Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/04—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
  • C10L1/08—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for compression ignition
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/04—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L2200/00—Components of fuel compositions
  • C10L2200/04—Organic compounds
  • C10L2200/0407—Specifically defined hydrocarbon fractions as obtained from, e.g. a distillation column
  • C10L2200/0438—Middle or heavy distillates, heating oil, gasoil, marine fuels, residua
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L2200/00—Components of fuel compositions
  • C10L2200/04—Organic compounds
  • C10L2200/0407—Specifically defined hydrocarbon fractions as obtained from, e.g. a distillation column
  • C10L2200/0438—Middle or heavy distillates, heating oil, gasoil, marine fuels, residua
  • C10L2200/0446—Diesel
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L2200/00—Components of fuel compositions
  • C10L2200/04—Organic compounds
  • C10L2200/0407—Specifically defined hydrocarbon fractions as obtained from, e.g. a distillation column
  • C10L2200/0453—Petroleum or natural waxes, e.g. paraffin waxes, asphaltenes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L2270/00—Specifically adapted fuels
  • C10L2270/02—Specifically adapted fuels for internal combustion engines
  • C10L2270/026—Specifically adapted fuels for internal combustion engines for diesel engines, e.g. automobiles, stationary, marine

Definitions

• the present disclosure generally relates to marine fuel compositions, specifically marine fuel compositions comprising at least one residual hydrocarbon component.
• Marine vessels used in global shipping typically run on marine fuels, which can also be referred to as bunker fuels.
• Marine fuels include distillate-based and residues-based ("resid- based") marine fuels. Resid-based marine fuels are usually preferred because they tend to cost less than other fuels, but they often, and typically, have higher sulfur levels due to the cracked and/or residual hydrocarbon components that typically make up the resid-based marine fuels.
• the International Maritime Organization imposes increasingly more stringent requirements on sulfur content of marine fuels used globally.
• IMO imposes more strict marine fuel sulfur levels in specific regions known as Emission Control Areas, or ECAs.
• the regulations will require a low-sulfur marine fuel with a maximum sulfur content of 0.1 wt (1000 wppm) for the ECA in the near future.
• One conventional way of meeting the lower sulfur requirements for marine vessels is through the use of distillate-based fuels (e.g. , diesel) with sulfur levels typically significantly below the sulfur levels specified in the IMO regulations.
• the distillate-based fuels typically have a high cost premium and limited flexibility in blending components. For instance, use of heavy and highly aromatic components in a distillate- based low-sulfur marine fuel is limited because of the density, MCR content, appearance (color), and cetane specifications imposed on marine distillate fuels.
• resid- based marine fuel oils have over distillate-based marine fuels is that they can incorporate heavy and aromatic components into their formulations because of their product specifications. This allows more flexible use of available blending components for marine fuel oil production and results in lower cost fuels. Further, the use of heavy and highly aromatic components possible in resid-based marine fuel blends allows higher density fuels to be produced.
• the present disclosure provides a marine fuel composition
• a marine fuel composition comprising: 10 to 50 wt of a residual hydrocarbon component; and 50 to 90 wt selected from a group consisting of a non-hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component, a hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component, and any combination thereof, wherein the amount of each of the non- hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component and the hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component in the marine fuel composition is up to 80%.
• the sulphur content of the marine fuel blend composition is in a range of 400 to 1000 wppm.
• the marine fuel composition exhibits at least one of the following characteristics: a hydrogen sulfide content of at most 2.0 mg/kg; an acid number of at most 2.5 mg KOH per gram; a sediment content of at most 0.1 wt %; a water content of at most 0.5 vol %; and an ash content of at most 0.15 wt%.
• the marine fuel composition has at least one of the following: a density at 15 degrees C in a range of 0.870 to 1.010 g/cm , a kinematic viscosity at 50 degrees C in a range of 1 to 700 cSt, a pour point of -30 to 35 degrees C, for example -27 to 30 degrees C, and a flash point of at least 60 degrees C.
• the density of the marine fuel composition density is at least 0.890 g/cm .
• the kinematic viscosity of the marine fuel is less than 12 cSt.
• the marine fuel composition comprises 20 to 40 wt% of the residual hydrocarbon component; 10 to 60 wt% of the non-hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component; and 10 to 60 wt% of the hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component. In certain embodiments, the marine fuel composition comprises at least 25 wt% or at least 30 wt% of the residual hydrocarbon component. Additionally or alternately, the marine fuel composition comprises at least 50 wt of the hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component or at least 50 wt of the non-hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component.
• the residual hydrocarbon component has a sulfur content of at least 0.4 wt or at least 0.2 wt .
