EP3099919A1 - External combustion engine - Google Patents

External combustion engine

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Publication number
EP3099919A1
EP3099919A1 EP15704035.3A EP15704035A EP3099919A1 EP 3099919 A1 EP3099919 A1 EP 3099919A1 EP 15704035 A EP15704035 A EP 15704035A EP 3099919 A1 EP3099919 A1 EP 3099919A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cylinder
piston
heater
chamber
motor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP15704035.3A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3099919B1 (en
Inventor
Alain De Larminat
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP3099919A1 publication Critical patent/EP3099919A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3099919B1 publication Critical patent/EP3099919B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
    • F02G1/06—Controlling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
    • F02G1/04—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
    • F02G1/043—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G2243/00—Stirling type engines having closed regenerative thermodynamic cycles with flow controlled by volume changes
    • F02G2243/02—Stirling type engines having closed regenerative thermodynamic cycles with flow controlled by volume changes having pistons and displacers in the same cylinder
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G2270/00—Constructional features
    • F02G2270/30—Displacer assemblies
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G2270/00—Constructional features
    • F02G2270/40—Piston assemblies

Definitions

  • the technical sector of the present invention is that of external combustion engines also designated by hot air motor.
  • Patent FR-2354452 filed in 1977 illustrates the operating principle of a Stirling type engine equipped with a regenerator.
  • the engine includes a burner performing a combustion outside the cylinder.
  • a displacer, also designated by sweeper, is arranged in the chamber defined by the piston and the cylinder to force the flow of gaseous fluid between the hot and cold sources.
  • Stirling type An advantage of engines, Stirling type is that the maintenance and implementation of the engine are facilitated in particular through a combustion performed outside the cylinder. Moreover, their ability to use multiple fuels and their theoretical efficiency make Stirling engines first-rate tools given the growing need to produce electricity at lower cost and impact the environment as little as possible. Stirling-type engines do not require relaxation in the atmosphere, they are particularly quiet and produce little vibration which is therefore easy to balance.
  • the present invention aims to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art by providing an external combustion engine whose structure allows better performance.
  • an external combustion engine comprising at least: a cylinder having a closed end a piston movable in the cylinder delimiting a chamber filled with a gaseous fluid,
  • the piston consists of at least one base sliding in the cylinder in a sealed manner, a displacer loosely sliding in the cylinder and a drive shaft of the displacer by the base.
  • the cylinder is constituted by at least a first portion extended by a second portion itself extended by a third portion constituting the closed end of the cylinder, the heater acting on the second portion of the cylinder and said cooler acting on the first and / or third portion of the cylinder, the shaft and the displacer being dimensioned so as to define around the shaft a working space coming into the second portion of the cylinder when the piston is in said second position and so that the displacer comes in the same second portion when the piston is in said first position.
  • two coolers and the heater act on the three successive portions of the cylinder.
  • each heater defines an annular heating space around the cylinder and each cooler defines at least one annular cooling space around the cylinder.
  • the engine comprises at least one duct for circulating the gaseous fluid outside the cylinder and connecting the second portion to the third portion of the cylinder.
  • a part said circulation duct connected to the second portion is arranged along the cylinder so as to be heated by the heater and another part of said circulation duct connected to the third portion of the cylinder is arranged along the cylinder so as to be cooled by the cooler.
  • the engine comprises a control system for each cooler and / or each heater as a function of at least one pressure measured inside the third portion of the cylinder and / or the second portion of the cylinder.
  • the mechanism for controlling the movement in translation of the piston comprises a rod integral with the piston and secured to a projecting abutment cooperating on the one hand with a first resilient retaining member in said first position of the piston. piston and secondly with a second elastic retaining member in said second position of the piston.
  • each elastic retaining member comprising at least:
  • each jaw has a beveled edge gently sloping retraction and an acute beveled edge exerting an elastic retention of the stop to a determined release force.
  • the cylinder has a rounded profile at its closed end, the displacer having a profile corresponding to its free end.
  • the engine comprises a plurality of cylinders and a plurality of pistons, said heater and coolers acting on these cylinders which each receive one of the pistons, the pistons being enslaved in translation by said mechanism enslavement.
  • Another object of the present invention relates to a cogeneration boiler producing electricity by means of a motor according to the invention for driving at least one core relative to at least one current-generating coil.
  • a first advantage is that the structure of the engine according to the invention is simplified. Its implementation is thus facilitated and its rustic mechanism gives it a high reliability and a long service life.
  • Another advantage of the engine according to the present invention lies in the fact that its structure allows a precise adjustment of its thermal cycle in particular to improve its performance. Its structure thus makes it possible to regulate the maximum pressure of the isochoric heating or the minimum pressure of the isochoric cooling.
  • Another advantage of the engine according to the invention is that it can be easily adapted according to the needs for different applications.
  • FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal sectional view of a piston in maximum expansion position in its cylinder
  • FIG. 2 shows a longitudinal sectional view of the same piston in the maximum compression position in its cylinder
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic view of an engine according to the invention
  • FIG. 4 schematically shows a two-cylinder engine according to the invention
  • FIG. 5 schematically shows a cogeneration boiler using an engine according to the invention
  • FIG. 6 and 7 each show a sectional view of a servo mechanism of the translational movement of a piston in its cylinder;
  • FIG. 8 shows a longitudinal sectional view of an engine according to the invention wherein the piston is not shown.
  • Figure 1 shows a longitudinal sectional view of a piston 2 movable in translation in a cylinder 3.
  • the cylinder forms a closed housing at its end 3c.
  • the cylinder further comprises a base 10 which slides in a sealed manner in the cylinder 3.
  • the cylinder 3 and the piston 2 delimit a chamber disposed inside the cylinder 3.
  • This chamber is filled with a gaseous fluid such as for example nitrogen, helium or air.
  • the chamber is divided into three parts 6a, 6b and 6c communicating with each other.
  • the piston 2 comprises a displacer 11 which slides loosely in the cylinder 3.
  • the chamber comprises a median portion 6b, of constant volume, disposed around the displacer 11.
  • the gaseous fluid can flow between the displacer 11 and the cylinder.
  • the piston further comprises a shaft 12 connecting its base 10 to its displacer 11.
  • the base 10 thus drives the shaft 12 and the displacer 11 in translation.
  • the shaft 12 is secured on one side to the base 10 and on the other hand the displacer 11.
  • Another part 6a of the chamber is delimited between the lateral surfaces S30 and S31 of the base 10 and the displacer 12, the external surface S32 of the shaft 12 and the surface internal cylinder 3.
  • This part 6a of the chamber forms a working space of constant volume and movable relative to the cylinder.
  • the cylinder 3 has a profile at its closed end
  • the piston is in a maximum expansion position of the chamber and its portion 6c defined in front of the piston is also maximum.
  • the cylinder comprises three portions: a front portion 3c delimiting the closed end of the cylinder 3, a median portion 3b and a rear portion 3a.
  • a heater 4 is disposed around the median portion 3b of the cylinder 3.
  • the heater 4 defines an annular heating space 14 around the cylinder.
  • An insulating material 33 disposed on the side walls 34 and 35 of the heater and on its outer wall 36 directs the heat transfer to the inside of the cylinder.
  • the heater disposed against the median portion 3b of the cylinder 3 is used to heat the gaseous fluid mainly inside the cylinder vis-à-vis the median portion 3b, that is to say vis-à-vis the heater.
  • a coating of the piston made of a thermally insulating material makes it possible to define separate heating or cooling spaces inside the cylinder.
  • the heating fluid in the heater may be water, air or other heated fluid. This heating fluid provides heat energy but another heat source can also be used to heat this portion 3b of the cylinder.
  • coolers 5a and 5b are arranged on either side of the heater 4.
  • the cooler 5a disposed against the rear portion 3a of the cylinder defines an annular cooling space 15a against the outer wall of the rear portion 3a.
  • the cooler 5b disposed against the front portion 3c of the cylinder defines an annular space 15b extended by a space 15c surrounding the end of the cylinder.
  • Cooling fluids in each cooler may be water or air or other cooled fluid. This cooling fluid makes it possible to capture mainly the caloric energy of the gaseous fluid by vis-à-vis the walls of the rear portion 3a or respectively of the front portion 3c of the cylinder.
  • a cooling fluid is used, but it is also possible to directly cool the rear portions 3a and 3c before the cylinder, for example with cooling fins directly attached to the cylinder.
  • the coating of the piston made of a thermally insulating material is advantageously used to define the separate heating or cooling spaces inside the cylinder.
  • the piston 2 in its maximum expansion position is positioned with the working space 6a disposed around the shaft 12 in a cooling position vis-à-vis the rear portion 3a of the cylinder cooled by the cooler 5a.
  • the cooling of this workspace 6a is thus maximum.
  • the displacer 11 is disposed with its cylindrical portion vis-à-vis the heater 4. Only the gaseous fluid disposed between the displacer 11 and the portion 3b of the cylinder is then heated. The heating of the gaseous fluid by the heater 4 is thus minimum.
  • the working space 6a disposed around the shaft 12 comes opposite the middle portion 3b of the cylinder heated by the heater 4.
  • the warming of the working space 6a is maximum.
  • the length of the shaft 12 corresponds to the length of the central portion 3b of the cylinder.
  • the diameter of the shaft 12 is chosen as a function of the inside diameter of the cylinder to make a working space of determined volume.
  • the displacer is of length corresponding to the front portion 3c of the cylinder.
