EP3099860B1 - Reinforced stabilisation strip for reinforced embankment structures, with a functionalised casing - Google Patents
Reinforced stabilisation strip for reinforced embankment structures, with a functionalised casing Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3099860B1 EP3099860B1 EP14831041.0A EP14831041A EP3099860B1 EP 3099860 B1 EP3099860 B1 EP 3099860B1 EP 14831041 A EP14831041 A EP 14831041A EP 3099860 B1 EP3099860 B1 EP 3099860B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- stabilisation
- functionalised
- polymeric material
- strip
- sheath
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 title claims description 69
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 33
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical group O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic anhydride Chemical group C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 64
- 239000012783 reinforcing fiber Substances 0.000 description 52
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 26
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000007306 functionalization reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920000092 linear low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004707 linear low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000009954 braiding Methods 0.000 description 2
- JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl 2,2-difluorocyclopropane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1CC1(F)F JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001335 Galvanized steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241001080024 Telles Species 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-3-enoic acid;ethene Chemical compound C=C.OC(=O)CC=C DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008397 galvanized steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
- E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
- E02D29/0225—Retaining or protecting walls comprising retention means in the backfill
- E02D29/0233—Retaining or protecting walls comprising retention means in the backfill the retention means being anchors
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
- E02B3/122—Flexible prefabricated covering elements, e.g. mats, strips
- E02B3/126—Flexible prefabricated covering elements, e.g. mats, strips mainly consisting of bituminous material or synthetic resins
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D03—WEAVING
- D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
- D03D25/00—Woven fabrics not otherwise provided for
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/10—Dams; Dykes; Sluice ways or other structures for dykes, dams, or the like
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
- E02D17/202—Securing of slopes or inclines with flexible securing means
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
- E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
- E02D29/0225—Retaining or protecting walls comprising retention means in the backfill
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/18—Making embankments, e.g. dikes, dams
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D2300/00—Materials
- E02D2300/0051—Including fibers
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D2300/00—Materials
- E02D2300/0075—Textiles
- E02D2300/0078—Textiles woven
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D2300/00—Materials
- E02D2300/0085—Geotextiles
- E02D2300/0087—Geotextiles woven
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the technical field of soil reinforcement for the construction of retaining walls.
- a stabilization band also called geoboard, reinforced and usable for reinforced soil or reinforced earth for the construction of retaining walls.
- a reinforced embankment structure includes a fill, a siding and reinforcements connected or not to the facing.
- Backfill is a mixture or assembly that may include at least one of sand, gravel, fine soil, crushed rock, recycled materials such as building demolition materials or civil engineering, industrial residues, binders such as lime or cement.
- the facing ensures the aesthetics and stability of the structure vis-à-vis erosion by covering the front face of the retaining wall, that is to say the visible face. It is most often made from prefabricated elements juxtaposed concrete, slabs or blocks. It may also consist of metal welded mesh panels or gabions made with braided metal son.
- the reinforcements may be made of various materials, such as metal (and more particularly galvanized steel) and synthetic materials. They are placed in the embankment with a density depending on the constraints that can be exerted on the structure, the thrust forces of the ground being taken up by the friction between the embankment and reinforcements.
- the reinforcements are provided in the form of stabilizing strips having a length of about 3 m to 10 m, although shorter or longer strips may be employed.
- the width of the strips is generally between 4 cm and 10 cm, although it is possible to use strips of width up to 10 cm or 25 cm or more.
- the thickness varies, for example from about 1 mm to a few centimeters and is generally between 1 mm and 6 mm.
- the stabilizing strip is capable of transmitting the forces along its entire length.
- a solution known to those skilled in the art consists in using stabilization strips comprising a longitudinal sheath which interacts with the embankment by friction.
- the stabilizing strips also comprise a reinforcement composed of a set of fibers arranged longitudinally, parallel to each other and embedded inside the sheath in its central part so as to reinforce the tensile strength.
- the sheath is usually made of polyethylene, and the polyester fibers.
- a solution known to those skilled in the art for increasing the frictional resistance between the strips and the backfill consists in providing the longitudinal sheath with a central portion comprising the reinforcing fibers and the projecting lateral portions so as to better interact with the grains constituting the embankment.
- polyester fibers have the disadvantage of being sensitive to the surrounding alkalinity and can degrade when the stabilizing strips which contain them are used for example in basic soils. This is for example the case of fine soils treated with lime or hydraulic binders to improve their workability and / or stability.
- the inventors have sought to produce stabilizing strips comprising a polyethylene sheath and a reinforcement composed of a set of polyvinyl alcohol fibers.
- the present invention therefore seeks to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art described above.
- the present invention seeks to allow the realization of stabilization strips that are not sensitive to their environment (and preferably can be used for different types of embankment) while having a high tensile strength and allowing the measurement their mechanical properties reliably.
- the present invention provides a reinforced stabilization strip for reinforced embankment structures comprising long reinforcing fibers and a longitudinal sheath surrounding or enclosing the long reinforcing fibers, the sheath being at least partially made of a functionalized polymeric material comprising a functionalized polyolefin.
- the functionalization of the polyolefin makes it possible to confer on the functionalized polymer material of the cladding functional groups with which the material of the reinforcing fibers can react, thus creating bonds between the reinforcing fibers and the sheath which prevent their separation by increasing the force of the reinforcing fibers. adhesion between the reinforcing fibers and the sheath.
- the functionalized polyolefin advantageously comprises 0.01% to 45% functionalization.
- the functionalized polymeric material may comprise a mixture of non-functionalized polymer and functionalized polyolefin.
- the non-functionalized polymer is a non-functionalized polyolefin.
- the non-functionalized polyolefin is a nonfunctionalized polyethylene, still preferably a non-functionalized linear low density polyethylene.
- the functionalized polyolefin mass ratio: unfunctionalized polymer is between 1: 9 and 10: 0.
- the functionalized polymeric material advantageously has a functionalization gradient with a maximum in contact with the reinforcing fibers and which decreases as one moves away from the reinforcing fibers.
- the functionalized polyolefin is a polyolefin substituted with a chemical element having a functional group chosen from mono or di-carboxylic acid anhydrides or on which the chemical element has been grafted.
- the chemical element is a maleic anhydride, phthalic anhydride or acrylic acid group.
- the sheath may further include a non-functionalized area surrounding or enclosing the functionalized polymeric material.
- This non-functionalized zone is a non-functionalized polymer, for example the same non-functionalized polymer of the mixture forming the functionalized polymeric material, or another.
- the reinforcing fibers are advantageously made of a material chosen from polyvinyl alcohol, polyesters, silica glass, linear or aromatic polyamides and metals.
- the reinforcing fibers may be in the form of wires, strands, or ropes; these yarns, strands or ropes that can be spun or braided.
- the sheath may further comprise at least one longitudinal edge free of reinforcing fibers and having notches.
- the stabilizing strip may have two longitudinal ends joined to each other thus taking the form of a loop.
- the present invention also provides a stabilizing ply made at least in part with stabilizing strips as described above.
- This stabilizing sheet can be made in the form of a geogrid formed by a chain and a frame composed of stabilizing strips (1), the warp and the weft being woven or superimposed on one another.
- the stabilization strips of the warp and the weft are linked at certain points of intersection by hot welding or bonding.
- This reinforced embankment structure may further comprise a cladding and connectors for connecting at least a portion of the stabilization strips and / or stabilizing tablecloths.
- These connectors may also be formed by stabilizing strips, in particular those having a loop shape.
- the method may further comprise drawing the reinforcing fibers, and shaping of the functionalized polymeric material may be effected by extruding the functionalized polymeric material around the reinforcing fibers.
- the method may further include heating the non-functionalized polymer and stretching the reinforcing fibers; wherein shaping of the functionalized polymeric material is effected by coextruding the functionalized polymeric material around the reinforcing fibers and the non-functionalized polymer around the functionalized polymeric material forming the non-functionalized zone of the sheath surrounding or enclosing the functionalized polymeric material.
- the stretching of the reinforcing fibers is advantageously carried out as the sheath is extruded.
- This stabilizing strip 1 comprises long reinforcing fibers 12 and a longitudinal sheath 11 surrounding or enclosing the long reinforcing fibers 12.
- the sheath 11 is at least partially made of a functionalized polymeric material comprising a functionalized polyolefin (Po-f).
- a polyolefin is a saturated aliphatic polymer, optionally substituted, and derived from the polymerization of an olefin (also called alkene).
- the functionalized polyolefin may be chosen from functionalized polyethylenes, functionalized polypropylenes, or functionalized olefinic copolymers such as functionalized ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA).
- EVA functionalized ethylene-vinyl acetate
- the functionalized polyethylenes and in particular the functionalized linear low density polyethylene will preferably be chosen.
- the term "functionalization” will be understood to mean a modification of the polyolefin by substituting it with a chemical element comprising a functional group or unsaturation or by grafting the chemical element onto the polyolefin. Modification of the polyolefin may also lead to the creation of unsaturation in the polyolefin chain.
