EP3116379A2 - Vorrichtung und verfahren zur nichtinvasiven überwachung eines sedierten oder anästhesierten menschen - Google Patents
Vorrichtung und verfahren zur nichtinvasiven überwachung eines sedierten oder anästhesierten menschenInfo
- Publication number
- EP3116379A2 EP3116379A2 EP15741741.1A EP15741741A EP3116379A2 EP 3116379 A2 EP3116379 A2 EP 3116379A2 EP 15741741 A EP15741741 A EP 15741741A EP 3116379 A2 EP3116379 A2 EP 3116379A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- value
- pain
- stimulus
- salivary amylase
- pain stimulus
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/48—Other medical applications
- A61B5/4824—Touch or pain perception evaluation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/42—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the gastrointestinal, the endocrine or the exocrine systems
- A61B5/4261—Evaluating exocrine secretion production
- A61B5/4277—Evaluating exocrine secretion production saliva secretion
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/48—Other medical applications
- A61B5/4821—Determining level or depth of anaesthesia
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/48—Other medical applications
- A61B5/4836—Diagnosis combined with treatment in closed-loop systems or methods
- A61B5/4839—Diagnosis combined with treatment in closed-loop systems or methods combined with drug delivery
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F7/00—Heating or cooling appliances for medical or therapeutic treatment of the human body
- A61F7/02—Compresses or poultices for effecting heating or cooling
- A61F2007/0295—Compresses or poultices for effecting heating or cooling for heating or cooling or use at more than one temperature
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device and a method for noninvasive monitoring of a sedated or anesthetized person.
- - local anesthesia also known as local anesthesia
- - slight sedation also known as twilight sleep
- - deep sedation also referred to as analgesic sedation or deep sleep
- anesthesia - general anesthesia, also called anesthesia.
- Local anesthesia is a form of anesthesia. It is defined as local pain cancellation in the area of nerve endings or pathways, without affecting the consciousness. It causes by targeted application of anesthetics, usually
- sedation refers to the attenuation of functions of the central nervous system by a sedative, also called
- Sedation The transition from sedation to one
- General anesthesia is fluent. In general anesthesia, the patient is no longer aroused.
- General anesthesia is a form of anesthesia whose purpose is to increase the patient's awareness and pain perception
- anesthetics also known as general anesthetics, administered in the central
- Nervous system act.
- the patient is not aroused, unlike the local anesthesia in which the
- Pain elimination via the blockage of nerve fibers includes only individual regions of the body.
- Anesthesia can also be used in intensive care, sedation is sufficient to continue the ventilation therapy.
- Analgosed ist also has certain advantages.
- a patient does not have to be sober, does not have to undergo a preliminary examination and can therefore be treated immediately on an outpatient basis.
- the apparatus and medical expenses for analgesic sedation is much lower and can also be carried out by the anesthetically trained surgeon.
- the significantly lower cost also means a significantly lower burden on the patient, so that even less resilient patients can be treated surgically with the subjective effect of general anesthesia.
- Analgosedierung is switched off, so that even during the Analgosed ist still a pain sensation can occur.
- a major disadvantage of the Analgosed ist is therefore a possible restlessness, triggered by pain stimuli of the intervention, in extreme cases, the demolition The surgery forces, because the patient in the subconscious despite deep sleep still perceives the painful stimuli of the operation.
- anesthetized individual using an evoked pain-specific reflex response uses a stimulation signal to cause the triggering of a pain-specific reflex in an individual.
- the pain-specific reflex used is either the protective and escape reflex, such as the blinking reflex on the eye, or the flexor reflex or the
- Flexural flexure is a polysynaptic spinal retraction reflex triggered by stimulation of nociceptive afferent nerves.
- the reflex response generated by the stimulation signal occurs within a period of 1 ms to 1 s after stimulation.
- a disadvantage of this method is the fact that the individual prediction probability for a reaction or the absence of a response to pain stimuli is not satisfied. The method is therefore relatively uncertain.
- the document JP 2010 081950A discloses a method for
- Submucosal Dissection whereby a saliva sample is taken from the patient and the amylase of the saliva sample is measured. An increase in the amylase value is used as an indication of a
- a disadvantage of this method is the fact that only an indication of an increase in the
- the object of the invention is an apparatus and a method for improved, non-invasive monitoring of a sedated or anesthetized person.
- a further object of the present invention is, in particular, an apparatus and a method for the noninvasive determination of the sedation depth or the depth of anesthesia of a sedated or anesthetized person.
- a device for noninvasive monitoring of a sedated or anesthetized person comprising a pain stimulus generating device, comprising a measuring device for detecting a
- Salivary amylase value of human comprising a
- a driving device and comprising an output device, wherein the driving device is configured such that it controls the pain-stimulus generating device to a pain stimulus to generate, and that the drive device after the
- Salivary amylase value is dependent value.
