EP3109337B1 - Procede destines a la fabrication de composants forges en tial - Google Patents

Procede destines a la fabrication de composants forges en tial Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3109337B1
EP3109337B1 EP16175160.7A EP16175160A EP3109337B1 EP 3109337 B1 EP3109337 B1 EP 3109337B1 EP 16175160 A EP16175160 A EP 16175160A EP 3109337 B1 EP3109337 B1 EP 3109337B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tial
finished product
cast
semi
cast semi
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP16175160.7A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3109337A1 (fr
Inventor
Martin Schloffer
Wilfried Smarsly
Marc Haltrich
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
MTU Aero Engines AG
Original Assignee
MTU Aero Engines AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by MTU Aero Engines AG filed Critical MTU Aero Engines AG
Publication of EP3109337A1 publication Critical patent/EP3109337A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3109337B1 publication Critical patent/EP3109337B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/16—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of other metals or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/18—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/183—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon of titanium or alloys based thereon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
    • B21J5/002—Hybrid process, e.g. forging following casting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K3/00—Making engine or like machine parts not covered by sub-groups of B21K1/00; Making propellers or the like
    • B21K3/04—Making engine or like machine parts not covered by sub-groups of B21K1/00; Making propellers or the like blades, e.g. for turbines; Upsetting of blade roots
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D13/00—Centrifugal casting; Casting by using centrifugal force
    • B22D13/02—Centrifugal casting; Casting by using centrifugal force of elongated solid or hollow bodies, e.g. pipes, in moulds rotating around their longitudinal axis
    • B22D13/023—Centrifugal casting; Casting by using centrifugal force of elongated solid or hollow bodies, e.g. pipes, in moulds rotating around their longitudinal axis the longitudinal axis being horizontal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D13/00—Centrifugal casting; Casting by using centrifugal force
    • B22D13/04—Centrifugal casting; Casting by using centrifugal force of shallow solid or hollow bodies, e.g. wheels or rings, in moulds rotating around their axis of symmetry
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D13/00—Centrifugal casting; Casting by using centrifugal force
    • B22D13/06—Centrifugal casting; Casting by using centrifugal force of solid or hollow bodies in moulds rotating around an axis arranged outside the mould
    • B22D13/066—Centrifugal casting; Casting by using centrifugal force of solid or hollow bodies in moulds rotating around an axis arranged outside the mould several moulds being disposed in a circle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D13/00—Centrifugal casting; Casting by using centrifugal force
    • B22D13/10—Accessories for centrifugal casting apparatus, e.g. moulds, linings therefor, means for feeding molten metal, cleansing moulds, removing castings
    • B22D13/101—Moulds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D21/00—Casting non-ferrous metals or metallic compounds so far as their metallurgical properties are of importance for the casting procedure; Selection of compositions therefor
    • B22D21/002—Castings of light metals
    • B22D21/005—Castings of light metals with high melting point, e.g. Be 1280 degrees C, Ti 1725 degrees C
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C14/00—Alloys based on titanium

