Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
  • F02G1/06—Controlling
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
  • F02G1/04—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
  • F02G1/043—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F02G2243/00—Stirling type engines having closed regenerative thermodynamic cycles with flow controlled by volume changes
  • F02G2243/02—Stirling type engines having closed regenerative thermodynamic cycles with flow controlled by volume changes having pistons and displacers in the same cylinder
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F02G2270/00—Constructional features
  • F02G2270/30—Displacer assemblies
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F02G2270/00—Constructional features
  • F02G2270/40—Piston assemblies

Definitions

• the technical sector of the present invention is that of external combustion engines also designated by hot air motor.
• Patent FR-2354452 filed in 1977 illustrates the operating principle of a Stirling type engine equipped with a regenerator.
• the engine includes a burner performing a combustion outside the cylinder.
• a displacer, also designated by sweeper, is arranged in the chamber defined by the piston and the cylinder to force the flow of gaseous fluid between the hot and cold sources.
• Stirling type An advantage of engines, Stirling type is that the maintenance and implementation of the engine are facilitated in particular through a combustion performed outside the cylinder. Moreover, their ability to use multiple fuels and their theoretical efficiency make Stirling engines first-rate tools given the growing need to produce electricity at lower cost and impact the environment as little as possible. Stirling-type engines do not require relaxation in the atmosphere, they are particularly quiet and produce little vibration which is therefore easy to balance.
• the present invention aims to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art by providing an external combustion engine whose structure allows better performance.
• an external combustion engine comprising at least: a cylinder having a closed end a piston movable in the cylinder delimiting a chamber filled with a gaseous fluid,
• the piston consists of at least one base sliding in the cylinder in a sealed manner, a displacer loosely sliding in the cylinder and a drive shaft of the displacer by the base.
• the cylinder is constituted by at least a first portion extended by a second portion itself extended by a third portion constituting the closed end of the cylinder, the heater acting on the second portion of the cylinder and said cooler acting on the first and / or third portion of the cylinder, the shaft and the displacer being dimensioned so as to define around the shaft a working space coming into the second portion of the cylinder when the piston is in said second position and so that the displacer comes in the same second portion when the piston is in said first position.
• two coolers and the heater act on the three successive portions of the cylinder.
• each heater defines an annular heating space around the cylinder and each cooler defines at least one annular cooling space around the cylinder.
• the engine comprises at least one duct for circulating the gaseous fluid outside the cylinder and connecting the second portion to the third portion of the cylinder.
• a part said circulation duct connected to the second portion is arranged along the cylinder so as to be heated by the heater and another part of said circulation duct connected to the third portion of the cylinder is arranged along the cylinder so as to be cooled by the cooler.
• the engine comprises a control system for each cooler and / or each heater as a function of at least one pressure measured inside the third portion of the cylinder and / or the second portion of the cylinder.
• the mechanism for controlling the movement in translation of the piston comprises a rod integral with the piston and secured to a projecting abutment cooperating on the one hand with a first resilient retaining member in said first position of the piston. piston and secondly with a second elastic retaining member in said second position of the piston.
• each elastic retaining member comprising at least:
• each jaw has a beveled edge gently sloping retraction and an acute beveled edge exerting an elastic retention of the stop to a determined release force.
• the cylinder has a rounded profile at its closed end, the displacer having a profile corresponding to its free end.
• the engine comprises a plurality of cylinders and a plurality of pistons, said heater and coolers acting on these cylinders which each receive one of the pistons, the pistons being enslaved in translation by said mechanism enslavement.
• Another object of the present invention relates to a cogeneration boiler producing electricity by means of a motor according to the invention for driving at least one core relative to at least one current-generating coil.
• a first advantage is that the structure of the engine according to the invention is simplified. Its implementation is thus facilitated and its rustic mechanism gives it a high reliability and a long service life.