• the residual hydrocarbon component is selected from the group consisting of long residues (ATB), short residues (VTB), and a combination thereof.
• the residual hydrocarbon component comprises long residues (ATB) which may exhibit at least one of the following characteristics: a density at 15 degrees C in a range of 0.8 to 1.1 g/cc; a pour point in a range of -19.0 to 64 degrees C, a flash point in a range of 80 to 213 degrees C; an acid number of up to 8.00 mgKOH/g; and a kinematic viscosity at ⁇ 50 degrees C in a range of 1.75 to 15000 cSt.
• ATB long residues
• the residual hydrocarbon component comprises short residues which may exhibit at least one of the following characteristics: a density at 15 degrees C in a range of 0.8 to 1.1 g/cc; a pour point in a range of -15.0 to 95 degrees C, a flash point in a range of 220 to 335 degrees C; an acid number of up to 8.00 mgKOH/g; and a kinematic viscosity at 50 degrees C in a range of 3.75 to 15000 cSt.
• the non-hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component is selected from the group consisting of light cycle oil (LCO), heavy cycle oil (HCO), fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) cycle oil, FCC slurry oil, pyrolysis gas oil, cracked light gas oil (CLGO), cracked heavy gas oil (CHGO), pyrolysis light gas oil (PLGO), pyrolysis heavy gas oil (PHGO), thermally cracked residue, thermally cracked heavy distillate, coker heavy distillates, and any combination thereof.
• LCO light cycle oil
• HCO heavy cycle oil
• FCC fluid catalytic cracking
• FCC slurry oil FCC slurry oil
• pyrolysis gas oil cracked light gas oil (CLGO), cracked heavy gas oil (CHGO), pyrolysis light gas oil (PLGO), pyrolysis heavy gas oil (PHGO)
• thermally cracked residue thermally cracked heavy distillate
• coker heavy distillates and any combination thereof.
• the non-hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component is selected from a group consisting of vacuum gas oil (VGO), coker diesel, coker gas oil, coker VGO, thermally cracked VGO, thermally cracked diesel, thermally cracked gas oil, Group I slack waxes, lube oil aromatic extracts, deasphalted oil (DAO), and any combination thereof.
• VGO vacuum gas oil
• coker diesel coker gas oil
• coker VGO coker VGO
• thermally cracked VGO thermally cracked diesel
• thermally cracked gas oil Group I slack waxes
• lube oil aromatic extracts lube oil aromatic extracts
• DAO deasphalted oil
• the present disclosure also provide a method to prepare a marine fuel composition
• a marine fuel composition comprising at least about 10 and up to 50 wt of a residual hydrocarbon component and at least about 50 and up to 90 wt of other components selected from up to about 80 wt , based on all components, of a non-hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component, up to about 80 wt , based on all components, of a hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component, and a combination thereof, wherein the marine fuel composition has a sulfur content of about 0.1 wt or less.
• the method comprises selecting a relative composition amount and material of the residual hydrocarbon component; selecting a relative composition amount and material of the non-hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component and/or hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component based on the residual hydrocarbon component selection to provide the composition sulfur content of about 0.1 wt or less; and blending the selected components to form the marine fuel composition.
• the selected residual hydrocarbon component has a sulfur content of 0.4 wt or less.
• the residual hydrocarbon component, non-hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component and/or hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component are selected to provide the marine fuel composition with characteristics that meet a standard specification, such as, but not limited to ISO 8217.
• the present disclosure generally relates to marine fuels, specifically marine fuels with low sulfur content comprising at least one residual hydrocarbon component.
• a marine fuel composition having a density at 15 degrees C of greater than 830 kg/m as measured by a suitable standard method known to one of ordinary skill in the art, such as ASTM D4052.
• the marine fuel composition may meet the marine residual fuels standard of ISO 8217 (2010).
• the marine fuel composition may comprise at least about 10 and up to 50 wt of a residual hydrocarbon component and at least about 50 and up to 90 wt of other components selected from up to about 80 wt , based on all components, a non-hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component; up to about 80 wt , based on all components, a hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component, and a combination thereof.
• the amount and material of the residual hydrocarbon component may be selected first, and the amount and material of the non- hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component and/or hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component can be determined based on their properties in view of the residual hydrocarbon component selection to form a marine fuel composition that meets the desired application, such as to meet a particular specification or regulation requirement.
• the marine fuel composition includes a residual hydrocarbon component in a range of about 10 to 50 wt while still maintaining the sulfur content to meet regulations.
