EP3111151B1 - Verfahren zum betrieb eines trommelofens für hydraulisches bindemittel - Google Patents

Verfahren zum betrieb eines trommelofens für hydraulisches bindemittel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3111151B1
EP3111151B1 EP15707329.7A EP15707329A EP3111151B1 EP 3111151 B1 EP3111151 B1 EP 3111151B1 EP 15707329 A EP15707329 A EP 15707329A EP 3111151 B1 EP3111151 B1 EP 3111151B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
furnace
fluid
injection
oxidizer
oxygen
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EP15707329.7A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3111151A1 (de
Inventor
Alex GRASSI
Dirk HOELSCHER
Bertrand Leroux
Jacques Mulon
Xavier Paubel
Rémi Tsiava
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Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Original Assignee
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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Priority to PL15707329T priority Critical patent/PL3111151T3/pl
Publication of EP3111151A1 publication Critical patent/EP3111151A1/de
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B7/00—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
    • F27B7/20—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to rotary-drum furnaces
    • F27B7/36—Arrangements of air or gas supply devices
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B7/00—Hydraulic cements
    • C04B7/36—Manufacture of hydraulic cements in general
    • C04B7/43—Heat treatment, e.g. precalcining, burning, melting; Cooling
    • C04B7/44—Burning; Melting
    • C04B7/4407—Treatment or selection of the fuel therefor, e.g. use of hazardous waste as secondary fuel ; Use of particular energy sources, e.g. waste hot gases from other processes
    • C04B7/4438—Treatment or selection of the fuel therefor, e.g. use of hazardous waste as secondary fuel ; Use of particular energy sources, e.g. waste hot gases from other processes the fuel being introduced directly into the rotary kiln
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2/00—Lime, magnesia or dolomite
    • C04B2/10—Preheating, burning calcining or cooling
    • C04B2/108—Treatment or selection of the fuel therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B7/00—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
    • F27B7/10—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined internally heated, e.g. by means of passages in the wall
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B7/00—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
    • F27B2007/005—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined for the treatment of slurries or wet materials

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to rotary furnaces for the production of hydraulic binders such as cement and lime.
  • Such rotary furnaces have a generally substantially cylindrical shape, the length of the cylinder being much greater than its width.
  • the furnace rotates around a rotation axis which is inclined with respect to the horizontal and corresponds to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder.
  • the material to be pyroprocessed in the furnace travels downwards through the furnace under the effect of gravity.
  • the furnace comprises a burner assembly at its lower end for the combustion of main fuel with combustion oxidizer so as to generate the heat necessary for pyroprocessing.
  • the flame generated by the burner assembly is directed substantially along the longitudinal direction of the furnace.
  • the flue gases generated in the furnace are evacuated from the furnace at its upper end.
  • the pyroprocessed material such as lime or clinker, is transferred from the furnace to an air-cooled material cooler.
  • the burner assembly injects the main fuel and primary combustion oxidizer into the furnace so as to generate partial combustion of the main fuel with the primary combustion oxidizer.
  • Hot air from the material cooler is fed to the furnace to provide secondary combustion oxidizer for the substantially complete combustion of said main fuel.
  • Such deposits (which typically comprise non-pyroprocessed and/or partially or completely pyroprocessed material, ash and dust) can drastically limit the production capacity of the furnace and disable its stable operation.
  • GB2104636 discloses a rotary kiln and method of using such a kiln. Various methods have been proposed to limit ring formation and to remove those rings that have formed during furnace operation.
  • Another curative solution consists in shooting out the ring by an industrial gun firing through the kiln hood, if the ring is not formed too far back from the kiln outlet.
  • An alternative solution to mechanically break-up such deposits is to fire CO 2 charges through the shell of the kiln at locations where ring formation occurs, provided ports are available thereto (see US-A-2301855 ).
  • US-A-3220714 describes a further process for mechanically removing a material ring from a rotary kiln by cyclically applying vibratory mechanical energy to cause cracks in the ring and thereby to reduce the structural rigidity of ring.
