EP3095119B1 - Electromagnetic and dynamic actuator for active assembly bearings - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to an electromagnetic and dynamic actuator for active unit bearings, in particular for motor bearings, comprising an electrically conductive cylindrical coil, a first magnetic core of ferromagnetic material, a second magnetic core of ferromagnetic material and at least one permanent magnet, wherein the first and second magnetic core relative to each other in Direction of the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical coil are arranged displaceably.

A goal in the development of engines is to provide actuator concepts for unit bearings, which can adjust the bearing stiffness in a frequency-selective manner via a dynamic control as well as change the phase of an occurring vibration. In addition, these actuator concepts should be optimized with regard to production and assembly.

Active aggregate bearings are known from the prior art, which have polarized electromagnets.

From the DE 198 39 464 C2 is known an electrodynamic actuator with oscillating spring mass system, which consists of a conductive coil and a permanent magnet. The electrically conductive coil is arranged inside a radially magnetized ring magnet. Together permanent magnet and coil form a vibratory spring-mass system.

Out WO2007 / 034195 an actuator according to the preamble of claim 1 is known. The present invention has for its object to provide an actuator available, the structure over the prior art with respect to readiness and mountability is improved and can be operated in addition with a hub-independent linear magnetic force / current characteristic.

This object is achieved by means of an electromagnetic and dynamic actuator for active unit bearings, in particular for engine mounts, according to claim 1.

Advantageous developments of the actuator according to the invention are located in the subclaims 2 to 15. Hereby, the wording of these subclaims is incorporated by express reference in the description in order to avoid unnecessary text repetitions.

The actuator for motor bearings according to the invention comprises an electrically conductive cylindrical coil, a first magnetic core of ferromagnetic material, a second magnetic core of ferromagnetic material and at least one permanent magnet. The first and the second magnetic core are arranged displaceable relative to one another in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical coil. It is essential that the first magnetic core substantially encloses the cylindrical coil and is interrupted by a nonmagnetic separating element on a side of the cylindrical coil facing the permanent magnet. It is also essential that the permanent magnet is at least simply interrupted in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical coil and thus has at least two parts.

In the context of this description, the term "non-magnetic separating element" denotes a recess which preferably passes through or interrupts the first magnetic core. This recess is filled with a material having a high magnetic resistance, that is, a relative permeability in the order of μ _r ≈1. It is within the scope of the invention that the recess is filled with air.

It is also within the scope of the invention that the recess, as the non-magnetic separator is formed, does not completely interrupt the first magnetic core. It is essential here that the magnetic resistance increases due to the reduction in the cross-section of the first magnet core caused by the recess. Preferably, the reduction of the material cross-section increases with decreasing distance from the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical coil, in particular in such a way that remains on the second magnetic core side facing a saturable web or residual web of the first magnetic core. Most preferably, the reduction of the material cross section of the first magnetic core such that even at a low magnetic flux in the remaining saturation web of the first magnetic core, a magnetic saturation and the relative permeability of μ _r ≈1 is achieved. It is advantageous here that the assembly is simplified and the second magnetic core with the residual web in each case faces a flush surface of the first magnetic core.

In the context of this description, "at least simply interrupted" means that the permanent magnet consists of at least two parts, which are spatially separated or spaced apart from one another. The at least two parts of the permanent magnet are according to the invention formed interrupted in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical coil and spaced from each other accordingly.

Advantageously, the permanent magnet is formed in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical coil of exactly two parts. This facilitates the assembly of the actuator and allows a more compact and robust design.

A preferred embodiment of the actuator according to the invention is characterized in that the magnetization direction of the permanent magnet is magnetized substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical coil, preferably diametrically. Particularly preferably, the parts of the permanent magnet are formed as radially magnetized ring magnets, which are arranged parallel to each other in two different planes perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical coil and whose magnetization is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the coil. Particularly preferably, the parts of the permanent magnet have the same polarity, that is, the orientations of the magnetic north pole and the magnetic south pole coincide.

