EP3111156A1 - Lead-free cartridge component and cartridge comprising same - Google Patents
Lead-free cartridge component and cartridge comprising sameInfo
- Publication number
- EP3111156A1 EP3111156A1 EP15715785.0A EP15715785A EP3111156A1 EP 3111156 A1 EP3111156 A1 EP 3111156A1 EP 15715785 A EP15715785 A EP 15715785A EP 3111156 A1 EP3111156 A1 EP 3111156A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- grains
- alloy
- offensive
- cartridge
- projectiles
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 6
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910001245 Sb alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910001128 Sn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 5
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 241000272517 Anseriformes Species 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002140 antimony alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- GVFOJDIFWSDNOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony tin Chemical compound [Sn].[Sb] GVFOJDIFWSDNOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000272525 Anas platyrhynchos Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010027439 Metal poisoning Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000144992 flock Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005802 health problem Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000008127 lead poisoning Diseases 0.000 description 1
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100001231 less toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000011837 pasties Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002058 ternary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 tungsten and tin Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B7/00—Shotgun ammunition
- F42B7/02—Cartridges, i.e. cases with propellant charge and missile
- F42B7/04—Cartridges, i.e. cases with propellant charge and missile of pellet type
- F42B7/046—Pellets or shot therefor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
- F42B12/72—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material
- F42B12/74—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the core or solid body
Definitions
- the present invention belongs to the field of ammunition used in hunting or shooting weapons, and more particularly to that of cartridges whose offensive charge consists of multiple projectiles, shot type. Its object is an offensive charge consisting of multiple projectiles formed of grains mechanically bonded to each other by a wire, which does not contain lead. Another object of the invention is a cartridge for firing, incorporating such projectiles. A method of mass-producing these lead-free projectiles is also claimed.
- the goal is to stop and quickly kill the moving animal.
- shotgun shots are fired from multiple, unimposed projectiles to increase the chance of hitting, limiting the range to protect property and people in the direction of fire.
- Hunting and firing cartridges are known to consist of several components that perform different functions from one another.
- the shell of the cartridge generally cylindrical, contains a propellant charge (powder) at one end and an offensive charge (shot or sinkers), separated by a flock.
- the wad performs two distinct functions: it retains the gases produced by the explosion and it puts pressure on the shots by pushing them neatly out of the barrel of the weapon.
- a conventional hunting cartridge contains from 30 g to 35 g or 36 g of projectiles, called lead shots, ie 200 to 300 small diameter lead pellets, which is generally between 1 mm and 4 mm, in particular between 1, 25 mm and 4 mm. They are distinguished from much larger chevrotines, which designate cartridges with fewer than 28 projectiles ranging in diameter from 5.65 mm to 8.65 mm, and which are prohibited for hunting in most French departments.
- bismuth if it is not explicitly forbidden, it is to be banned since it is even more toxic than lead.
- an ammunition for hunting waterfowl ie a cartridge without lead in accordance with legislation applying to wetlands.
- Another object of the invention is to define a component for cartridges, namely a projectile devoid of lead and yet having properties comparable to those of conventional projectiles lead.
- the present invention responds to this need by proposing a multiple projectile for a firearm, and particularly for smooth-bore weapons, which perfectly meets these specifications.
- this objective is achieved through the choice of a very specific metal composition to manufacture the grains of the projectile, with a mechanical connection of several grains between them.
- Yet another object of the invention is to provide a method of mass production of such projectiles, which is economically acceptable.
- the crucial point for reproducing the performance of lead-based projectiles is not, as the prior art suggests, to seek to approach, by the alloy used, as much as possible of the density of lead, but rather to favor that the alloy has a hardness close to that of lead.
- the question of a difference in density can be regulated by the number of grains connected by the same wire, such a determination falling within the skill of the person skilled in the art. It has thus been found by the present inventor that the reproduction of the hardness of the lead conditions primarily obtaining alloy projectiles adapted to reproduce the performance of the projectiles lead.
- an offensive charge for the manufacture of a cartridge for firing with a firearm composed of multiple projectiles formed by grains formed of at least two substantially spherical grains connected together. by a metal wire of predetermined fixed length, the grains being based on tin, which has no known toxicity to the environment.