  • the profile of the displacer corresponding to that of the end portion 3c of the cylinder is extended by a cylindrical portion connected to the shaft and of greater diameter than the latter.
  • the diameter of this cylindrical portion of the displacer is selected to allow pressure transmission between the two parts of the chamber on either side of the displacer.
  • the diameter may also be chosen to allow a determined flow of the gaseous fluid, especially when the engine does not include a regenerator.
  • the length of the cylindrical portion of the displacer 11 substantially corresponds to the length of the central portion 3b of the cylinder.
  • the rear portion 3a of the cylinder 3 cooled by the cooler 5a is chosen to be greater than or equal to that of the working space 6a. So the whole the working space 6a is disposed opposite this cooler 5a when the piston is in the maximum expansion position of the chamber.
  • the coating of the piston defines for example the outer cylindrical surface S32 of the shaft 12, an annular face S30 of the base 10 and the entire outer surface of the displacer 11 so as to limit the heat exchange.
  • the piston can be made hollow. An internal slot can then be used to have communication lines with sensors. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, sensors 37, 38 and 39 may be arranged in piston 2 and in cylinder 3. These sensors may be of the type of temperature sensor or pressure sensor.
  • a sensor 37 is flush with the surface of the shaft 12 and opens on the other hand inside the hollow piston.
  • Another sensor 38 is flush with the end of the piston and opens into the piston.
  • Another sensor 39 is flush inside the closed end 3c of the cylinder and also opens out of the cylinder.
  • FIG. 3 schematically shows a motor comprising a piston similar to that of FIGS. 1 and 2, the translational movement of which depends on the position of a steering wheel 40.
  • the inertia of the steering wheel 40 makes it possible to attenuate the variations in its movement. rotation.
  • the wheel 40 is movable relative to the cylinder 3, around an axis 41.
  • a connecting rod 42 is articulated on the one hand with the flywheel 40 and on the other hand with the base 10 of the piston.
  • the wheel 40 may be circular or oval or have a particular profile to control the translational movement of the piston in the cylinder.
  • the heating causes an increase in pressure tending to increase the volume of the chamber and thus tending to push the piston towards the outside of the cylinder.
  • cooling causes a decrease in pressure tending to reduce the volume of the chamber and thus tending to pull the piston inside the cylinder.
  • the heater 4 and the coolers 5a and 5b thus act on the chamber in the cylinder 3 to move the piston 2 between its first position corresponding to a maximum expansion of the chamber and its second position corresponding to a maximum compression of the chamber.
  • a piston has for example a base diameter between 100mm and 150mm.
  • the stroke of the piston is for example between 80mm and 130mm, the length of the middle portion 3b of the cylinder being chosen to be of the same length as the stroke of the piston.
  • the diameter of the shaft 12 is for example between 10mm and 40mm.
  • the heater generates for example a temperature between 350 ° C and 650 ° C.
  • the hot source is chosen to be less than 700 ° C. for reasons of costs of the materials of manufacture. For temperatures above 700 ° C, relatively expensive materials are needed.
  • the coolers have, for example, a maximum functional temperature of between 40 ° C. and 50 ° C.
  • the coolers have for example a temperature corresponding to the ambient air temperature and can remain functional at different temperatures.
  • the control modules 44 and 46 of the chillers 5a and 5b regulate, for example, the speed of rotation of fans that promote the circulation of ambient air around the chillers.
  • the coolers comprise for example cooling fins allowing them to dissipate the heat captured from the cylinder.
  • the control module 45 of the heater 4 for example regulates a fuel injector.
  • the more or less amount of fuel burned can generate more or less heat for the heating fluid.
  • the control system 43 for example sends control signals S46, S47 and S48 to the control modules 44, 45 and 46 of the heater 4 and the chillers 5a and 5b as a function of signals S49, S50 and S51 transmitted by the sensors installed in engine.
  • the control system 43 can thus adapting the cooling or the heating depending in particular on the ambient temperature for a cooler using the ambient air. For example, the temperature of the hot source is increased if the minimum temperature of the gaseous fluid is increased during cooling.
  • To promote the return of the piston in its second position can also adjust a vacuum in the chamber in the second position at room temperature, when the temperature of the cooler is the ambient temperature.
  • the depression in the chamber corresponds to a pressure lower than that of the ambient air.
  • FIG. 4 shows a motor 1b comprising a flywheel 40 connected by connecting rods 42 with two pistons 2. These pistons each moving in a cylinder 3 and actuated by coolers 5a and 5b and a heater 4. Springs 71 favor the return of the pistons 2 to their position of maximum compression of the chamber.
  • FIG. 5 shows schematically a boiler 52 cogeneration using a motor 1 according to the invention.
  • a water circuit 53 communicates with a coil 54 for heating the water. The heated water then passes into the heater 4 of the engine and then returns to the water circuit 53.
  • the heater can also be fed with hot gases produced by the burner of a boiler, which hot gases are then used to heat the coil of a boiler. water circuit.
  • the cylinder 2 is movable in translation in the cylinder 3, its translational movement being controlled by a stop 22 cooperating with an elastic retaining member 23 in the maximum expansion position and a resilient retaining member 24 in the maximum compression position.
  • a rod 54 secured to the piston is movable in translation in a coil 55.
  • This rod 54 is also secured to a magnet core 56.
  • the coil 55 generates a current supplying a member 57 for storing and supplying power. 'electricity.
  • This organ 57 power supply allows for example to supply an electronic control circuit of the boiler. The electricity produced can also be used for domestic use or resold.
  • Figures 6 and 7 show a mechanism for controlling the movements in translation of the piston comprising a stop cooperating with resilient retaining members.
  • the servo mechanism 20 of the translational movement of the piston 2 comprises a rod 21 secured to the piston 2 and integral with an abutment 22 projecting from the rod.
  • the abutment 22 is in the form of a sphere comprising a threaded hole in its middle.
  • a nut 66 screwed onto the threaded end of the rod 21 makes it possible to fix the stop 22 to the rod 21.
  • the servo mechanism 20 further comprises a conical casing 67 integral with the cylinder 3.
  • the conical casing 67 comprises a large diameter edge attached to the cylinder 3 and a small diameter edge advanced inside the cylinder 3.
  • the edge of small diameter is attached to a sleeve 68.
  • This sleeve 68 is integral with the cylinder 3 and comprises an inner channel in which the stop 22 can move in a translational movement.
  • Jaws 25a and 25b are mounted in housings 70a and 70b of the sleeve 68. These jaws are movable about their axis 26a and 26b fixed to the sleeve 68. Each jaw 25a and 25b has a rim 28a or 28b beveled gently sloping retraction and an edge 29a or 29b bevelled acute slope so as to exert resilient retention of the abutment 22. These beveled edges protrude inside the sleeve channel 68.
  • each jaw comprises a notch, referenced 64 or 65, protruding outside the sleeve on which a spring, referenced 60 or 63, exerts a restoring force.
  • the force exerted by each spring 60 or 63 tends to drive each jaw protruding inwardly of the sleeve 68.
  • a jaw or a plurality of jaws may be used to achieve each lock.
  • Three jaws 25a are for example used for locking the piston in its first position and three jaws 25b are for example used for locking the piston in its second position.
  • Each spring 60 or 63 is supported on one side on the jaw (s) 25a or 52b and on the other on a ring 61 or 62 screwed on the sleeve 68.
  • Figure 8 shows a motor according to the invention.
  • the cylinder comprises a rear portion 3a, a median portion 3b and a front portion 3c.
  • the rear and front portions 3a and 3c are cooled by coolers 5a and 5b.
  • the median portion 3b is heated by a heater 4.
  • Gases 17, 18 and 19 for the circulation of the gaseous fluid are arranged outside the cylinder 3 and connect the median portion 3b to the front portion 3c of the cylinder 3. These circulation ducts facilitate the circulation of the gaseous fluid during the displacement of the piston. So the diameter of mover can be especially increased.
  • Part 17a, 18a and 19a of each circulation duct connected to the median portion 3b is disposed along the cylinder and inside the space 14 comprising the heating fluid. These parts 17a, 18a and 19a are thus heated by the heater 4.
  • a portion of the fluid introduced into the working space to the piston shaft is already heated, which facilitates the rise in temperature.
  • each circulation duct connected to the front portion 3c of the cylinder 3 is disposed along the cylinder and inside the space, referenced 15b and 15c, including the cooling fluid.
  • These parts 17b, 18b and 19b are thus cooled by the cooler 5b.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)

Abstract

The invention concerns an external combustion engine comprising at least: a cylinder (3) having one closed end (3c); a piston (2) that is movable inside the cylinder, defining a chamber (6a, 6b, 6c) filled with a gaseous fluid; at least one heater (4) and at least one cooler (5a or 5b) acting on the chamber in the cylinder (3) such as to move the movable piston (2) between a first maximum expansion position of the chamber and a second maximum compression position of the chamber; and a mechanism slaving the translational movement of the piston (2), characterised in that the piston (2) consists of at least a base (10) sliding sealingly in the cylinder (3), a mover (11) sliding non-sealingly in the cylinder (3), and a drive shaft (12) driving the mover (11) by the base (10).

Description

MOTEUR A COMBUSTION EXTERNE  EXTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
Le secteur technique de la présente invention est celui des moteurs à combustion externe également désignés par moteur à air chaud. The technical sector of the present invention is that of external combustion engines also designated by hot air motor.