• the marine fuel composition comprises about 10 to 50 wt , for example, about 20 to 40 wt , of the residual hydrocarbon component.
• the marine fuel composition may comprise at least 10 wt , at least 15 wt , at least 20 wt , at least 25 wt%, at least 30 wt%, at least 35 wt%, at least 40 wt%, and at least 45 wt%.
• the marine fuel composition may comprise at most about 50 wt%, for example, at most 45 wt%, at most 40 wt%, at most 35 wt%, at most 30 wt%, at most 25 wt%, at most 20 wt%, at most 15 wt%, or at most 10 wt%.
• the marine fuel composition comprises greater than 25 wt% of the residual hydrocarbon component, such as 26 wt%, 27 wt%, 28 wt%, and 29 wt%.
• the marine fuel composition comprises greater than 35 wt% of the residual hydrocarbon component, such as 36 wt%, 37 wt%, 38 wt%, and 39 wt%.
• the residual hydrocarbon component can include any suitable residual hydrocarbon component, including long residues, short residues, or a combination thereof.
• residual hydrocarbon components can be residues of distillation processes and may have been obtained as residues in the distillation of crude mineral oil under atmospheric pressure, producing straight run distillate fractions and a first residual oil, which is called “long residue” (or atmospheric tower bottoms (ATB)).
• the long residue is usually distilled at sub-atmospheric pressure to yield one or more so called “vacuum distillates” and a second residual oil, which is called “short residue” (or vacuum tower bottoms (VTB)).
• the residual hydrocarbon component used has a sulfur content of less than about 0.4 wt%, for example, less than about 0.2 wt%.
• the residual hydrocarbon component with a sulfur content of less than about 0.4 wt% may be selected from long residues (ATB), short residues (VTB), and a combination thereof.
• the long residues may exhibit one or more of the following properties: a density at -15 degrees C of at most about 1.0 g/cc, for example, at most 0.95 g/cc, at most 0.90 g/cc, at most 0.85 g/cc, at most 0.80 g/cc, at most 0.75 g/cc, or at most 0.70 g/cc; a density at -15 degrees C of at least about 0.70 g/cc, for example, at least 0.75 g/cc, at least 0.80 g/cc, at least 0.85 g/cc, at least 0.90 g/cc, at least 0.95 g/cc, or at least 1.0 g/cc; a sulfur content of about at most 0.40 wt%, at most 0.35 wt%, at most 0.30 wt%, at most 0.25 wt%, at most 0.20 wt%, at most 0.15 wt%, at most 0.10 wt%,
• the short residues (VTB) may exhibit one or more of the following properties: a density at -15 degrees C of at most about 1.1 g/cc, for example, at most 1.05 g/cc, at most 1.00 g/cc, at most 0.95 g/cc, at most 0.90 g/cc, at most 0.85 g/cc, or at most 0.80 g/cc; a density at -15 degrees C of at least about 0.80 g/cc, for example, at least 0.85 g/cc, at least 0.90 g/cc, at least 0.95 g/cc, at least 1.0 g/cc, at least 1.05 g/cc, or at least 1.10 g/cc; a sulfur content of about at most 0.40 wt%, at most 0.35 wt%, at most 0.30 wt%, at most 0.25 wt%, at most 0.20 wt%, at most 0.15 wt%, at most 0.10 wt%
• the residual hydrocarbon component may be selected from a group consisting of long residues (ATB), short residues (VTB), and a combination thereof, where the long residues may exhibit one or more of the following characteristics: a density at -15 degrees C in a range of about 0.7 to 1.0 g/cc; a sulfur content in a range of about 0.01 to 0.40 wt ; a pour point in a range of about -19.0 to 64.0 degrees C; a flash point in a range of about 80 to 213 degrees C; a total acid number (TAN) of up to about 8.00 mgKOH/g; and a kinematic viscosity at ⁇ 50 degrees C in a range of about 1.75 to 15000 cSt; and where the short residues (VTB) may exhibit one or more of the following properties: a density at -15 degrees C in a range of about 0.8 to 1.1 g/cc; a sulfur content in a range of about 0.01 to 0.40 wt
• the remaining about 50 to 90 wt of the marine fuel composition comprises one or more hydrocarbon components other than the residual hydrocarbon component, where the one or more hydrocarbon components is selected from a non-hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component, a hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component, and a combination thereof.
• the marine fuel composition comprises up to about 80 wt , preferably about 10 to 60 wt , of a non-hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component.
