16 (with volume V).
  • the panel of the present invention comprises a plurality of at least partial resonators formed on the periphery of the hollow centre.
  • the at least partial resonators are made whole by engagement of the panel with a stile, said stile comprising a remaining portion of the resonators (in other words, the entire resonator is created by the "mating" of the panel and stile.
  • the panel of the invention comprises necks of the resonators on the periphery of the hollow centre, said necks being mate-able with cavities of the resonators disposed within a stile, when said panel and stile are operably engaged.
  • a row of resonators formed in one aspect by the mating of the panel (with the resonator neck) and the stile (with the resonator cavity) the dimensions of which may be similar or different is tuned to one or more frequencies constituting noise sources in the channels, or else to frequencies which are sufficiently close to one another to damp the noise within a range of frequencies.
  • the tuning of the frequencies can be carried out by acting on the dimensions (length, width, height) of the cavities and necks and/or their shape so as to constitute Helmholtz resonators.
  • panel systems which enable air exchange between at least two spaces/rooms by way of a combination of i) a staggered, non-linear configuration of vertical air inlet and outlet vents, forming a Z-shaped channel of air flow; ii) a plurality of horizontally dispersed staggered baffles and iii) a plurality of resonators peripheral to said baffles.
  • Three categories of systems (frames, panels and panel structures) are described:
  • frame and panel construction is employed.
  • Frame and panel construction also called rail and stile, is a woodworking technique often used in the making of doors, wainscoting, and other decorative features for cabinets, furniture, and homes (often referred to as "Shaker Style Panels") and, insofar as the present invention applies to doors, the "panel” described may simply be substituted for the base panel in conventional door, wall, partition and window manufacturing.
  • the basic idea is to capture a 'floating' panel within a sturdy frame, as opposed to techniques used in making a slab solid wood cabinet door or drawer front, the door is constructed of several solid wood pieces running in a vertical or horizontal direction with exposed end grains.
  • the panel is not glued to the frame but is left to 'float' within it so that seasonal movement of the wood comprising the panel does not distort the frame.
  • frame and panel construction at its most basic consists of five members: panels 28 and 30 and the four members which make up the frame.
  • the vertical members of the frame are called stiles (34 and 35) while the horizontal members are known as rails (36, 38 and 40).
  • a basic frame and panel item consists of a top rail, a bottom rail, two stiles, and a one or more panels. This is a common method of constructing cabinet doors and these are often referred to as a five piece door (with one panel).
  • the panel is either captured in a groove made in the inside edge of the frame members or housed in an edge rabbet made in the rear inside edge. Panels are made slightly smaller than the available space within the frame to provide room for movement. Wood will expand and contract across the grain, and a wide panel made of solid wood could change width by a half of an inch, warping the door frame. By allowing the wood panel to float, it can expand and contract without damaging the door. A typical panel would be cut to allow 1/4" (5 mm) between itself and the bottom of the groove in the frame. It is common to place some sort of elastic material in the groove between the edge of the panel and the frame before assembly. These items center the panel in the frame and absorb seasonal movement. A popular item for this purpose is a small rubber ball, known as a spaceball (a trademarked product). Some cabinet makers will also use small pieces of cork to allow for movement. The panels are usually either flat or raised.
  • a flat panel has its visible face flush with the front of the groove in the frame. This gives the panel an inset appearance.
  • This style of panel is commonly made from man-made materials such as MDF or plywood but may also be made from solid wood or tongue and groove planks. Panels made from MDF will be painted to hide their appearance, but panels of hardwood-veneer plywood will be stained and finished to match the solid wood rails and stiles.
  • a raised panel has a profile cut into its edge so that the panel surface is flush with or proud of the frame.
  • Some popular profiles are the ogee, chamfer, and scoop or cove.
  • Panels may be raised by a number of methods - the two most common in modern cabinetry are by coving on the table saw or the use of a panel raising cutter in a wood router or spindle moulder.
  • stiles (34 and 35) are attached to rails (36, 38 and 40) by tongue (42 on each rail) inserted into groove 44, on each stile.
  • Extending from the sides of each of panels 28 and 30 are necks 46 (i.e. partial resonators). Cavities 48 to complete resonator are disposed within groove 44 on stiles 32 and 34. It is important to note that, on each panel, necks 46 while extending sideways, extend from a top surface on a front of the panel and extend from a rear surface on a back of the panel..
  • the neck openings are always exposed to the direction of air flow, which flows in a Z-shaped air channel (viewed in cross-section from the top of the structure), due to the orientation of the ventilation grooves, i.e. one vertically oriented ventilation groove on the front of the panel (front groove) for passive air passage to the hollow centre and at least one vertically oriented ventilation groove on the back of the panel (back groove) for passive air passage to the hollow centre, wherein front groove and back groove are offset (opposite sides and ends of such sides of each panel).