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing forged components from TiAl alloys for turbomachines, such as stationary gas turbines or aircraft engines.
  • Components made of TiAl materials which comprise titanium and aluminum as their main components, are very interesting for applications in which components have to be moved quickly, for example as blades of turbomachinery, since they have high strength at a low specific weight.
  • such materials are difficult to process, since to achieve the desired property profile of the components, the materials must have a defined microstructure with a specific microstructure.
  • the invention proposes to produce TiAl components from TiAl materials by forging, using as semifinished product for forging a TiAl cast semi-finished product which is produced by horizontal centrifugal casting. It has been shown that TiAl cast semi-finished products produced by horizontal centrifugal casting can advantageously be used for further processing by forging in order to provide TiAl components with a particularly advantageous property profile for use in turbomachines in a simple and efficient manner.
  • the horizontal centrifugal casting which is to be used according to the present invention for the production of TiAl - cast semi-finished products for the subsequent forging, is characterized in that a mold, in which the melt of the material to be cast is filled and provides the corresponding shapes for the semi-finished products is rotated about a horizontal axis.
  • Horizontal means that the axis is aligned transversely, in particular perpendicular to the direction of gravity, with deviations by a few degrees in the context of technical implementation accuracy are allowed, ie, for example, deviations of up to +/- 10 °, preferably +/- 5 °.
  • TiAl alloy is understood to mean a material comprising as its main components titanium and aluminum, so that they form the largest alloy constituents.
  • materials which have intermetallic phases such as ⁇ 2 -Ti 3 Al and ⁇ -TiAl, and preferably also as constituents, which account for the largest part of a component made from such a material in terms of volume.
  • the TiAl alloy can be a so-called TNM alloy, which contains niobium and molybdenum as further constituents, since such alloys have particularly good mechanical properties for use in turbomachines.
  • it can be a TNM alloy having the composition 43.5% by weight of aluminum, 4% by weight of niobium, 1% by weight of molybdenum and 0.1% by weight of boron and the remainder titanium and unavoidable impurities and / or alloy constituents with fractions of in each case ⁇ 0.5% by weight up to a total amount of ⁇ 5% by weight, in particular ⁇ 2% by weight.
  • the aluminum content of such an alloy may be in the range from 40 to 50% by weight, in particular 42 to 45% by weight, while the niobium content may be in the range from 2 to 6% by weight and in particular 3 to 5% by weight.
  • the molybdenum content may range from 0.5 to 2 weight percent, while boron may range from 0.05 weight percent to 0.15 weight percent.
  • the TiAl cast semi-finished product produced by horizontal centrifugal casting has the shape of a ring, since this form is a favorable starting material for the subsequent forging process.
  • the TiAl cast semi-finished product can be cast by centrifugal casting so that the corresponding shapes, namely rings, are produced as separate cast semi-finished products.
  • the cast semi-finished product can be produced with a microstructure which has colonies of .alpha.-titanium and .gamma.-TiAl in a .beta.-titanium matrix, where .beta -TiAl excretions may be present.
  • the ⁇ -TiAl precipitates in the ⁇ -titanium matrix can be lenticular and / or the colonies of ⁇ -titanium and ⁇ -TiAl can have an elongated shape. Further, the ⁇ -TiAl may be provided in the colonies in the form of fine fins.
  • the phase composition of the TiAl cast semi-finished product may already be close to the equilibrium phase composition at room temperature and may vary only up to 10% by volume, and more preferably up to 8% by volume, from the equilibrium composition at room temperature. This means that the cast semi-finished product has phases other than on the order of up to 10% by volume and up to 8% by volume, respectively, than should be the case for the equilibrium composition at room temperature.
  • the TiAl cast semi - finished product After the TiAl cast semi - finished product has been produced by forging and optionally with at least one heat treatment, it is manufactured into a TiAl component or TiAl semifinished product which can only be produced by slight reworking into the desired TiAl component Post-processing, in particular the corresponding surface processing or deburring or Entkanten may include.
  • a TiAl cast semi-finished product in the form of a ring is forged to form an annular disk, from which corresponding blades for turbomachines are cut out.
  • the TiAl melt is heated at a sufficiently high temperature, i. in an overheated state can be introduced into the mold
  • an inductively heatable feeder in the apparatus for horizontal centrifugal casting, by means of which the melt is introduced into the mold.
  • the feeder can be surrounded by at least one coil.
  • the feeder may be embodied as an open-topped trough, which may be cooled by a fluid, such as water, and which may preferably be formed from copper, niobium or molybdenum materials. Copper, niobium or molybdenum materials are understood to mean those materials which contain copper, niobium or molybdenum as the main constituent.
  • the mold may be formed of a steel and / or copper and / or niobium material to allow rapid heat dissipation. Copper and niobium materials are in turn understood to mean materials which contain copper or niobium as the main constituent. To improve heat dissipation from the mold, the mold may also include suitable cooling channels for fluids such as water and the like.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic sectional view of an apparatus and a method for centrifugal casting of semi-finished TiAl castings, from which subsequently by forming by forging TiAl - components are produced, which can be used in particular in turbomachines, such as aircraft engines.
  • the apparatus comprises a mold 1 having a plurality of molds 3, 3 'into which the casting material is filled.
  • the mold 1 of the embodiment, which in FIG. 1 is shown it is in the forms 3, 3 'to molds for the production of cones and Cylinders, which are arranged along the longitudinal axis 2 of the mold 1 and along the peripheral wall of the mold 1 spaced from each other.
  • the mold 1 is in centrifugal casting, with which the molds 3, 3 'of the mold 1 are filled with appropriate molten liquid, rotated about the Kokillenl Kunststoffsachse 2, so that the casting material, for. in the form of a TiAl alloy, which is molten introduced into the mold 1, by which centrifugal force is forced into the molds 3, 3 '.
  • the molten TiAl alloy 9 is provided from a crucible 6, which can be heated by a heater 7, wherein the molten TiAl alloy is introduced into the mold 1 via a feeder 5.
  • FIG. 1 can be seen, the feeder 5 is moved in the mold 1 along the longitudinal axis 2, so that successively arranged along the longitudinal axis 2 spaced molds 3, 3 'can be filled.