  • FR-A-2837916 proposes to change the flame length and the hot spot location by means of varying the oxidizer flow partition between two branched-off oxidizer injectors of a burner. Also described is an automatic flame-length control as a function of process needs such as the need to limit blockages. Associated with this method is a burner device consisting essentially of three concentric tubes with a fuel channel located between two oxidizer channels.
  • FR-A-2837918 The practical implementation of the method as described in FR-A-2837918 is not suitable for pyro-processing in a rotary kiln as described above. Indeed, it is practically not possible to use the burner device described in FR-A-2837916 to use hot air from the material cooler, which typically has a temperature around 1100°C, to inject primary oxidizer and secondary oxidizer into the rotary kiln by branching off the secondary oxidizer from a common primary and secondary oxidizer supply line, as is the case according to FR-A-2837918 , and to substantially vary the flow ratio between the two, which requires a suitable mechanical control device such as a valve and would entail a significant additional pressure drop which would have to be overcome by the exhaust fan, thereby reducing the profitability of the process.
  • a suitable mechanical control device such as a valve and would entail a significant additional pressure drop which would have to be overcome by the exhaust fan, thereby reducing the profitability of the process.
  • the present invention proposes a method of operating a rotary furnace as part of a process for the production of a hydraulic binder.
  • the furnace has a substantially cylindrical shape with a longitudinal axis which is inclined with respect to the horizontal and around which the furnace rotates.
  • the furnace has an upper end, a lower end and a substantially cylindrical wall.
  • the furnace has a length which is substantially greater than its width.
  • the length of the furnace is typically at least 9 times the diameter of the furnace, and preferably from 9 to 40 times the diameter of the furnace.
  • the material to be pyroprocessed is fed to the furnace at its upper end, travels downwards through the furnace under the effect of gravity and of the rotation of the furnace and leaves the furnace at its lower end as pyroprocessed material.
  • the material is pyroprocessed by heat generated by combustion of a main fuel.
  • the hot pyroprocessed material is transferred from the furnace to an air-cooled material cooler in which the hot pyroprocessed material is cooled by a flow of cooling air, thereby producing cooled pyroprocessed material and hot air.
  • the furnace comprises a burner assembly at its lower end for injecting the main fuel and a primary combustion oxidizer into the furnace so as to generate partial combustion of the main fuel with said primary combustion oxidizer, so that the combustion products of the main fuel and the primary oxidizer still contain combustible matter.
  • the primary oxidizer is supplemented with hot air from the material cooler which is fed to the furnace at its lower end as secondary oxidizer.
  • the primary and secondary oxidizer provide substantially complete combustion of the main fuel.
  • the flame generated by combustion of the main fuel with the primary and secondary oxidizer is directed substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the furnace.
  • the flue gas is evacuated from the furnace at its upper end.
  • the longitudinal temperature profile within the furnace is varied during furnace operation by means of injection of at least one fluid other than the main fuel, the primary oxidizer and the secondary oxidizer into the furnace, said variation of the longitudinal temperature profile being achieved by continuously or discontinuously varying at least one injection parameter of said fluid into the furnace.
  • rotary furnace or, in short “furnace” or, in short “kiln” are synonymous and all refer to a rotary furnace of the type described herein.
  • furnace operation refers to a process with uninterrupted pyroprocessing in the furnace, i.e. with continuous introduction into the furnace of material to be pyroprocessed and with continuous combustion of the main fuel in the furnace.
  • fuel refers to the "main fuel”.
  • the "longitudinal temperature profile" within the furnace is reflected in a number of ways. It can notably be determined as the longitudinal temperature profile of the material travelling through the furnace, the longitudinal temperature profile of the cylindrical furnace wall or shell and the longitudinal temperature profile of the gaseous atmosphere inside the furnace. Indeed, the three are intrinsically linked.