Preferably, the two parts of the permanent magnet at least partially cover a respectively opposite portion of the first magnetic core. The arrangement can be constructed in such a way that the second magnetic core, the permanent magnet, the first magnetic core and the cylindrical coil follow one another spatially in the relevant sectional plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical coil. It is advantageous that at least one of the two parts of the permanent magnet, Preferably, both in projection perpendicular to the coil axis on the first magnetic core at least partially overlaps or overlap on the side facing the coil. This results in the transition of the magnetic field lines between the first and second magnetic core, a low magnetic resistance.

An alternative embodiment of the actuator according to the invention is characterized in that the magnetization direction of the permanent magnet is substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical coil, d. H. is axially oriented. Preferably, the at least two parts of the permanent magnet are arranged radially with respect to the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical coil in the second magnetic core. A radial arrangement of the permanent magnets means that the main expansion direction of the at least two parts of the permanent magnet extends in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical coil. The advantage here is that the assembly is simplified by the structure as a layer system of the second magnetic core and the at least two parts of the permanent magnet.

It is also within the scope of the invention that the at least two parts of the permanent magnet are arranged with their Hauptausdehnungsrichtung at an arbitrary angle with respect to the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical coil and a correspondingly oriented magnetization, ie, substantially perpendicular to the Hauptausdehnungsrichtung have. It is essential that arise by the at least two parts of the permanent magnet two opposing magnetic circuits. In the de-energized state, when no current flows through the cylindrical coil, the first magnetic circuit of the first permanent magnet extends from the first permanent magnet via the first magnetic core into the second magnetic core and back into the first permanent magnet. The second magnetic circuit of the second permanent magnet extends in opposite directions from the second part of the permanent magnet into the first magnetic core, from the first magnetic core into the second magnetic core and from the second magnetic core back to the second part of the permanent magnet. By the magnetic fields of the permanent magnet thus takes place a Vorsättigung in the magnetically active material of the first magnetic core and of the second magnetic core. Preferably, a magnetic circuit leading portion of the first magnetic core and a respective opposite magnetic circuit leading portion of the second magnetic core overlap at least partially.

Another advantageous development of the actuator according to the invention provides that the interruption region, which is arranged in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical coil between the parts of the permanent magnet, at least partially, preferably completely, by the second magnetic core and / or with a magnetically active material having a permeability μ _r >> 1 is completed. Advantageously, here form the two parts of the permanent magnet with the second magnetic core on the cylinder coil side facing a substantially planar surface.

Particularly preferably, the two partial regions of the first magnetic core, which are preferably interrupted by the non-magnetic separator element, overlap in the direction perpendicular to the cylindrical coil axis the interruption region between the parts of the permanent magnet, at least in sections. Particularly preferably, this interruption area is completely filled by the second magnetic core. In a relevant sectional plane in this overlap region, the second magnetic core, the first magnetic core and the cylindrical coil follow one another spatially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical coil.

A further advantageous embodiment of the actuator according to the invention is characterized in that the dimension of the non-magnetic separating element in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical coil increases with increasing distance from the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical coil, preferably increases strictly monotonically, in particular linearly increases.
In a preferred embodiment, the recess in the first magnetic core, so the non-magnetic separator, formed as an air gap or filled with air.

In another preferred embodiment, the actuator assembly is rotationally symmetrical about the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical coil.

In a further preferred embodiment, at least one of the two parts of the permanent magnet, preferably both parts, is designed as a ring magnet. The ring magnets can be arranged such that they run parallel to one another in two different planes perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical coil.

In an alternative embodiment, the respective parts of the permanent magnet are additionally formed interrupted in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical coil. As a result, each of the relevant parts of the permanent magnet in turn consists of at least two permanent magnets, which complement in the said plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical coil segmental to the relevant part of the permanent magnet. Due to the splitting of the permanent magnet into a number of segments, a simpler and less expensive assembly of the actuator and a more cost-effective production of the permanent magnet are possible.

The electromagnetic action principle is described below with reference to preferred embodiments of the subject matter of the invention or of the actuator:
The actuator consists of two respective modules that are mounted relative to each other displaceable. The first module comprises the solenoid, the first magnetic core and the non-magnetic separator. The second module comprises a plunger, via which plunger the actuator can act on a connected system, for example a motor, the second magnetic core and the permanent magnet.