- the functional group is itself capable of reacting with the material of the reinforcing fibers 12, by creating covalent bonds or hydrogen bonds therewith.
- the functional group may be chosen from mono or di-carboxylic acid anhydrides.
- the chemical element substituting a hydrogen atom in the carbon chain of the polyolefin may be: a maleic anhydride group, phthalic anhydride or an acrylic acid; the maleic anhydride group being the most commonly used.
- the functionalization of the Po-f is between 0.01% by weight and 45% by weight. Above 45% by weight of functionalization, we will no longer speak of polyolefin.
- the degree of functionalization is between 0.01% by weight and 30% by weight, preferably between 0.01% by weight and 15% by weight, more preferably between 0.01% by weight and 5% by weight. , still preferably between 0.1% by weight and 2% by weight.
- the degree of functionalization of the Po-f should be understood as the ratio between the mass of functional groups reacted with the polyolefin and the total mass of functionalized polyolefin Po-f. It can also be calculated by the mass gain between the initial nonfunctionalized polyolefin (Po-nf) and the functionalized polyolefin Po-f. For example, if 10 g of maleic anhydride has reacted with a polyolefin and the total weight of Po-f is 100 g, then the degree of functionalization is 10% by weight.
- the functionalized polymeric material may comprise 100% by weight of Po-f or a mixture of Po-f and non-functionalized polymer.
- This non-functionalized polymer is a polymer compatible with the functionalized polyolefin, that is to say that their mixture is stable over time and no phase separation is observable. They are said to be completely miscible.
- the non-functionalized polymer is preferably selected from non-functionalized polyethylenes (PE-nf), unfunctionalized polypropylene (PP-nf), olefinic copolymers such as ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA-nf).
- the preferred non-functionalized polymer is linear low density polyethylene (LDPE-nf).
- the mass ratio Po-f: nonfunctionalized polymer is between 1: 9 and 10: 0.
- the weight ratio Po-f, preferably LLDPE-f: non-functionalized polymer, preferably LLDPE-nf, can be between 1: 4 and 1: 1.
- the functionalized polymer material 111 can have a functionalization gradient with a maximum in contact with the reinforcing fibers 12 and which decreases as one moves away from the reinforcing fibers 12.
- the gradient can be continuous or in steps .
- the sheath 11 may further comprise a non-functionalized zone 112 surrounding or enclosing the functionalized polymer material 111.
- the cost of the sheath 11 may be decreased because, in general, the non-functionalized polymer (or Po-nf) is less expensive than Po-f.
- the polymer of the non-functionalized zone may be the same as that of the mixture leading to the functionalized or different polymer material, and chosen from those mentioned above for the mixture.
- One or more channels 13 may be formed inside the sheath 11, the reinforcing fibers 12 being stretched inside these channels 13.
- the increase in the number of channels 13 makes it possible to increase the contact area between the long reinforcing fibers 12 and the sheath 11, and consequently the interaction resistance between these two constituent elements.
- the number of channels is between 5 and 20.
- the reinforcing fibers 12 are made of any material to enhance the tensile strength of the stabilizing strip. They are advantageously made of a material chosen from polyvinyl alcohol (PVAL), polyesters, silica glass, linear or aromatic polyamides (also called aramids) and metals, or a mixture of these. If two or more materials are used, the reinforcing fibers in one of the given materials may be grouped together, or the composition in reinforcing fibers in each of the channels 13 different from that of another, but preferably the reinforcing fiber composition is the same in each of the channels 23.
- PVAL polyvinyl alcohol
- polyesters silica glass
- linear or aromatic polyamides also called aramids
- metals or a mixture of these. If two or more materials are used, the reinforcing fibers in one of the given materials may be grouped together, or the composition in reinforcing fibers in each of the channels 13 different from that of another, but preferably the reinforcing fiber composition is the same in
- PVAL fibers are preferred.
- these materials are not sensitive to the nature of the backfill (and especially to the soil pH used in the backfill composition).
- the reinforcing fibers 12 are advantageously arranged in the sheath 11 parallel to the length thereof, and parallel to each other. They can be raw, that is to say not spun.
- the reinforcing fibers 12 may also be present in the form of son parallel to each other.
- a "thread" results from spinning the fibers. That is, the fibers are all oriented in the same direction and twisted together.
- a yarn made of fibers is more tensile than all the fibers simply put next to each other, in fact, the spinning strengthens the mechanical properties of the fibers.
- the reinforcing fibers 12 may also be present in the form of strands or ropes parallel to each other, as described in the document EP2171160 .
- the spinning or braiding of several threads between them gives a "strand”.
- the spinning or braiding of several strands between them gives a "rope”.
- the appearance of their surface is not as smooth as that of the fibers or threads. Therefore, the strand or rope has a surface relief, that is to say that their surface has depressions and bulges.
- the functionalized polymeric material surrounding or enclosing the reinforcing fibers 12 marries these depressions and bulges, thus making it possible to add a tensile strength that further increases the adhesion force between the reinforcing fibers 12 and the sheath 11.
- the reinforcing fibers 12 may also be composed of a mixture comprising at least two elements among raw fibers, threads, strands and ropes.
- the sheath 11 may comprise at least one longitudinal edge 113 high adhesion free of reinforcing fibers and having notches 114 (see Figures 3 and 4 ), as described in the document EP2247797 .
- the notches 114 of this longitudinal edge 113 high adhesion function to rub against the embankment of the reinforced embankment work to maintain the stabilizing band 1 in place.
- the stabilizing strip 1 has a length of about 3 m to 10 m, although longer or shorter stabilizing strips 1 may also be provided.
- the width of the stabilizing strip 1 is between 4 cm and 6 cm, although it is possible to manufacture strips of greater width of up to 10 cm or even 25 cm.
- the thickness of the stabilizing strip 1 varies between 1 mm and a few centimeters, but preferably between 1 mm and 6 mm.
- the stabilizing strip 1 may have two longitudinal ends joined to each other thus taking the form of a loop.
- a stabilizing strip loop can be used as a connector for connecting the stabilization strips to the facings of the reinforced embankment structure.
- the perimeter of the loop is between 40 cm and 80 cm.
- stabilizing strips 1 may form at least a portion of a stabilizing ply 10, advantageously in the form of a geogrid formed by a chain comprising stabilizing strips and a frame also comprising stabilizing strips.
- the chain and the frame are superimposed ( figure 5 ) or woven ( figure 6 ).
- part or all of the stabilizing strips of the chain is fixed to 1t stabilizing strips of the frame crossing at intersections 101.
- this partial or total fixation of the stabilization strips 1a of the warp to the stabilizing strips 1t of the weft can be performed, but is not mandatory; indeed, weaving allows the maintenance of the warp with respect to the weft and vice versa.
- the stabilizing strips of the chain are preferably disposed at 90 ° to 1t stabilizing strips of the frame, intersecting the latter at right angles.
- the invention is not limited to this orientation, and any other relative orientation of the stabilizing strips of the chain relative to 1t stabilizing strips of the frame are possible, for example 60 ° and 45 °.
- Fixing the stabilizing strips of the chain and 1t stabilizing strips of the frame may be accomplished by heat sealing or gluing.
- Known welding processes for polyolefin sheaths are hot air welding, mirror welding, hot wedge welding, ultrasonic welding, infrared welding.
- the stabilization strip 1 described above is used in the construction of reinforced embankment structures 2 ( figure 7 ).
- Such reinforced embankment structure 2 comprises, in addition to stabilization strips 1, embankment 21.
- the stabilization strips 1 are arranged horizontally in the embankment on one or more levels.
- these stabilizing strips 1 can form a stabilizing sheet 10 disposed horizontally in the embankment on one or more levels.
- Embankment 21 generally comprises a mixture or an assembly that may comprise at least one of sand, gravel, fine soil, crushed rock, recycled materials such as materials derived from the demolition of buildings or civil engineering works, industrial residues, binders such as lime or cement.
- such a reinforced embankment structure 2 also comprises a cladding 22 and connectors 23 for connecting at least a portion of the stabilizing strips 1 to the facing 22.
- the cladding 22 can be made from prefabricated elements 221 and juxtaposed concrete , in the form of slabs or blocks. It may also consist of metal welded mesh panels or gabions made with braided metal son.
- the stabilizing strips 1 can be used as they are, that is to say they are arranged individually during the construction of the reinforced embankment structure 2.
- the stabilizing strips 1 are in the form of stabilization plies 10, a whole set of stabilizing strips 1 is arranged in one operation during the construction of the reinforced embankment 2.
- the advantage is a saving of time for the installation of the stabilization strips 1 in relation to the individual installation.
- Another advantage is the simplification of the laying because the gap between the stabilizing strips 1 is defined beforehand during the manufacture of the stabilizing ply 10.
- the connectors 23 may be stabilizing strips 1, in particular in the form of loops made by winding and assembling. In this case, the adhesion between the wires and the sheath is essential to ensure the strength of the loop.
- the activation temperature is the temperature at which the functional group is activated and depends on the nature of the chemical element functionalizing the polyolefin.