  • injection parameters of the injection of a fluid refer to any injection parameter, the variation of which can lead to a corresponding variation of the longitudinal temperature profile in the furnace.
  • injection parameters include: the point of injection, the velocity of injection, the volumetric or mass flow rate of injection, the temperature of injection and the direction of injection.
  • the parameter is varied, i.e. changed, without interruption (incessantly).
  • discontinuous variation the parameter is varied or changed at certain moments in time, but remains constant at other moments in time.
  • An example of continuous variation is a sinusoidal variation.
  • An example of a discontinuous variation is a stepwise variation.
  • the fluid is injected with a continuously or discontinuously varying injection velocity so as to vary the longitudinal temperature profile in the furnace.
  • the fluid is injected with a continuously or discontinuously varying injection direction.
  • the injection direction of the fluid can be varied between at least two of the following injection directions:
  • Another possibility is to vary the longitudinal temperature profile in the furnace by injecting the fluid from one or more continuously or discontinuously varying points of injection.
  • the fluid can be injected with a continuously or discontinuously varying injection flow rate.
  • the fluid can be injected intermittently, i.e. to alternate periods with fluid injection into the furnace and periods without fluid injection into the furnace.
  • the fluid can be injected continuously, but with varying (non-zero) flow rates.
  • a further possibility is to vary the longitudinal temperature profile in the furnace by injecting the fluid with a continuously or discontinuously varying temperature of the fluid.
  • the parameter variation may be periodic or non-periodic.
  • a "periodic” variation is a variation whereby the parameter changes occur or are repeated at fixed time intervals, but whereby the successive parameter changes may be identical or different.
  • the successive parameter changes do not occur at fixed time intervals, but are, for example, instigated in response to a change in the pyroprocessing process (pressure drop over the furnace, degree of pyroprocessing or quality of the pyroprocessed material, temperature of the cylindrical wall, etc.) detected by a furnace operator or by a control system.
  • a "cyclic" variation is a variation in the form of recurring successive cycles of the parameter, the parameter changes being identical for each cycle.
  • One may, for example, vary the injection momentum of the fluid injection at each of said injection locations. It can notably be useful to inject the fluid at injection locations operated at different variable injection momentums.
  • the fluid can be injected by means of one or more lances located at the lower end of the furnace.
  • the fluid may in that case be injected into the furnace separately from the burner or through the burner assembly.
  • the fluid may be injected into the furnace by means of one or more fluid lances installed in through passages of the burner assembly.
  • the fluid which is injected into the furnace in order to vary the longitudinal temperature profile can be a gas.
  • the fluid advantageously contains a gas selected from the group comprising: oxygen, air, CO 2 , steam and recycled flue gas, or mixtures thereof, preferably oxygen or oxygen-enriched air.
  • the fluid can also be a liquid, such as a liquid comprising liquefied oxygen, liquefied air, liquefied CO 2 , water or mixtures of at least two of said liquids, preferably liquefied oxygen or liquefied oxygen-enriched air.
  • oxygen refers to industrial oxygen, i.e. a fluid containing 80%vol to 100%vol O 2 , preferably at least 90%vol O 2 and more preferably at least 95%vol O 2 .
  • the fluid which is injected into the furnace is or comprises an auxiliary fuel which is injected into the furnace by means of an auxiliary burner located at the lower end of the furnace.
  • the longitudinal temperature profile is varied not only by the mere injection of said auxiliary fuel, but also by the combustion of said auxiliary fuel in the furnace and the heat and combustion products generated by said combustion.
  • the auxiliary burner also injects an auxiliary combustion oxidizer for burning the auxiliary fuel in the furnace.
  • the auxiliary fuel burns in the furnace with a remainder of the primary and/or secondary oxidizer not consumed by the combustion of the main fuel.
  • the auxiliary burner may be separated from or part of the burner assembly.
  • the auxiliary burner is a separate burner, it may be mounted separately from the burner assembly or in a through passage of the burner assembly.