Les moteurs à air chaud du type Stirling ont fait l'objet de nombreux développements. Le cycle théorique d'un moteur Stirling comprend un chauffage isochore suivi d'une détente isotherme, d'un refroidissement isochore et d'une compression isotherme.  Hot air engines of the Stirling type have been the subject of many developments. The theoretical cycle of a Stirling engine includes isochoric heating followed by isothermal expansion, isochoric cooling and isothermal compression.
Le brevet FR-2354452 déposé en 1977 illustre le principe de fonctionnement d'un moteur de type Stirling équipé d'un régénérateur. Le moteur comprend notamment un brûleur réalisant une combustion extérieure au cylindre. Un déplaceur, également désigné par balayeur, est aménagé dans la chambre délimitée par le piston et le cylindre pour forcer la circulation du fluide gazeux entre les sources chaude et froide .  Patent FR-2354452 filed in 1977 illustrates the operating principle of a Stirling type engine equipped with a regenerator. The engine includes a burner performing a combustion outside the cylinder. A displacer, also designated by sweeper, is arranged in the chamber defined by the piston and the cylinder to force the flow of gaseous fluid between the hot and cold sources.
Un avantage des moteurs, de type Stirling est que l'entretien ainsi que la mise en œuvre du moteur sont facilités notamment grâce à une combustion réalisée à l'extérieur du cylindre. Par ailleurs leur aptitude à utiliser de multiples carburants et leur rendement théorique avantageux font des moteurs Stirling des outils de premier ordre étant donné notamment le besoin croissant de produire de l'électricité à moindre coût et en impactant le moins possible l'environnement. Les moteurs de type Stirling ne nécessitant pas de détente dans l'atmosphère, ils sont particulièrement silencieux et produisent peu de vibrations qui sont donc faciles à équilibrer.  An advantage of engines, Stirling type is that the maintenance and implementation of the engine are facilitated in particular through a combustion performed outside the cylinder. Moreover, their ability to use multiple fuels and their theoretical efficiency make Stirling engines first-rate tools given the growing need to produce electricity at lower cost and impact the environment as little as possible. Stirling-type engines do not require relaxation in the atmosphere, they are particularly quiet and produce little vibration which is therefore easy to balance.
Un problème des moteurs de type Stirling est que leur rendement réel est très éloigné de leur rendement théorique. Des pertes de rendement sont dues notamment aux frottements mécaniques et aux pertes de chaleur.  A problem with Stirling engines is that their actual performance is far from their theoretical performance. Yield losses are due in particular to mechanical friction and heat loss.
La présente invention a pour but de pallier les inconvénients de l'art antérieur en fournissant un moteur à combustion externe dont la structure permet un meilleur rendement .  The present invention aims to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art by providing an external combustion engine whose structure allows better performance.
Cet objectif est atteint grâce à un moteur à combustion externe comprenant au moins : - un cylindre présentant une extrémité fermée un piston mobile dans le cylindre délimitant une chambre remplie par un fluide gazeux, This objective is achieved by an external combustion engine comprising at least: a cylinder having a closed end a piston movable in the cylinder delimiting a chamber filled with a gaseous fluid,
- au moins un réchauffeur et au moins un refroidisseur agissant sur la chambre dans le cylindre pour déplacer le piston mobile entre une première position d'expansion maximum de la chambre et une deuxième position de compression maximum de la chambre,  at least one heater and at least one cooler acting on the chamber in the cylinder to move the movable piston between a first maximum expansion position of the chamber and a second maximum compression position of the chamber,
- au moins un mécanisme d' asservissement du mouvement en translation du piston,  at least one mechanism for controlling the movement in translation of the piston,
caractérisé en ce que le piston est constitué d' au moins une base coulissant dans le cylindre de façon étanche, d'un, déplaceur coulissant de façon non étanche dans le cylindre et d'un arbre d'entraînement du déplaceur par la base.  characterized in that the piston consists of at least one base sliding in the cylinder in a sealed manner, a displacer loosely sliding in the cylinder and a drive shaft of the displacer by the base.
Selon une particularité de l'invention, le cylindre est constitué d'au moins une première portion prolongée par une deuxième portion elle-même prolongée par une troisième portion constituant l'extrémité fermée du cylindre, le réchauffeur agissant sur la deuxième portion du cylindre et ledit refroidisseur agissant sur la première et/ou la troisième portion du cylindre, l'arbre et le déplaceur étant dimensionnés de façon à délimiter autour de l'arbre un espace de travail venant dans la deuxième portion du cylindre lorsque le piston est dans ladite deuxième position et de façon à ce que le déplaceur vienne dans cette même deuxième portion lorsque le piston est dans ladite première position.  According to a feature of the invention, the cylinder is constituted by at least a first portion extended by a second portion itself extended by a third portion constituting the closed end of the cylinder, the heater acting on the second portion of the cylinder and said cooler acting on the first and / or third portion of the cylinder, the shaft and the displacer being dimensioned so as to define around the shaft a working space coming into the second portion of the cylinder when the piston is in said second position and so that the displacer comes in the same second portion when the piston is in said first position.
Selon une autre particularité de l'invention, deux refroidisseurs et le réchauffeur agissent sur les trois portions successives du cylindre.  According to another feature of the invention, two coolers and the heater act on the three successive portions of the cylinder.
Selon une autre particularité de l'invention, chaque réchauffeur délimite un espace annulaire de chauffage autour du cylindre et chaque refroidisseur délimite au moins un espace annulaire de refroidissement autour du cylindre.  According to another feature of the invention, each heater defines an annular heating space around the cylinder and each cooler defines at least one annular cooling space around the cylinder.
Selon une autre particularité de l'invention, le moteur comprend au moins un conduit de circulation du fluide gazeux extérieur au cylindre et reliant la deuxième portion à la troisième portion du cylindre.  According to another particularity of the invention, the engine comprises at least one duct for circulating the gaseous fluid outside the cylinder and connecting the second portion to the third portion of the cylinder.
Selon une autre particularité de l'invention, une partie dudit conduit de circulation reliée à la deuxième portion est disposée le long du cylindre de façon à être chauffée par le réchauffeur et une autre partie dudit conduit de circulation reliée à la troisième portion du cylindre est disposée le long du cylindre de façon à être refroidie par le refroidisseur . According to another particularity of the invention, a part said circulation duct connected to the second portion is arranged along the cylinder so as to be heated by the heater and another part of said circulation duct connected to the third portion of the cylinder is arranged along the cylinder so as to be cooled by the cooler.
Selon une autre particularité de l'invention, le moteur comprend un système de commande de chaque refroidisseur et/ou de chaque réchauffeur en fonction d'au moins une pression mesurée à l'intérieur de la troisième portion du cylindre et/ou de la deuxième portion du cylindre.  According to another particularity of the invention, the engine comprises a control system for each cooler and / or each heater as a function of at least one pressure measured inside the third portion of the cylinder and / or the second portion of the cylinder.
Selon une autre particularité de l' invention, le mécanisme d'asservissement du mouvement en translation du piston comprend une tige solidaire du piston et solidaire d'une butée saillante coopérant d'une part avec un premier organe de retenue élastique dans ladite première position du piston et d' autre part avec un deuxième organe de retenue élastique dans ladite deuxième position du piston.  According to another particularity of the invention, the mechanism for controlling the movement in translation of the piston comprises a rod integral with the piston and secured to a projecting abutment cooperating on the one hand with a first resilient retaining member in said first position of the piston. piston and secondly with a second elastic retaining member in said second position of the piston.
Selon une autre particularité de l'invention, la butée présente des surfaces de contact arrondies, chaque organe de retenue élastique comprenant au moins :  According to another particularity of the invention, the abutment has rounded contact surfaces, each elastic retaining member comprising at least:
- un axe solidaire du cylindre  an axis integral with the cylinder
- un mors mobile autour dudit axe,  a jaw movable around said axis,
- un organe de rappel élastique maintenant ledit mors en position saillante,  an elastic return member holding said jaw in a projecting position,
chaque mors présentant un bord biseauté en pente douce d'escamotage et un bord biseauté en pente aiguë exerçant une retenue élastique de la butée jusqu'à une force de libération déterminée .  each jaw has a beveled edge gently sloping retraction and an acute beveled edge exerting an elastic retention of the stop to a determined release force.
Selon une autre particularité de l'invention, le cylindre présente un profil arrondi à son extrémité fermée, le déplaceur présentant un profil correspondant à son extrémité libre.  According to another feature of the invention, the cylinder has a rounded profile at its closed end, the displacer having a profile corresponding to its free end.
Selon une autre particularité de l'invention, le moteur comprend une pluralité de cylindres et une pluralité de pistons, lesdits réchauffeur et refroidisseurs agissant sur ces cylindres qui reçoivent chacun un des pistons, les pistons étant asservis en translation par ledit mécanisme d' asservissement . According to another feature of the invention, the engine comprises a plurality of cylinders and a plurality of pistons, said heater and coolers acting on these cylinders which each receive one of the pistons, the pistons being enslaved in translation by said mechanism enslavement.
Un autre objet de la présente invention concerne une chaudière à cogénération produisant de l'électricité au moyen d'un moteur selon l'invention pour entraîner au moins un noyau par rapport à au moins une bobine génératrice de courant .  Another object of the present invention relates to a cogeneration boiler producing electricity by means of a motor according to the invention for driving at least one core relative to at least one current-generating coil.
Un tout premier avantage est que la structure du moteur selon l'invention est simplifiée. Sa mise en œuvre est ainsi facilitée et son mécanisme rustique lui confère une grande fiabilité et une durée de vie importante.  A first advantage is that the structure of the engine according to the invention is simplified. Its implementation is thus facilitated and its rustic mechanism gives it a high reliability and a long service life.