- the activation temperature for maleic anhydride is 180 ° C.
- the polymeric material functionalized with maleic anhydride is heated at about 180 ° C for a few seconds in an extruder or kneader.
- the method advantageously comprises drawing the reinforcing fibers in a direction of stretching.
- the shaping of the functionalized polymeric material is effected by extruding the functionalized polymeric material around the reinforcing fibers in the direction of the drawing direction.
- This implementation is advantageously used for a uniform sheath, that is to say having no nonfunctional areas.
- the shaping of the functionalized polymeric material is carried out so as to form a functionalized gradient in the polymeric material with a maximum in contact with the reinforcing fibers and which decreases as one goes further and further away. reinforcing fibers.
- the process may comprise heating non-functionalized polymer, preferably PE-nf, more preferably still LDPE-nf.
- the shaping of the functionalized polymeric material is carried out by coextruding the functionalized polymeric material around the reinforcing fibers and the non-functionalized polymer around the functionalized polymeric material to form the non-functionalized zone of the sheath surrounding or enclosing the polymeric material. functionalized.
- the stretching of the reinforcing fibers can be carried out as the sheath is extruded, saving time and space for the manufacture of the stabilizing strip.
- the threads may have been spun or braided into strands and the strands may have been spun or braided into ropes.
- the reinforcing fibers are already provided in the form of son, strands or ropes, possibly previously stretched.
- the fibers provided in the form of yarns or strands may be spun or braided to give respectively strands or ropes.
- the test presented below is carried out on stabilization strips comprising a sheath made of a functionalized polymeric material comprising a mixture of LLDPE-LLDPE and LLDPE-L in the proportions presented in Table 1.
- the LLDPE-f exhibits a functionalization estimated at about 1% by weight with maleic anhydride elements.
- An example of control is also done for comparison.
- the sheath of this control example comprises 100% LLDPE-Nf.
- Example 2 Example 3
- the stabilizing strips 1 comprise a PVAL reinforcement in the form of strands present inside the sheath.
- the PVAL reinforcing fibers are distributed in 5 channels 13 inside the sheath 11 and whose central channel 131 is 7 mm wide and 2 mm high.
- the shape and constitution of the stabilization bands are identical for all the mass ratios PEBDL-f: PEBDL-nf tested and for the control example.
- a notch is formed on two opposite side edges of the stabilizing strip, leaving intact only the central channel 131.
- a transverse In incision is made through the central channel 131 of the entirety of its width, thus cutting the strands in the central channel 131.
- the stabilizing strip 1 is left intact on 10 cm (see figure 9 ).
- Each stabilizing strip 1 thus prepared is placed on a uniaxial traction bench.
- the two ends of the band are fixed to the bench and traction is applied between the two ends so as to spread the two ends at a speed of 200 mm / min.
- the force required for spacing at 200 mm / min is raised.
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Description
La présente invention concerne le domaine technique du renforcement de sol pour la construction de murs de soutènement. En particulier, elle concerne une bande de stabilisation, aussi appelée géobande, renforcée et utilisable pour des ouvrages en sol renforcé ou terre armée pour la construction de murs de soutènement.The present invention relates to the technical field of soil reinforcement for the construction of retaining walls. In particular, it relates to a stabilization band, also called geoboard, reinforced and usable for reinforced soil or reinforced earth for the construction of retaining walls.
Un ouvrage en remblai renforcé comprend un remblai, un parement et des renforcements connectés ou non au parement.A reinforced embankment structure includes a fill, a siding and reinforcements connected or not to the facing.
Le remblai est composé d'un mélange ou d'un assemblage pouvant comprendre au moins un matériau parmi du sable, du gravier, du sol fin, de roches concassées, des matériaux recyclés comme des matériaux issus de démolition de bâtiments ou d'ouvrages de génie civil, des résidus industriels, des liants comme la chaux ou le ciment.Backfill is a mixture or assembly that may include at least one of sand, gravel, fine soil, crushed rock, recycled materials such as building demolition materials or civil engineering, industrial residues, binders such as lime or cement.
Le parement assure l'esthétique et la stabilité de l'ouvrage vis-à-vis de l'érosion en recouvrant la face frontale du mur de soutènement, c'est-à-dire la face visible. Il est le plus souvent réalisé à partir d'éléments préfabriqués et juxtaposés en béton, en forme de dalles ou de blocs. Il peut aussi être constitué de panneaux en treillis soudé métallique ou de gabions réalisés avec des fils métalliques tressés.The facing ensures the aesthetics and stability of the structure vis-à-vis erosion by covering the front face of the retaining wall, that is to say the visible face. It is most often made from prefabricated elements juxtaposed concrete, slabs or blocks. It may also consist of metal welded mesh panels or gabions made with braided metal son.
Les renforcements peuvent être réalisés dans divers matériaux, tels que le métal (et plus particulièrement l'acier galvanisé) et les matériaux synthétiques. Ils sont mis en place dans le remblai avec une densité dépendant des contraintes pouvant s'exercer sur l'ouvrage, les efforts de poussée du terrain étant repris par le frottement entre le remblai et les renforcements.The reinforcements may be made of various materials, such as metal (and more particularly galvanized steel) and synthetic materials. They are placed in the embankment with a density depending on the constraints that can be exerted on the structure, the thrust forces of the ground being taken up by the friction between the embankment and reinforcements.
Dans la grande majorité des cas, les renforcements sont fournis sous forme de bandes de stabilisation ayant une longueur d'environ 3 m à 10 m, bien que des bandes plus courtes ou plus longues puissent être employées. La largeur des bandes est généralement comprise entre 4 cm et 10 cm, bien qu'il soit possible d'utiliser des bandes de largeur allant jusqu'à 10 cm ou 25 cm, voire davantage. L'épaisseur varie, par exemple d'environ 1 mm à quelques centimètres et est généralement comprise entre 1 mm et 6 mm. Ces bandes de stabilisation transmettent les forces dans le remblai permettant ainsi de distribuer les efforts.In the vast majority of cases, the reinforcements are provided in the form of stabilizing strips having a length of about 3 m to 10 m, although shorter or longer strips may be employed. The width of the strips is generally between 4 cm and 10 cm, although it is possible to use strips of width up to 10 cm or 25 cm or more. The thickness varies, for example from about 1 mm to a few centimeters and is generally between 1 mm and 6 mm. These stabilization strips transmit the forces in the embankment thus distributing the forces.
En particulier, il est nécessaire de transmettre les efforts entre une bande de stabilisation et le remblai dans lequel elle est placée. Par ailleurs, il est préférable que la bande de stabilisation soit capable de transmettre les efforts sur toute sa longueur.In particular, it is necessary to transmit the forces between a stabilizing strip and the embankment in which it is placed. Moreover, it is preferable that the stabilizing strip is capable of transmitting the forces along its entire length.
Une solution connue de l'homme du métier consiste à utiliser des bandes de stabilisation comprenant une gaine longitudinale qui interagit avec le remblai par frottement. Les bandes de stabilisation comprennent également un renfort composé d'un ensemble de fibres disposées longitudinalement, parallèlement entre elles et noyées à l'intérieur de la gaine dans sa partie centrale de manière à renforcer la résistance à la traction. La gaine est généralement en polyéthylène, et les fibres en polyester. Quand cela est nécessaire, une solution connue de l'homme du métier pour accroître la résistance de frottement entre les bandes et le remblai consiste à munir la gaine longitudinale d'une partie centrale comprenant les fibres de renfort et de parties latérales faisant saillie afin de mieux interagir avec les grains constituant le remblai.A solution known to those skilled in the art consists in using stabilization strips comprising a longitudinal sheath which interacts with the embankment by friction. The stabilizing strips also comprise a reinforcement composed of a set of fibers arranged longitudinally, parallel to each other and embedded inside the sheath in its central part so as to reinforce the tensile strength. The sheath is usually made of polyethylene, and the polyester fibers. When necessary, a solution known to those skilled in the art for increasing the frictional resistance between the strips and the backfill consists in providing the longitudinal sheath with a central portion comprising the reinforcing fibers and the projecting lateral portions so as to better interact with the grains constituting the embankment.
Les fibres en polyester présentent l'inconvénient d'être sensibles à l'alcalinité environnante et peuvent se dégrader lorsque les bandes de stabilisation qui les renferment sont utilisées par exemple dans des sols basiques. C'est par exemple le cas des sols fins traités avec de la chaux ou des liants hydrauliques permettant d'améliorer leur ouvrabilité et/ou leur stabilité.The polyester fibers have the disadvantage of being sensitive to the surrounding alkalinity and can degrade when the stabilizing strips which contain them are used for example in basic soils. This is for example the case of fine soils treated with lime or hydraulic binders to improve their workability and / or stability.
Ainsi, il est intéressant de pouvoir utiliser d'autres types de fibres qui sont très peu sensibles à la nature du remblai ; par exemple des fibres de poly(alcool de vinyle).Thus, it is interesting to be able to use other types of fibers which are very insensitive to the nature of the embankment; for example, polyvinyl alcohol fibers.