• Another advantage of the engine according to the present invention lies in the fact that its structure allows a precise adjustment of its thermal cycle in particular to improve its performance. Its structure thus makes it possible to regulate the maximum pressure of the isochoric heating or the minimum pressure of the isochoric cooling.
• Another advantage of the engine according to the invention is that it can be easily adapted according to the needs for different applications.
• FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal sectional view of a piston in maximum expansion position in its cylinder
• FIG. 2 shows a longitudinal sectional view of the same piston in the maximum compression position in its cylinder
• FIG. 3 shows a schematic view of an engine according to the invention
• FIG. 4 schematically shows a two-cylinder engine according to the invention
• FIG. 5 schematically shows a cogeneration boiler using an engine according to the invention
• FIG. 6 and 7 each show a sectional view of a servo mechanism of the translational movement of a piston in its cylinder;
• FIG. 8 shows a longitudinal sectional view of an engine according to the invention wherein the piston is not shown.
• Figure 1 shows a longitudinal sectional view of a piston 2 movable in translation in a cylinder 3.
• the cylinder forms a closed housing at its end 3c.
• the cylinder further comprises a base 10 which slides in a sealed manner in the cylinder 3.
• the cylinder 3 and the piston 2 delimit a chamber disposed inside the cylinder 3.
• This chamber is filled with a gaseous fluid such as for example nitrogen, helium or air.
• the chamber is divided into three parts 6a, 6b and 6c communicating with each other.
• the piston 2 comprises a displacer 11 which slides loosely in the cylinder 3.
• the chamber comprises a median portion 6b, of constant volume, disposed around the displacer 11.
• the gaseous fluid can flow between the displacer 11 and the cylinder.
• the piston further comprises a shaft 12 connecting its base 10 to its displacer 11.
• the base 10 thus drives the shaft 12 and the displacer 11 in translation.
• the shaft 12 is secured on one side to the base 10 and on the other hand the displacer 11.
• Another part 6a of the chamber is delimited between the lateral surfaces S30 and S31 of the base 10 and the displacer 12, the external surface S32 of the shaft 12 and the surface internal cylinder 3.
• This part 6a of the chamber forms a working space of constant volume and movable relative to the cylinder.
• the cylinder 3 has a profile at its closed end
• the piston is in a maximum expansion position of the chamber and its portion 6c defined in front of the piston is also maximum.
• the cylinder comprises three portions: a front portion 3c delimiting the closed end of the cylinder 3, a median portion 3b and a rear portion 3a.
• a heater 4 is disposed around the median portion 3b of the cylinder 3.
• the heater 4 defines an annular heating space 14 around the cylinder.
• An insulating material 33 disposed on the side walls 34 and 35 of the heater and on its outer wall 36 directs the heat transfer to the inside of the cylinder.
• the heater disposed against the median portion 3b of the cylinder 3 is used to heat the gaseous fluid mainly inside the cylinder vis-à-vis the median portion 3b, that is to say vis-à-vis the heater.
• a coating of the piston made of a thermally insulating material makes it possible to define separate heating or cooling spaces inside the cylinder.
• the heating fluid in the heater may be water, air or other heated fluid. This heating fluid provides heat energy but another heat source can also be used to heat this portion 3b of the cylinder.
• coolers 5a and 5b are arranged on either side of the heater 4.
• the cooler 5a disposed against the rear portion 3a of the cylinder defines an annular cooling space 15a against the outer wall of the rear portion 3a.
• the cooler 5b disposed against the front portion 3c of the cylinder defines an annular space 15b extended by a space 15c surrounding the end of the cylinder.
• Cooling fluids in each cooler may be water or air or other cooled fluid. This cooling fluid makes it possible to capture mainly the caloric energy of the gaseous fluid by vis-à-vis the walls of the rear portion 3a or respectively of the front portion 3c of the cylinder.
• a cooling fluid is used, but it is also possible to directly cool the rear portions 3a and 3c before the cylinder, for example with cooling fins directly attached to the cylinder.
• the coating of the piston made of a thermally insulating material is advantageously used to define the separate heating or cooling spaces inside the cylinder.
• the piston 2 in its maximum expansion position is positioned with the working space 6a disposed around the shaft 12 in a cooling position vis-à-vis the rear portion 3a of the cylinder cooled by the cooler 5a.
• the cooling of this workspace 6a is thus maximum.
• the displacer 11 is disposed with its cylindrical portion vis-à-vis the heater 4. Only the gaseous fluid disposed between the displacer 11 and the portion 3b of the cylinder is then heated. The heating of the gaseous fluid by the heater 4 is thus minimum.
• the working space 6a disposed around the shaft 12 comes opposite the middle portion 3b of the cylinder heated by the heater 4.