  • auxiliary burners are those capable of varying the fuel injection momentum / the flame momentum.
  • a good example of such a variable flame momentum burner is the burner described in FR-A-2837916 .
  • the injection parameter is varied in function of the temperature of the cylindrical wall detected at a given location along the length of the rotary furnace.
  • the injection parameter is advantageously varied when the detected temperature of the cylindrical wall is below a predetermined threshold value indicative of ring formation and/or of a certain thickness of said ring, or when the detected temperature of the cylindrical wall decreases by between 10°C and 100°C, more probably by between 10°C and 50°C in the absence of other changes in the process parameters (type of fuel, type of material to be pyroprocessed, furnace material throughput, etc.) which would give rise to such a temperature change of the cylindrical furnace wall.
  • the injection parameter can be varied in function of the pressure drop over the rotary furnace, which, as mentioned earlier, is an indication of (the level of) ring formation in the furnace.
  • the injection parameter is advantageously varied when the pressure drop over the rotary furnace is higher than a predetermined threshold value.
  • the hydraulic binder can be cement or lime.
  • the present invention also relates to the use of any one of the above embodiments of the method according to the invention for reducing local material build-up on the cylindrical furnace wall during furnace operation.
  • the present invention further relates to the use of any one of the embodiments of the method according to the invention for physically destabilizing local material build-up on the cylindrical furnace wall during furnace operation.
  • the final conversion of meal into cement clinker which is usually performed in a rotary cement furnace, is a sintering reaction between the principle reactants lime (CaO) and dicalcium silicate (C2S) remaining solids.
  • This solid to solid conversion is greatly enhanced by the presence of 20 to 30% liquid phase formed from the calcium alumina ferrite (C3AF) and tricalcium aluminate (C3A) phases plus the alkalis, sulfates and magnesia.
  • These rings are associated with (re)circulation in the furnace atmosphere of dust particles, in particular fuel ash and material dust such as clinker dust, for example entrained with the secondary combustion air from the cooler.
  • dust particles in particular fuel ash and material dust such as clinker dust, for example entrained with the secondary combustion air from the cooler.
  • material dust such as clinker dust
  • the dust particles melt and are carried up the kiln where they stiffen again and stick to the furnace wall, forming generally elongated rings.
  • These rings can usually be destroyed mechanically by firing a gun, but this requires significant furnace downtime and can damage refractory lining.
  • the longitudinal temperature profile within the furnace is varied during furnace operation resulting in a corresponding variation of the longitudinal heat transfer profile and/or material composition profile along the rotary furnace.
  • the longitudinal temperature profile is varied during furnace operation by injecting at least one fluid other than the main fuel, the primary oxidizer and the secondary oxidizer under continuously or discontinuously varying injection parameters.
  • the fluid can be gaseous or liquid. It can comprise or consist of a further or auxiliary oxidizer, a further or auxiliary fuel, a combination of auxiliary fuel and auxiliary oxidizer, combustion gases generated by the combustion of an auxiliary fuel, steam, CO 2 , oxygen, recycled combustion gases, etc.
  • at least one injection parameter of said oxygen injection such as velocity and/or flow rate and/or temperature, is varied to a sufficient degree so as to generate a corresponding variation in the longitudinal temperature profile of the furnace.
  • the furnace operator selects the fluid and the injection parameters of the fluid, including, but not only the injection parameter(s) which is (are) varied in accordance with the invention, so as to maximize the impact of the parameter variation on the longitudinal temperature profile of the furnace, but without appreciable negative impact on the furnace output, on the product quality or on the profitability of the process.
  • the selection of the momentum with which the fluid is injected is generally particularly relevant in this respect.
  • the injection momentum of the fluid is advantageously selected at between 5% and 50 % of the global momentum of the furnace, preferably between 10% and 30%. This is in particular the case when the fluid is oxygen.
  • the temperature of the material and furnace atmosphere and their composition stabilize or remain at a combination likely to promote ring formation.