Les inventeurs ont cherché à réaliser des bandes de stabilisation comprenant une gaine en polyéthylène et un renfort composé d'un ensemble de fibres en poly(alcool de vinyle).The inventors have sought to produce stabilizing strips comprising a polyethylene sheath and a reinforcement composed of a set of polyvinyl alcohol fibers.
Lors de certains essais d'adhérence entre ces bandes de stabilisation et le remblai, sous de forts confinements de remblai, il est arrivé que les fibres glissent dans la gaine là où la bande devrait garder son intégrité et que la bande soit conduite à glisser par rapport au remblais l'entourant. Il en a été conclu que l'absence de lien chimique entre la gaine en polyéthylène et les fibres de poly(alcool de vinyle) conduisait à une résistance d'adhésion insuffisante entre les fibres et la gaine.In some adhesion tests between these stabilization strips and the embankment, under strong backfill confinements, the fibers have sometimes slipped into the duct where the web should remain intact and the web compared to the surrounding embankment. It was concluded that the lack of a chemical link between the polyethylene sheath and the polyvinyl alcohol fibers resulted in insufficient adhesion strength between the fibers and the sheath.
La présente invention cherche donc à pallier les inconvénients de l'art antérieur décrit ci-dessus. En particulier, la présente invention cherche à permettre la réalisation de bandes de stabilisation qui ne soient pas sensibles à leur environnement (et de préférence pouvant être utilisées pour différents types de remblai) tout en présentant une résistance à la traction élevée et en permettant la mesure de leurs propriétés mécaniques de manière fiable.The present invention therefore seeks to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art described above. In particular, the present invention seeks to allow the realization of stabilization strips that are not sensitive to their environment (and preferably can be used for different types of embankment) while having a high tensile strength and allowing the measurement their mechanical properties reliably.
Pour cela, la présente invention propose une bande de stabilisation renforcée pour ouvrages en remblai renforcé, comprenant des fibres longues de renfort et une gaine longitudinale entourant ou renfermant les fibres longues de renfort, la gaine étant au moins partiellement en une matière polymère fonctionnalisée comprenant une polyoléfine fonctionnalisée.For this, the present invention provides a reinforced stabilization strip for reinforced embankment structures comprising long reinforcing fibers and a longitudinal sheath surrounding or enclosing the long reinforcing fibers, the sheath being at least partially made of a functionalized polymeric material comprising a functionalized polyolefin.
La fonctionnalisation de la polyoléfine permet de conférer à la matière polymère fonctionnalisée de la gaine des groupements fonctionnels avec lesquels le matériau des fibres de renfort peut réagir créant ainsi des liaisons entre les fibres de renfort et la gaine qui empêchent leur désolidarisation en augmentant la force d'adhérence entre les fibres de renfort et la gaine.The functionalization of the polyolefin makes it possible to confer on the functionalized polymer material of the cladding functional groups with which the material of the reinforcing fibers can react, thus creating bonds between the reinforcing fibers and the sheath which prevent their separation by increasing the force of the reinforcing fibers. adhesion between the reinforcing fibers and the sheath.
D'autres caractéristiques optionnelles et non limitatives sont présentées ci-dessous.Other optional and non-limiting features are presented below.
La polyoléfine fonctionnalisée comprend avantageusement 0,01% à 45% de fonctionnalisation.The functionalized polyolefin advantageously comprises 0.01% to 45% functionalization.
La matière polymère fonctionnalisée peut comprendre un mélange de polymère non-fonctionnalisé et de polyoléfine fonctionnalisée. De préférence, le polymère non-fonctionnalisé est une polyoléfine non-fonctionnalisée. De préférence, la polyoléfine non-fonctionnalisée est un polyéthylène non fonctionnalisé, toujours de préférence un polyéthylène basse densité linéaire non-fonctionnalisé. Le ratio massique polyoléfine fonctionnalisée:polymère non-fonctionnalisé est compris entre 1:9 et 10:0.The functionalized polymeric material may comprise a mixture of non-functionalized polymer and functionalized polyolefin. Preferably, the non-functionalized polymer is a non-functionalized polyolefin. Preferably, the non-functionalized polyolefin is a nonfunctionalized polyethylene, still preferably a non-functionalized linear low density polyethylene. The functionalized polyolefin mass ratio: unfunctionalized polymer is between 1: 9 and 10: 0.
La matière polymère fonctionnalisée présente avantageusement un gradient de fonctionnalisation avec un maximum au contact des fibres de renfort et qui diminue au fur et à mesure que l'on s'éloigne des fibres de renfort.The functionalized polymeric material advantageously has a functionalization gradient with a maximum in contact with the reinforcing fibers and which decreases as one moves away from the reinforcing fibers.
Dans un mode particulier de l'invention, la polyoléfine fonctionnalisée est une polyoléfine substituée par un élément chimique présentant un groupement fonctionnel choisi parmi les anhydrides d'acide mono ou di-carboxylique ou sur laquelle l'élément chimique a été greffé. De préférence, l'élément chimique est un groupement anhydride maléique, anhydride phtalique ou un acide acrylique.In a particular embodiment of the invention, the functionalized polyolefin is a polyolefin substituted with a chemical element having a functional group chosen from mono or di-carboxylic acid anhydrides or on which the chemical element has been grafted. Preferably, the chemical element is a maleic anhydride, phthalic anhydride or acrylic acid group.
La gaine peut comprendre en outre une zone non-fonctionnalisée entourant ou renfermant la matière polymère fonctionnalisée. Cette zone non-fonctionnalisée est en un polymère non-fonctionnalisé, par exemple le même polymère non-fonctionnalisé du mélange formant la matière polymère fonctionnalisée, ou un autre.The sheath may further include a non-functionalized area surrounding or enclosing the functionalized polymeric material. This non-functionalized zone is a non-functionalized polymer, for example the same non-functionalized polymer of the mixture forming the functionalized polymeric material, or another.
Les fibres de renfort sont avantageusement en un matériau choisi parmi le poly(alcool de vinyle), les polyesters, le verre de silice, les polyamides linéaires ou aromatiques et les métaux. Les fibres de renfort peuvent être sous forme de fils, torons, ou cordes ; ces fils, torons ou cordes pouvant être filés ou tressés.The reinforcing fibers are advantageously made of a material chosen from polyvinyl alcohol, polyesters, silica glass, linear or aromatic polyamides and metals. The reinforcing fibers may be in the form of wires, strands, or ropes; these yarns, strands or ropes that can be spun or braided.
La gaine peut comprendre en outre au moins un bord longitudinal exempt de fibres de renfort et présentant des crans.The sheath may further comprise at least one longitudinal edge free of reinforcing fibers and having notches.
La bande de stabilisation peut présenter deux extrémités longitudinales jointes l'une à l'autre prenant ainsi la forme d'une boucle.The stabilizing strip may have two longitudinal ends joined to each other thus taking the form of a loop.
La présente invention propose également une nappe de stabilisation réalisée au moins en partie avec des bandes de stabilisation telles que décrites ci-dessus. Cette nappe de stabilisation peut être réalisée sous la forme d'une géogrille formée par une chaîne et une trame composées de bandes de stabilisation (1), la chaine et la trame étant tissées ou superposées l'une à l'autre. Les bandes de stabilisation de la chaine et de la trame sont liées en certains points d'intersection par soudage à chaud ou collage.The present invention also provides a stabilizing ply made at least in part with stabilizing strips as described above. This stabilizing sheet can be made in the form of a geogrid formed by a chain and a frame composed of stabilizing strips (1), the warp and the weft being woven or superimposed on one another. The stabilization strips of the warp and the weft are linked at certain points of intersection by hot welding or bonding.
La présente invention propose encore un ouvrage en remblai renforcé comprenant :
- du remblai; et
- au moins une bande de stabilisation telle que décrite ci-dessus, et/ou au moins une nappe de stabilisation également décrite ci-dessus, ladite au moins une bande de stabilisation et/ou ladite au moins une nappe de stabilisation étant disposée sensiblement horizontalement sur un ou plusieurs niveaux dans le remblai.
- embankment; and
- at least one stabilizing strip as described above, and / or at least one stabilizing sheet also described above, said at least one stabilizing strip and / or said at least one stabilizing sheet being disposed substantially horizontally on one or more levels in the embankment.
Cet ouvrage en remblai renforcé peut comprendre en outre un parement et des connecteurs pour connecter au moins une partie des bandes de stabilisation et/ou des nappes de stabilisation au parement. Ces connecteurs peuvent également être formés par des bandes de stabilisation, en particulier celles présentant une forme de boucle.This reinforced embankment structure may further comprise a cladding and connectors for connecting at least a portion of the stabilization strips and / or stabilizing tablecloths. These connectors may also be formed by stabilizing strips, in particular those having a loop shape.
La présente invention propose enfin un procédé de fabrication d'une bande de stabilisation telle que décrite ci-dessus, ledit procédé comprenant :
- le chauffage de la matière polymère fonctionnalisée à au moins la température d'activation du groupement fonctionnel;
- la mise en forme de la matière polymère fonctionnalisée autour des fibres de renfort afin de former la gaine entourant ou renfermant les fibres de renfort.