- the object is in particular solved with a method for the noninvasive monitoring of a sedated or anesthetized person by giving a pain stimulus to the human being, after having delivered the pain stimulus
- Salivary amyloid value of the human is measured, and by the measured salivary amylase value or a salary amylase value dependent value is output.
- the method according to the invention measures the salivary amylase activity or the salivary amylase concentration, hereinafter also referred to as the salivary amylase value, in particular during the period during which the human is sedated or anesthetized.
- the salivary amylase value is also a bioindicator for a person's pain. It has been shown, in particular, that the salivary amylase value may also increase in sedated or anesthetized people when they are exposed to severe pain, or when sedation or anesthesia is not sufficiently deep. The pain activates the autonomic nervous system in such a case.
- the inventive device and the inventive method thus have the advantage that the
- Salivary amyloid value is in a functional relationship with the pain that has occurred or with anesthesia or sedation depth. A physician can use this output value and based on his professional knowledge thus order necessary actions to, for example, the
- the inventive device comprises a
- Pain stimulus generating device which is applied to the patient is to produce a pain stimulus by means of a temperature stimulus or to cause pain stimulation stimulation.
- the course of the salivary amylase value is preferably monitored within a predetermined time window immediately after the generation of the pain stimulus, for example within a time window of 10 seconds to 5 minutes after the pain stimulation stimulation, to determine whether an increase in salivary amylase value occurs due to the pain stimulus. If the increase in the
- Saliva amylase value meets certain criteria and in particular takes place in said time window, it can be concluded that caused by the pain irritation generating device, the patient has a pain stimulus, which leads to a
- the device according to the invention or the method according to the invention thus makes it possible to monitor the sedation or the narcosis or the sedation or anesthesia depth of a person, and in particular to monitor it individually.
- the device according to the invention or the method according to the invention thus makes it possible to monitor the sedation or the narcosis or the sedation or anesthesia depth of a person, and in particular to monitor it individually.
- the inventive device also comprises a
- Dosage device which determines at least the amount and / or the nature of the medicament to be administered and preferably also the time of administration on the basis of the measured dose
- Salivary amylase suggests to a physician.
- the dosing device is designed such that it automatically administers the medicaments, preferably after the physician has confirmed the proposed medicaments, the dosage and the time.
- an individual pain sensitivity of the patient is detected by exposing the patient to a single and preferably temporally consecutive several pain stimuli of different strengths and the occurring
- Salivary amyloid value is measured, so that prior to surgery for each patient an individual relationship between
- Pain stimulus and the corresponding salivary amylase or an association between the temperature of the pain stimuli and the resulting salivary amylase is present. This is particularly advantageous because people react individually differently to pain stimuli such as temperature stimuli. People have individually different sensitivity profiles. In a further advantageous method step, a previous one
- Temperature of the temperature stimulus makes it possible during an operation due to the measured during the operation
- the sympathetic or sympathetic nervous system is part of the autonomic nervous system. Activation of the sympathetic nervous system due to the temperature stimulus of the
- Pain irritation generating device has an increase in
- Concentration of the enzyme alpha-amylase in the saliva result.
- An increase in alpha-amylase in saliva can be detected in particular from 10 seconds to one minute after excitement of the sympathetic nervous system or after stimulation with the temperature stimulus. The time window for monitoring by the
- Stimulation-induced increase in alpha-amylase thus begins preferably at 10 seconds to 1 minute after it has occurred
- the reflex signal measured in the previously cited document DE 102009053256A1 which is registered within a period of 1 millisecond to 1 second after the stimulation, monitors a completely different reaction of the human body, namely the RIII reflex, a polysynaptic spinal withdrawal reflex.
- the inventive device and the inventive method are for non-invasive monitoring of patients under Local anesthetics, mild sedation, deep sedation or under general anesthesia.
- FIG. 1 a first embodiment of the monitoring device
- FIG. 2 shows an example of the course of the salivary amylase value in FIG.
- FIG. 3 shows an individual course of the salivary amylase value in FIG.
- FIG. 4 shows an individual course of the salivary amylase value in FIG.
- Fig. 6 is a pain stimulus as a function of time
- Fig. 7 shows another example of the course of the salivary amylase value as a function of time during an operation
- FIG. 8 shows a further example of the course of the pain stimulus as well as the salivary amylase value as a function of time during an operation
- FIG. 9 is a detail of a course of the pain stimulus as well as the salivary amylase value as a function of time during an operation
- Fig. 1 another section of a course of
- FIG. 12 is a further detail of a course of the
- Salivary amyloid value as a function of time during surgery
- Salivary amylase value as well as the subjective pain intensity as a function of the temperature or the time of two different persons. Basically, the same parts are given the same reference numerals in the drawings. Ways to carry out the invention
- FIG. 1 shows a first exemplary embodiment of a device 1 for monitoring a sedated or anesthetized person 10 or a patient 10.