• the marine fuel composition may comprise the non-hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component in an amount of at least 5 wt , at least 10 wt , at least 15 wt , at least 20 wt , at least 25 wt , at least 30 wt%, at least 40 wt%, at least 45 wt%, at least 50 wt%, at least 55 wt%, at least 60 wt%, at least 65 wt%, at least 60 wt%, at least 65 wt%, at least 70 wt%, or at least 75 wt%.
• the marine fuel composition may comprise the non-hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component in an amount of at most 80 wt%, at most 75 wt%, at most 70 wt%, at most 65 wt% at most 60 wt% at most 55 wt%, at most 50 wt%, at most 45 wt%, at most 40 wt%, at most 35 wt%, at most 30 wt%, at most 25 wt%, at most 20 wt%, at most 25 wt%, at most 20 wt%, at most 15 wt%, at most 10 wt%, at most 5 wt%.
• the marine fuel composition comprises greater than about 10 wt% of the non-hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component, such as about 11 wt , 12 wt%, 13 wt%, 14 wt%, and 15 wt%.
• the non-hydroprocessed hydrocarbon includes hydrocarbon products derived from oil cuts or cuts of a petrochemical origin which have not been subjected to hydrotreatment or hydroprocessing (HT).
• hydrotreatment or hydroprocessing includes hydrocracking, hydrodeoxygenation, hydrodesulphurization, hydrodenitrogenation and/or hydroisomerization.
• the non-hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component is selected from the group consisting of light cycle oil (LCO), heavy cycle oil (HCO), fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) cycle oil, FCC slurry oil, pyrolysis gas oil, cracked light gas oil (CLGO), cracked heavy gas oil (CHGO), pyrolysis light gas oil (PLGO), pyrolysis heavy gas oil (PHGO), thermally cracked residue (also called tar or thermal tar), thermally cracked heavy distillate, coker heavy distillates, which is heavier than diesel, and any combination thereof.
• LCO light cycle oil
• HCO heavy cycle oil
• FCC fluid catalytic cracking
• FCC slurry oil FCC slurry oil
• pyrolysis gas oil cracked light gas oil (CLGO), cracked heavy gas oil (CHGO), pyrolysis light gas oil (PLGO), pyrolysis heavy gas oil (PHGO), thermally cracked residue (also called tar or thermal tar), thermally cracked heavy distillate, coker heavy distillates, which is heavier than diesel, and
• the non-hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component is selected from the group consisting of vacuum gas oil (VGO), coker diesel, coker gas oil, coker VGO, thermally cracked VGO, thermally cracked diesel, thermally cracked gas oil, Group I slack waxes, lube oil aromatic extracts, deasphalted oil (DAO), and any combination thereof.
• VGO vacuum gas oil
• coker diesel coker gas oil
• coker VGO coker VGO
• thermally cracked VGO thermally cracked diesel
• thermally cracked gas oil Group I slack waxes
• lube oil aromatic extracts lube oil aromatic extracts
• DAO deasphalted oil
• the non-hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component is selected from the group consisting of coker kerosene, thermally cracked kerosene, gas-to-liquids (GTL) wax, GTL hydrocarbons, straight-run diesel, straight-run kerosene, straight run gas oil (SRGO), and any combination thereof. While preferred, a non-hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component is not required in a marine fuel composition described herein, particularly when a residual hydrocarbon component and a hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component can provide the marine fuel composition with the requisite or desired properties.
• LCO is herein preferably refers to a fraction of FCC products of which at least 80 wt , more preferably at least 90 wt , boils in the range from equal to or more than 221 °C to less than 370°C (at a pressure of 0.1 MegaPascal).
• HCO is herein preferably refers to a fraction of the FCC products of which at least 80 wt , more preferably at least 90 wt , boils in the range from equal to or more than 370°C to less 425°C (at a pressure of 0.1 MegaPascal).
• Slurry oil is herein preferably refers to a fraction of the FCC products of which at least 80 wt , more preferably at least 90 wt , boils at or above 425°C (at a pressure of 0.1 MegaPascal).
• the marine fuel composition comprises up to about 80 wt , preferably about 10 to 60 wt , of a hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component.
• the marine fuel composition may comprise the hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component in an amount of at least 5 wt%, at least 10 wt%, at least 15 wt%, at least 20 wt%, at least 25 wt%, at least 30 wt%, at least 40 wt%, at least 45 wt%, at least 50 wt%, at least 55 wt%, at least 60 wt%, at least 65 wt%, at least 60 wt%, at least 65 wt%, at least 70 wt%, or at least 75 wt%.