• the warming of the working space 6a is maximum.
• the length of the shaft 12 corresponds to the length of the central portion 3b of the cylinder.
• the diameter of the shaft 12 is chosen as a function of the inside diameter of the cylinder to make a working space of determined volume.
• the displacer is of length corresponding to the front portion 3c of the cylinder.
• the profile of the displacer corresponding to that of the end portion 3c of the cylinder is extended by a cylindrical portion connected to the shaft and of greater diameter than the latter.
• the diameter of this cylindrical portion of the displacer is selected to allow pressure transmission between the two parts of the chamber on either side of the displacer.
• the diameter may also be chosen to allow a determined flow of the gaseous fluid, especially when the engine does not include a regenerator.
• the length of the cylindrical portion of the displacer 11 substantially corresponds to the length of the central portion 3b of the cylinder.
• the rear portion 3a of the cylinder 3 cooled by the cooler 5a is chosen to be greater than or equal to that of the working space 6a. So the whole the working space 6a is disposed opposite this cooler 5a when the piston is in the maximum expansion position of the chamber.
• the coating of the piston defines for example the outer cylindrical surface S32 of the shaft 12, an annular face S30 of the base 10 and the entire outer surface of the displacer 11 so as to limit the heat exchange.
• the piston can be made hollow. An internal slot can then be used to have communication lines with sensors. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, sensors 37, 38 and 39 may be arranged in piston 2 and in cylinder 3. These sensors may be of the type of temperature sensor or pressure sensor.
• a sensor 37 is flush with the surface of the shaft 12 and opens on the other hand inside the hollow piston.
• Another sensor 38 is flush with the end of the piston and opens into the piston.
• Another sensor 39 is flush inside the closed end 3c of the cylinder and also opens out of the cylinder.
• FIG. 3 schematically shows a motor comprising a piston similar to that of FIGS. 1 and 2, the translational movement of which depends on the position of a steering wheel 40.
• the inertia of the steering wheel 40 makes it possible to attenuate the variations in its movement. rotation.
• the wheel 40 is movable relative to the cylinder 3, around an axis 41.
• a connecting rod 42 is articulated on the one hand with the flywheel 40 and on the other hand with the base 10 of the piston.
• the wheel 40 may be circular or oval or have a particular profile to control the translational movement of the piston in the cylinder.
• the heating causes an increase in pressure tending to increase the volume of the chamber and thus tending to push the piston towards the outside of the cylinder.
• cooling causes a decrease in pressure tending to reduce the volume of the chamber and thus tending to pull the piston inside the cylinder.
• the heater 4 and the coolers 5a and 5b thus act on the chamber in the cylinder 3 to move the piston 2 between its first position corresponding to a maximum expansion of the chamber and its second position corresponding to a maximum compression of the chamber.
• a piston has for example a base diameter between 100mm and 150mm.
• the stroke of the piston is for example between 80mm and 130mm, the length of the middle portion 3b of the cylinder being chosen to be of the same length as the stroke of the piston.
• the diameter of the shaft 12 is for example between 10mm and 40mm.
• the heater generates for example a temperature between 350 ° C and 650 ° C.
• the hot source is chosen to be less than 700 ° C. for reasons of costs of the materials of manufacture. For temperatures above 700 ° C, relatively expensive materials are needed.
• the coolers have, for example, a maximum functional temperature of between 40 ° C. and 50 ° C.
• the coolers have for example a temperature corresponding to the ambient air temperature and can remain functional at different temperatures.
• the control modules 44 and 46 of the chillers 5a and 5b regulate, for example, the speed of rotation of fans that promote the circulation of ambient air around the chillers.
• the coolers comprise for example cooling fins allowing them to dissipate the heat captured from the cylinder.
• the control module 45 of the heater 4 for example regulates a fuel injector.
• the more or less amount of fuel burned can generate more or less heat for the heating fluid.
• the control system 43 for example sends control signals S46, S47 and S48 to the control modules 44, 45 and 46 of the heater 4 and the chillers 5a and 5b as a function of signals S49, S50 and S51 transmitted by the sensors installed in engine.
• the control system 43 can thus adapting the cooling or the heating depending in particular on the ambient temperature for a cooler using the ambient air. For example, the temperature of the hot source is increased if the minimum temperature of the gaseous fluid is increased during cooling.
• To promote the return of the piston in its second position can also adjust a vacuum in the chamber in the second position at room temperature, when the temperature of the cooler is the ambient temperature.