Un autre avantage du moteur selon la présente invention réside dans le fait que sa structure permet un réglage précis de son cycle thermique afin notamment d'améliorer son rendement. Sa structure permet ainsi de régler la pression maximale du chauffage isochore ou la pression minimale du refroidissement isochore.  Another advantage of the engine according to the present invention lies in the fact that its structure allows a precise adjustment of its thermal cycle in particular to improve its performance. Its structure thus makes it possible to regulate the maximum pressure of the isochoric heating or the minimum pressure of the isochoric cooling.
Un autre avantage du moteur selon l'invention est encore qu'il peut être facilement adapté en fonction des besoins pour différentes applications.  Another advantage of the engine according to the invention is that it can be easily adapted according to the needs for different applications.
D'autres caractéristiques, avantages et détails de l'invention seront mieux compris à la lecture du complément de description qui va suivre de modes de réalisation donnés à titre d' exemple en relation avec des dessins sur lesquels :  Other features, advantages and details of the invention will be better understood on reading the additional description which will follow of embodiments given by way of example in relation to drawings in which:
- la figure 1 représente une vue en coupe longitudinale d'un piston en position d'expansion maximum dans son cylindre ;  - Figure 1 shows a longitudinal sectional view of a piston in maximum expansion position in its cylinder;
- la figure 2 représente une vue en coupe longitudinale du même piston en position de compression maximum dans son cylindre ;  - Figure 2 shows a longitudinal sectional view of the same piston in the maximum compression position in its cylinder;
- la figure 3 représente une vue schématique d' un moteur selon l'invention ;  - Figure 3 shows a schematic view of an engine according to the invention;
- la figure 4 représente schématiquement un moteur à deux cylindres selon l'invention ;  - Figure 4 schematically shows a two-cylinder engine according to the invention;
- la figure 5 représente schématiquement une chaudière à cogénération utilisant un moteur selon l'invention ;  - Figure 5 schematically shows a cogeneration boiler using an engine according to the invention;
- les figures 6 et 7 représentent chacune une vue en coupe d'un mécanisme d'asservissement du mouvement en translation d'un piston dans son cylindre ; - la figure 8 représente une vue en coupe longitudinale d'un moteur selon l'invention dans lequel le piston n'est pas représenté . - Figures 6 and 7 each show a sectional view of a servo mechanism of the translational movement of a piston in its cylinder; - Figure 8 shows a longitudinal sectional view of an engine according to the invention wherein the piston is not shown.
L'invention va à présent être décrite avec davantage de détails. La figure 1 montre une vue en coupe longitudinale d'un piston 2 mobile en translation dans un cylindre 3. Le cylindre forme un logement fermé à son extrémité 3c. Le cylindre comprend par ailleurs une base 10 qui coulisse de façon étanche dans le cylindre 3. Ainsi le cylindre 3 et le piston 2 délimitent une chambre disposée à l'intérieur du cylindre 3. Cette chambre est remplie par un fluide gazeux tel que par exemple de l'azote, de l'hélium ou de l'air. La chambre se divise en trois parties 6a, 6b et 6c communiquant entre elles.  The invention will now be described in more detail. Figure 1 shows a longitudinal sectional view of a piston 2 movable in translation in a cylinder 3. The cylinder forms a closed housing at its end 3c. The cylinder further comprises a base 10 which slides in a sealed manner in the cylinder 3. Thus the cylinder 3 and the piston 2 delimit a chamber disposed inside the cylinder 3. This chamber is filled with a gaseous fluid such as for example nitrogen, helium or air. The chamber is divided into three parts 6a, 6b and 6c communicating with each other.
Le piston 2 comprend un déplaceur 11 qui coulisse de façon non étanche dans le cylindre 3. La chambre comprend une partie médiane 6b, de volume constant, disposée autour du déplaceur 11. Le fluide gazeux peut ainsi s'écouler entre le déplaceur 11 et le cylindre.  The piston 2 comprises a displacer 11 which slides loosely in the cylinder 3. The chamber comprises a median portion 6b, of constant volume, disposed around the displacer 11. The gaseous fluid can flow between the displacer 11 and the cylinder.
Le piston comprend par ailleurs un arbre 12 reliant sa base 10 à son déplaceur 11. La base 10 entraîne ainsi en translation l'arbre 12 et le déplaceur 11. Comme représenté à la figure 1 l'arbre 12 est solidarisé d'un côté à la base 10 et d'un autre côté au déplaceur 11. Une autre partie 6a de la chambre est délimitée entre les surfaces latérales S30 et S31 de la base 10 et du déplaceur 12, la surface externe S32 de l'arbre 12 et la surface interne du cylindre 3. Cette partie 6a de la chambre forme un espace de travail de volume constant et mobile par rapport au cylindre.  The piston further comprises a shaft 12 connecting its base 10 to its displacer 11. The base 10 thus drives the shaft 12 and the displacer 11 in translation. As shown in FIG. 1, the shaft 12 is secured on one side to the base 10 and on the other hand the displacer 11. Another part 6a of the chamber is delimited between the lateral surfaces S30 and S31 of the base 10 and the displacer 12, the external surface S32 of the shaft 12 and the surface internal cylinder 3. This part 6a of the chamber forms a working space of constant volume and movable relative to the cylinder.
Le cylindre 3 présente un profil à son extrémité fermée The cylinder 3 has a profile at its closed end
3c correspondant avec le profil de l'extrémité du déplaceur 11. L'extrémité libre du déplaceur présente notamment un profil hémisphérique correspondant avec le profil hémisphérique du cylindre. Une autre partie 6c de la chambre, de volume variable, est délimitée entre l'extrémité 3c du cylindre et l'extrémité du déplaceur 11. Cette dernière partie 6c de la chambre est quasiment nulle lorsque le piston 2 est complètement enfoncé dans le cylindre 3, comme représenté à la figure 2. Ainsi cette partie 6c de la chambre est minimum, voire quasiment nulle, lorsque le piston est dans une position de compression maximum de la chambre. 3c corresponding with the profile of the end of the displacer 11. The free end of the displacer has in particular a corresponding hemispherical profile with the hemispherical profile of the cylinder. Another part 6c of the chamber, of variable volume, is delimited between the end 3c of the cylinder and the end of the displacer 11. This last part 6c of the chamber is almost zero when the piston 2 is fully depressed in the cylinder 3 , as represented in FIG. 2. Thus this part 6c of the chamber is minimum, or almost nil, when the piston is in a position of maximum compression of the chamber.
Sur la figure 1, le piston est dans une position d'expansion maximum de la chambre et sa portion 6c délimitée en avant du piston est également maximum.  In Figure 1, the piston is in a maximum expansion position of the chamber and its portion 6c defined in front of the piston is also maximum.
Le cylindre comprend trois portions : une portion avant 3c délimitant l'extrémité fermée du cylindre 3, une portion médiane 3b et une portion arrière 3a.  The cylinder comprises three portions: a front portion 3c delimiting the closed end of the cylinder 3, a median portion 3b and a rear portion 3a.
Un réchauffeur 4 est disposé autour de la portion 3b médiane du cylindre 3. Le réchauffeur 4 délimite un espace annulaire de chauffage 14 autour du cylindre. Un matériau isolant 33 disposé sur les parois latérales 34 et 35 du réchauffeur et sur sa paroi externe 36 permet d'orienter les transferts de chaleur vers l'intérieur du cylindre. Le réchauffeur disposé contre la portion médiane 3b du cylindre 3 permet de réchauffer principalement le fluide gazeux à l'intérieur du cylindre en vis-à-vis de la portion médiane 3b, c'est-à-dire en vis-à-vis du réchauffeur. Un revêtement du piston réalisé dans un matériau thermiquement isolant permet de délimiter des espaces de chauffage ou de refroidissement séparés à l'intérieur du cylindre. Le fluide de chauffage dans le réchauffeur peut être de l'eau, de l'air ou un autre fluide chauffé. Ce fluide de chauffage fournit de l'énergie calorique mais une autre source de chaleur peut également être utilisée pour chauffer cette portion 3b du cylindre .  A heater 4 is disposed around the median portion 3b of the cylinder 3. The heater 4 defines an annular heating space 14 around the cylinder. An insulating material 33 disposed on the side walls 34 and 35 of the heater and on its outer wall 36 directs the heat transfer to the inside of the cylinder. The heater disposed against the median portion 3b of the cylinder 3 is used to heat the gaseous fluid mainly inside the cylinder vis-à-vis the median portion 3b, that is to say vis-à-vis the heater. A coating of the piston made of a thermally insulating material makes it possible to define separate heating or cooling spaces inside the cylinder. The heating fluid in the heater may be water, air or other heated fluid. This heating fluid provides heat energy but another heat source can also be used to heat this portion 3b of the cylinder.