In the de-energized state, when no current flows through the cylindrical coil, the resulting magnetic field in the actuator is generated substantially solely by the two parts of the permanent magnet. By the at least two parts of the permanent magnet arise two opposing magnetic circuits. By the Magnetic circuits thus takes place a Vorsättigung in the magnetically active material of the first magnetic core and the second magnetic core.

The actuator is in the initial position, ie in the undeflected state, when the non-magnetic separator is arranged centrally between the two parts of the permanent magnet.

The division of the permanent magnet allows a symmetrical arrangement of the two parts of the permanent magnet with the first magnetic core and the non-magnetic separator. This results in combination with the rotationally symmetrical structure, a compensation of the forces acting through the magnetic fields of the two permanent magnets. Depending on the deflection of the actuator, there is a flux density shift that compensates for the change in the coverage between the two parts of the permanent magnet and the first magnetic core. Thus, no force is transmitted to a tethered system, such as a motor, via the plunger.

In the energized state, an additional magnetic field is generated by the current flow in the cylindrical coil. The current flow in the coil forms a magnetic field perpendicular to the coil turns. Depending on the deflection of the actuator, the superposition of the magnetic field of the coil with the magnetic fields of the two permanent magnets increases the magnetic field around one of the two parts of the permanent magnet. The result is a force effect, which counteracts or amplifies the deflection of the plunger. By reversing the direction of current flow in the solenoid, the force effect is reversed.

Since the force in the de-energized state is canceled independently of the deflection of the plunger and thus of the entire second module, only the magnetic field resulting from the current flow in the cylindrical coil contributes to the course of the force field acting. That is, a resulting force depends only on the magnetization of the solenoid and thus on the current flow in the solenoid. This results in a simple proportional relationship for the actuator between the current flowing through the solenoid and the resultant force transmitted via the plunger to a connected system. The actuator thus has a deflection-independent current-proportional force map.

In the initial position, the magnetic flux lines, which emanate from the upper part of the permanent magnet, that is the part of the permanent magnet, which is arranged in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical coil above in the direction of the plunger of the non-magnetic separator, close over the first magnetic core, the interface between the first and second magnetic core, the second magnetic core and back to said part of the permanent magnet.

Similarly, the magnetic flux lines, which emanate from the lower part of the permanent magnet, that is the part of the permanent magnet, which is arranged in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical coil below the non-magnetic separator, via the first magnetic core, the interface between the first and second magnetic core and close the second magnetic core back to said part of the permanent magnet.

The actuator knows two possible deflection directions parallel to the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical coil. A positive deflection of the plunger and thus the entire second module takes place in the direction of the part of the permanent magnet, which faces the motor. A negative deflection of the plunger and thus of the entire second module takes place in the direction of the part of the permanent magnet, which faces away from the motor.

In the positive deflected state, the lower part of the permanent magnet and the non-magnetic separator overlap. Since the magnetic resistance in the non-magnetic separator is greater than in the first magnetic core, close the magnetic flux lines of the permanent magnet over a said side of the permanent magnet facing away from the shell side of the first magnetic core around the solenoid.

Analogously, this also applies to a negative deflection of the plunger and thus the entire second module in the opposite direction. Here overlap the upper part of the permanent magnet and the non-magnetic separation element, so that close the magnetic flux lines of the upper permanent magnet on the side facing away from said part of the permanent magnet shell side of the first magnetic core around the cylindrical coil.

Since the two parts of the permanent magnet with the first magnetic core and the non-magnetic separator constitute a symmetrical arrangement, the respective force is released independently of the deflection. As a result, no force is transmitted to a tethered system, such as a motor, via the plunger.

In the energized state, an additional magnetic field is generated by the current flow in the coil. The current flow in the coil forms a magnetic field in the first magnetic core perpendicular to the coil turns. Its magnetic flux lines are closed by the first magnetic core via the interface between the first and second magnetic core, via the second magnetic core and part of the permanent magnet back to the first magnetic core. In addition, the magnetic field lines emanating from the permanent magnets run as already described above. By superimposing these magnetic fields, the magnetic field is amplified depending on a direction of current flow in the solenoid around the upper or lower part of the permanent magnet. By amplifying the magnetic field around a portion of the permanent magnet, a force effect is produced which counteracts or enhances a deflection of the plunger or, in general, a relative displacement of the first module relative to the second module. By reversing the direction of current flow in the solenoid, the force effect is reversed.