• the depression in the chamber corresponds to a pressure lower than that of the ambient air.
• FIG. 4 shows a motor 1b comprising a flywheel 40 connected by connecting rods 42 with two pistons 2. These pistons each moving in a cylinder 3 and actuated by coolers 5a and 5b and a heater 4. Springs 71 favor the return of the pistons 2 to their position of maximum compression of the chamber.
• FIG. 5 shows schematically a boiler 52 cogeneration using a motor 1 according to the invention.
• a water circuit 53 communicates with a coil 54 for heating the water. The heated water then passes into the heater 4 of the engine and then returns to the water circuit 53.
• the heater can also be fed with hot gases produced by the burner of a boiler, which hot gases are then used to heat the coil of a boiler. water circuit.
• the cylinder 2 is movable in translation in the cylinder 3, its translational movement being controlled by a stop 22 cooperating with an elastic retaining member 23 in the maximum expansion position and a resilient retaining member 24 in the maximum compression position.
• a rod 54 secured to the piston is movable in translation in a coil 55.
• This rod 54 is also secured to a magnet core 56.
• the coil 55 generates a current supplying a member 57 for storing and supplying power. 'electricity.
• This organ 57 power supply allows for example to supply an electronic control circuit of the boiler. The electricity produced can also be used for domestic use or resold.
• Figures 6 and 7 show a mechanism for controlling the movements in translation of the piston comprising a stop cooperating with resilient retaining members.
• the servo mechanism 20 of the translational movement of the piston 2 comprises a rod 21 secured to the piston 2 and integral with an abutment 22 projecting from the rod.
• the abutment 22 is in the form of a sphere comprising a threaded hole in its middle.
• a nut 66 screwed onto the threaded end of the rod 21 makes it possible to fix the stop 22 to the rod 21.
• the servo mechanism 20 further comprises a conical casing 67 integral with the cylinder 3.
• the conical casing 67 comprises a large diameter edge attached to the cylinder 3 and a small diameter edge advanced inside the cylinder 3.
• the edge of small diameter is attached to a sleeve 68.
• This sleeve 68 is integral with the cylinder 3 and comprises an inner channel in which the stop 22 can move in a translational movement.
• Jaws 25a and 25b are mounted in housings 70a and 70b of the sleeve 68. These jaws are movable about their axis 26a and 26b fixed to the sleeve 68. Each jaw 25a and 25b has a rim 28a or 28b beveled gently sloping retraction and an edge 29a or 29b bevelled acute slope so as to exert resilient retention of the abutment 22. These beveled edges protrude inside the sleeve channel 68.
• each jaw comprises a notch, referenced 64 or 65, protruding outside the sleeve on which a spring, referenced 60 or 63, exerts a restoring force.
• the force exerted by each spring 60 or 63 tends to drive each jaw protruding inwardly of the sleeve 68.
• a jaw or a plurality of jaws may be used to achieve each lock.
• Three jaws 25a are for example used for locking the piston in its first position and three jaws 25b are for example used for locking the piston in its second position.
• Each spring 60 or 63 is supported on one side on the jaw (s) 25a or 52b and on the other on a ring 61 or 62 screwed on the sleeve 68.
• Figure 8 shows a motor according to the invention.
• the cylinder comprises a rear portion 3a, a median portion 3b and a front portion 3c.
• the rear and front portions 3a and 3c are cooled by coolers 5a and 5b.
• the median portion 3b is heated by a heater 4.
• Gases 17, 18 and 19 for the circulation of the gaseous fluid are arranged outside the cylinder 3 and connect the median portion 3b to the front portion 3c of the cylinder 3. These circulation ducts facilitate the circulation of the gaseous fluid during the displacement of the piston. So the diameter of mover can be especially increased.
• Part 17a, 18a and 19a of each circulation duct connected to the median portion 3b is disposed along the cylinder and inside the space 14 comprising the heating fluid. These parts 17a, 18a and 19a are thus heated by the heater 4.
• a portion of the fluid introduced into the working space to the piston shaft is already heated, which facilitates the rise in temperature.
• each circulation duct connected to the front portion 3c of the cylinder 3 is disposed along the cylinder and inside the space, referenced 15b and 15c, including the cooling fluid.
• These parts 17b, 18b and 19b are thus cooled by the cooler 5b.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
• Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (2)

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ID=50424545

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (3)

Families Citing this family (2)

Family Cites Families (4)

• 2014
  • 2014-01-27 FR FR1400185A patent/FR3016927B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2015
  • 2015-01-07 EP EP15704035.3A patent/EP3099919B1/de active Active
  • 2015-01-07 WO PCT/FR2015/000002 patent/WO2015110726A1/fr active Application Filing

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