  • Figure 1 illustrates the impact over time of a continuous non-periodic and non-cyclic variation of the injection momentum of a fluid jet consisting of oxygen on the temperature of the furnace wall/of the material in the furnace at a given longitudinal position of the furnace.
  • the present invention substantially limits ring growth at specific locations in the rotary furnace by shifting the occurrence of conditions which promote ring growth along the length of the rotary furnace. This is illustrated in Figure 2 .
  • the momentum of oxygen injection into the furnace is changed so as to change the global momentum from level M1 to level M2, thereby modifying the material and atmosphere temperature and composition in zone X1 to halt ring growth in said zone and preferably before stabilization of said ring.
  • the conditions suitable for ring formation have now moved to a new location X2 along the rotary furnace.
  • the momentum of oxygen injection is again adjusted, for example so as to return to the initial global momentum level M1.
  • furnace operation alternating between operation at global momentum level M1 and global momentum level M2, the variation of the oxygen injection parameter is discontinuous.
  • the variations of oxygen injection momentum take place at fixed time intervals, the variation is periodic.
  • the present invention furthermore makes it possible to destabilize and decrease or destroy rings that have formed in the furnace at a previous stage in the process.
  • Figure 1 illustrates the impact over time of a continuous non-periodic and non-cyclic variation of the injection momentum of a fluid jet consisting of oxygen on the temperature of the furnace wall/of the material in the furnace at two distinct longitudinal positions of the furnace. As shown in Figure 1 , the momentum of the oxygen jet was varied sufficiently so as to change the temperature at the two longitudinal positions (and consequently of the longitudinal temperature profile in the furnace).
  • Rotary furnace or kiln 10 presents an inclined longitudinal axis around which it rotates.
  • Material to be pyroprocessed such as uncalcined or partially calcined meal is introduced into rotary furnace 10 via kiln inlet 11 located at the upper end of furnace 10.
  • the material travels through rotating furnace 10 under the effect of gravity and cylindrical wall rotation and is pyroprocessed by the heat generated by combustion of the main fuel(s) 31 inside furnace 10. It is indeed common practice to use the cheapest possible appropriate fuel or fuel combination for mineral pyroprocessing in order to keep production costs low.
  • the fumes or flue gases 51 generated in the furnace are evacuated at the upper end of furnace 10 via exhaust duct 50.
  • a precalciner (not illustrated) is present upstream of the rotary furnace (in the flow direction of the material)
  • at least part of the flue gases may be directed towards said precalciner via said exhaust duct 50.
  • the pyroprocessed mineral material is transferred from furnace 10 to material cooler 20.
  • cooler 20 the pyroprocessed material is cooled by means of cooling air 21.
  • a main burner or burner assembly 30 is provided in the kiln hood 12 at the lower end of furnace 10.
  • This main burner 30 is typically designed so as to permit the efficient combustion of a range of fuels, including alternative and low-calorific-value fuels 31.
  • main burner 30 In addition to the main fuel(s) 31, main burner 30 also injects primary combustion oxidizer 32, typically primary combustion air, into the furnace so as to generate partial burning of the main fuel(s) 31 with the primary oxidizer 32. Combustion of the main fuel(s) 31 is thereafter completed by further combustion with secondary combustion oxidizer 22. Hot air 22 from cooler 20 is used as secondary combustion oxidizer and is injected into furnace 10 at the lower end of furnace 10 separately from main burner 30.
  • primary combustion oxidizer 32 typically primary combustion air
  • a further portion 23 of the hot air from cooler 20 is used as tertiary air and transported from kiln hood 12 to a calciner (not shown) via tertiary air duct 40.
  • a fluid injection device 60 is installed within burner assembly 30 (for example in channels 33 and/or 34 in Figure 7 ).
  • the burner assembly illustrated in Figure 7 is adapted for burning two types of main fuel.
  • a first 'primary' main fuel is injected through annual primary-fuel injection passage 311.
  • the primary combustion air is divided in two air flows.