- tin being very malleable (or pasty), and hardness lower than lead, it can not be used alone. To obtain a hardness close to that of lead, it is possible to use an alloy of tin with another compound.
- the second component of the alloy of the grains will be chosen from among those which are not toxic and which are miscible with tin at least in certain proportions, which will be combined with tin to obtain an alloy assimilable to a soft metal, that is to say having a hardness equivalent to that of lead or a composition containing more than 80% of lead.
- the choice was antimony, to obtain small metal grains, non-toxic, of adequate hardness.
- the alloy of the grains is composed, for at least 99%, of tin and antimony. All proportions will be given below in mass content. According to an advantageous characteristic of the invention, the alloy of the grains preferably comprises from 90% to 98% of tin, and / or from 2% to 10% of antimony.
- compositions including about 5% antimony in about 95% tin are employed.
- the projectiles according to the invention advantageously have characteristics as interesting as the conventional projectiles of lead, in terms of hardness on the one hand, so that a crash of the projectile on a target releases a large amount of the energy that has provided by the explosive charge of the firing cartridge; and in terms of mass on the other hand, this last characteristic being ensured by the fact that, although the density of the alloy according to the invention is lower than that of lead, the grains are interconnected within the projectile.
- the density of tin is of the order of 7.3, that of antimony 6.7
- the density of this alloy meeting the above characteristics is of the order of 7.25 to 7 29.
- Such an alloy will also be much less heavy than the lead at the same volume.
- a method has been developed, which is part of the present invention, and allows the manufacture of bunches of small grains of a non-toxic alloy of tin and antimony, connected by a wire, also non-toxic .
- the invention thus relates to an offensive load for the manufacture of a cartridge for firing with a firearm, composed of multiple projectiles, which projectiles are formed of at least two substantially spherical grains interconnected by a wire of fixed predetermined length, said grains being made of an alloy comprising tin and antimony.
- the grains (or shot) are almost spherical, as are the conventional shot pellets.
- the bonding wire is also of a metallic nature. It is strong enough to withstand tensions or tersions during filling and packaging cartridges.
- the grains are gathered in clusters of two, three or four or more, using a wire.
- the number of impacts is reduced, but the kinetic properties are more powerful, so that the shot is more effective. It has been found that, for a two-grain bonded projectile, for example, there will be an effective firing distance doubled with respect to a load of unbound grains of the same alloy. If you fill a cartridge with balls made of a tin-antimony alloy such as recommended by the present invention, we will have a lower mass than with the same volume of lead pellets.
- the grains which preferably contain at least 99% tin and antimony, may also contain, for example at most 1% (by weight) of a component other than tin and antimony.
- the alloy of the grains may for example further comprise at most 1% of a third metal, excluding lead or other toxic metal, of course. This does not significantly modify the properties of the tin-antimony alloy.
- This embodiment has the main advantage of reducing raw material costs without affecting the desired qualities of the offensive load.
- the alloy of the grains is composed of 94.5% tin, 5% antimony and 0.5% copper.
- This ternary alloy offers an ideal compromise in terms of the kinetic properties of projectiles and costs.
- the length of the wire separating (and uniting) two adjacent grains is defined in advance during the manufacture of the bunches of grain.
- the grains are further associated with the wire so that the distance between them remains fixed after their manufacture, when they are put in cartridge and during firing.
- the mode of association can be physical (for example by pinching the wire in a notch made in the grain) but it will preferably be of a chemical nature (by fusion of the wire and the grain), as will be seen in detail below.
- the connecting wire between two grains is a brass wire, with a length of between 0.5 mm and 10 mm.
- Brass which is an alloy based on zinc and copper, is chosen from those which are devoid of lead.
- the brass connecting wire will contribute to the density of the projectile. It is flexible enough not to break under the effect of the acceleration when fired and robust enough to withstand the passage in known type of packaging machines.
- the length of the wire between two grains is such that the grains form a relatively compact projectile, and are close enough to avoid frond-like springback phenomena.
- the projectile preferably comprises two grains of diameter less than or equal to 4 mm bonded together. This conformation makes it possible to compensate for the relatively low density of tin.