- the monitoring device 1 comprises a pain irritation generating device 7 and a patient
- the monitoring device 1 additionally comprises a driving device 4, which is connected to the pain-generating device 7 and the measuring device 2 in a signal-transmitting manner, for example via electrical lines.
- Monitoring device 1 also includes a
- Storage device 3 for individual personal data, a storage device 6 for further data accumulating during the monitoring, as well as an output device 5, which signal are transmitted to the driving device 4.
- the drive device 4 comprises, inter alia, a
- Signal processing unit 4a Signal processing unit 4a, a stimulus drive unit 4b, a decision unit 4c and a computer 4d.
- Output device 5 preferably comprises a screen 5b for outputting an output value A, an input device 5c, e.g. a keyboard, and preferably also a display device 5d for outputting an alarm value AI.
- an input device 5c e.g. a keyboard
- a display device 5d for outputting an alarm value AI.
- Pain stimulus generating device 7 comprises a heatable, preferably electrically heatable device 7b, in particular an electrical resistance, wherein the device or a heated Part of the device can be placed on the skin of the patient 10.
- the pain irritation generating device 7 is so
- Pain irritation generating device 7 advantageously comes directly into contact with the skin and rests against this. However, it may also prove advantageous, for example, from hygienic
- control device 4 for example an input device 11 or a motion sensor 9.
- the pain stimulus generating device 7 is used to the human 10 a defined and reproducible thermal stimulus that can be felt from a certain intensity as a pain stimulus to add.
- the present invention uses for
- thermal pain stimuli has proven to be particularly advantageous because the pain stimulus is easily reproducible.
- a thermal stimulation probe as disclosed in document W013168168A1, is suitable for the generation of thermal pain stimuli.
- Such a pain stimulus generating device is small and compact, and allows a controlled, reproducible thermo-stimulation, wherein the pain stimulus can be administered in a variety of possible courses as a function of time.
- the Pain irritation device as in the document
- W013168168A1 discloses, in addition, a Peltier element for
- Pain irritation generating device an electrically heatable resistor and preferably also a thermoelectric, designed as a Peltier element cooler.
- Pain stimulus generating device 7 allows, as a function of time, a precisely controlled, reproducible thermostimulation with a defined temperature curve as a function of time and with a temperature rise in the range of 0.5 ° C. to 2 ° C. per
- the pain-stimulus generating device 7 or the device 7b advantageously comprises a temperature sensor, in order that the of the
- Pain sensation generating device 7 detected temperature is detected, and thus the heating and, if necessary, the cooling, carried out such that the of the
- Pain stimulus generating device 7 output temperature predetermined by the drive device 4 setpoint or
- the pain irritation generating device is advantageously applied directly to the skin of a human, preferably always in the same place, for example at a point on the upper or lower arm, or on the leg.
- the salivary amylase value is via a measuring device 2
- Measuring device 2 measures the salivary amylase value S only once, or measures the salivary amylase value S (t) at discrete points in time, for example every 6 minutes, or for example also continuously or at short intervals, for example every 10 to 30 seconds.
- Figure 2 shows along the time axis t a temporal excerpt from a course of an operation, wherein the section shown represents the course from time T3 to time T3 + 60 minutes.
- the patient is in an analgosedation and the sedation depth becomes more classical along the time axis t
- FIG. 2 shows the monitoring of the movement B along the time axis t.
- a movement of the patient is detected at the time shown by Bi.
- B2 a further, more violent movement of the patient is detected.
- the supervising physician excludes from the movement that has occurred, that the patient feels pain, or that the sedation needs to be deepened, so that at the time M the doctor administers an analgesic, preferably a highly effective analgesic.
- FIG. 2 also shows in the vertical direction the salivary amylase value S (t) measured during the operation as a function of time, or the salivary amylase activity in kU / 1.
- the monitoring device 1 shown in FIG. 1 can be used, wherein in the course shown in FIG. 2 the pain generator 7 was not used and therefore was not used.
- the salivary amylase values S1, S2,... Si1 were measured every 6 minutes in the example shown. It can be seen from the progression of the salivary amylase values Sl. Si l as a function of time that the patient already has an increase in value at the measured value S3, from which it can be concluded that this is the case during the measurement
- Measured value S3 has felt a pain stimulus, with the pain stimulus continues to increase up to the measured value S7, which has the movements at time B 1 and B2 result. After the administration of the anemia M, it can be seen from the measurements S9, S10 and S1 that the pain was greatly reduced.