  • a first axial primary-air flow is injected into the furnace via annular axial air passage 321 surrounding primary-fuel injection passage 311.
  • a second radial primary-air flow is injected via annular radial air passage 322 located adjacent and within primary-fuel injection passage 311.
  • the burner assembly further comprises a core element inside air passage 322. Multiple through passages or channels are provided in said core element, and more particularly, primary fuel passage 312 for the injection of primary fuel into the rotary furnace and the above-mentioned two additional channels 33 and 34.
  • the injection parameters of the primary air are fixed in function of the nature and the flow rates of the primary fuel(s).
  • the fluid injection device 60 is mounted separately from burner assembly 30. Injection device 60 is shown mounted below burner assembly 30, but may also be mounted above or to the side of burner assembly 30, provided this does not interfere with the good functioning of the furnace.
  • injection device 60 is used to inject a fluid, referred to as additional fluid, other than main fuel(s) 31, primary oxidizer 32 and secondary oxidizer 22, into the furnace.
  • Injection device 60 is more specifically used to inject the additional fluid 61 into the furnace and to vary at least one injection parameter of the additional fluid during furnace operation so as thereby to achieve a change in the longitudinal temperature profile in the furnace while maintaining adequate productivity and pyroprocessed product quality.
  • One way of implementing the present invention is to vary the injection velocity or momentum of the additional fluid 61, and thereby to vary the longitudinal temperature profile in the furnace.
  • FIG. 6 An example of such a lance is illustrated in Figure 6 .
  • the illustrated lance has a longitudinal axis 600, an inner supply pipe 68, which terminates in inner injection nozzle 66 and an outer supply pipe 67 which terminates in outer injection nozzle 65.
  • Inner injection nozzle 66 defines inner injection opening 63 and the space between inner injection nozzle 66 and outer injection nozzle 65 defines outer injection opening 64.
  • Such a lance 60 makes it possible to vary the oxygen injection velocity and injection momentum even at constant oxygen mass flow rates through lance 60, by switching the oxygen injection between (a) oxygen injection substantially through one of injection opening 63 and 64 only and (b) oxygen injection through both the inner and the outer openings 63, 64.
  • Lance 60 may thus be used for the discontinuous stepwise variation of the oxygen injection velocity or momentum by switching lance operation between a first and second phase during furnace operation.
  • first phase the oxygen is fed to both injection openings 63 and 64 to provide a low oxygen injection velocity
  • inner nozzle 66 is fed with most of the oxygen (for example 90%) to inject a higher velocity or momentum oxygen jet into the furnace.
  • the remaining 10% of the oxygen flow is injected through outer opening 64 to ensure cooling of the outside of the lance and prevent thermal damage thereof.
  • the flow cross section area of inner injection opening 63 differs substantially from the flow cross section area of outer injection opening 64, further variations in the oxygen injection velocity and momentum can be realized at the same oxygen injection mass flow rate. It is naturally also possible to vary the oxygen injection velocity or momentum by varying the oxygen mass flow rate through the lance and combine a variation of fluid flow rate with a variation of injection velocity.
  • additional-fluid injection devices 60 for use in accordance with the present invention.
  • several injection devices 60 may be installed, each with their own point of injection and/or injection direction into the furnace.
  • the longitudinal temperature profile of the furnace may be varied during furnace operation by varying the additional fluid flow through the different injection devices.
  • variable-momentum lances as described above, each capable of injecting oxygen at low and high momentum at constant oxygen mass flow rate.
  • the furnace When the furnace is equipped with two such lances, for example one in channel 33 and one in channel 34 of the burner assembly shown in Figure 7 or two lances at different positions around burner assembly 30 in Figure 5 or at different locations in the rotary furnace, and to operate, during a first phase, one of said lances to inject oxygen at high momentum, the other to inject oxygen at low momentum, and thereafter to switch to a second phase in which the first of said two lances injects oxygen at low momentum and the second of the two lances injects oxygen at high momentum.