  • cooling channels 4 are provided in the mold 1 through which cooling liquid, such as water, can flow.
  • the feeder 5 is provided with an induction heater 8, wherein a coil is provided for the induction heater 8 is, which is arranged around an upwardly open channel of the feeder 5.
  • the molten TiAl alloy 9 can be held inductively at temperature on its way via the feeder 5 to the molds 3, 3 '.
  • FIG. 2 shows the mold 1 after the horizontal centrifugal casting, wherein all molds 3, 3 'are filled with the cast TiAl material and the TiAl cast semi-finished products in the form of cones 10 and cylinders 11 can be removed, wherein the mold 1, as later in In another embodiment, can be decomposed into corresponding items to remove the TiAl - cast semi-finished products.
  • FIG. 3 shows the mold 1 in a perspective view, in which case the individual forms 3, 3 'and their spaced arrangement in the circumferential direction and longitudinal direction of the cylindrical mold 1 can be clearly seen.
  • a plurality of cooling channels 4 are arranged side by side in the peripheral wall of the mold 1 and run in the longitudinal direction of the mold 1.
  • FIGS. 4 to 7 show a further exemplary embodiment of the method according to the invention and the device not according to the invention for the production of centrifugally cast TiAl cast semi-finished products as a precursor for the production of forged TiAl components.
  • the second embodiment differs from the previous embodiment only in that differently shaped TiAl cast semi-finished products 12 are formed and, correspondingly, the mold 1 has other shapes 3 "Instead of the cones and cylinders as used in the exemplary embodiment of FIGS FIGS. 1 to 3 are made according to the embodiment of the FIG. 4 a plurality of rings or tubes 12 (see FIG. 5 ), wherein the corresponding molds 3 "are formed by circumferential indentations in the mold wall 1.
  • the method or device differs according to FIG FIG. 4 not further compared to the embodiment of FIG. 1 so that the same components are given the same reference numerals and a repeated description of these identical components is omitted.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates in a compilation in the diagrams a) to e) the sequence of the inventive method with respect to the centrifugal casting for the production of semi-finished Ti-Al casting as a precursor for the forging of TiAl - components from the TiAl - cast semi-finished products.
  • the partial images a) to d) correspond to the representations of FIGS. 4 to 6 , in the partial image a) the beginning of the centrifugal casting is shown, in which the feeder 5, the first row of molds 3 "filled with the casting material, while in the partial image b) the feeder 5 has already been moved along the longitudinal axis 2 of the mold 1 and fill the third row of molds 3 "with molten TiAl alloy.
  • the drawing e) of the FIG. 7 shows how the mold 1 is constructed of several parts, namely different ring segments 13 to 15, which are disassembled for removing the finished TiAl - cast semi-finished products in the form of rings 12.
  • the mold 1 is in the illustrated embodiment of the invention FIG. 7 e) each of an end plate 13 and a plurality of annular mold segments 14 and separating segments 15, which are arranged alternately side by side so as to form the molds 3 " FIG. 7 e) five forms are provided for the formation of rings 12, wherein the mold 1 with more ring segments 14, 15 may be formed longer to form more rings 12.
  • FIG. 8 schematically shows a micrograph to illustrate the microstructure of a TiAl - cast semi-finished product after centrifugal casting.
  • the microstructure off a plurality of colonies 16 of ⁇ - titanium and ⁇ - TiAl, wherein the ⁇ - TiAl is in the form of lamellae 18 in the colonies 16.
  • the colonies 16 are elongated and embedded in a ⁇ -titanium matrix 17, which additionally has lenticular ⁇ -TiAl precipitates 19.
  • the structure has no globular ⁇ - TiAl grains and gives the material a tensile strength of 650 to 800 MPa with a total elongation of 0.2 to 0.9%.
  • the microstructure is already very close to the equilibrium phase composition at room temperature, with the deviation from the equilibrium phase composition at room temperature only up to 10% by volume, preferably up to 8% by volume of the microstructure.
  • the TiAl cast semi - finished products produced by horizontal centrifugal casting are outstandingly suitable for further processing into TiAl forged components, as described in US Pat FIG. 9 is shown.
  • the TiAl cast semi-finished products are produced in the form of rings 12, as described, for example, in accordance with the method FIG. 7 in a forge with corresponding forging tools 20, 21 to a TiAl forging component in the form of an annular disc 22 (see drawing b) FIG. 9 ), from which according to the illustration in FIG. 9c) corresponding TiAl - components 23, such as blades or the like can be separated out, as indicated by the dashed lines in FIG. 9c) is indicated.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Procédé de fabrication de composants forgés en alliages TiAl, à savoir des aubes (23) pour turbomachines, dans lequel il est prévu une masse fondue (9) d'un alliage TiAl coulée par centrifugation horizontale, de manière à obtenir au moins une pièce coulée semi-finie (10, 11, 12) en TiAl, la pièce coulée semi-finie en TiAl étant transformée par forgeage en une pièce forgée en TiAl (22), caractérisé en ce que la pièce coulée semi-finie en TiAl a la forme d'un anneau (12) et en ce qu'elle est forgée en un disque annulaire (22) à partir duquel des aubes (23) pour turbomachines sont découpées.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la pièce coulée semi-finie en TiAl est obtenue par séparation, en particulier par découpage ou par usinage d'une pièce coulée.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'alliage TiAl est coulé dans un moule (1) en plusieurs pièces coulées semi-finies en TiAl coulées séparées.
  4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'alliage TiAl est coulé en une pièce coulée semi-finie en TiAl sous forme d'anneaux (12) ayant une longueur de 5 à 300 cm et/ou une épaisseur de paroi de 4 à 30 cm et/ou un diamètre intérieur de 10 à 100 cm.
  5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'alliage TiAl est un alliage TNM comportant des composants en niobium et en molybdène.
  6. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la pièce coulée semi-finie en TiAl présente une microstructure formée par des colonies (16) de α-Ti et de γ-TiAl déposées en β-Ti.
  7. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la composition de phase de la pièce coulée semi-finie en TiAl diffère de la composition de phase d'équilibre à température ambiante allant jusqu'à 10 % en volume, en particulier jusqu'à 8 % en volume.
  8. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la pièce coulée semi-finie en TiAl est soumise à plusieurs étapes de formage par forgeage et/ou au moins à un traitement thermique.
EP16175160.7A 2015-06-24 2016-06-20 Procede destines a la fabrication de composants forges en tial Not-in-force EP3109337B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102015211718.9A DE102015211718B4 (de) 2015-06-24 2015-06-24 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von TiAl-Schmiedebauteilen