- heating the functionalized polymeric material to at least the activation temperature of the functional group;
- shaping the functionalized polymeric material around the reinforcing fibers to form the sheath surrounding or enclosing the reinforcing fibers.
Le procédé peut comprendre en outre l'étirage des fibres de renfort, et la mise en forme de la matière polymère fonctionnalisée peut être réalisée par extrusion de la matière polymère fonctionnalisée autour des fibres de renfort.The method may further comprise drawing the reinforcing fibers, and shaping of the functionalized polymeric material may be effected by extruding the functionalized polymeric material around the reinforcing fibers.
Le procédé peut encore comprendre le chauffage du polymère non-fonctionnalisé et l'étirage des fibres de renfort ;
dans lequel la mise en forme de la matière polymère fonctionnalisée est réalisée par coextrusion de la matière polymère fonctionnalisée autour des fibres de renfort et du polymère non-fonctionnalisé autour de la matière polymère fonctionnalisée formant la zone non-fonctionnalisée de la gaine entourant ou renfermant la matière polymère fonctionnalisée.The method may further include heating the non-functionalized polymer and stretching the reinforcing fibers;
wherein shaping of the functionalized polymeric material is effected by coextruding the functionalized polymeric material around the reinforcing fibers and the non-functionalized polymer around the functionalized polymeric material forming the non-functionalized zone of the sheath surrounding or enclosing the functionalized polymeric material.
L'étirage des fibres de renfort est avantageusement effectué à mesure que la gaine est extrudée.The stretching of the reinforcing fibers is advantageously carried out as the sheath is extruded.
D'autres objectifs, caractéristiques et avantages apparaitront à la lecture de la description détaillée qui suit en référence aux dessins donnés à titre illustratif et non limitatif, parmi lesquels :
- la
figure 1 est une illustration schématique d'une bande de stabilisation selon l'invention, dont la gaine est entièrement en matière polymère fonctionnalisée ; - la
figure 2 est une illustration schématique d'une bande de stabilisation selon l'invention, dont la gaine comprend une zone non-fonctionnalisée entourant ou renfermant la matière polymère fonctionnalisée ; - la
figure 3 est une illustration schématique d'une bande de stabilisation selon l'invention, dont la gaine est entièrement en matière polymère fonctionnalisée et présentant des crans ; - la
figure 4 est une illustration schématique d'une bande de stabilisation selon l'invention, dont la gaine comprend une zone non-fonctionnalisée entourant ou renfermant la matière polymère fonctionnalisée et présentant des crans ; - la
figure 5 est une illustration schématique d'une nappe de stabilisation comprenant une chaîne en bandes de stabilisation et une trame en bandes de stabilisation superposées ; - la
figure 6 représente une illustration schématique d'une nappe de stabilisation comprenant une chaîne en bandes de stabilisation et une trame en bandes de stabilisation tissées, ce type de configuration correspond à la définition d'une géogrille de renforcement ; - la
figure 7 représente une illustration schématique d'un ouvrage en remblai renforcé pouvant être réalisé avec des bandes de stabilisation de l'une desfigures 1 à 4 , alternativement avec des nappes de lafigure 5 ou 6 ; - la
figure 8 représente un organigramme présentant les différentes étapes du procédé de fabrication d'une bande de stabilisation selon la présente invention ; - la
figure 9 est une illustration schématique d'une bande de stabilisation découpée pour la mesure de la force d'adhérence entre les fibres de renfort et la gaine.
- the
figure 1 is a schematic illustration of a stabilizing strip according to the invention, the sheath of which is entirely of functionalized polymer material; - the
figure 2 is a schematic illustration of a stabilization strip according to the invention, the sheath of which comprises a non-functional zone surrounding or enclosing the functionalized polymeric material; - the
figure 3 is a schematic illustration of a stabilization strip according to the invention, the sheath of which is entirely of functionalized polymer material and having notches; - the
figure 4 is a schematic illustration of a stabilizing strip according to the invention, the sheath of which comprises a non-functional zone surrounding or containing the functionalized polymeric material having notches; - the
figure 5 is a schematic illustration of a stabilization ply comprising a stabilizing band and a superimposed stabilizing band; - the
figure 6 is a schematic illustration of a stabilization ply comprising a stabilization band and a woven stabilization band, this type of configuration corresponds to the definition of a reinforcement geogrid; - the
figure 7 is a schematic illustration of a reinforced embankment structure that can be realized with stabilization strips of one of theFigures 1 to 4 alternatively with tablecloths of thefigure 5 or 6 ; - the
figure 8 represents a flowchart showing the different steps of the method of manufacturing a stabilizing strip according to the present invention; - the
figure 9 is a schematic illustration of a cut stabilization strip for measuring the adhesive force between the reinforcing fibers and the sheath.
En référence aux
Cette bande de stabilisation 1 comprend des fibres longues de renfort 12 et une gaine 11 longitudinale entourant ou renfermant les fibres longues de renfort 12. La gaine 11 est au moins partiellement en une matière polymère fonctionnalisée comprenant une polyoléfine fonctionnalisée (Po-f).This stabilizing strip 1 comprises long reinforcing
Une polyoléfine est un polymère aliphatique saturé, éventuellement substitué, et issu de la polymérisation d'une oléfine (aussi appelée alcène).A polyolefin is a saturated aliphatic polymer, optionally substituted, and derived from the polymerization of an olefin (also called alkene).
La polyoléfine fonctionnalisée peut être choisie parmi les polyéthylènes fonctionnalisés, les polypropylènes fonctionnalisés, ou les copolymères oléfiniques fonctionnalisés comme l'éthylène-acétate de vinyle (EVA) fonctionnalisé. On choisira de préférence les polyéthylènes fonctionnalisés et en particulier le polyéthylène basse densité linéaire fonctionnalisé.The functionalized polyolefin may be chosen from functionalized polyethylenes, functionalized polypropylenes, or functionalized olefinic copolymers such as functionalized ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA). The functionalized polyethylenes and in particular the functionalized linear low density polyethylene will preferably be chosen.
On comprendra dans le cadre du présent exposé le terme « fonctionnalisation » comme désignant une modification de la polyoléfine en la substituant avec un élément chimique comprenant un groupement fonctionnel ou une insaturation ou en greffant l'élément chimique sur la polyoléfine. La modification de la polyoléfine peut également conduire à la création d'une insaturation dans la chaîne de la polyoléfine. Le groupement fonctionnel est quant à lui capable de réagir avec le matériau des fibres de renfort 12, par création de liaisons covalentes ou de liaisons hydrogène avec celui-ci.Within the scope of this disclosure, the term "functionalization" will be understood to mean a modification of the polyolefin by substituting it with a chemical element comprising a functional group or unsaturation or by grafting the chemical element onto the polyolefin. Modification of the polyolefin may also lead to the creation of unsaturation in the polyolefin chain. The functional group is itself capable of reacting with the material of the reinforcing
En particulier, le groupement fonctionnel peut être choisi parmi les anhydrides d'acide mono ou di-carboxylique.In particular, the functional group may be chosen from mono or di-carboxylic acid anhydrides.
Par exemple, l'élément chimique substituant un atome d'hydrogène dans la chaîne carbonée de la polyoléfine peut être : un groupement anhydride maléique, anhydride phtalique ou un acide acrylique ; le groupement anhydride maléique étant le plus généralement utilisé.For example, the chemical element substituting a hydrogen atom in the carbon chain of the polyolefin may be: a maleic anhydride group, phthalic anhydride or an acrylic acid; the maleic anhydride group being the most commonly used.
Il n'est pas nécessaire de prévoir un nombre important de groupements fonctionnels dans la Po-f. En effet, de manière générale, la fonctionnalisation de la Po-f est comprise entre 0,01% en masse et 45% en masse. Au-delà de 45 % en masse de fonctionnalisation, on ne parlera plus de polyoléfine. Avantageusement le taux de fonctionnalisation est compris entre 0,01% en masse et 30% en masse, de préférence entre 0,01% en masse et 15% en masse, encore de préférence entre 0,01% en masse et 5% en masse, toujours de préférence entre 0,1% en masse et 2% en masse.It is not necessary to provide a large number of functional groups in Po-f. Indeed, in general, the functionalization of the Po-f is between 0.01% by weight and 45% by weight. Above 45% by weight of functionalization, we will no longer speak of polyolefin. Advantageously, the degree of functionalization is between 0.01% by weight and 30% by weight, preferably between 0.01% by weight and 15% by weight, more preferably between 0.01% by weight and 5% by weight. , still preferably between 0.1% by weight and 2% by weight.