Since the force in the de-energized state is canceled independently of the deflection of the plunger and thus of the entire second module, only the magnetic field resulting from the current flow in the cylindrical coil contributes to the course of the force field acting. That is, a resultant force depends only on the Magnetization in Arbeitshubbereich the actuator of the solenoid from. This results in a simple proportional relationship for the actuator between the current flowing through the solenoid and the resultant force transmitted to a connected system via the plunger. The actuator thus has a deflection-independent current-proportional force characteristic field in its working stroke range.

Figur 1

ein Schnittbild eines Ausführungsbeispiels eines erfindungsgemäßen Aktuators;

Figur 2

drei Darstellungen des Aktuators im unbestromten Zustand, a: Hub = 0, b: Hub = +s, c: Hub = -s;

Figur 3

drei Darstellungen des Aktuators im bestromten Zustand mit einer ersten Stromflussrichtung (im Querschnitt der Zylinderspule aus der Zeichenebene heraus), a: Hub = 0, b: Hub = +s, c: Hub = -s;

Figur 4

drei Darstellungen des Aktuators im bestromten Zustand mit einer zweiten Stromflussrichtung (im Querschnitt der Zylinderspule in die Zeichenebene hinein), a: Hub = 0, b: Hub = +s, c: Hub = -s;

Figur 5

zugehörige Aktuatorkennlinien, nämlich a: Kennlinie für Magnetkraft und Strom, b: Kennlinie für Magnetkraft und Hub;

Figur 6

Darstellungen von Ausführungsformen des Permanentmagneten, nämlich a: Ringmagnet mit radialer Magnetisierung, b: segmentierter Ringmagnet mit radialer Magnetisierung, c: segmentierter Ringmagnet mit diametraler Magnetisierung;

Figur 7

Darstellungen einer Auswahl von vier möglichen Ausgestaltungen des Aktuators in Teilbildern a bis d;

Figur 8

drei Darstellungen eines Ausführungsbeispiels eines Aktuators mit axialen Polflächen in Verschieberichtung im unbestromten Zustand, a: Hub = 0, b: Hub = +s, c: Hub = -s;

Figur 9

drei Darstellungen des Ausführungsbeispiels eines Aktuators mit axialen Polflächen in Verschieberichtung im bestromten Zustand mit einer ersten Stromflussrichtung (im Querschnitt der Zylinderspule aus der Zeichenebene heraus), a: Hub = 0, b: Hub = +s, c: Hub = -s;

Figur 10

drei Darstellungen des Ausführungsbeispiels eines Aktuators mit axialen Polflächen in Verschieberichtung im bestromten Zustand mit einer zweiten Stromflussrichtung (im Querschnitt der Zylinderspule in die Zeichenebene hinein), a: Hub = 0, b: Hub = +s, c: Hub = -s;

Figur 11

drei Darstellungen eines Ausführungsbeispiels eines Aktuators mit axial magnetisiertem Permanentmagneten im unbestromten Zustand, a: Hub = 0, b: Hub = +s, c: Hub = -s;

Figur 12

drei Darstellungen eines Ausführungsbeispiels eines Aktuators mit axial magnetisierten Permanentmagneten mit einer ersten Stromflussrichtung (im Querschnitt der Zylinderspule aus der Zeichenebene heraus), a: Hub = 0, b: Hub = +s, c: Hub = -s;

Figur 13

drei Darstellungen eines Ausführungsbeispiels eines Aktuators mit axial magnetisierten Permanentmagneten im bestromten Zustand mit einer zweiten Stromflussrichtung (im Querschnitt der Zylinderspule in die Zeichenebene hinein), a: Hub = 0, b: Hub = +s, c: Hub = -s; und

Figur 14

Darstellung eines Ausführungsbeispiels eines Aktuators mit Sättigungssteg.