  • an oxygen lance of the pipe-in-pipe type shown in figure 6 was installed in passage 34 in the central core element of burner 30 (as shown in figure 7 ).
  • a solenoid valve (not shown) at the inlet end of said oxygen lance controlled the distribution of the oxygen injected respectively through inner injection opening 63 and outer injection opening 64.
  • oxygen was injected into the kiln at constant flow rate of 600 Nm 3 /h, but with cyclic variations of the oxygen injection velocity.
  • the cyclic variation consisted of two phases.
  • the solenoid valve was closed and all of the oxygen, except for a minor sweeping fraction, was injected through the inner injection opening 63 at a first injection velocity in the range of 120 m/s to 140 m/s, preferably at 120m/s.
  • the sweeping oxygen fraction was injected through the outer injection opening 64.
  • Said sweeping oxygen fraction was obtained from the oxygen supply line by bypassing the solenoid valve and was limited to the amount of oxygen required to maintain the outer injection nozzle 65 at a sufficiently low temperature to avoid thermal damage thereof and to prevent particle-laden gases from the kiln atmosphere to travel up said outer nozzle 65 during the first phase.
  • the solenoid valve was open and the oxygen was distributed over and injected through the inner injection opening 63 and the outer injection opening 64, resulting in a lower oxygen injection velocity between 60 m/s and 90 m/s, preferably of 60 m/s.
  • the temperature of the kiln shell was on average 200°C higher than during prior-art kiln operation.

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Claims (15)

  1. Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Trommelofens (10) zum Herstellen eines hydraulischen Bindemittels, wobei:
    • der Ofen (10) eine im Wesentlichen zylindrische Form mit einer Längsachse, die bezüglich der Horizontale geneigt ist, ein oberes Ende (11), ein unteres Ende und eine im Wesentlichen zylindrische Wand aufweist, wobei die Länge des Ofens (10) mindestens das 9-Fache des Durchmessers des Ofens (10) und bevorzugt das 9- bis 40-Fache des Durchmessers des Ofens beträgt,
    • sich der Ofen (10) um die Längsachse dreht,
    • Material, das nach der Pyroprozesstechnik verarbeitet werden soll, in den Ofen an seinem oberen Ende (11) eingeführt wird, sich nach unten durch den Ofen (10) unter der Wirkung von Schwerkraft bewegt, in dem Ofen (10) nach der Pyroprozesstechnik durch Wärme verarbeitet wird, welche durch Verbrennung eines Hauptbrennstoffs (31, 311, 312) in dem Ofen (10) generiert wird und den Ofen an seinem unteren Ende als ein nach der Pyroprozesstechnik verarbeitetes Material verlässt,
    • das nach der Pyroprozesstechnik verarbeitete Material von dem Ofen (10) an einen luftgekühlten Materialkühler (20) übertragen wird, um ein gekühltes, nach der Pyroprozesstechnik verarbeitetes Material und warme Luft (22) zu erzeugen,
    • der Ofen (10) an seinem unteren Ende eine Brennerbaugruppe (30) zum Einspritzen des Hauptbrennstoffs (31, 311, 312) und eines primären Verbrennungssauerstoffträgers (32) in den Ofen (10) umfasst, um eine Teilverbrennung des Hauptbrennstoffs (31, 311, 312) mit dem primären Verbrennungssauerstoffträger zu generieren,
    • warme Luft (22) von dem Materialkühler (20) an den Ofen (10) an seinem unteren Ende als sekundärer Sauerstoffträger eingeführt wird, um eine im Wesentlichen vollständige Verbrennung des Hauptbrennstoffs (31, 311, 312) bereitzustellen,
    • die durch die Verbrennung des Hauptbrennstoffs (31, 311, 312) mit dem primären (32) und sekundären (22) Sauerstoffträger generierte Flamme im Wesentlichen parallel zu der Längsachse des Ofens (10) gerichtet wird,
    • Rauchgas (51) aus dem Ofen (10) an seinem oberen Ende (11) evakuiert wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass:
    • das Längstemperaturprofil innerhalb des Ofens während eines Betriebs des Ofens mittels Injektion in den Ofen (10) mindestens eines Fluids (61), das kein Hauptbrennstoff (31, 311, 312) ist, des primären Sauerstoffträgers (32) und des sekundären Sauerstoffträgers (22) variiert wird, wobei die Variation des Längstemperaturprofils durch kontinuierliches oder diskontinuierliches Variieren mindestens eines Injektionsparameters der Injektion des Fluids (61) in den Ofen (10) erreicht wird.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei um das Längstemperaturprofil in dem Ofen (10) zu variieren, das Fluid (61) mit einer kontinuierlich oder diskontinuierlich variierenden Injektionsgeschwindigkeit eingespritzt wird.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei um das Längstemperaturprofil in dem Ofen (10) zu variieren, das Fluid (61) mit einer kontinuierlichen oder diskontinuierlichen Variation der Injektionsrichtung eingespritzt wird.