- FIG. 3 shows an individual course of the salivary amylase value S as a function of the temperature T of a temperature stimulus, wherein the temperature stimulus generates a pain stimulus R at higher temperatures.
- the temperature stimulus was with a
- Thermostimulation probe generated which was applied to the inner surface of the forearm on the skin.
- the connection between the Temperature T of the pain stimulus R and of the salivary amylase value S (T) resulting therefrom is shown in idealized form in FIG. 3 as a straight line. It has been found that there is a functional relationship between the temperature T and the salivary amylase value S, and that with increasing temperature T also the
- Salivary amylase value S increases. In order to exclude any damage to the skin, the temperature T is raised to a maximum of 52 ° C. Above this value there is a risk that the skin could be damaged due to the high temperature.
- FIG. 4 shows, in one example, the detection of an individual pain sensitivity of a patient.
- a thermal stimulator is attached to the forearm of a patient, for example, such that the stimulation surface of the thermostimulator rests against the inner surface of the forearm.
- the thermal stimulator can be applied anywhere on the patient, preferably on the forearm, on the foot or on a finger.
- the monitoring device 1 shown in FIG. 1 the temperature of the thermostimulator 7 is increased and, in addition, the saliva amylase value is measured with the measuring device 2.
- the lubricant sensitivity measurement shown in FIG. 4 the case of the lubricant sensitivity measurement shown in FIG. 4, the
- Thermostimulator 7 with a temperature of 25 ° C, the
- Temperature is increased at a rate of rise of, for example, 1 ° C per 2 seconds. Due to this relationship between temperature and time, both the temperature and the time are shown in FIG.
- the temperature T increases in Figure 4 increasingly, starting from a temperature of about 40 ° C of the
- Thermoreiz is increasingly painful, the patient stops the measurement by pressing the switch 1 1, in the illustrated embodiment at 48 ° C, because the patient now a
- the temperature at the demolition The measurement is called Riviax.
- the salivary amylase value increases with delay to the temperature, whereby the highest amylase value Siviax is measured with a time delay of Ats after the termination of the measurement.
- the time delay Ats is, for example, 2 minutes, and the highest amylase value SMax may occur in a time window Atz of, for example, ⁇ 2 minutes after the time delay ⁇ ts.
- we selected the time window such that the time window opens at an opening time t m m, wherein the opening time t m in is in a range of 10 seconds to 60 seconds after the occurrence of the value RMax or the irritation threshold R g .
- the time window is advantageously 4 to 5 minutes after the occurrence of the value RMax or
- the salivary amylase value is preferably measured within this time window to ensure that the measured salivary amylase value is one
- the value SMax and, in particular, the value RMax are person-specific individual values stored in the storage device 3 and express the pain sensitivity of a patient. Pain sensitive patients already experience a high level of pain at lower temperatures, whereas less sensitive patients only experience pain at higher temperatures.
- the value S ax can be generated with different temperature stimuli running as a function of time.
- the patient indicates by
- Activation of the switch 1 1 indicates that the temperature stimulus generates very slight pain, whereupon the temperature is increased again, eg by 2 ° C, so that a strong pain stimulus is generated. Thereafter, the temperature is preferably reduced active, for example with a Peltier element. The temperature is never raised above 52 ° C to exclude skin damage. The maximum amylase value SMax is then measured after a time delay of Ats, eg after 2 to 3 minutes. The value Swiax and the value Rwiax are then stored as person-specific, individual values, where RMax corresponds to the patient-triggered temperature value plus 2 ° C.
- Amylase value SMax becomes more accurate and reproducible.
- FIG. 5 shows the sequence before, during and after an operation as a function of time.
- an operation preparation 20 takes place, on the occasion of which the measurement shown in FIG. 4 is preferably carried out.
- the entire operative phase begins at time To and ends at time Ts, with a preoperative phase 21a taking place until time Ti during which the patient is prepared for surgery. This is followed by a sedation or narcosis phase until time T2.
- the pain sensitivity measurement shown in FIG. 4 can also take place during the preoperative phase 21a, in particular in FIG a short-term surgery, in front of which the patient is conscious and well responsive.
- the preoperative phase 21a there is another possibility in the preoperative phase 21a
- Compare pain sensitivity measurement It can be checked whether the patient has the same values, or whether the values have changed significantly, for example because of the psychological stress associated with the preparation of the operation. In such a case, during the
- the values determined during the preoperative phase 21a are used.
- the maximum stimulus value PMax is not determined individually, but a stimulus value RMax is set, for example a value of 48 ° C, the value always having to be below 52 ° C.
- Non-invasive monitoring of the sedated or anesthetized patient can be done in different ways during surgery. Some embodiments of noninvasive monitoring will now be described. At the latest at the beginning of the intervention 21c, but preferably already during the
- Pain stimulus generating device 7 a thermal stimulator, applied to the patient, so that the thermostimulus generating part resting on the skin.