  • front groove on panel 28 is shown as 50.
  • Corresponding back groove on that same panel (28) is not visible on that Figure.
  • Figure 4 illustrates a panel structure (for example a door) generally at 52 comprising stiles 54 and 56, rails 58, 60 and 62 and two panels 64 and 66.
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view through line B-B of Figure 4 . This "top” cross-sectional view clearly shows 1) the off-set of front ventilation groove 68 and back ventilation groove 70 wherein the passive airflow channel forms a Z-shape.
  • Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view through line A-A of Figure 4 . This "side" cross-sectional view clearly shows the hollow chamber 72 formed within panel 64 and the hollow channel 74 formed within panel 66.
  • the plurality of horizontally dispersed, staggered baffles 110 are comprised within panels (for example 28 and 30). These are best shown in Figures 17-20 , described further below.
  • liner baffles 108 disposed within the hollow centre "lining" the cavity on two or more end or side hard surfaces.
  • there are additional sound absorption benefits Generally, it is desirable, when sound hits a surface to have absorption i.e. non-reflection. Such an absorptive effect is enhanced when the absorptive baffle is backed onto a hard surface, such the sides/ends of the panel or frame, as in 108.
  • a pressed assembly method is employed in creation of a door.
  • an inner frame or rib is disposed between two veneers, surfaces or skins and the arrangement, so formed, provides reactive and dissipative sound dampening as well as ventilation there through.
  • Inner frame or rib comprises a plurality of rails, stiles, and slotted muntins and when pressed between two veneers, surfaces or skins creates a "hollow panel", similar to the hollow panel described above.
  • hollow space(s) are created in the center which becomes the air pathway and hollow spaces on the left and right sides open to the air pathway cavity through the slots in the muntins, become the sound absorptive resonators.
  • the air pathway cavity comprises a plurality of staggered horizontally oriented baffles, shaped similar to a double wedge airfoil, that are pressed tightly between the two faces.
  • the resonator cavities are filled in whole or part with a sound absorption material, such as, for example, foam.
  • each of the slots (routed through the surfaces/faces) line up with the inside edge of the slotted muntins (this is apparent in the dimensioning as well).
  • These slots are on opposing sides and are the inlet and outlet for air to flow through the cavity created in the center.
  • Figure 7 illustrates a door, generally at 76 comprising a front surface (or face) 78 and front ventilation groove 80.
  • Figure 8 illustrates a single panel frame (or rib), generally at 84 comprising rails 84 and 86, stiles 88 and 90, slotted muntin 92, staggered horizontal baffles 94, and liner baffles 96.
  • Figure 9 is a cross-section through B-B of Figure 8 depicting slotted muntin 92 (forming resonator cavities 98-se Figure 11 ), along with cross-section of rails 84 and 86.
  • Figure 10 shows detail C of Figure 9 and specifically illustrates how slotted muntin 92 "create" the resonator cavities.
  • Figure 11 illustrates expanded (1:5) detail A of Figure 8 showing space between slotted muntin 92, rail 84 and stile 88 and wherein foam 100 fills resonator cavity 98 between slotted muntin 92 and stile 88.
  • Figure 12 similarly shows generally at 91 a frame or rib comprising rails 84 and 86, stiles 88 and 90, slotted muntin 92 and centre rail 89.
  • numerals 85 and 87 denote "open" spaces.
  • Figure 13 shows frame 91 with preferred door dimensions and indications of cross-section line C-C.
  • Figure 14a is said C-C cross-section across the hollow, showing rail 84, slotted muntin 92, centre rail 89 and rail 86.
  • Figure 14b further drills down to an exploded view over E (1:5) (shown in Figure 14a ) so that muntin forming resonator cavities can be seen.
  • Figure 15 further drills down to an exploded view over B (1:5) (shown in Figure 13 ) so that space between slotted muntin 92, rail 84 and stile 88 and wherein resonator cavity 98 between slotted muntin 92 and stile 88 can be seen.
  • Figure 16 depicts a single panel structure for ventilation and both reactive and dissipative sound dampening which comprises a frame (generally at 82) disposed between a front surface 120 and a back surface 122, wherein frame 82 comprises at least two rails (84 and 86) and two stiles (88 and 90) and a slotted muntin 92 and wherein said frame is disposed between the front surface 120 and the back surface 122 to form a hollow cavity defining in part a Z-shaped airflow pathway, from at least one vertically oriented ventilation groove on the front surface 80 (front groove) for passive air passage to the hollow cavity and at least one vertically oriented ventilation groove on the back surface 124 (back groove) for passive air passage to the hollow cavity, wherein the front groove and the back groove are non-linear and staggered and wherein at a right side and left side of the cavity, through a plurality of slots 126 in the muntin, there are a plurality of resonators (necks 128 and cavities 130); and wherein
  • FIGS 17-20 illustrate arrangements of baffles (horizontal and liner) within panels and/or frames formed by rails 102 and 104, stiles 103 and 105 and centre rail 106.
  • a plurality of horizontal baffles 110 are staggered in upper and lower halves of the panels and/or frames.