• the marine fuel composition may comprise the hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component in an amount of at most 80 wt%, at most 75 wt%, at most 70 wt%, at most 65 wt% at most 60 wt% at most 55 wt%, at most 50 wt%, at most 45 wt%, at most 40 wt%, at most 35 wt%, at most 30 wt%, at most 25 wt%, at most 20 wt%, at most 25 wt%, at most 20 wt%, at most 15 wt%, at most 10 wt%, at most 5 wt%.
• the marine fuel composition comprises greater than 55 wt% of the hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component, such as 56 wt%, 57 wt%, 58 wt%, 59 wt%, 60 wt%, 61 wt%, 62 wt%, 63 wt%, 64 wt%, and 65 wt%.
• the hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component can be derived from oil cuts or cuts of a petrochemical origin which have been subjected to hydrotreatment or hydroprocessing, which can be referred to as hydrotreated.
• hydrotreatment or hydroprocessing includes hydrocracking, hydrodeoxygenation, hydrodesulphurization, hydrodenitrogenation and/or hydroisomerization.
• the hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component is selected from a group consisting of low-sulfur diesel (LSD) of less than about 500 wppm of sulfur, particularly ultra low-sulfur diesel (ULSD) of less than 15 or 10 wppm of sulfur; hydrotreated LCO; hydrotreated HCO; hydrotreated FCC cycle oil; hydrotreated pyrolysis gas oil, hydrotreated PLGO, hydrotreated PHGO, hydrotreated CLGO, hydrotreated CHGO, hydrotreated coker heavy distillates, hydrotreated thermally cracked heavy distillate, and any combination thereof.
• LSD low-sulfur diesel
• ULSD ultra low-sulfur diesel
• the hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component is selected from a group consisting of hydrotreated coker diesel, hydrotreated coker gas oil, hydrotreated thermally cracked diesel, hydrotreated thermally cracked gas oil, hydrotreated VGO, hydrotreated coker VGO, hydrotreated residues, hydrocracker bottoms (which can also be known as hydrocracker hydro wax), hydrotreated thermally cracked VGO, and hydrotreated hydrocracker DAO, and any combination thereof.
• the hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component is selected from a group consisting of ultra low sulfur kerosene (ULSK), hydrotreated jet fuel, hydrotreated kerosene, hydrotreated coker kerosene, hydrocracker diesel, hydrocracker kerosene, hydrotreated thermally cracked kerosene, and any combination thereof. While preferred, a hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component is not required in a marine fuel composition described herein, particularly when a residual hydrocarbon component and a non-hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component can provide the marine fuel composition with the requisite or desired properties.
• ULSK ultra low sulfur kerosene
• the marine fuel composition can comprise other components aside from components (i) the residual hydrocarbon, (ii) the hydroprocessed hydrocarbon, and (iii) the non-hydroprocessed hydrocarbon.
• Such other components may typically be present in fuel additives.
• Examples of such other components can include, but are not limited to, detergents, viscosity modifiers, pour point depressants, lubricity modifiers, dehazers, e.g. alkoxylated phenol formaldehyde polymers; anti-foaming agents (e.g., polyether-modified polysiloxanes); ignition improvers (cetane improvers) (e.g.
• anti-rust agents e.g. a propane- 1,2-diol semi-ester of tetrapropenyl succinic acid, or polyhydric alcohol esters of a succinic acid derivative, the succinic acid derivative having on at least one of its alpha-carbon atoms an unsubstituted or substituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group containing from 20 to 500 carbon atoms, e.g.
• the pentaerythritol diester of polyisobutylene-substituted succinic acid corrosion inhibitors; reodorants; anti-wear additives; anti-oxidants (e.g. phenolics such as 2,6-di-tert- butylphenol, or phenylenediamines such as N,N'-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine); metal deactivators; static dissipator additives; combustion improvers; and mixtures thereof.
• detergents suitable for use in fuel additives include polyolefin substituted succinimides or succinamides of polyamines, for instance polyisobutylene succinimides or polyisobutylene amine succinamides, aliphatic amines, Mannich bases or amines and polyolefin (e.g. polyisobutylene) maleic anhydrides.
• Succinimide dispersant additives are described for example in GB-A-960493, EP-A-0147240, EP-A-0482253, EP-A-0613938, EP-A-0557516 and WO-A-98/42808.
• a lubricity modifier enhancer may be conveniently used at a concentration of less than 1000 ppmw, preferably from 50 to 1000 or from 100 to 1000 ppmw, more preferably from 50 to 500 ppmw.
• Suitable commercially available lubricity enhancers include ester- and acid-based additives. It may also be preferred for the fuel composition to contain an anti-foaming agent, more preferably in combination with an anti-rust agent and/or a corrosion inhibitor and/or a lubricity modifying additive.