Le taux de fonctionnalisation de la Po-f doit être compris comme le rapport entre la masse de groupements fonctionnels ayant réagi avec la polyoléfine et la masse totale de polyoléfine fonctionnalisée Po-f. Il peut également être calculé par le gain en masse entre la polyoléfine non fonctionnalisée (Po-nf) initiale et la polyoléfine fonctionnalisée Po-f. Par exemple, si 10 g d'anhydride maléique ont réagit avec une polyoléfine et que la masse totale de la Po-f est de 100 g, alors le taux de fonctionnalisation est de 10% en masse. La matière polymère fonctionnalisée peut comprendre 100 % en poids de Po-f ou un mélange de Po-f et de polymère non-fonctionnalisé. Ce polymère non-fonctionnalisé est un polymère compatible avec la polyoléfine fonctionnalisée, c'est-à-dire que leur mélange est stable dans le temps et qu'aucune séparation de phase n'est observable. Ils sont dits totalement miscibles. Le polymère non-fonctionnalisé est de préférence choisi parmi les polyéthylènes non-fonctionnalisés (PE-nf), le polypropylène non-fonctionnalisé (PP-nf), les copolymères oléfiniques comme l'éthylène-acétate de vinyle (EVA-nf). Le polymère non-fonctionnalisé préféré est le polyéthylène basse densité linéaire (PEBDL-nf).The degree of functionalization of the Po-f should be understood as the ratio between the mass of functional groups reacted with the polyolefin and the total mass of functionalized polyolefin Po-f. It can also be calculated by the mass gain between the initial nonfunctionalized polyolefin (Po-nf) and the functionalized polyolefin Po-f. For example, if 10 g of maleic anhydride has reacted with a polyolefin and the total weight of Po-f is 100 g, then the degree of functionalization is 10% by weight. The functionalized polymeric material may comprise 100% by weight of Po-f or a mixture of Po-f and non-functionalized polymer. This non-functionalized polymer is a polymer compatible with the functionalized polyolefin, that is to say that their mixture is stable over time and no phase separation is observable. They are said to be completely miscible. The non-functionalized polymer is preferably selected from non-functionalized polyethylenes (PE-nf), unfunctionalized polypropylene (PP-nf), olefinic copolymers such as ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA-nf). The preferred non-functionalized polymer is linear low density polyethylene (LDPE-nf).
Avantageusement, le ratio massique Po-f:polymère non-fonctionnalisé, est compris entre 1:9 et 10:0. Le ratio massique Po-f, de préférence PEBDL-f:polymère non-fonctionnalisé, de préférence PEBDL-nf, peut être compris entre 1:4 et 1:1.Advantageously, the mass ratio Po-f: nonfunctionalized polymer is between 1: 9 and 10: 0. The weight ratio Po-f, preferably LLDPE-f: non-functionalized polymer, preferably LLDPE-nf, can be between 1: 4 and 1: 1.
La matière polymère fonctionnalisée 111 peut présenter un gradient de fonctionnalisation avec un maximum au contact des fibres de renfort 12 et qui diminue au fur et à mesure que l'on s'éloigne des fibres de renfort 12. Le gradient peut être continu ou par paliers.The
La gaine 11 peut en plus comprendre une zone non-fonctionnalisée 112 entourant ou renfermant la matière polymère fonctionnalisée 111. Ainsi, le coût de la gaine 11 peut être diminué car de manière générale, le polymère non-fonctionnalisé (ou Po-nf) est moins onéreux que le Po-f. Le polymère de la zone non-fonctionnalisée peut être le même que celui du mélange conduisant à la matière polymère fonctionnalisée ou différent, et choisi parmi ceux mentionnés ci-dessus pour le mélange.The
Un ou plusieurs canaux 13 peuvent être formés à l'intérieur de la gaine 11, les fibres de renfort 12 étant étirées à l'intérieur de ces canaux 13. L'augmentation du nombre de canaux 13 permet d'augmenter la surface de contact entre les fibres longues de renfort 12 et la gaine 11, et par conséquent la résistance d'interaction entre ces deux éléments constitutifs. De préférence, le nombre de canaux est compris entre 5 et 20.One or
Les fibres de renfort 12 sont constituées de tout matériau permettant de renforcer la résistance à la traction de la bande de stabilisation. Elles sont avantageusement en un matériau choisi parmi le poly(alcool de vinyle) (PVAL), les polyesters, le verre de silice, les polyamides linéaires ou aromatiques (encore dénommés aramides) et les métaux, ou un mélange de ceux-ci. Si deux ou plusieurs matériaux sont utilisés, les fibres de renfort en un des matériaux donné peuvent être regroupées ensemble, ou la composition en fibres de renfort dans chacun des canaux 13 différente de celle d'un autre, mais de préférence, la composition en fibres de renfort est la même dans chacun des canaux 23. The reinforcing
Parmi les fibres mentionnées, les fibres en PVAL, sont privilégiées. En effet, contrairement aux polyesters, au verre, aux polyamides linéaires, aux aramides et aux métaux, ces matériaux ne sont pas sensibles à la nature du remblai (et notamment au pH du sol entrant dans la composition du remblai).Among the mentioned fibers, PVAL fibers are preferred. In fact, unlike polyesters, glass, linear polyamides, aramids and metals, these materials are not sensitive to the nature of the backfill (and especially to the soil pH used in the backfill composition).
Les fibres de renfort 12 sont avantageusement disposées dans la gaine 11 parallèlement à la longueur de celle-ci, et parallèlement les unes aux autres. Elles peuvent être brutes, c'est-à-dire non filées.The reinforcing
Les fibres de renfort 12 peuvent également être présentes sous forme de fils parallèles les uns aux autres. Un « fil » résulte du filage des fibres. C'est-à-dire que les fibres sont toutes orientées dans le même sens et tordues ensemble. Un fil composé de fibres est plus résistant en traction que l'ensemble des fibres simplement mises les unes à côté des autres, en effet, le filage renforce les propriétés mécaniques des fibres.The reinforcing
Les fibres de renfort 12 peuvent également être présentes sous forme de torons ou de cordes parallèles les uns aux autres, comme décrit dans le document
Les fibres de renfort 12 peuvent également être composées d'un mélange comprenant au moins deux éléments parmi fibres brutes, fils, torons et cordes.The reinforcing
La gaine 11 peut comprendre au moins un bord longitudinal 113 haute adhérence exempt de fibres de renfort et présentant des crans 114 (voir
De manière générale, et comme déjà précisé ci-dessus, la bande de stabilisation 1 a une longueur d'environ 3 m à 10 m, bien que des bandes de stabilisation 1 plus longues ou plus courtes peuvent également être prévues. La largeur de la bande de stabilisation 1 est comprise entre 4 cm et 6 cm, bien qu'il soit possible de fabriquer des bandes de largeur plus grandes allant jusqu'à 10 cm voire 25 cm. L'épaisseur de la bande de stabilisation 1 varie entre 1 mm et quelques centimètres, mais préférentiellement entre 1 mm et 6 mm.In general, and as already stated above, the stabilizing strip 1 has a length of about 3 m to 10 m, although longer or shorter stabilizing strips 1 may also be provided. The width of the stabilizing strip 1 is between 4 cm and 6 cm, although it is possible to manufacture strips of greater width of up to 10 cm or even 25 cm. The thickness of the stabilizing strip 1 varies between 1 mm and a few centimeters, but preferably between 1 mm and 6 mm.
La bande de stabilisation 1 peut présenter deux extrémités longitudinales jointes l'une à l'autre prenant ainsi la forme d'une boucle. Une telle boucle en bande de stabilisation peut être utilisée comme connecteur pour relier les bandes de stabilisation aux parements de l'ouvrage en remblai renforcé. De préférence le périmètre de la boucle est compris entre 40 cm et 80 cm.The stabilizing strip 1 may have two longitudinal ends joined to each other thus taking the form of a loop. Such a stabilizing strip loop can be used as a connector for connecting the stabilization strips to the facings of the reinforced embankment structure. Preferably the perimeter of the loop is between 40 cm and 80 cm.
Plusieurs bandes de stabilisation 1 peuvent former au moins une partie d'une nappe de stabilisation 10, avantageusement sous la forme d'une géogrille formée par une chaîne comprenant des bandes de stabilisation et une trame comprenant également des bandes de stabilisation. La chaine et la trame sont superposées (
La fixation des bandes de stabilisation le de la chaine et des bandes de stabilisation 1t de la trame peut être réalisée par soudage à chaud ou collage. Les procédés de soudage connus pour les gaine en polyoléfine sont le soudage par air chaud, le soudage miroir, le soudage par coin chaud, le soudage par ultrasons, le soudage par infrarouges.Fixing the stabilizing strips of the chain and 1t stabilizing strips of the frame may be accomplished by heat sealing or gluing. Known welding processes for polyolefin sheaths are hot air welding, mirror welding, hot wedge welding, ultrasonic welding, infrared welding.
La bande de stabilisation 1 décrite ci-dessus est utilisée dans la construction d'ouvrages en remblai renforcé 2 (
Le remblai 21 comprend généralement un mélange ou un assemblage pouvant comprendre au moins un matériau parmi du sable, du gravier, du sol fin, de roches concassées, des matériaux recyclés comme des matériaux issus de démolition de bâtiments ou d'ouvrages de génie civil, des résidus industriels, des liants comme la chaux ou le ciment.