Deux refroidisseurs 5a et 5b sont disposés de part et d'autre du réchauffeur 4. Le refroidisseur 5a disposé contre la portion arrière 3a du cylindre délimite un espace annulaire 15a de refroidissement venant contre la paroi extérieure la portion arrière 3a. Le refroidisseur 5b disposé contre la portion avant 3c du cylindre délimite un espace annulaire 15b prolongé par un espace 15c entourant l'extrémité du cylindre. Les fluides de refroidissement dans chaque refroidisseur peuvent être de l'eau ou de l'air ou un autre fluide refroidi. Ce fluide de refroidissement permet de capter principalement l'énergie calorique du fluide gazeux en vis-à-vis des parois de la portion arrière 3a ou respectivement de la portion avant 3c du cylindre. Un fluide de refroidissement est utilisé mais on peut aussi prévoir de refroidir directement les portions arrière 3a et avant 3c du cylindre, par exemple à l'aide d'ailettes de refroidissement directement fixées sur le cylindre. Two coolers 5a and 5b are arranged on either side of the heater 4. The cooler 5a disposed against the rear portion 3a of the cylinder defines an annular cooling space 15a against the outer wall of the rear portion 3a. The cooler 5b disposed against the front portion 3c of the cylinder defines an annular space 15b extended by a space 15c surrounding the end of the cylinder. Cooling fluids in each cooler may be water or air or other cooled fluid. This cooling fluid makes it possible to capture mainly the caloric energy of the gaseous fluid by vis-à-vis the walls of the rear portion 3a or respectively of the front portion 3c of the cylinder. A cooling fluid is used, but it is also possible to directly cool the rear portions 3a and 3c before the cylinder, for example with cooling fins directly attached to the cylinder.
Le revêtement du piston réalisé dans un matériau thermiquement isolant est avantageusement utilisé pour délimiter les espaces de chauffage ou de refroidissement séparés à l'intérieur du cylindre.  The coating of the piston made of a thermally insulating material is advantageously used to define the separate heating or cooling spaces inside the cylinder.
Comme représenté sur la figure 1, le piston 2 dans sa position d'expansion maximum se positionne avec l'espace 6a de travail disposé autour de l'arbre 12 dans une position de refroidissement en vis-à-vis de la portion arrière 3a du cylindre refroidie par le refroidisseur 5a. Le refroidissement de cet espace de travail 6a est ainsi maximum.  As shown in FIG. 1, the piston 2 in its maximum expansion position is positioned with the working space 6a disposed around the shaft 12 in a cooling position vis-à-vis the rear portion 3a of the cylinder cooled by the cooler 5a. The cooling of this workspace 6a is thus maximum.
Par ailleurs dans cette position d'expansion maximum, la partie 6c de la chambre délimitée entre le déplaceur 11 et l'extrémité 3c du cylindre est maximum. Le refroidissement du fluide gazeux par le refroidisseur 5b disposé à l'extrémité du cylindre est ainsi maximum.  Furthermore in this maximum expansion position, the portion 6c of the chamber defined between the displacer 11 and the end 3c of the cylinder is maximum. The cooling of the gaseous fluid by the cooler 5b disposed at the end of the cylinder is thus maximum.
Enfin dans cette même position d'expansion maximum, le déplaceur 11 est disposé avec sa portion cylindrique en vis- à-vis du réchauffeur 4. Seul le fluide gazeux disposé entre le déplaceur 11 et la portion 3b du cylindre est alors chauffé. Le réchauffement du fluide gazeux par le réchauffeur 4 est ainsi minimum.  Finally, in this same position of maximum expansion, the displacer 11 is disposed with its cylindrical portion vis-à-vis the heater 4. Only the gaseous fluid disposed between the displacer 11 and the portion 3b of the cylinder is then heated. The heating of the gaseous fluid by the heater 4 is thus minimum.
Sur la figure 2 où le piston 2 est dans une position de compression maximum de la chambre, le déplaceur 11 occupe sensiblement tout l'espace dans la portion avant 3c du cylindre. Seul le fluide gazeux présent entre le déplaceur et la paroi de l'extrémité 3c fermée du cylindre est refroidi par le refroidisseur 5b. Le refroidissement du fluide gazeux par le refroidisseur 5b est alors minimum.  In Figure 2 where the piston 2 is in a position of maximum compression of the chamber, the displacer 11 occupies substantially all the space in the front portion 3c of the cylinder. Only the gaseous fluid present between the displacer and the wall of the closed end 3c of the cylinder is cooled by the cooler 5b. The cooling of the gaseous fluid by the cooler 5b is then minimum.
Par ailleurs dans cette position de compression maximum de la chambre, l'espace de travail 6a disposé autour de l'arbre 12 vient en vis-à-vis de la portion médiane 3b du cylindre réchauffée par le réchauffeur 4. Ainsi le réchauffement de l'espace de travail 6a est maximum. Moreover, in this position of maximum compression of the chamber, the working space 6a disposed around the shaft 12 comes opposite the middle portion 3b of the cylinder heated by the heater 4. Thus the warming of the working space 6a is maximum.
Enfin dans cette position de compression maximum de la chambre, la base 10 du piston est enfoncée dans le cylindre et vient en vis-à-vis de la portion arrière 3a jusqu'à la limite avec la portion médiane 3b du cylindre. Ainsi l'action du refroidisseur 5a agissant sur la portion arrière 3a est minimisée .  Finally in this position of maximum compression of the chamber, the base 10 of the piston is pressed into the cylinder and comes opposite the rear portion 3a to the limit with the central portion 3b of the cylinder. Thus the action of the cooler 5a acting on the rear portion 3a is minimized.
En conséquence, dans la première position du piston correspondant à l'expansion maximum de la chambre, le réchauffement du fluide gazeux est minimum tandis que son refroidissement est maximum. Par ailleurs, dans la deuxième position du piston correspondant à la compression maximum de la chambre, le refroidissement du fluide gazeux est minimum tandis que son réchauffement est maximum.  Consequently, in the first position of the piston corresponding to the maximum expansion of the chamber, the heating of the gaseous fluid is minimum while its cooling is maximum. Moreover, in the second position of the piston corresponding to the maximum compression of the chamber, the cooling of the gaseous fluid is minimum while its heating is maximum.
La longueur de l'arbre 12 correspond à la longueur de la portion médiane 3b du cylindre. Le diamètre de l'arbre 12 est choisi en fonction du diamètre intérieur du cylindre pour réaliser un espace de travail de volume déterminé.  The length of the shaft 12 corresponds to the length of the central portion 3b of the cylinder. The diameter of the shaft 12 is chosen as a function of the inside diameter of the cylinder to make a working space of determined volume.
Le déplaceur est de longueur correspondant à la portion avant 3c du cylindre. Le profil du déplaceur correspondant à celui de la portion 3c d'extrémité du cylindre est prolongé par une portion cylindrique reliée à l'arbre et de diamètre supérieur à ce dernier. Le diamètre de cette portion cylindrique du déplaceur est choisi pour permettre une transmission de pression entre les deux parties de la chambre de part et d'autre du déplaceur. Le diamètre peut aussi être choisi pour permettre un écoulement déterminé du fluide gazeux notamment lorsque le moteur ne comprend pas de régénérateur. La longueur de la portion cylindrique du déplaceur 11 correspond sensiblement à la longueur de la portion médiane 3b du cylindre. Ainsi lorsque le cylindre est déplacé en position d'expansion maximum de la chambre, la portion cylindrique du déplaceur occupe l'espace en vis-à-vis du réchauffeur 4 sur toute sa longueur.  The displacer is of length corresponding to the front portion 3c of the cylinder. The profile of the displacer corresponding to that of the end portion 3c of the cylinder is extended by a cylindrical portion connected to the shaft and of greater diameter than the latter. The diameter of this cylindrical portion of the displacer is selected to allow pressure transmission between the two parts of the chamber on either side of the displacer. The diameter may also be chosen to allow a determined flow of the gaseous fluid, especially when the engine does not include a regenerator. The length of the cylindrical portion of the displacer 11 substantially corresponds to the length of the central portion 3b of the cylinder. Thus when the cylinder is moved to the maximum expansion position of the chamber, the cylindrical portion of the displacer occupies the space vis-à-vis the heater 4 over its entire length.
La portion arrière 3a du cylindre 3 refroidie par le refroidisseur 5a est choisie de longueur supérieure ou égale à celle de l'espace de travail 6a. Ainsi l'ensemble de l'espace de travail 6a est disposé en vis-à-vis de ce refroidisseur 5a lorsque le piston se trouve dans la position d'expansion maximum de la chambre. The rear portion 3a of the cylinder 3 cooled by the cooler 5a is chosen to be greater than or equal to that of the working space 6a. So the whole the working space 6a is disposed opposite this cooler 5a when the piston is in the maximum expansion position of the chamber.
Le revêtement du piston délimite par exemple la surface cylindrique extérieure S32 de l'arbre 12, une face annulaire S30 de la base 10 et toute la surface extérieure du déplaceur 11 de façon à limiter les échanges thermiques.  The coating of the piston defines for example the outer cylindrical surface S32 of the shaft 12, an annular face S30 of the base 10 and the entire outer surface of the displacer 11 so as to limit the heat exchange.
Le piston peut être réalisé creux. Un logement interne peut alors être utilisé pour y disposer des lignes de communication avec des capteurs. Comme représenté aux figures 1 et 2, des capteurs 37, 38 et 39 peuvent être disposés dans le piston 2 et dans le cylindre 3. Ces capteurs peuvent être du type capteur de température ou capteur de pression. Un capteur 37 affleure à la surface de l'arbre 12 et débouche d'autre part à l'intérieur du piston creux. Un autre capteur 38 affleure à l'extrémité du piston et débouche à l'intérieur du piston. Un autre capteur 39 affleure à l'intérieur de l'extrémité fermée 3c du cylindre et débouche par ailleurs à l'extérieur du cylindre.  The piston can be made hollow. An internal slot can then be used to have communication lines with sensors. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, sensors 37, 38 and 39 may be arranged in piston 2 and in cylinder 3. These sensors may be of the type of temperature sensor or pressure sensor. A sensor 37 is flush with the surface of the shaft 12 and opens on the other hand inside the hollow piston. Another sensor 38 is flush with the end of the piston and opens into the piston. Another sensor 39 is flush inside the closed end 3c of the cylinder and also opens out of the cylinder.