- a suction part for sucking saliva, which forms part of the measuring device 2 is placed in the mouth of the patient, so that saliva sucked out of the mouth via a tube and a subsequently arranged sensor of the
- Measuring device 2 can be supplied, wherein the sensor of the measuring device 2 measures the salivary amylase or salivary Amylasekonzentration.
- the patient is also provided with the other equipment, probes, etc. required for an operation.
- the device 1 according to the invention only some saliva of the patient is necessary, as well as that on the patient on the skin
- FIG. 6 shows the pain stimulus or thermostimulus R (t) caused by the thermostimulator 7 on the patient as a function of time.
- the time axis shows a time course during the operation, namely from time T3 to time T3 + 60 minutes.
- the thermo-stimulator 7 generates a ramp-shaped temperature stimulus, starting at 33 ° C with a
- thermo-stimulus cycle including ascent and descent, ie from the temperature value of 33 ° C to the irritation threshold of 48 ° C and back to
- thermo-stimulus cycles RGI ... RGI I include also the irritation thresholds RGI, RG2, RG3, RG4 at regular intervals, or the thermostimulus cycles are in regular
- thermostimulus cycles are the same
- thermostimulus cycles Ri, R2, R3, R4 Preferably, during the entire duration of the operation 21c, that is to say from time T2 to time T4, the thermostimulus shown in FIG. 6 is exerted on the patient.
- the repetition rate is advantageously in the range between 5 minutes and 60 minutes.
- Figure 7 shows the salivary amylase value S (t) as a function of time during the operation, namely from time T3 to time T3 + 60 minutes. The patient is deeply anesthetized.
- Salivary amylase value S (t) is measured every 6 minutes, resulting in measurement points S30 .. S40. The measured
- Salivary amylase values are in the range of 0, which indicates that the patient does not respond at all to the thermostimulus cycles shown in FIG. 6 or the irritation thresholds RGI.RGI I, from which it can be concluded that the patient
- Figure 8 shows a salivary amylase value S (t) as a function of time at which the patient feels a pain.
- FIG. 8 shows the measured salivary amylase values S50. , S ⁇ O during the operation, namely from time T3 to time T3 + 60 minutes. The patient is analgosediert.
- thermostimulus cycles Ri, R2, R3, R 4 with irritation thresholds RG I. , RGS are shown. After one each
- Thermostimulus cycle is subsequently the corresponding, with respect to the thermostimuli or the stimulus threshold temporally delayed occurring salivary amylase S50. , S ⁇ O measured. Thermostimulus cycles are repeated every 6 minutes, and salivary amylase levels become approximately 1 to 3 minutes after
- thermostimuli or irritation thresholds RG I ⁇ ⁇ RGS Peak value of the respective thermostimuli or irritation thresholds RG I ⁇ ⁇ RGS measured.
- salivary amylase value S52 an increased value is measured, from which it can be concluded that the patient feels some pain.
- Thermostimulus cycle is always the same it can be concluded from that the patient became pain more sensitive, respectively, that the effect of the analgesic decreased.
- the device 1 according to the invention comprises a
- Output device for example, a screen 5b on which the saliva amylase value S (t) or a saliva amylase value dependent value is displayed.
- a value dependent on the salivary amylase value S (t) any value is to be given which gives the physician feedback about the condition of the patient, this value always based on the measured salivary amylase value S (t).
- Such a value dependent on salivary amylase value S (t) could, for example, also be an alarm signal such as a red flashing light, which is triggered when salivary amylase value S (t) exceeds a predefinable reference value SR, whereby alarm signal AI is displayed, for example, on a display 5d for alarm values can be.
- a physician can introduce the necessary measures on the basis of his specialist knowledge, for example administering an analgesic M2 or, for example, suspending the operation. Towards the end of the operation, a physician may also deliberately allow the increase in the salivary amylase value S (t) to occur
- FIG. 9 shows the thermostimulus shown in FIG.
- Thermostimulus cycle R3 with irritation threshold RG3 in detail.
- the salivary amylase value S (t) has been measured at discrete times every 6 minutes to determine the saliva amylase values S50... S ⁇ O ZU.
- FIG. 9 shows an example in which the
- Salivary amylase value measured at short intervals, for example, every 10 seconds, so not a single
- Salivary amylase value S5 2 in function of time is shown in detail. The time delay Ats between exercising the
- Irritation threshold RG3 and the occurrence of the maximum Salivary amylase value SMax is preferably from
- joke sensitivity measurement is known to be 1 to 3 minutes, with the highest salivary amylase value SMax in a time window of Atz of, for example, + 2 minutes after the
- Time delay Ats may occur.