• the concentration of each such additional component in the fuel composition is preferably up to 10000 ppmw, more preferably in the range from 0.1 to 1000 ppmw, advantageously from 0.1 to 300 ppmw, such as from 0.1 to 150 ppmw (all additive concentrations quoted in this specification refer, unless otherwise stated, to active matter concentrations by weight).
• the concentration of any dehazer in the fuel composition will preferably be in the range from 0.1 to 20 ppmw, more preferably from 1 to 15 ppmw, still more preferably from 1 to 10 ppmw, advantageously from 1 to 5 ppmw.
• the concentration of any ignition improver present will preferably be 2600 ppmw or less, more preferably 2000 ppmw or less, conveniently from 300 to 1500 ppmw.
• one or more additive components may be co- mixed— preferably together with suitable diluent(s)— in an additive concentrate, and the additive concentrate may then be dispersed into the base fuel, or into the base fuel/wax blend, in order to prepare a fuel composition according to the present invention.
• the marine fuel composition has a maximum sulfur content of 1000 wppm (parts per million by weight) or 0.1%. In some embodiments, the marine fuel composition can exhibit a sulfur content in a range of about 850 wppm to 1000 wppm, for example about 900 wppm, 950 wppm, or 1000 wppm.
• the marine fuel composition can exhibit a sulfur content of at most 1000 wppm, for example at most 1000 wppm, at most 950 wppm, at most 900 wppm, at most 850 wppm, at most 800 wppm, at most 750 wppm, at most 700 wppm, at most 650 wppm, at most 600 wppm, at most 550 wppm, at most 500 wppm, at most 450 wppm, at most 400 wppm, at most 350 wppm, at most 300 wppm, or at most 250 wppm.
• the marine fuel composition can exhibit a sulfur content of at least 250 wppm, at least 300 wppm, at least 350 wppm, at least 400 wppm, at least 450 wppm, at least 500 wppm, at least 550 wppm, at least 600 wppm, at least 650 wppm, at least 700 wppm, at least 750 wppm, at least 800 wppm, at least 850 wppm, or at least 900 wppm, at least 950 wppm, at least 1000.
• the sulfur content of the residual hydrocarbon component, the non- hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component, and/or the hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component, individually can vary, as long as the marine fuel composition as a whole meets the sulfur target content requirement for a certain embodiment.
• other characteristics of the residual hydrocarbon component, the non-hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component, and/or the hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component, individually can vary, as long as the marine fuel composition meets the requirements of a standardization, such as ISO 8217. As such, certain embodiments can allow for greater use of cracked materials, for example, 25 wt% or greater.
• the marine fuel composition can exhibit one or more of the following characteristics: a kinematic viscosity at about 50 °C (according to a suitable standardized test method, e.g., ASTM D445) of at most about 700 cSt, for example at most 500 cSt, at most 380 cSt, at most 180 cSt, at most 80 cSt, at most 55 cSt, at most 50 cSt, at most 45 cSt, at most 40 cSt, at most 35 cSt, at most 30 cSt, at most 25 cSt, at most 20 cSt, at most 15 cSt, at most 10 cSt, or at most 5 cSt; for example, about 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, or 21 cSt; a kinematic viscosity at about 50 °C (according to a suitable standardized test method,
• the marine fuel composition may exhibit one or more of the following characteristics: a kinematic viscosity at about 50 °C (according to a suitable standardized test method, e.g., ASTM D445) in a range of about 0 to 700 cSt, for example, at most 700.0 cSt, at most 500.0 cSt, at most 380.0 cSt, at most 180.0 cSt, at most 80.00 cSt, at most 30.00 cSt, or at most 10.00 cSt; a density at about 15 °C (according to a suitable standardized test method, e.g., ASTM D4052) in a range of about 0.870 to 1.010 g/cm 3 , for example, at most 0.920 g/cm 3 , at most 0.960 g/cm 3 , at most 0.975 g/cm 3 , at most 0.991 g/cm 3 , or at most 1.010 g/
• the low sulfur marine and/or bunker fuels can exhibit at least one of the following characteristics: a hydrogen sulfide content (according to a suitable standardized test method, e.g., IP 570) of at most about 2.0 mg/kg; an acid number (according to a suitable standardized test method, e.g., ASTM D-664) of at most about 2.5 mg KOH per gram; a sediment content (according to according to a suitable standardized test method, e.g., ASTM D4870 Proc.
• a hydrogen sulfide content accordinging to a suitable standardized test method, e.g., IP 570
• an acid number accordinging to a suitable standardized test method, e.g., ASTM D-664
• a sediment content according to according to a suitable standardized test method, e.g., ASTM D4870 Proc.