La figure 3 montre schématiquement un moteur la comprenant un piston semblable à celui des figures 1 et 2 dont le mouvement en translation dépend de la position d'un volant 40. L'inertie du volant 40 permet d'atténuer les variations de son mouvement de rotation. Le volant 40 est mobile par rapport au cylindre 3, autour d'un axe 41.  FIG. 3 schematically shows a motor comprising a piston similar to that of FIGS. 1 and 2, the translational movement of which depends on the position of a steering wheel 40. The inertia of the steering wheel 40 makes it possible to attenuate the variations in its movement. rotation. The wheel 40 is movable relative to the cylinder 3, around an axis 41.
Une bielle 42 est articulée d'une part avec le volant 40 et d'autre part avec la base 10 du piston. Le volant 40 peut être circulaire ou ovale ou présenter un profil particulier pour asservir le mouvement en translation du piston dans le cylindre.  A connecting rod 42 is articulated on the one hand with the flywheel 40 and on the other hand with the base 10 of the piston. The wheel 40 may be circular or oval or have a particular profile to control the translational movement of the piston in the cylinder.
Ainsi dans la position de compression maximum, le chauffage provoque une élévation de la pression tendant à augmenter le volume de la chambre et tendant donc à repousser le piston vers l'extérieur du cylindre. A l'inverse dans la position d'expansion maximum, le refroidissement provoque une diminution de la pression tendant à réduire le volume de la chambre et tendant donc à tirer le piston à l'intérieur du cylindre. Le réchauffeur 4 et les refroidisseurs 5a et 5b agissent ainsi sur la chambre dans le cylindre 3 pour déplacer le piston 2 entre sa première position correspondant à une expansion maximum de la chambre et sa deuxième position correspondant à une compression maximum de la chambre. Thus in the maximum compression position, the heating causes an increase in pressure tending to increase the volume of the chamber and thus tending to push the piston towards the outside of the cylinder. Conversely, in the maximum expansion position, cooling causes a decrease in pressure tending to reduce the volume of the chamber and thus tending to pull the piston inside the cylinder. The heater 4 and the coolers 5a and 5b thus act on the chamber in the cylinder 3 to move the piston 2 between its first position corresponding to a maximum expansion of the chamber and its second position corresponding to a maximum compression of the chamber.
Un piston présente par exemple une base de diamètre compris entre 100mm et 150mm. La course du piston est par exemple comprise entre 80mm et 130mm, la longueur de la portion médiane 3b du cylindre étant choisie de même longueur que la course du piston. Le diamètre de l'arbre 12 est par exemple compris entre 10mm et 40mm.  A piston has for example a base diameter between 100mm and 150mm. The stroke of the piston is for example between 80mm and 130mm, the length of the middle portion 3b of the cylinder being chosen to be of the same length as the stroke of the piston. The diameter of the shaft 12 is for example between 10mm and 40mm.
Le réchauffeur génère par exemple une température comprise entre 350°C et 650°C. De préférence la source chaude est choisie inférieure à 700°C pour des raisons de coûts des matériaux de fabrication. Pour des températures supérieures à 700°C, des matériaux relativement coûteux sont en effet nécessaires .  The heater generates for example a temperature between 350 ° C and 650 ° C. Preferably, the hot source is chosen to be less than 700 ° C. for reasons of costs of the materials of manufacture. For temperatures above 700 ° C, relatively expensive materials are needed.
Les refroidisseurs présentent par exemple une température fonctionnelle maximum comprise entre 40°C et 50°C. Les refroidisseurs ont par exemple une température correspondant à la température de l'air ambiant et peuvent rester fonctionnels à différentes températures.  The coolers have, for example, a maximum functional temperature of between 40 ° C. and 50 ° C. The coolers have for example a temperature corresponding to the ambient air temperature and can remain functional at different temperatures.
On peut également régler le refroidissement et le réchauffement grâce à un système de commande 43. Les modules de commande 44 et 46 des refroidisseurs 5a et 5b règlent par exemple la vitesse de rotation de ventilateurs favorisant la circulation de l'air ambiant autour des refroidisseurs . Les refroidisseurs comprennent par exemple des ailettes de refroidissement leur permettant de dissiper la chaleur captée du cylindre.  It is also possible to regulate the cooling and heating by means of a control system 43. The control modules 44 and 46 of the chillers 5a and 5b regulate, for example, the speed of rotation of fans that promote the circulation of ambient air around the chillers. The coolers comprise for example cooling fins allowing them to dissipate the heat captured from the cylinder.
Le module de commande 45 du réchauffeur 4 règle par exemple un injecteur de carburant. La quantité plus ou moins importante de carburant brûlé permet de générer plus ou moins de chaleur pour le fluide de chauffage.  The control module 45 of the heater 4 for example regulates a fuel injector. The more or less amount of fuel burned can generate more or less heat for the heating fluid.
Le système de commande 43 envoie par exemple des signaux de commande S46, S47 et S48 aux modules de commande 44, 45 et 46 du réchauffeur 4 et des refroidisseurs 5a et 5b en fonction de signaux S49, S50 et S51 transmis par les capteurs installés dans le moteur. Le système de commande 43 peut ainsi adapter le refroidissement ou le réchauffement en fonction notamment de la température ambiante pour un refroidisseur utilisant l'air ambiant. La température de la source chaude est par exemple augmentée en cas d'augmentation de la température minimum du fluide gazeux au cours de son refroidissement . The control system 43 for example sends control signals S46, S47 and S48 to the control modules 44, 45 and 46 of the heater 4 and the chillers 5a and 5b as a function of signals S49, S50 and S51 transmitted by the sensors installed in engine. The control system 43 can thus adapting the cooling or the heating depending in particular on the ambient temperature for a cooler using the ambient air. For example, the temperature of the hot source is increased if the minimum temperature of the gaseous fluid is increased during cooling.
Pour favoriser le retour du piston dans sa deuxième position de compression maximum de la chambre, on peut aménager un ressort exerçant une poussée sur le piston vers l'intérieur du cylindre.  To promote the return of the piston in its second maximum compression position of the chamber, it is possible to arrange a spring exerting a thrust on the piston towards the inside of the cylinder.
Pour favoriser le retour du piston dans sa deuxième position on peut également régler une dépression dans la chambre dans la deuxième position à température ambiante, lorsque la température du refroidisseur correspond à la température ambiante. La dépression dans la chambre correspond à une pression inférieure à celle de l'air ambiant .  To promote the return of the piston in its second position can also adjust a vacuum in the chamber in the second position at room temperature, when the temperature of the cooler is the ambient temperature. The depression in the chamber corresponds to a pressure lower than that of the ambient air.
Pour favoriser le retour du piston dans sa deuxième position on peut aussi prévoir de faire fonctionner le piston selon un axe de translation vertical, l'extrémité fermée du cylindre étant dirigée vers le bas. Le . poids du cylindre l'entraîne alors vers le bas et vers l'intérieur du cylindre.  To promote the return of the piston in its second position can also be provided to operate the piston along a vertical axis of translation, the closed end of the cylinder being directed downwards. The . The weight of the cylinder then drives it downwards and towards the inside of the cylinder.
On peut aussi combiner ces différents systèmes favorisant le retour du piston dans sa deuxième position.  We can also combine these different systems promoting the return of the piston in its second position.
La figure 4 montre un moteur lb comprenant un volant d'inertie 40 relié par des bielles 42 à deux pistons 2. Ces pistons mobiles chacun dans un cylindre 3 et actionnés par des refroidisseurs 5a et 5b et un réchauffeur 4. Des ressorts 71 favorisent le retour des pistons 2 vers leur position de compression maximum de la chambre.  FIG. 4 shows a motor 1b comprising a flywheel 40 connected by connecting rods 42 with two pistons 2. These pistons each moving in a cylinder 3 and actuated by coolers 5a and 5b and a heater 4. Springs 71 favor the return of the pistons 2 to their position of maximum compression of the chamber.
La figure 5 montre schématiquement une chaudière 52 à cogénération utilisant un moteur 1 selon l'invention. Un circuit d'eau 53 communique avec un serpentin 54 de chauffage de l'eau. L'eau chauffée passe ensuite dans le réchauffeur 4 du moteur, puis retourne au circuit d'eau 53.  Figure 5 shows schematically a boiler 52 cogeneration using a motor 1 according to the invention. A water circuit 53 communicates with a coil 54 for heating the water. The heated water then passes into the heater 4 of the engine and then returns to the water circuit 53.
Le réchauffeur peut également être alimenté par des gaz chauds produits par le brûleur d'une chaudière, ces gaz chauds étant ensuite utilisés pour chauffer le serpentin d'un circuit d'eau. The heater can also be fed with hot gases produced by the burner of a boiler, which hot gases are then used to heat the coil of a boiler. water circuit.