Further advantages and properties of the invention can be explained below with reference to exemplary embodiments and the figures. Showing:

FIG. 1

a sectional view of an embodiment of an actuator according to the invention;

FIG. 2

three representations of the actuator in the de-energized state, a: stroke = 0, b: stroke = + s, c: stroke = -s;

FIG. 3

three representations of the actuator in the energized state with a first current flow direction (in the cross section of the cylindrical coil out of the plane of the drawing), a: stroke = 0, b: stroke = + s, c: stroke = -s;

FIG. 4

three representations of the actuator in the energized state with a second current flow direction (in the cross section of the cylindrical coil in the drawing plane into it), a: stroke = 0, b: stroke = + s, c: stroke = -s;

FIG. 5

associated actuator characteristics, namely a: characteristic for magnetic force and current, b: characteristic for magnetic force and stroke;

FIG. 6

Representations of embodiments of the permanent magnet, namely a: ring magnet with radial magnetization, b: segmented ring magnet with radial magnetization, c: segmented ring magnet with diametral magnetization;

FIG. 7

Representations of a selection of four possible embodiments of the actuator in sub-images a to d;

FIG. 8

three illustrations of an embodiment of an actuator with axial pole faces in the direction of displacement in the de-energized state, a: stroke = 0, b: stroke = + s, c: stroke = -s;

FIG. 9

three illustrations of the embodiment of an actuator with axial pole faces in the direction of displacement in the energized state with a first current flow direction (in the cross section of the solenoid out of the plane), a: stroke = 0, b: stroke = + s, c: stroke = -s;

FIG. 10

three representations of the embodiment of an actuator with axial pole faces in the direction of displacement in the energized state with a second current flow direction (in the cross section of the cylindrical coil into the plane), a: stroke = 0, b: stroke = + s, c: stroke = -s;

FIG. 11

three illustrations of an embodiment of an actuator with axially magnetized permanent magnet in the de-energized state, a: stroke = 0, b: stroke = + s, c: stroke = -s;

FIG. 12

three illustrations of an embodiment of an actuator with axially magnetized permanent magnet having a first current flow direction (in the cross section of the cylindrical coil out of the plane), a: stroke = 0, b: stroke = + s, c: stroke = -s;

FIG. 13

three representations of an embodiment of an actuator with axially magnetized permanent magnet in the energized state with a second current flow direction (in the cross section of the cylindrical coil in the drawing into it), a: stroke = 0, b: stroke = + s, c: stroke = -s; and

FIG. 14

Representation of an embodiment of an actuator with saturation web.

FIG. 1 shows a sectional view of an embodiment of the actuator according to the invention. The actuator 1 comprises an electrically conductive cylindrical coil 2, a first magnetic core 3 made of ferromagnetic material, a second magnetic core 4 made of ferromagnetic material and a permanent magnet 5 with the parts 5a and 5b.

The first magnetic core 3 encloses the cylindrical coil 2 substantially in full circumference, forming an outer surface 3a, a bottom surface 3b, a Top surface 3c and an inner surface 3d off. At the permanent magnet 5 facing inner surface 3d of the first magnetic core 3 is interrupted by a recess, which recess forms a non-magnetic separator 10.

Centrally within the cylindrical coil 2, the second magnetic core 4 is arranged. At the second magnetic core 4, the two parts 5a and 5b of the permanent magnet 5 are arranged. The second magnetic core 4 is connected via a plunger 11 with an engine mount (not shown).

The magnetization direction of the two parts 5a, 5b of the permanent magnet is oriented perpendicular to a longitudinal axis 12 of the cylindrical coil 2. The two parts 5a, 5b of the permanent magnet are spatially spaced apart in the direction of the longitudinal axis 12 of the cylindrical coil. The interruption area between the two parts 5a, 5b of the permanent magnet is filled with the second magnetic core 4. In this case, the upper part 5a of the permanent magnet, the second magnetic core 4 and the lower part 5b of the permanent magnet on the first magnetic core 3 side facing a substantially planar surface.

The elements cylindrical coil 2, first magnetic core 3 and non-magnetic separator 10 form a first module 15. The elements plunger 11, second magnetic core 4 and permanent magnet 5 form a second module 16. The first module 15 is arranged relative to the second module 16 slidably.

The actuator according to FIG. 1 is formed substantially radially symmetrically to the longitudinal axis 12 of the cylindrical coil 2.