  • Liner baffles 108 abut top and bottom of panels and/or frames.
  • generally horizontal baffles 110 comprise pointed ends 111.
  • resonator 91 formed in part by stile 103 (at the left side). It is to be understood that on opposite side of the panel (not shown) resonators would be on the opposite side.
  • a core and insert construction is employed.
  • This aspect provides a panel structure for ventilation and both reactive and dissipative sound dampening which comprises a core, at least two inserts and two skins, said core comprising i) a hollow cavity supported by a plurality of structural ribs, said hollow cavity defining in part a Z-shaped airflow pathway from an inlet to an outlet for passive air passage to the hollow cavity; ii) a plurality of staggered horizontally oriented baffles; and iii) at least two core lengthways (top to bottom) slots; into which an insert is slidable during assembly; each of said inserts comprising a plurality of resonator necks which are mateable with resonator bodies present in the core, upon insertion of the insert into the slot in the core; and wherein skins are fitted to opposing sides of the panel.
  • the core for use in this panel structure comprises i) a hollow cavity supported by a plurality of structural ribs, said hollow cavity defining in part a Z-shaped airflow pathway from an inlet to an outlet for passive air passage to the hollow cavity; ii) a plurality of staggered horizontally oriented baffles; and iii) at least two lengthways (top to bottom) slots into which inserts are slidable during assembly.
  • a varying inserts and covering skins may be tailored for specific uses and joined with a core.
  • Skins are meant, in this embodiment to be analogous to the veneers, surfaces or skins referred to in the embodiment B described above.
  • this cartridge and core embodiment is advantageous, cost-wise, as a user can make the "visible" portion of the panel (skins and/or inserts) of solid wood, which is appealing and assists in durability.
  • the other non-visible components can be made of materials which are less expensive.
  • this embodiment has clear advantages for manufacturing at high volume as it matches the standard assembly method of commercial door factories. It is therefore easy to integrate into a production line.
  • two inserts are dropped into slots within the core.
  • the inserts provide "necks" of each resonator
  • the core provides the respective matching "volume” or “body” thereby completing each (of a plurality) of resonator structures. See Figure 31 , volume shown as 164 (neck not shown at this cross-section position).
  • Core is defined by a hollow portion, supported by a plurality of ribs.
  • Figures 21-24 illustrate the core assembly.
  • Figure 21 is a front plan view of a core generally indicated at 150 comprising ribs 152 and cut-outs for slots 154.
  • Figure 22 shows ribs 152 and Figures 23 and 24 show more clearly slots 154 into which inserts are slidable.
  • Figures 25-28 illustrate the insert, generally indicated at 156 which is preferably a solid wood insert.
  • insert 156 which is preferably a solid wood insert.
  • Figures 29-33 illustrate the complete panel assembly 159 of this embodiment, in which i) insert 156 is slidable during assembly within slot 154 of core 150 (two inserts, two slots) and ii) skins 162 (also referred to here as a crossband) covers core 150, thereby forming entire panel assembly (ready for use, for example as door or wall panel).
  • Figure 33 additionally shows horizontal portion 170 (similar to rails) and vertical portion 172 (similar to stiles).
  • core 150 of preferably about 1.5" thickness is laid up first. It is hollow, with structural ribs 152 and the acoustic absorption shaped like double wedge baffles or airfoils (same pattern as previously described herein). Two full length, preferably 3" wide slots 154 cut out of the core. The solid wood inserts 156 fit into these slots. Preferably 1/8" doors skins 162 are pressed on both sides of the core/solid wood insert assembly. The final ventilation slots are routed into opposing sides of the door to achieve the advantages described above, in the context of the other embodiments..
  • the slots in the solid wood insert are the "necks" of the Helmoholtz resonators, and when assembled, the solid wood insert and the cavity behind create the full resonator assembly.
  • the solid wood inserts are easy to pre-manufacture, and they assure that all visible parts of the product are solid wood. This way, cheaper and more stable materials like particle board or MDF can be used to lay up the core.
  • the panel and panel structures may be used as whole or part of a door, it is preferred that the door be of sufficient size to fit in a door frame, for example, about 80 inches tall and 30 inches wide. Ventilation grooves are sufficiently wide to allow air passage there through, for example 0.5 to 1.5 inches, preferably 1 inch. Width of doors varies and with that, the panels and panel structures in accordance with the invention will likewise vary.
  • doors, walls, partitions and windows described herein may be made of any suitable material, including wood, metal, glass and the like.
  • the panel and/or frame structures of the present invention offer significant advantages in both ventilation and sound dampening, thereby allowing uses over a wide variety of residential, commercial and industrial applications.
  • heavy material is chosen for the solid panels as heavier materials exhibit higher resistance to being moved by sound and transmitting.
  • the whole panel acts as a Helmholtz resonator as well - i.e. small openings onto a larger cavity.
  • the panels and frame structures of the invention use:

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Securing Of Glass Panes Or The Like (AREA)
  • Specific Sealing Or Ventilating Devices For Doors And Windows (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
EP15765539.0A 2014-03-20 2015-03-20 Panel and panel system for ventilation and both reactive and dissipative sound dampening Active EP3120086B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA2847131A CA2847131C (en) 2014-03-20 2014-03-20 Panel and panel structure for ventilation and both reactive and dissipative sound dampening
US14/221,250 US9493949B2 (en) 2014-03-20 2014-03-20 Panel and panel structure for ventilation and both reactive and dissipative sound dampening
PCT/CA2015/000190 WO2015139123A1 (en) 2014-03-20 2015-03-20 Panel and panel structure for ventilation and both reactive and dissipative sound dampening

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3120086A1 EP3120086A1 (en) 2017-01-25
EP3120086A4 EP3120086A4 (en) 2018-08-01
EP3120086B1 true EP3120086B1 (en) 2021-03-10

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EP15765539.0A Active EP3120086B1 (en) 2014-03-20 2015-03-20 Panel and panel system for ventilation and both reactive and dissipative sound dampening

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EP (1) EP3120086B1 (ja)
JP (1) JP6722167B2 (ja)
WO (1) WO2015139123A1 (ja)

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JP2024529346A (ja) * 2021-07-12 2024-08-06 ヴァンエアー デザイン インク． 防音換気パネル及びその製造方法
CN115492506A (zh) * 2022-08-31 2022-12-20 复旦大学 一种可折叠消音通风窗结构

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2017514046A (ja) 2017-06-01
EP3120086A4 (en) 2018-08-01
WO2015139123A1 (en) 2015-09-24
JP6722167B2 (ja) 2020-07-15
EP3120086A1 (en) 2017-01-25

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