Généralement, un tel ouvrage en remblai renforcé 2 comprend également un parement 22 et des connecteurs 23 pour connecter au moins une partie des bandes de stabilisation 1 au parement 22. Le parement 22 peut être réalisé à partir d'éléments préfabriqués 221 et juxtaposés en béton, en forme de dalles ou de blocs. Il peut aussi être constitué de panneaux en treillis soudé métallique ou de gabions réalisés avec des fils métalliques tressés.Generally, such a reinforced
Les bandes de stabilisation 1 peuvent être utilisées telles quelles, c'est-à-dire qu'elles sont disposées individuellement lors de la construction de l'ouvrage en remblai renforcé 2. The stabilizing strips 1 can be used as they are, that is to say they are arranged individually during the construction of the reinforced
Lorsque les bandes de stabilisation 1 sont sous la forme de nappes de stabilisation 10, tout un ensemble de bandes de stabilisation 1 est disposé en une opération lors de la construction de l'ouvrage en remblai renforcé 2. L'avantage est un gain de temps pour la pose des bandes de stabilisation 1 par rapport à la pose individuelle. Un autre avantage est la simplification de la pose car l'écart entre les bandes de stabilisation 1 est préalablement défini lors de la fabrication de la nappe de stabilisation 10. When the stabilizing strips 1 are in the form of stabilization plies 10, a whole set of stabilizing strips 1 is arranged in one operation during the construction of the reinforced
Les connecteurs 23 peuvent être des bandes de stabilisation 1, notamment sous la forme de boucles réalisés par enroulement et assemblage. Dans ce cas, l'adhérence entre les fils et la gaine est primordiale pour assurer la résistance de la boucle.The
En référence à la
Le procédé de fabrication d'une bande de stabilisation telle que décrite ci-dessus comprend :
- le chauffage de la matière polymère fonctionnalisé au moins à la température d'activation du groupement fonctionnel du Po-f ; et
- la mise en forme de la matière polymère fonctionnalisée autour des fibres de renfort pour former la gaine entourant ou renfermant les fibres de renfort obtenant ainsi la bande de stabilisation.
- heating the functionalized polymeric material at least at the activation temperature of the functional group of Po-f; and
- shaping the functionalized polymeric material around the reinforcing fibers to form the sheath surrounding or enclosing the reinforcing fibers thereby obtaining the stabilizing band.
La température d'activation est la température à laquelle le groupement fonctionnel s'active et dépend de la nature de l'élément chimique fonctionnalisant la polyoléfine. Par exemple, la température d'activation pour l'anhydride maléique est de 180°C. Ainsi, avantageusement, la matière polymère fonctionnalisée par de l'anhydride maléique est chauffé à environ 180°C pendant quelques secondes en extrudeuse ou malaxeur.The activation temperature is the temperature at which the functional group is activated and depends on the nature of the chemical element functionalizing the polyolefin. For example, the activation temperature for maleic anhydride is 180 ° C. Thus, advantageously, the polymeric material functionalized with maleic anhydride is heated at about 180 ° C for a few seconds in an extruder or kneader.
Le procédé comprend avantageusement l'étirage des fibres de renfort suivant une direction d'étirage. La mise en forme de la matière polymère fonctionnalisée est réalisée par extrusion de la matière polymère fonctionnalisée autour des fibres de renfort dans le sens de la direction d'étirage.The method advantageously comprises drawing the reinforcing fibers in a direction of stretching. The shaping of the functionalized polymeric material is effected by extruding the functionalized polymeric material around the reinforcing fibers in the direction of the drawing direction.
Cette mise en oeuvre est avantageusement utilisée pour une gaine uniforme, c'est-à-dire ne comportant pas de zones non fonctionnalisées.This implementation is advantageously used for a uniform sheath, that is to say having no nonfunctional areas.
En variante, la mise en forme de la matière polymère fonctionnalisée est réalisée de manière à former un gradient de fonctionnalisé dans la matière polymère avec un maximum au contact des fibres de renfort et qui diminue au fur et à mesure que l'on s'éloigne des fibres de renfort.Alternatively, the shaping of the functionalized polymeric material is carried out so as to form a functionalized gradient in the polymeric material with a maximum in contact with the reinforcing fibers and which decreases as one goes further and further away. reinforcing fibers.
En plus, le procédé peut comprendre le chauffage de polymère non-fonctionnalisé, préférentiellement du PE-nf, plus préférentiellement encore du PEBDL-nf. La mise en forme de la matière polymère fonctionnalisée est réalisée par coextrusion de la matière polymère fonctionnalisée autour des fibres de renfort et du polymère non-fonctionnalisé autour de la matière polymère fonctionnalisée pour former la zone non fonctionnalisée de la gaine entourant ou renfermant la matière polymère fonctionnalisée.In addition, the process may comprise heating non-functionalized polymer, preferably PE-nf, more preferably still LDPE-nf. The shaping of the functionalized polymeric material is carried out by coextruding the functionalized polymeric material around the reinforcing fibers and the non-functionalized polymer around the functionalized polymeric material to form the non-functionalized zone of the sheath surrounding or enclosing the polymeric material. functionalized.
L'étirage des fibres de renfort peut être effectué à mesure que la gaine est extrudée, permettant un gain de temps et un gain d'espace pour la fabrication de la bande de stabilisation.The stretching of the reinforcing fibers can be carried out as the sheath is extruded, saving time and space for the manufacture of the stabilizing strip.
Préalablement à l'étirage des fibres de renfort, celles-ci peuvent avoir été filées en fils. Les fils peuvent avoir été filés ou tressés en torons et les torons peuvent avoir été filés ou tressés en cordes.Prior to stretching the reinforcing fibers, these may have been spun into yarns. The threads may have been spun or braided into strands and the strands may have been spun or braided into ropes.
Alternativement, les fibres de renfort sont déjà fournies sous la forme de fils, torons ou cordes, éventuellement préalablement étirés. Éventuellement, les fibres fournies sous la forme de fils ou de torons peuvent être filées ou tressées pour donner respectivement des torons ou des cordes.Alternatively, the reinforcing fibers are already provided in the form of son, strands or ropes, possibly previously stretched. Optionally, the fibers provided in the form of yarns or strands may be spun or braided to give respectively strands or ropes.
L'essai présenté ci-dessous est réalisé sur des bandes de stabilisation comprenant une gaine en une matière polymère fonctionnalisée comprenant un mélange de PEBDL-nf et de PEBDL-f dans les proportions présentées dans le tableau 1. Le PEBDL-f présente un taux de fonctionnalisation estimé à environ 1% en masse avec des éléments anhydride maléique. Un exemple de contrôle est également réalisé pour comparaison. La gaine de cet exemple de contrôle comprend 100% de PEBDL-nf.
Les bandes de stabilisation 1 comprennent un renfort en PVAL sous forme de torons présents à l'intérieur de la gaine. Les fibres de renfort en PVAL sont réparties dans 5 canaux 13 à l'intérieur de la gaine 11 et dont le canal central 131 mesure 7 mm de largeur et 2 mm de hauteur. La forme et la constitution des bandes de stabilisation sont identiques pour tous les ratios massiques PEBDL-f: PEBDL-nf testés et pour l'exemple de contrôle.The stabilizing strips 1 comprise a PVAL reinforcement in the form of strands present inside the sheath. The PVAL reinforcing fibers are distributed in 5
Une entaille En est réalisée sur deux bords latéraux opposés de la bande de stabilisation, laissant uniquement intact le canal central 131. À 10 cm du bord d'entaille, une incision In transversale est réalisée à travers le canal central 131 sur l'intégralité de sa largeur, sectionnant ainsi les torons se trouvant dans le canal centrale 131. Ainsi, entre l'entaille En et l'incision In, la bande de stabilisation 1 est laissée intacte sur 10 cm (voir
Chaque bande de stabilisation 1 ainsi préparée est disposée sur un banc de traction uniaxial. Les deux extrémités de la bande sont fixées au banc et une traction est appliquée entre les deux extrémités de manière à écarter les deux extrémités à une vitesse de 200 mm/min. La force nécessaire à l'écartement à 200 mm/min est relevée.Each stabilizing strip 1 thus prepared is placed on a uniaxial traction bench. The two ends of the band are fixed to the bench and traction is applied between the two ends so as to spread the two ends at a speed of 200 mm / min. The force required for spacing at 200 mm / min is raised.
Ainsi, la force d'adhérence entre les fibres de renfort et la gaine 11 a pu être mesurée sur une longueur de 10 cm correspondant à une surface de contact entre les fibres de renfort et la gaine 11 de 1 800 mm2. Les résultats sont consignés dans le tableau 2 suivant :
On observe ainsi que par rapport à une bande de stabilisation dont la gaine est entièrement en PEBDL-nf, le gain en force d'adhérence est déjà de 56% pour une gaine dont la matière polymère fonctionnalisée comprend 25% de PEBDL-f. Ce gain grimpe à plus de 110% pour les bandes de stabilisation avec une gaine dont la matière polymère fonctionnalisée comprend 50%, 75% et 100% de PEBDL-f.It is thus observed that with respect to a stabilizing strip whose sheath is entirely of LDPE-nf, the gain in adhesion strength is already 56% for a sheath whose functionalized polymeric material comprises 25% of PEBDL-f. This gain climbs to more than 110% for the stabilizing strips with a sheath whose functionalized polymer material comprises 50%, 75% and 100% of LLDPE-f.