  4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei um das Längstemperaturprofil in dem Ofen (10) zu variieren, das Fluid (61) von einem oder mehreren kontinuierlich oder diskontinuierlich variierenden Injektionspunkten aus eingespritzt wird.
  5. Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei um das Längstemperaturprofil in dem Ofen (10) zu variieren, das Fluid (61) mit einer kontinuierlichen oder diskontinuierlichen Variation des Injektionsdurchsatzes des Fluids eingespritzt wird.
  6. Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei um das Längstemperaturprofil in dem Ofen (10) zu variieren, das Fluid (61) mit einer kontinuierlich oder diskontinuierlich variierenden Temperatur des Fluids (61) eingespritzt wird.
  7. Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei das Fluid (61) mittels einer oder mehrerer Lanzen (60), die sich an dem unteren Ende des Ofens (10) befinden, eingespritzt wird.
  8. Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei das Fluid ein Gas ist.
  9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, wobei das Fluid (61) ein Gas beinhaltet, das ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe umfassend: Sauerstoff, Luft, CO2, Dampf und wiederaufbereitetes Rauchgas oder Gemische davon, vorzugsweise Sauerstoff oder mit Sauerstoff angereicherte Luft.
  10. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, wobei das Fluid (61) eine Flüssigkeit ist.
  11. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8 oder 10, wobei das Fluid (61) ein Zusatzbrennstoff ist, der mittels eines Zusatzbrenners, der sich an dem unteren Ende des Ofens (10) befindet, in den Ofen eingespritzt wird.
  12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 11, wobei der Zusatzbrenner ebenfalls einen Zusatz-Verbrennungssauerstoffträger zum Verbrennen des Zusatzbrennstoffs einspritzt.
  13. Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Injektionsparameter abhängig von der Temperatur der zylindrischen Wand variiert wird, die an einer vorgegebenen Stelle entlang der Länge des Trommelofens (10) erfasst ist.
  14. Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Injektionsparameter abhängig von dem Druckabfall über dem Trommelofen (10) variiert wird.
  15. Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei das hydraulische Bindemittel Zement oder Kalk ist.
EP15707329.7A 2014-02-28 2015-02-26 Verfahren zum betrieb eines trommelofens für hydraulisches bindemittel Active EP3111151B1 (de)

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JP6979778B2 (ja) * 2017-03-28 2021-12-15 大阪瓦斯株式会社 ロータリーキルン炉、及びロータリーキルン炉の制御方法

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US20170016670A1 (en) 2017-01-19
PL3111151T3 (pl) 2020-06-29
WO2015128400A1 (en) 2015-09-03
US10480858B2 (en) 2019-11-19
EP2913611A1 (de) 2015-09-02
RU2707036C1 (ru) 2019-11-21
EP3111151A1 (de) 2017-01-04
CN106068249A (zh) 2016-11-02
ES2786313T3 (es) 2020-10-09

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