Le cylindre 2 est mobile en translation dans le cylindre 3, son mouvement en translation étant asservi par une butée 22 coopérant avec un organe de retenue élastique 23 en position d'expansion maximum et un organe de retenue élastique 24 en position de compression maximum. Ainsi une tige 54 solidaire du piston est mobile en translation dans une bobine 55. Cette tige 54 est par ailleurs solidaire d'un noyau aimanté 56. Ainsi la bobine 55 génère un courant alimentant un organe 57 de stockage de et d'alimentation en l'électricité. Cet organe 57 d'alimentation en électricité permet par exemple d'alimenter un circuit électronique de commande de la chaudière. L'électricité produite peut également servir à un usage domestique ou être revendue.  The cylinder 2 is movable in translation in the cylinder 3, its translational movement being controlled by a stop 22 cooperating with an elastic retaining member 23 in the maximum expansion position and a resilient retaining member 24 in the maximum compression position. Thus a rod 54 secured to the piston is movable in translation in a coil 55. This rod 54 is also secured to a magnet core 56. Thus, the coil 55 generates a current supplying a member 57 for storing and supplying power. 'electricity. This organ 57 power supply allows for example to supply an electronic control circuit of the boiler. The electricity produced can also be used for domestic use or resold.
Les figures 6 et 7 montrent un mécanisme d'asservissement des mouvements en translation du piston comprenant une butée coopérant avec des organes de retenue élastique.  Figures 6 and 7 show a mechanism for controlling the movements in translation of the piston comprising a stop cooperating with resilient retaining members.
Le mécanisme d'asservissement 20 du mouvement en translation du piston 2 comprend une tige 21 solidaire du piston 2 et solidaire d'une butée 22 saillante par rapport à la tige. La butée 22 se présente sous la forme d'une sphère comprenant un perçage fileté en son milieu. Un écrou 66 vissé sur l'extrémité filetée de la tige 21 permet de fixer la butée 22 à la tige 21.  The servo mechanism 20 of the translational movement of the piston 2 comprises a rod 21 secured to the piston 2 and integral with an abutment 22 projecting from the rod. The abutment 22 is in the form of a sphere comprising a threaded hole in its middle. A nut 66 screwed onto the threaded end of the rod 21 makes it possible to fix the stop 22 to the rod 21.
Le mécanisme d' asservissement 20 comprend par ailleurs un carter conique 67 de solidaire du cylindre 3. Le carter conique 67 comprend un bord de grand diamètre fixé au cylindre 3 et un bord de petit diamètre avancé à l'intérieur du cylindre 3. Le bord de petit diamètre est fixé à un manchon 68. Ce manchon 68 est solidaire du cylindre 3 et comprend un canal intérieur dans lequel la butée 22 peut se déplacer selon un mouvement de translation.  The servo mechanism 20 further comprises a conical casing 67 integral with the cylinder 3. The conical casing 67 comprises a large diameter edge attached to the cylinder 3 and a small diameter edge advanced inside the cylinder 3. The edge of small diameter is attached to a sleeve 68. This sleeve 68 is integral with the cylinder 3 and comprises an inner channel in which the stop 22 can move in a translational movement.
Des mors 25a et 25b sont montés dans des logements 70a et 70b du manchon 68. Ces mors sont mobiles autour de leur axe 26a et 26b fixé au manchon 68. Chaque mors 25a et 25b présente un bord 28a ou 28b biseauté en pente douce d'escamotage et un bord 29a ou 29b biseauté en pente aiguë de façon à exercer une retenue élastique de la butée 22. Ces bords biseautés sont saillants à l'intérieur du canal du manchon 68. Jaws 25a and 25b are mounted in housings 70a and 70b of the sleeve 68. These jaws are movable about their axis 26a and 26b fixed to the sleeve 68. Each jaw 25a and 25b has a rim 28a or 28b beveled gently sloping retraction and an edge 29a or 29b bevelled acute slope so as to exert resilient retention of the abutment 22. These beveled edges protrude inside the sleeve channel 68.
La retenue élastique est exercée jusqu'à une force de libération déterminée. Pour le réglage de la retenue élastique, chaque mors comprend une encoche, référencée 64 ou 65, saillante à l'extérieur du manchon sur laquelle un ressort, référencé 60 ou 63, exerce une force de rappel. La force exercée par chaque ressort 60 ou 63 tend à entraîner chaque mors en saillie vers l'intérieur du manchon 68. Un mors ou une pluralité de mors peuvent être utilisés pour réaliser chaque blocage. Trois mors 25a sont par exemple utilisés pour le blocage du piston dans sa première position et trois mors 25b sont par exemple utilisés pour le blocage du piston dans sa deuxième position.  The elastic restraint is exerted up to a determined release force. For the adjustment of the elastic restraint, each jaw comprises a notch, referenced 64 or 65, protruding outside the sleeve on which a spring, referenced 60 or 63, exerts a restoring force. The force exerted by each spring 60 or 63 tends to drive each jaw protruding inwardly of the sleeve 68. A jaw or a plurality of jaws may be used to achieve each lock. Three jaws 25a are for example used for locking the piston in its first position and three jaws 25b are for example used for locking the piston in its second position.
Chaque ressort 60 ou 63 s'appuie d'un côté sur le ou les mors 25a ou 52b et de l'autre sur une bague 61 ou 62 vissée sur le manchon 68.  Each spring 60 or 63 is supported on one side on the jaw (s) 25a or 52b and on the other on a ring 61 or 62 screwed on the sleeve 68.
Le vissage de ces bagues 61 et 62 permet notamment d'ajuster la force de rappel exercée par chaque ressort 60 et 63. La force au-delà de laquelle la butée est libérée peut ainsi être réglée pour le premier organe de retenue élastique dans la première position du piston 2 et pour le deuxième organe de retenue élastique dans la deuxième position du piston .  The screwing of these rings 61 and 62 makes it possible in particular to adjust the restoring force exerted by each spring 60 and 63. The force beyond which the stop is released can thus be adjusted for the first elastic retaining member in the first position of the piston 2 and for the second elastic retaining member in the second position of the piston.
La figure 8 représente un moteur le selon l'invention. Figure 8 shows a motor according to the invention.
Pour des raisons de clarté, le piston dans le cylindre n'a pas été représenté. Ce moteur fonctionne avec un piston tel que décrit précédemment. For reasons of clarity, the piston in the cylinder has not been shown. This engine operates with a piston as described above.
Comme décrit précédemment le cylindre comprend une portion arrière 3a, une portion médiane 3b et une portion avant 3c. Les portions arrière et avant 3a et 3c sont refroidies par des refroidisseurs 5a et 5b. La portion médiane 3b est réchauffée par un réchauffeur 4.  As previously described, the cylinder comprises a rear portion 3a, a median portion 3b and a front portion 3c. The rear and front portions 3a and 3c are cooled by coolers 5a and 5b. The median portion 3b is heated by a heater 4.
Des conduits 17, 18 et 19 de circulation du fluide gazeux sont aménagés à l'extérieur au cylindre 3 et relient la portion médiane 3b à la portion avant 3c du cylindre 3. Ces conduits de circulation facilitent la circulation du fluide gazeux lors du déplacement du piston. Ainsi le diamètre du déplaceur peut être notamment augmenté. Une partie 17a, 18a et 19a de chaque conduit de circulation reliée à la portion médiane 3b est disposée le long du cylindre et à l'intérieur de l'espace 14 comprenant le fluide de chauffage. Ces parties 17a, 18a et 19a sont ainsi chauffées par le réchauffeur 4. Ainsi lors du passage de la position d'expansion maximum de la chambre à la position de compression maximum, une partie du fluide introduit dans l'espace de travail, en vis-à-vis de l'arbre du piston, est déjà chauffé, ce qui facilite la montée en température. Gases 17, 18 and 19 for the circulation of the gaseous fluid are arranged outside the cylinder 3 and connect the median portion 3b to the front portion 3c of the cylinder 3. These circulation ducts facilitate the circulation of the gaseous fluid during the displacement of the piston. So the diameter of mover can be especially increased. Part 17a, 18a and 19a of each circulation duct connected to the median portion 3b is disposed along the cylinder and inside the space 14 comprising the heating fluid. These parts 17a, 18a and 19a are thus heated by the heater 4. Thus, during the transition from the maximum expansion position of the chamber to the maximum compression position, a portion of the fluid introduced into the working space to the piston shaft, is already heated, which facilitates the rise in temperature.
Une autre partie 17b, 18b ou 19b de chaque conduit de circulation reliée à la portion avant 3c du cylindre 3 est disposée le long du cylindre et à l'intérieur de l'espace, référencé 15b et 15c, comprenant le fluide de refroidissement. Ces parties 17b, 18b et 19b sont ainsi refroidies par le refroidisseur 5b. Ainsi lors du passage de la position de compression maximum de la chambre à la position d'expansion maximum, une partie du fluide introduit dans la portion d'extrémité 3c du cylindre est déjà refroidie, ce qui facilite l'abaissement de la température.  Another part 17b, 18b or 19b of each circulation duct connected to the front portion 3c of the cylinder 3 is disposed along the cylinder and inside the space, referenced 15b and 15c, including the cooling fluid. These parts 17b, 18b and 19b are thus cooled by the cooler 5b. Thus during the transition from the maximum compression position of the chamber to the maximum expansion position, a portion of the fluid introduced into the end portion 3c of the cylinder is already cooled, which facilitates the lowering of the temperature.