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3109337A1 EP3109337A1 (fr) 2016-12-28
EP3109337B1 true EP3109337B1 (fr) 2019-06-05

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EP16175160.7A Not-in-force EP3109337B1 (fr) 2015-06-24 2016-06-20 Procede destines a la fabrication de composants forges en tial

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US (1) US10385434B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP3109337B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102015211718B4 (fr)
ES (1) ES2742206T3 (fr)

Cited By (1)

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DE102021000614A1 (de) 2021-02-08 2022-08-11 Access E.V. Kokille zur rissfreien Herstellung eines Metallgegenstandes mit mindestens einem Hinterschnitt, insbesondere aus intermetallischen Legierungen wie TiAl, FeAl und anderen spröden oder rissanfälligen Werkstoffen, sowie ein entsprechendes Verfahren.

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US20180010468A1 (en) * 2016-07-07 2018-01-11 United Technologies Corporation Enhanced temperature capability gamma titanium aluminum alloys
US20180010213A1 (en) * 2016-07-07 2018-01-11 United Technologies Corporation Enhance ductility of gamma titanium aluminum alloys by reducing interstitial contents
EP3326746A1 (fr) * 2016-11-25 2018-05-30 Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht Zentrum für Material- und Küstenforschung GmbH Procédé pour assembler et/ou réparer des substrats d'alliages d'aluminure de titane
JP6744842B2 (ja) * 2017-06-06 2020-08-19 三菱日立パワーシステムズ株式会社 回転電機固定子の中空金属部品、回転電機、中空金属部品の製造方法
CN109746406B (zh) * 2019-03-14 2020-12-15 明光天赋智能科技有限公司 一种异型铁铸件离心铸造机
CN110052595B (zh) * 2019-04-13 2021-03-02 衢州恒业汽车部件有限公司 一种抗穿晶断裂失效模式的汽车转向节及其制造方法
TWI752740B (zh) 2020-11-26 2022-01-11 財團法人工業技術研究院 鋁合金輪圈與其製造方法

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US10385434B2 (en) 2019-08-20
DE102015211718B4 (de) 2020-12-03
EP3109337A1 (fr) 2016-12-28
ES2742206T3 (es) 2020-02-13
US20160376689A1 (en) 2016-12-29
DE102015211718A1 (de) 2016-12-29

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