Claims (20)
- Reinforced stabilisation strip (1) for reinforced embankment structures, comprising long reinforcement fibres (12) and a longitudinal sheath (11) surrounding or enclosing the long reinforcement fibres (12), the sheath (11) being made at least partially from a functionalised polymeric material (111) comprising a functionalised polyolefin.
- Stabilisation strip (1) according to claim 1, wherein the functionalised polyolefin comprises 0.01 wt.% to 45 wt.% functionalisation.
- Stabilisation strip (1) according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the functionalised polymeric material (111) comprises a mixture of non-functionalised polymer and functionalised polyolefin.
- Stabilisation strip (1) according to claim 3, wherein the mass ratio of functionalised polyolefin to non-functionalised polymer is between 1:9 and 10:0.
- Stabilisation strip (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the functionalised polymeric material (111) has a functionalisation gradient with a maximum at contact with the reinforcement fibres (12) and which decreases gradually and away from the reinforcement fibres (12).
- Stabilisation strip (1) according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the functionalised polyolefin is a polyolefin substituted by a chemical element having a functional group chosen from mono- or di-carboxylic acid anhydrides or on which the chemical element has been grafted.
- Stabilisation strip (1) according to claim 6, wherein the chemical element is a maleic anhydride or phthalic anhydride group or an acrylic acid.
- Stabilisation strip (1) according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the sheath (11) comprises a non-functionalised zone (112) surrounding or enclosing the functionalised polymeric material (111).
- Stabilisation strip (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the reinforcement fibres (12) are made of a material chosen from polyvinyl alcohol (PVAL), polyesters, silica glass, linear or aromatic polyamides and metals.
- Stabilisation strip (1) according to one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the reinforcement fibres (12) are in the form of threads, strands or cords; these threads, strands or cords being spun or braided.
- Stabilisation strip (1) according to one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the sheath (11) comprises at least one longitudinal edge (113) free from reinforcement fibres (12) and having notches (114).
- Stabilisation layer (10) produced at least partly with stabilisation strips (1) according to one of claims 1 to 11.
- Stabilisation layer (10) according to claim 12, produced in the form of a geogrid formed by a warp and a weft, the warp and the weft being partly composed of stabilisation strips (1), the warp and the weft being woven or superimposed one on the other.
- Stabilisation layer (10) according to claim 13, in which the stabilisation strips of the warp and weft are connected at certain intersection points by hot welding or adhesive bonding.
- Reinforced embankment structure (2) comprising:- fill (21); and- at least one stabilisation strip (1) according to one of claims 1 to 11 and/or at least one stabilisation layer (10) according to one of claims 12 to 14, said at least one stabilisation strip (1) and/or said at least one stabilisation layer (10) being disposed substantially horizontally on one or more levels in the embankment.
- Reinforced embankment structure (2) according to claim 15, further comprising a facing (22) and connectors (23) for connecting at least some of the stabilisation strips (1) to the facing (22).
- Method for manufacturing a stabilisation strip according to one of claims 1 to 11, comprising:- heating the functionalised polymeric material to at least the activation temperature of the functional group of the functionalised polyolefins; and- shaping the functionalised polymeric material around the reinforcement fibres in order to form the sheath surrounding or enclosing the reinforcement fibres thus obtaining the stabilisation strip.
- Method according to claim 17, comprising:- drawing the reinforcement fibres; shaping the functionalised polymeric material being carried out by extruding the functionalised polymeric material around the reinforcement fibres.
- Method according to claim 17, wherein:the method further comprises heating non-functionalised polymer and drawing the reinforcement fibres;wherein shaping the functionalised polymeric material is carried out by co-extruding the functionalised polymeric material around the reinforcement fibres and the non-functionalised polymer around the functionalised polymeric material thus forming the non-functionalised zone of the sheath surrounding or enclosing the functionalised polymeric material.
- Method according to claim 18 or claim 19, wherein drawing the reinforcement fibres is carried out as the sheath is extruded.
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PL14831041T PL3099860T3 (en) | 2014-01-27 | 2014-12-30 | Reinforced stabilisation strip for reinforced embankment structures, with a functionalised casing |
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FR1400193A FR3016904B1 (en) | 2014-01-27 | 2014-01-27 | REINFORCED STABILIZATION STRIP FOR REINFORCED REINFORCING ARTICLES WITH FUNCTIONALIZED SHEATH |
PCT/FR2014/053577 WO2015110725A1 (en) | 2014-01-27 | 2014-12-30 | Reinforced stabilisation strip for reinforced embankment structures, with a functionalised casing |
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US (1) | US20170009420A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3099860B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2017505865A (en) |
KR (1) | KR20160125398A (en) |
CN (1) | CN106133246A (en) |
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ES (1) | ES2670605T3 (en) |
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WO2022096538A1 (en) | 2020-11-03 | 2022-05-12 | Nv Bekaert Sa | Soil reinforcement strip and grid |
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IT201600103361A1 (en) * | 2016-10-14 | 2018-04-14 | S I L E M Srl | Artificial breakwater barrier and its construction method |
IT202100022499A1 (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2023-03-02 | Hyper Fibers S R L | REINFORCEMENT COMPOSITE STRIP |
IT202200008300A1 (en) * | 2022-04-27 | 2023-10-27 | Hyper Fibers S R L | CONTAINMENT SHEET AND RELATED CONTAINMENT STRUCTURE INCLUDING SAID CONTAINMENT SHEET |
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JPS6096441U (en) * | 1983-12-07 | 1985-07-01 | 津田 禎三 | reinforced soil |
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JPH02214767A (en) * | 1989-02-14 | 1990-08-27 | Kanegafuchi Chem Ind Co Ltd | Resin composition |
JPH062324A (en) * | 1992-06-17 | 1994-01-11 | Asahi Chem Ind Co Ltd | Faceplate part for reinforcing soil structure |
JP3301155B2 (en) * | 1993-04-15 | 2002-07-15 | 東レ株式会社 | Civil engineering sheet |
US5890843A (en) * | 1993-10-22 | 1999-04-06 | Societe Civile Des Brevets Henri Vidal | Strip for use in stabilized earth structures and method of making same |
JPH11200356A (en) * | 1998-01-14 | 1999-07-27 | Chisso Corp | Ground stabilizing agent |
JP2004137375A (en) * | 2002-10-17 | 2004-05-13 | Tonen Chem Corp | Modified polyolefin |
CA2455019A1 (en) * | 2003-01-10 | 2004-07-10 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Secondary coatings and fiber glass strands having a secondary coating |
WO2004099316A1 (en) * | 2003-05-05 | 2004-11-18 | Domo Caproleuna Gmbh | Polymer-nanocomposite blends |
CA2512461C (en) * | 2003-12-30 | 2009-04-07 | Samyang Corporation | A geogrid composed of fiber-reinforced polymeric strip and method for producing the same |
US20050158561A1 (en) * | 2004-01-16 | 2005-07-21 | General Electric Company | Weatherable multilayer articles and method for their preparation |
FR2919631B1 (en) * | 2007-07-31 | 2013-08-09 | Terre Armee Int | REINFORCED STABILIZING STRIP INTENDED FOR USE IN REINFORCED STRUCTURED WORKS |
FR2922235B1 (en) * | 2007-10-16 | 2009-12-18 | Terre Armee Int | STABILIZING STRIP INTENDED FOR USE IN STRENGTHENED SOIL WORKS |
FR2922234B1 (en) * | 2008-03-04 | 2017-12-22 | Terre Armee Int | FLEXIBLE STABILIZING STRIP INTENDED FOR USE IN REINFORCED STRUCTURED WORKS |
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FR2953943B1 (en) * | 2010-01-11 | 2013-04-05 | Terre Armee Int | FLEXIBLE STRIP COMPRISING AT LEAST ONE OPTICAL FIBER FOR PERFORMING DEFORMATION AND / OR TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS |
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2014
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WO2022096538A1 (en) | 2020-11-03 | 2022-05-12 | Nv Bekaert Sa | Soil reinforcement strip and grid |
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KR20160125398A (en) | 2016-10-31 |
CN106133246A (en) | 2016-11-16 |
PL3099860T3 (en) | 2018-08-31 |
FR3016904A1 (en) | 2015-07-31 |
JP2017505865A (en) | 2017-02-23 |
US20170009420A1 (en) | 2017-01-12 |
WO2015110725A1 (en) | 2015-07-30 |
ES2670605T3 (en) | 2018-05-31 |
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EP3099860A1 (en) | 2016-12-07 |
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