Il doit être évident pour l'homme du métier que la présente invention permet d'autres variantes de réalisation. Par conséquent, les présents modes de réalisation doivent être considérés comme illustrant l'invention.  It should be obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention allows other embodiments. Therefore, the present embodiments should be considered as illustrating the invention.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Moteur (1) à combustion externe comprenant au moins : An external combustion engine (1) comprising at least:
- un cylindre (3) présentant une extrémité (3c) ferméea cylinder (3) having a closed end (3c)
- un piston (2) mobile dans le cylindre délimitant une chambre (6a, 6b, 6c) remplie par un fluide gazeux, a piston (2) movable in the cylinder delimiting a chamber (6a, 6b, 6c) filled with a gaseous fluid,
au moins un réchauffeur (4) et au moins un refroidisseur (5a ou 5b) agissant sur la chambre dans le cylindre (3) pour déplacer le piston (2) mobile entre une première position d'expansion maximum de la chambre et une deuxième position de compression maximum de la chambre,  at least one heater (4) and at least one cooler (5a or 5b) acting on the chamber in the cylinder (3) to move the movable piston (2) between a first maximum expansion position of the chamber and a second position maximum compression of the chamber,
au moins un mécanisme (20) d'asservissement du mouvement en translation du piston (2),  at least one mechanism (20) for controlling the translational movement of the piston (2),
caractérisé en ce que le piston (2) est constitué d'au moins une base (10) coulissant dans le cylindre (3) de façon étanche, d'un déplaceur (11) coulissant de façon non étanche dans le cylindre (3) et d'un arbre (12) d'entraînement du déplaceur (11) par la base (10) .  characterized in that the piston (2) consists of at least one base (10) sliding in the cylinder (3) sealingly, a displacer (11) slidably unsealed in the cylinder (3) and a shaft (12) for driving the displacer (11) by the base (10).
2. Moteur (1) selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le cylindre (3) est constitué d'au moins une première portion (3a) prolongée par une deuxième portion (3b) elle- même prolongée par une troisième portion (3c) constituant l'extrémité fermée du cylindre, le réchauffeur (4) agissant sur la deuxième portion (3b) du cylindre (3) et ledit refroidisseur (5a ou 5b) agissant sur la première et/ou la troisième portion (3a et/ou 3c) du cylindre (3), l'arbre (12) et le déplaceur (11) étant dimensionnés de façon à délimiter autour de l'arbre (12) un espace (6a) de travail venant dans la deuxième portion (3b) du cylindre (3) lorsque le piston (2) est dans ladite deuxième position et de façon à ce que le déplaceur (11) vienne dans cette même deuxième portion (3b) lorsque le piston (2) est dans ladite première position.  2. Motor (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the cylinder (3) consists of at least a first portion (3a) extended by a second portion (3b) itself extended by a third portion (3c ) constituting the closed end of the cylinder, the heater (4) acting on the second portion (3b) of the cylinder (3) and said cooler (5a or 5b) acting on the first and / or third portion (3a and / or 3c) of the cylinder (3), the shaft (12) and the displacer (11) being dimensioned so as to delimit around the shaft (12) a working space (6a) coming in the second portion (3b) of the cylinder (3) when the piston (2) is in said second position and so that the displacer (11) comes into the same second portion (3b) when the piston (2) is in said first position.
3. Moteur (1) selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que deux refroidisseurs (5a, 5b) et le réchauffeur (4) agissent sur les trois portions (3a, 3b, 3c) successives du cylindre (3) .  3. Engine (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that two coolers (5a, 5b) and the heater (4) act on three successive portions (3a, 3b, 3c) of the cylinder (3).
4. Moteur (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que chaque réchauffeur (4) délimite un espace annulaire de chauffage (14) autour du cylindre (3) et chaque refroidisseur (5a ou 5b) délimite au moins un espace annulaire (15a ou 15b) de refroidissement autour du cylindre4. Motor (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each heater (4) defines an annular heating space (14) around the cylinder (3) and each cooler (5a or 5b) delimits at least one annular space (15a or 15b) of cooling around the cylinder
(3) . (3).
5. Moteur (1) selon l'une revendication 2 à 4, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend au moins un conduit (17, 18, 5. Motor (1) according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that it comprises at least one conduit (17, 18,
19) de circulation du fluide gazeux extérieur au cylindre (3) et reliant la deuxième portion (3b) à la troisième portion (3c) du cylindre (3). 19) of circulation of the gaseous fluid outside the cylinder (3) and connecting the second portion (3b) to the third portion (3c) of the cylinder (3).
6. Moteur (1) selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce qu'une partie (17a, 18a, 19a) dudit conduit 6. Motor (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that a portion (17a, 18a, 19a) of said duct
(17, 18, 19) de circulation reliée à la deuxième portion (3b) est disposée le long du cylindre (3) de façon à être chauffée par le réchauffeur (4) et une autre partie (17b, 18b, 19b) dudit conduit (17, 18, 19) de circulation reliée à la troisième portion (3c) du cylindre (3) est disposée le long du cylindre (3) de façon à être refroidie par le refroidisseur (5b). (17, 18, 19) connected to the second portion (3b) is disposed along the cylinder (3) so as to be heated by the heater (4) and another portion (17b, 18b, 19b) of said conduit (17, 18, 19) connected to the third portion (3c) of the cylinder (3) is arranged along the cylinder (3) so as to be cooled by the cooler (5b).
7. Moteur (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu' il comprend un système de commande de chaque refroidisseur (5a ou 5b) et/ou de chaque réchauffeur 7. Motor (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a control system of each cooler (5a or 5b) and / or each heater
(4) en fonction d'au moins une pression mesurée à l'intérieur de la troisième portion (3c) du cylindre (3) et/ou de la deuxième portion (2c) du cylindre. (4) as a function of at least one pressure measured inside the third portion (3c) of the cylinder (3) and / or the second portion (2c) of the cylinder.
8. Moteur (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le mécanisme d'asservissement (20) du mouvement en translation du piston (2) comprend une tige (21) solidaire du piston (2) et solidaire d'une butée (22) saillante coopérant d'une part avec un premier organe (23) de retenue élastique dans ladite première position du piston (2) et d'autre part avec un deuxième organe (24) de retenue élastique dans ladite deuxième position du piston (2).  8. Motor (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the servo mechanism (20) of the translational movement of the piston (2) comprises a rod (21) integral with the piston (2) and integral with a protruding stop (22) cooperating on the one hand with a first resilient retaining member (23) in said first position of the piston (2) and on the other hand with a second elastic retaining member (24) in said second position piston (2).
9. Moteur (1) selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que la butée (22) présente des surfaces de contact arrondies, chaque organe (23, 24) de retenue élastique comprenant au moins :  9. Motor (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the stop (22) has rounded contact surfaces, each elastic retaining member (23, 24) comprising at least:
- un axe (26a, 26b) solidaire du cylindre (2)  an axis (26a, 26b) integral with the cylinder (2)
- un mors (25a, 25b) mobile autour dudit axe (26a, 26b) , a jaw (25a, 25b) movable about said axis (26a, 26b),
- un organe (27a, 27b) de rappel élastique maintenant ledit mors (25a, 25b) en position saillante, an elastic return member (27a, 27b) said jaw (25a, 25b) in a projecting position,
chaque mors (25a, 25b) présentant un bord (28a, 28b) biseauté en pente douce d'escamotage et un bord (29a, 29b) biseauté en pente aiguë exerçant une retenue élastique de la butée (22) jusqu'à une force de libération déterminée.  each jaw (25a, 25b) having a gently sloping retracted bevel edge (28a, 28b) and an acute sloping beveled edge (29a, 29b) exerting resilient retention of the abutment (22) to a force of determined release.
10. Moteur selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le cylindre (3) présente un profil arrondi à son extrémité fermée (3c), le déplaceur (11) présentant un profil correspondant à son extrémité libre.  10. Motor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cylinder (3) has a profile rounded at its closed end (3c), the displacer (11) having a profile corresponding to its free end.
11. Moteur selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une pluralité de cylindres et une pluralité de pistons, lesdits réchauffeur (4) et refroidisseurs (5a, 5b) agissant sur ces cylindres (3) qui reçoivent chacun un des pistons (2), les pistons étant asservis en translation par ledit mécanisme d'asservissement.  11. Engine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of cylinders and a plurality of pistons, said heater (4) and coolers (5a, 5b) acting on these cylinders (3) which each receive one of the pistons (2), the pistons being slaved in translation by said servo mechanism.
12. Chaudière (52) à cogénération produisant de l'électricité au moyen d'un moteur (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10 pour entraîner au moins un noyau (56) par rapport à au moins une bobine (55) génératrice de courant.  12. Cogeneration boiler (52) producing electricity by means of a motor (1) according to one of claims 1 to 10 for driving at least one core (56) with respect to at least one coil (55) current generator.
EP15704035.3A 2014-01-27 2015-01-07 External combustion engine Active EP3099919B1 (en)

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PCT/FR2015/000002 WO2015110726A1 (en) 2014-01-27 2015-01-07 Internal combustion engine

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SE541777C2 (en) * 2018-01-02 2019-12-17 Maston AB Stirling engine comprising pressure regulating means arranged in a working piston
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NL7606301A (en) 1976-06-11 1977-12-13 Philips Nv HOT GAS ENGINE.
SU892002A1 (en) * 1978-01-09 1981-12-23 Центральный Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Научно-Исследовательский Автомобильный И Автомоторный Институт (Нами) External heat supply engine
JPH06101922A (en) * 1992-09-17 1994-04-12 Daikin Ind Ltd Vuilleumier heat pump apparatus
FR2811017A1 (en) * 2000-06-30 2002-01-04 Leonello Acquaviva LOW TEMPERATURE EXTERNAL COMBUSTION THERMAL ENGINE

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FR3016927A1 (en) 2015-07-31

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