FIG. 2 shows in three partial illustrations a to c the electromagnetic operating principle of the actuator according to FIG. 1 in de-energized state. For a more compact representation, the right half of the actuator is shown in each case starting from the longitudinal axis 12 of the cylindrical coil 2 forming the axis of symmetry.

In FIG. 2a is the starting position, that is, the undeflected state represented. The deflection over the entire stroke range from -s to + s is in the FIGS. 2 to 4 represented by the double arrow at reference character C.

Through the two parts 5a and 5b of the permanent magnet 5, a magnetic field is generated. The two parts 5a and 5b of the permanent magnet 5 have a radial magnetization perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 12 of the cylindrical coil 2. Here, the flow lines, represented by the solid line 19 a, for the upper part 5 a of the permanent magnet 5 via the first magnetic core 3, the boundary 20 a between the first magnetic core 3 and the second magnetic core 4 and the second magnetic core 4 extend back to the upper part 5 a of the permanent magnet 5 Likewise, the magnetic flux lines, represented by the solid line 19b, for the lower part 5b of the permanent magnet 5 via the first magnetic core 3, the boundary 20b between the first magnetic core 3 and the second magnetic core 4 and the second magnetic core 4 go back to the lower part 5b of FIG Permanent magnet 5. The magnetic circuit 19a and the magnetic circuit 19b are oriented in opposite directions.

In this constellation saturation effects result, on the one hand leading to an increase in the magnetic resistance and on the other hand to a force acting on the second magnetic core 4 by the axial component of the magnetic field during the transition from the first magnetic core 3 to the second magnetic core 4. This force effect is reflected by the mirror that is symmetrical arrangement of the two parts 5a and 5b of the permanent magnet 5 and the first magnetic core 3 compensated with the non-magnetic separator 10, so that in this state via the plunger 11 no force is transmitted to a motor (not shown).

In FIG. 2b the actuator 1 is shown at a deflection of the plunger 11 in a positive y-direction. Due to the deflection of the plunger 11, the lower part of the permanent magnet 5b and the non-magnetic separator 10 overlap at reference symbol A. Since the magnetic resistance in the non-magnetic separator 10 is very large, close the magnetic flux lines, represented by the solid line 21b, for the lower part of the permanent magnet 5b now substantially over the outer region of the first magnetic core 3 to the cylindrical coil 2 and not on the non-magnetic separator 10. This results in a flux density shift, that is, to an increase in magnetic flux density at the boundary 20a between the first magnetic core 3 and the second magnetic core 4. The increase in the magnetic flux density compensates for the force effect that results from the larger coverage between the first magnetic core 3 and the upper part 5a of the permanent magnet. The magnetic field has thus at the transition between the first module 15 and the second module 16 at the upper part of the permanent magnet 5a in addition to a radial component, perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 12 of the cylindrical coil 2, an axial component, parallel to the longitudinal axis 12 of the cylindrical coil 2. Analog comes to this The force effect in the upper part of the magnetic core 4 is due to the lower coverage between the first magnetic core 3 and the lower part 5b of the permanent magnet and thereby in terms of magnitude identical, but in the opposite direction acting, axial component of the magnetic field compensated.

The compensation of the force effect in the de-energized state is achieved by the geometry of the two parts 5a and 5b of the permanent magnet 5 relative to the first magnetic core 3 is selected with the non-magnetic separator 10 at the transition surfaces between the first magnetic core 3 and the second magnetic core 4 so that the amounts of the y components of the magnetic field at the transitions between the first magnetic core 3 and the second magnetic core 4 are always the same for a positive deflection in the y direction. Due to the mirrored / symmetrical arrangement, the resulting force effect of the axial component of the magnetic field on the plunger 11 lifts. Overall, there is no resultant force between the first module 15 and the second module 16.

In Figure 2c is equivalent to FIG. 2b the deflection in the opposite direction, that is represented in a negative y-direction. Here, the upper part of the permanent magnet 5a and the non-magnetic separator 10 overlap at reference B. Due to the high magnetic resistance in the non-magnetic separator 10, the magnetic flux lines represented by the solid line 21a for the upper part of the permanent magnet 5a extend substantially beyond the outer region of the first magnetic core 3 about the cylindrical coil 2 and not over the non-magnetic separator 10.