- the assembly by two optimizes both the mechanical properties, kinetics and the number of impacts obtained from the firing of a cartridge.
- the projectiles as defined above are particularly suitable for hunting waterfowl, but also for any other type of game, where cartridges adapted to smooth-bore weapons are used. Therefore, is also an object of the present invention a cartridge for firing with a firearm, comprising a socket in which there is a propellant charge and an offensive charge separated by a wad, cartridge wherein said offensive charge is composed projectiles as described above.
- These cartridges can include indifferently a fat wad or a fluff skirt.
- a cartridge according to the invention preferably contains between 50 and 200 projectiles, formed of grains linked in pairs.
- projectiles comprising grains whose diameter is between 2.5 mm and 4 mm, for example 50 projectiles, in the form of 100 grains of 3.5 mm in diameter, linked in pairs.
- a conventional cartridge of 30 to 35 g or 36 g contains 200 to 300 toxic lead pellets, and a buckshot cartridge comprises on its side less than thirty, commonly 9, 12 or 15.
- Another object of the present invention is a method of manufacturing projectiles intended to constitute the offensive charge of a firing cartridge, said projectiles being formed of at least two substantially spherical grains connected to each other by a wire of fixed predetermined length. said grains being an alloy comprising tin and antimony.
- the method essentially comprises the steps of:
- a machine comprising i) a furnace provided with a reservoir adapted to contain said molten alloy, ii) a horizontal plate mounted on a central axis of rotation adapted to receive and to rotate a polymer matrix, and iii) means for bringing said alloy from the reservoir to a central upper orifice of said matrix,
- the furnace may be of known type, such as those which have already been used to manufacture insulated lead beads (for example fishing lead), but without implementing the matrix according to the invention.
- the casting step with centrifugation lasts a few tens of seconds, for example 20 seconds.
- the spherical cavities that are housed in the matrix have a diameter of less than 4 mm.
- the neighboring cavities between which are made notches are formed at a distance of between 0.5 mm and 10 mm from each other.
- the bonding wire is made of metal or metal alloy having a melting temperature greater than that of the alloy of tin and antimony, the latter being 290 ° C (against 450 ° C for lead). Brass melts at around 800 ° C. As a result, the brass wire will be embedded and frozen in the tin-antimony alloy during molding to form a predetermined fixed distance grain assembly.
- Figure 1 is a sectional view a fat-filled cartridge according to the invention.
- Fig. 2 is a sectional view of a skirt-filled cartridge according to the invention.
- Fig. 3 is a schematic representation of a machine for carrying out the method of manufacturing the projectiles, according to the invention.
- a cartridge for firing with a firearm comprising the sleeve 1 whose base 21 is here at the bottom.
- the sleeve 1 In the sleeve 1, there is a propellant charge 2 and an attacking charge 3, which are separated by a fat wad 4 and a shutter 44.
- the propellant charge 2 in the lower part of the cartridge (partially obscured by the cap), is classically powder.
- FIG. 2 Another cartridge according to the invention, shown in FIG. 2, is a cartridge with wadding 4 skirt.
- the skirt forms a bucket 41 whose base is curved and ends with a damping element 42.
- These two structures are of known type. They contain the offensive charge 3, i.e., multiple projectiles (as opposed to a bullet that is a single projectile).
- Each projectile 10 comprises at least two grains 5 connected by a wire 6.
- the grains 5 are beads 3.5 mm in diameter, consisting of an alloy of tin (94.5%), antimony (5%) and copper (0.5%) .
- the connecting wire 6 that unites them is brass (lead-free quality). It maintains the grains 6 two by two, separated by a fixed distance of 7.5 mm, which form the projectiles 10. An offensive charge may consist of 50 of these projectiles 10.
- the grains 5 are balls 2.5 mm in diameter, consisting of an alloy of tin (95%) and antimony (5%).
- the connecting wire 6 made of brass (unleaded) grits 6 three by three, separated by a fixed distance of 6 mm. One can realize an offensive charge comprising a hundred of these projectiles 10, or 300 grains.
- the projectiles can be manufactured as follows, with reference to FIG. 3.
- a machine comprising an oven 100 provided with a tank 1 10 adapted to contain the chosen alloy.