- the maximum saliva amylase value SMa that has occurred in FIG. 9 lies in this time window, so that it can be concluded that the maximum
- Salivary amylase value SMax of the salivary amylase value curve S52 was caused by the thermostimulus or thermostimulus cycle R3 or by the irritation threshold RG3.
- the salivary amylase value denoted by S52 in FIG. 8 corresponds in FIG. 9 to the maximum saliva amylase value SMax.
- FIG. 10 shows the thermo-stimulus R3 with irritation threshold RG3 shown in FIG. 8 as well as two exemplary courses of FIG
- Salivary amylase values S x , S y in detail, in which example the salivary amylase values are measured at short intervals of time, for example every 10 seconds.
- the course of the salivary amylase value S x already exhibits a gradient before the thermo-stimulus R 3, or has the maximum value outside the time window of Atz, from which it can be concluded that this salivary amylase value course S x was not caused by the thermo-stimulus R 3.
- the course of the salivary amylase value S y has a slope only after a relatively long period of time after the thermo-stimulus R3, or has the maximum value outside the time window of Atz, from which it can be inferred that this salivary amylase gradient S y was not caused by the thermo-stimulus R 3 ,
- Such a situation arises during an operation, for example, that the patient by the surgical action a great pain is supplied. Such a situation can occur in particular during an analgosedation. Will be a high
- saliva amylase values are detected outside of the time window etch, then this too is displayed via the screen 5b or the alarm value display 5d in order to signal the physician to this state of emergency.
- the salinity ⁇ of the salivary amylase value S (t) may prove advantageous to monitor the salinity ⁇ of the salivary amylase value S (t), in particular in the case of sharply increasing amounts
- Salivary amylase S (t) For example, a maximum slope value ciMax could be specified as the reference value, a signal such as an alarm value being triggered when it is exceeded.
- a sharp increase in the salivary amylase value S (t) can be detected early, before it has reached the maximum value Swiax, so that a physician is informed very quickly about the strong pain caused to the patient.
- a physician can respond very quickly, for example by briefly interrupting the pain-causing action during surgery, gentler, or administering an additional analgesic.
- Figures 1 1 and 12 show thermo stimuli Ri .. R3 with
- Irritation threshold RGI .. RG3 Irritation threshold RGI .. RG3 and the corresponding
- Analgesic is dosed so that the patient on the
- Thermostimuli Ri .. Rs still reacts slightly, which means a slight but very tolerable pain.
- the same thermo-stimuli Ri .. R3 are also exerted in FIG. 12, the salivary amylase values S (t) S64, Ses, ee being higher Maximum value Swiax.
- the Thermostimuli Ri .. R3 thus cause higher pain, or the pain sensation of the patient is less attenuated, in particular
- thermostimuli Ri .. R3 shown in FIGS. 11 and 12 and the measured maximum values S MBX of the salivary amylase values S (t), it is possible for a physician to monitor, estimate and also increase the depth of analgesic sedimentation during the operation
- FIG. 13 shows a salivary amylase value S (t) as a function of time in the time period T3 to T3 + 60 minutes, whereby the analgesic sedation is temporarily conducted in such a way that certain pain acting on the patient is admitted.
- a larger increase of the salivary amylase value S (t) is detected, whereupon an analgesic N l is administered.
- the measuring points S73 and S74 stabilized, wherein at the measuring point S75 a further increase is detected, so that an analgesic N2 is administered.
- FIG. 13 thus shows an example of how sedation or else anesthesia can be performed during the operation with the device according to the invention or the method according to the invention. In particular, it is also possible to recognize an intraoperative alertness of a patient with pain perception and to respond appropriately.
- FIG. 14 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a device 1 for the noninvasive monitoring of a sedated or anesthetized patient, wherein the device 1, in contrast to the embodiment shown in FIG.
- Dosing device 8 for dispensing a drug. This allows, for example, a physician to select a drug and adjust a dose range such that the device 1 automatically doses the selected drug, depending on the salivary amylase value S (t) or a value derived therefrom, and depending on the constraints imposed by the physician.
- FIG. 15 shows the example already shown and described in FIG. 4 of a measurement of a person's individual pain sensitivity.
- Thermostimulator 7 is applied to the skin of the patient, e.g. on the forearm, and the temperature increases by 1 ° C per 2 seconds starting at 25 ° C until the person finds that the pain is unbearable, so that the temperature increase is stopped, in the example shown at 48 ° C.
- the person additionally evaluates the perceived pain stimulus subjectively, for example on a scale of 0 to 10. The person can do this with the free hand
- FIG. 15 shows, with the points P 1... Ps, the pain intensity subjectively perceived by a person during the course of the temperature increase on a scale from 0 to 10, wherein the person voluntarily terminates the measurement at the value PMax of 48 ° C.