• a water content (according to according to according to a suitable standardized test method, e.g., ASTM D95) of at most about 0.5 vol , for example about 0.3 vol ; and an ash content (according to a suitable standardized testing method, e.g., ASTM D482) of at most about 0.15 wt , for example, about 0.10 wt , 0.07 wt , or 0.04 wt .
• a process for the preparation of a marine fuel composition comprising at least about 10 and up to 50 wt of a residual hydrocarbon component and at least about 50 and up to 90 wt of other components selected from up to about 80 wt , based on all components, of a non-hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component, up to about 80 wt , based on all components, of a hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component, and a combination thereof, wherein the marine fuel composition has a sulfur content of about 0.1 wt (1000 wppm) or less.
• the process involves selecting a relative composition amount and material of the residual hydrocarbon component; selecting a relative composition amount and material of the non-hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component and/or hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component based on the residual hydrocarbon component selection to provide the composition sulfur content of about 0.1 wt or less; and blending the selected components to form the marine fuel composition.
• the selected residual hydrocarbon component has a sulfur content of 0.4 wt or less.
• the residual hydrocarbon component, non-hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component and/or hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component are selected to provide the marine fuel composition with characteristics that meet a standard specification, such as, but not limited to ISO 8217.
• the residual hydrocarbon component was long residue or ATB.
• the non-hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component was selected from a group consisting of slurry oil and LCO.
• the hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component was ULSD. The characteristics of these materials are provided in Table 1 below.
• Table 3 below provides certain characteristics, as measured by the respective ASTM method, of the marine fuel composition of Examples 1 - 6.
• the marine fuel composition of Examples 1 - 6 exhibited a sulfur content that is less than 0.1 wt , which would allow these compositions to be used in geographical locations that are or will be under more stringent regulations government the sulfur content of marine fuels.
• the marine fuel composition of Examples 1 - 6 exhibited characteristics that allow them, if necessary or desired, to meet specifications that govern residual-based marine fuels, particularly ISO 8217.
• the relative fuel composition of the marine fuel composition was about 30 wt% of a residual hydrocarbon component, about 30 wt% of a non-hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component, and about 40 wt% of a hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component.
• the residual hydrocarbon component was long residues or ATB;
• the non-hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component included about 17 wt% of a first type of slurry oil (Slurry Oil (1), about 8 wt of a second type of slurry oil (Slurry Oil (2)), and about 5 wt of thermally cracked residue (which can also be known as thermal tar); and the hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component was ULSD.
• the properties of these components are listed in Table 4 below.
• Table 5 below provides certain characteristics, as measured by the respective ISO method, of the marine fuel composition of Example 7.
• the marine fuel composition of Example 7 had a sulfur content that is less than 0.1 wt , which would allow it to be used in geographical locations that are or will be under more stringent regulations government the sulfur content of marine fuels.
• the marine fuel composition of Example 7 exhibited characteristics that allow it, if necessary or desired, to meet specifications that govern residual-based marine fuels, particularly ISO 8217.
• the residual hydrocarbon component can be long residue or ATB.
• the non-hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component can be selected from a group consisting of slurry oil, pyrolysis gas oil, LCO, thermally cracked residue (which can also be known as thermal tar), and group I slack waxes.
• the hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component can be selected from a group consisting of hydroprocessed LCO that contains up to 400 wppm of sulfur ("400 wppm S"), hydroprocessed LCO that contains up to 15 wppm of sulfur (“15 wppm S"), ULSD, and hydrocracker bottoms (which can also be known as hydrowax). The characteristics of these materials are provided in Table 6 below.
• Examples 8 - 60 there are tables below that provide certain characteristics of the marine fuel composition of Examples 8 - 60 should have, as measured by a respective standard testing method. As can be seen below, it is expected that the marine fuel composition of Examples 8 - 60 would have a sulfur content that is less than 0.1 wt , which would allow them to be used in geographical locations that are or will be under more stringent regulations government the sulfur content of marine fuels. In addition, it is expected the marine fuel composition of Examples 8 - 60 to exhibit characteristics that allow them, if necessary or desired, to meet specifications that govern residual-based marine fuels, particularly ISO 8217.
• each of the marine fuel composition can include about 10 wt of a residual hydrocarbon component.
• the remaining about 90 wt of the respective marine fuel composition can be selected from a non-hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component, the hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component, and a combination thereof.
• Table 7 below summarizes the blend content of the marine fuel composition in Examples 8 - 14.
• Table 8 below summarizes the blend content of the marine fuel composition in Examples 15 - 18.