- the apparatus also comprises a horizontal plate (not shown) mounted on a central axis of rotation adapted to receive and rotate a polymer matrix.
- the matrix is in the form of two separable molds, one upper (not shown) and the other lower 1 1.
- a network of branched channels 13 is formed between the molds.
- the upper mold is provided with a central upper orifice which is placed in line with a nozzle fed by means designed to bring the molten alloy from the tank 1 10, and to deliver a quantity of alloy in the central upper orifice of the matrix.
- the branched channels 13 extend in a radial orientation from the center 12 of the molds and each terminating in a spherical cavity 14 with a predefined diameter of less than 4 mm.
- Notches 15 joining cavities 13 adjacent are practiced in one of the molds.
- the adjacent cavities 14 between which are cut notches 15 are placed at the desired distance from each other, between 0.5 mm and 10 mm.
- the tank 1 10 of the furnace 100 is filled with the compounds forming the desired alloy and is heated to reach the melting temperature of the alloy (ie 290 ° C for a 90% -5% tin-antmorin alloy).
- the lower mold 1 1 is placed on the tray of the apparatus. Brass wires 6 are installed so that they pass through several cavities 14, inserting them into the slots 15 to hold them in place.
- the die is closed by the upper mold and the tray is rotated.
- a quantity of alloy is poured through the central orifice of the matrix. We continue the rotation about twenty seconds. It is allowed to cool for a few minutes before removing the upper mold and then recovering bundles of grain bound by a wire.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1451556A FR3017942B1 (en) | 2014-02-26 | 2014-02-26 | UNLEADED CARTRIDGE COMPONENT AND CARTRIDGE COMPRISING THE SAME |
PCT/FR2015/050457 WO2015128585A1 (en) | 2014-02-26 | 2015-02-26 | Lead-free cartridge component and cartridge comprising same |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3111156A1 true EP3111156A1 (en) | 2017-01-04 |
EP3111156B1 EP3111156B1 (en) | 2019-01-30 |
Family
ID=51205501
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP15715785.0A Active EP3111156B1 (en) | 2014-02-26 | 2015-02-26 | Cartridge ammunition comprising multiple lead-free projectiles interconnected by a metallic line |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20170010079A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3111156B1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2945685C (en) |
FR (1) | FR3017942B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2015128585A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR3083599B1 (en) * | 2018-07-05 | 2020-08-14 | Shoot Hunting Outdoor | BIODEGRADABLE BUCKET HOLDER FOR RIFLE CARTRIDGE |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3085510A (en) * | 1960-08-11 | 1963-04-16 | John K Campbell | Pattern control for buckshot charges |
US4664034A (en) * | 1985-04-23 | 1987-05-12 | Christian Dale W | Fettered shot |
US5279787A (en) * | 1992-04-29 | 1994-01-18 | Oltrogge Victor C | High density projectile and method of making same from a mixture of low density and high density metal powders |
NL9302056A (en) * | 1993-11-26 | 1995-06-16 | Billiton Witmetaal | Bullet and the use of an Sn alloy therefor. |
US5513689A (en) * | 1995-02-14 | 1996-05-07 | Bismuth Cartridge, L.L.C. | Method of manufacturing bismuth shot |
US5632322A (en) * | 1995-07-31 | 1997-05-27 | Trickel; Jerry E. | Die casting apparatus for casting small parts from materials that expand when transitioning from the liquid to the solid state |
-
2014
- 2014-02-26 FR FR1451556A patent/FR3017942B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2015
- 2015-02-26 CA CA2945685A patent/CA2945685C/en active Active
- 2015-02-26 WO PCT/FR2015/050457 patent/WO2015128585A1/en active Application Filing
- 2015-02-26 US US15/121,209 patent/US20170010079A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2015-02-26 EP EP15715785.0A patent/EP3111156B1/en active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2945685A1 (en) | 2015-09-03 |
US20170010079A1 (en) | 2017-01-12 |
FR3017942B1 (en) | 2016-09-30 |
FR3017942A1 (en) | 2015-08-28 |
WO2015128585A1 (en) | 2015-09-03 |
CA2945685C (en) | 2022-04-19 |
EP3111156B1 (en) | 2019-01-30 |
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