- the increase in the salivary amylase values takes place, as already described in FIG. 4 a time delay Ats. From the two curves the point P (i) or Pi .. Ps and the salivary amylase S20 ⁇ S 8 can now be a relationship between a measured
- Pain severity P (i) can be determined. If, prior to an operation, this relationship between salivary amylase values S (t) and the subjectively perceived pain intensity P (i) is measured and stored, it is possible not only to represent the current salivary amylase value S (t) during the operation, but also the subjective pain intensity P (i) to calculate, to issue and to present.
- the device according to the invention or the method thus makes it possible to calculate and output the subjective pain intensity P (i) of a sedated or anesthetized patient. As a result, a physician stands during an intervention on the human body, e.g. an operation, information about the patient 's acute, individual pain perception
- FIG. 16 shows the example already shown and described in FIG. 4 of a measurement of a person's individual pain sensitivity.
- the curve of this first person is referred to as O i
- the maximum temperature stimulus as RiMax is referred to as O i
- RiMax the maximum temperature stimulus
- the second person O2 has a higher sensitivity to pain, which can be seen from the fact that the second person O2 has already interrupted the measurement at a lower maximum temperature stimulus R2Max, and that, as can be seen from the curve O2, the second person is at this Temperature stimulus R2Max has a higher SpeI lamy laser value than the first person, as can be seen from the curve O i.
- the method or the device according to the invention makes it possible to record these individual differences and also to take them into account during the monitoring of the sedated or anesthetized patient.
- the irritation threshold value RG of the pain stimulus R is preferably selected during the operation 21c and preferably also before and after it such that the irritation threshold value RG corresponds to the maximum temperature stimulus RMax of the corresponding patient.
- the two patients mentioned above would be the
- Irritation threshold RG thus RiMax or R2Max- This is a very simple way to determine the depth of sedation or anesthesia, as explained below. From the
- Pain sensitivity measurement is for the first patient
- Salivary Amylase Course Be, S 2, S63, S ⁇ 4, Ses See immediately be closed to the depth of sedation or anesthesia. Without sedation or anesthesia, the measured salivary amylase value would have to be Si Max. Due to sedation or the
- the irritation threshold RG can also be chosen to be lower than the maximum temperature stimulus RMax, for example as a percentage of the maximum
- Temperature stimuli RMax so that the irritation threshold RG, for example, 50%, or 80% or 90% of the maximum temperature coefficient RMax.
- thermo-stimuli or thermostimulus cycles Ri .. R3 were always regular
- thermostimuli or thermostimulus cycles are administered only during a temporal segment of the operation 21c. It is also possible to have the thermostimuli or the thermostimulus cycles act on the patient only during the sedation or anesthetic phase 21b in order to monitor the depth or the progress of the sedation or the anesthesia in this phase. It is also possible to vary the repetition rate of the thermostimuli or the thermostimulus cycles, for example, during a critical phase of an operation 21c, the sensation of pain or the depth of the sedation or the
- thermostimulus Anesthesia at shorter intervals to capture. It is also possible that the thermostimulus or the
- Thermostimuluszyklus only occasionally, for example, manually triggered by the doctor to at certain stages of an operation 21c the depth of sedation or anesthesia
- inventive method is also suitable for monitoring a local anesthetic, that is a local anesthesia, or a slight sedation.
- a local anesthetic that is a local anesthesia, or a slight sedation.
- this could be done by a dentist, with local anesthetics in the mouth, or, for example, with a local anesthetic of a limb, for example a leg, such that the thermostimulator is applied to the skin of the body part to be anesthetized, thermostimuli are delivered, and salivary amylase levels S (t) are measured.
- Salivary amylase values S (t) and / or the subjective pain intensity P (t) derived therefrom can be output and displayed, so that a doctor can recognize from which point onwards the partial anesthesia works and / or can detect whether the partial anesthesia is low enough, and / or can recognize whether the partial anesthesia nachläset.
- One advantage of such a procedure is that the
- Local anesthesia can be conducted and monitored individually, local anesthetics only as low as necessary, unnecessary pain can be avoided, and
- inventive method is particularly suitable for the treatment of emergency patients. In case of emergency operations must be performed.
- inventive method allows in such cases
- a data set characteristic for the patient is advantageously selected from an existing data collection, eg based on selection criteria such as gender, weight, age, physique, etc., for the monitoring of the sedated or anesthetized
- thermostimulus cycles Ri, R2, R3... are shown in FIGS. 6 and 8 to 12 by way of example as running symmetrically as a function of time, with the same and constant rise and fall rates. However, the thermostimulus cycles Ri, R2, R3 can also have other curves as a function of time in order to obtain a defined, predefined stimulus limit RGI, RG2, RG3...