• Table 9 provides certain characteristics that the marine fuel composition of Examples 8 - 18 should have, as measured by a respective standard testing method.
• each of the marine fuel composition can include about 20 wt of a residual hydrocarbon component.
• the remaining about 80 wt of the respective marine fuel composition can be selected from a non-hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component, the hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component, and a combination thereof.
• Table 10 summarizes the blend content of the marine fuel composition in Examples 19 - 24.
• Table 11 provides certain characteristics that the marine fuel composition of Examples 19 - 24 should have, as measured by a respective standard testing method.
• each of the marine fuel composition can include about 25 wt of a residual hydrocarbon component.
• the remaining about 75 wt of the respective marine fuel composition can be selected from a non-hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component, the hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component, and a combination thereof.
• Table 12 below summarizes the blend content of the marine fuel composition in Examples 25 - 28.
• Table 13 below summarizes the blend content of the marine fuel composition in Examples 29 - 30.
• Table 14 below provides certain characteristics that the marine fuel composition of Examples 25 - 30 should have, as measured by a respective standard testing method.
• each of the marine fuel composition can include about 30 wt of a residual hydrocarbon component.
• the remaining about 70 wt of the respective marine fuel composition can be selected from a non-hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component, the hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component, and a combination thereof.
• Table 15 below summarizes the blend content of the marine fuel composition in Examples 31 - 37.
• Table 16 below summarizes the blend content of the marine fuel composition in Examples 38 - 43.
• Table 17 below provides certain characteristics that the marine fuel composition of Examples 31 - 43 should have, as measured by a respective standard testing method. Table 17 - Characteristics of the marine fuel composition in Examples 31 - 43
• each of the marine fuel composition can include about 35 wt of a residual hydrocarbon component.
• the remaining about 65 wt of the respective marine fuel composition can be selected from a non-hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component, the hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component, and a combination thereof.
• Table 18 below summarizes the blend content of the marine fuel composition in Examples 44 - 45.
• Table 19 below provides certain characteristics that the marine fuel composition of Examples 44 - 45 should have, as measured by a respective standard testing method.
• each of the marine fuel composition can include about 38 wt of a residual hydrocarbon component.
• the remaining about 62 wt of the respective marine fuel composition can be selected from a non-hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component, the hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component, and a combination thereof.
• Table 20 below summarizes the blend content of the marine fuel composition in Examples 46 - 47.
• Table 21 below provides certain characteristics that the marine fuel composition of Examples 46 - 47 should have, as measured by a respective standard testing method.
• each of the marine fuel composition can include about 40 wt of a residual hydrocarbon component.
• the remaining about 60 wt of the respective marine fuel composition can be selected from a non-hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component, the hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component, and a combination thereof.
• Table 22 below summarizes the blend content of the marine fuel composition in Examples 48 - 54.
• Table 23 below provides certain characteristics that the marine fuel composition of Examples 48 - 54 should have, as measured by a respective standard testing method.
• each of the marine fuel composition can include about 45 wt of a residual hydrocarbon component.
• the remaining about 55 wt of the respective marine fuel composition can be selected from a non-hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component, the hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component, and a combination thereof.
• Table 24 below summarizes the blend content of the marine fuel composition in Examples 55 - 56.
• Table 25 provides certain characteristics that the marine fuel composition of Examples 55 - 56 should have, as measured by a respective standard testing method.
• each of the marine fuel composition can include about 50 wt of a residual hydrocarbon component.
• the remaining about 50 wt of the respective marine fuel composition can be selected from a non-hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component, the hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component, and a combination thereof.
• Table 26 summarizes the blend content of the marine fuel composition in Examples 57 - 60.
• Table 27 below provides certain characteristics that the marine fuel composition of Examples 57 - 60 should have, as measured by a respective standard testing method.
• compositions and methods are described in terms of “comprising,” “containing,” or “including” various components or steps, the compositions and methods can also “consist essentially of or “consist of the various components and steps. All numbers and ranges disclosed above may vary by some amount whether accompanied by the term “about” or not. In particular, the phrase “from about a to about b” is equivalent to the phrase “from approximately a to b," or a similar form thereof. Also, the terms in the claims have their plain, ordinary meaning unless otherwise explicitly and clearly defined by the patentee. Moreover, the indefinite articles “a” or “an,” as used in the claims, are defined herein to mean one or more than one of the element that it introduces. If there is any conflict in the usages of a word or term in this specification and one or more patent or other documents that may be incorporated herein by reference, the definitions that are consistent with this specification should be adopted.

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• 2014
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