- the thermostimulus cycles Ri, R2, R3 can also have other curves as a function of time in order to obtain a defined, predefined stimulus limit RGI, RG2, RG3...
- Waste rate of Thermostimuluszyklen Ri, R2, Ra after reaching the irritation thresholds RGI, RG2, RG3 also significantly flatter and in particular also be non-linear, especially when the pain-stimulus generating device 7 has no Peltier element.
- the invention uses an increase measured in response to a thermal pain stimulus R or the highest amylase value Siviax of the salivary amylase value S (t) of a sedated or anaesthetized human 10 measured by the thermal pain stimulus R for determining the sedation depth or the depth of anesthesia.
- the thermal pain stimulus R increases up to a stimulus threshold Rg and then drops again.
- Pain stimulus R is preferably a consequence of up to one
- Irritation threshold Rg increasing and then decreasing stimuli.
- Salivary amylase value S (t) registered within a time window of 10 seconds to 300 seconds after the irritation threshold Rg.
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Abstract
Description
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EP14160095 | 2014-03-14 | ||
PCT/EP2015/055439 WO2015136119A2 (de) | 2014-03-14 | 2015-03-16 | Vorrichtung und verfahren zur nichtinvasiven überwachung eines sedierten oder anästhesierten menschen |
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EP15741741.1A Withdrawn EP3116379A2 (de) | 2014-03-14 | 2015-03-16 | Vorrichtung und verfahren zur nichtinvasiven überwachung eines sedierten oder anästhesierten menschen |
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US (1) | US20170188941A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP3116379A2 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2015136119A2 (de) |
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KR102434420B1 (ko) * | 2016-09-16 | 2022-08-18 | 케니치 오사다 | 만성 통증 관련 질환 및 그로부터 감별을 요하는 질환의 진단 시스템 |
EP3730052A1 (de) * | 2019-04-23 | 2020-10-28 | Koninklijke Philips N.V. | Entfernter anstoss-/wärmeauslöseransatz zur beurteilung der sedierungstiefe |
EP3826281A1 (de) * | 2019-11-20 | 2021-05-26 | Koninklijke Philips N.V. | System und verfahren zum aufwachsen eines benutzers mit einem stimulus von variabler intensität |
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US20130041396A1 (en) * | 2011-07-18 | 2013-02-14 | Kenji Ryotokuji | Stimulus method for releasing stress, and stress-free medical treatment method by the stimulus method |
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NL9000983A (nl) * | 1990-04-24 | 1991-11-18 | Univ Nijmegen | Inrichting en werkwijze voor het bepalen van de invloed van anesthetica op mens of dier. |
SE0200054D0 (sv) * | 2001-06-26 | 2002-01-10 | Painmatcher Ab | Apparatus for providing an individually scaled level indication of a sensation |
US8083786B2 (en) * | 2003-05-22 | 2011-12-27 | Medoc Ltd. | Thermal stimulation probe and method |
WO2008028976A1 (en) * | 2006-09-08 | 2008-03-13 | Ull Meter A/S | Method of utilising measurements of threshold of pain |
US8512240B1 (en) * | 2007-11-14 | 2013-08-20 | Medasense Biometrics Ltd. | System and method for pain monitoring using a multidimensional analysis of physiological signals |
JP5224995B2 (ja) * | 2008-09-03 | 2013-07-03 | 国立大学法人 千葉大学 | 意識下鎮静法下の内視鏡的粘膜下層剥離術における鎮痛度評価方法および鎮痛管理方法、並びに鎮痛管理用装置 |
DE102009053256A1 (de) * | 2009-11-06 | 2011-05-19 | Baars, Jan H., Dr. med. | Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Analgesieniveaus eines sedierten oder narkotisierten Individuums |
FR2963732B1 (fr) * | 2010-08-12 | 2013-05-17 | Idmed | Procede de controle de stimuli appliques a un sujet animal ou humain |
US8944052B2 (en) * | 2011-05-26 | 2015-02-03 | Ivan Osorio | Apparatus and methods for delivery of therapeutic agents to mucous or serous membrane |
JP2015515906A (ja) | 2012-05-09 | 2015-06-04 | メドック リミテッド. | 改良された温度刺激プローブ及び方法 |
-
2015
- 2015-03-16 EP EP15741741.1A patent/EP3116379A2/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2015-03-16 US US15/125,062 patent/US20170188941A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2015-03-16 WO PCT/EP2015/055439 patent/WO2015136119A2/de active Application Filing
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US20130041396A1 (en) * | 2011-07-18 | 2013-02-14 | Kenji Ryotokuji | Stimulus method for releasing stress, and stress-free medical treatment method by the stimulus method |
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WO2015136119A2 (de) | 2015-09-17 |
US20170188941A1 (en) | 2017-07-06 |
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