This results in a flux density shift, that is to say an increase in the magnetic flux density at the boundary 20b between the first magnetic core 3 and the second magnetic core 4. The magnetic field thus has an additional transition at the transition between the first module 15 and the second module 16 at the upper part of the permanent magnet 5a to a radial component, perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 12 of the cylindrical coil 2, an axial component, parallel to the longitudinal axis 12 of the cylindrical coil 2. This compensates the force effect, which consists of the larger coverage between the first magnetic core 3 and the lower part 5b of the permanent magnet. Analogously, there is a local reduction of the magnetic flux density in the first magnetic core 3 at reference B. The force effect in the lower part of the magnetic core 4 is characterized by the lower coverage between the first magnetic core 3 and the upper part 5a of the permanent magnet and thereby identical in absolute terms compensated in the opposite direction, axial component of the magnetic field.

The compensation of the force effect in the de-energized state is achieved by the geometry of the two parts 5a and 5b of the permanent magnet 5 relative to the first magnetic core 3 is selected with the non-magnetic separator 10 at the transition surfaces between the first magnetic core 3 and the second magnetic core 4 so that the amounts of the y-component of the magnetic field at the transitions between the first magnetic core 3 and the second magnetic core 4 are always the same for a negative deflection in the y-direction. Due to the mirrored / symmetrical arrangement, the resulting force effect of the axial component of the magnetic field on the plunger 11 lifts. Overall, there is no resultant force between the first module 15 and the second module 16.

The opposing magnetic circuits of the two parts of the permanent magnet 5a, 5b are structurally designed so that over the entire stroke range, the respective axial component of the magnetic field is inversely identical. Thereby, the force on the plunger 11 is compensated for both a deflection in the positive and in the negative y-direction, that is, over the entire stroke range.

FIG. 3 shows in three partial illustrations a to c according to the FIGS. 2a to 2c the electromagnetic action principle of the actuator according to the invention in energized state. Example becomes in FIG. 3 It is assumed that the current flow through the cylindrical coil 2 is oriented in such a way that it flows out of the plane of the drawing. As a result, the cylindrical coil 2 acts like an electromagnet, that is, the current flow in the coil generates a magnetic field whose magnetic field lines run as follows: in undeflected state (FIG. FIG. 3a ), the magnetic flux lines of the energized cylindrical coil 2, represented by the dashed line 22, extend over the first magnetic core 3, the boundary 20a between the first magnetic core 3 and the second magnetic core 4, the second magnetic core 4 and the lower part 5b of the permanent magnet 5 back to the first Magnetic core 3.

In addition to the magnetic field lines 22 of the cylindrical coil 2, the magnetic field lines 19a and 19b of the two parts 5a and 5b of the permanent magnet, as described above, each extend over the first magnetic core 3 and the second magnetic core 4. The superposition of the two magnetic fields leads to an increase This results in a resultant force between the first module 15 and the second module 16, which due to the radially symmetrical arrangement of the actuator parallel to the longitudinal axis 12 of the cylindrical coil 2 acts due to the magnetic flux density.

As above to the FIGS. 2a to 2c described, the force effect, which results from the magnetic field of the permanent magnet 5, compensated over the entire stroke range. This results in the result of the additional magnetic field due to the energization of the cylindrical coil 2, a resulting hubunabhängiger Power / current context. This hub independent force / current relationship is in FIG. 5a and 5b described and applies to all other representations described in the FIGS. 1 to 4 and 8 to 14 with all the pictures.

In FIG. 3b is the course of the magnetic flux lines 19a, 19b of the permanent magnet 5 and the course of the magnetic flux lines 22 of the electromagnet 2 shown at a deflection of the plunger 11 in a positive y-direction. Here, the magnetic flux lines 19b of the lower part of the permanent magnet 5b close as shown in FIG FIG. 2b Through the deflection of the lower part of the permanent magnet 5b overlaps with the non-magnetic separator 10. The high magnetic resistance of the non-magnetic separator 10 forces the course of the magnetic flux lines in the upper region of the second magnetic core 4 and thus the cylindrical coil 2. The magnetic flux lines of the lower part of the permanent magnet 5b thus extend in the first magnetic core 3 parallel to the magnetic flux lines of the current-fed cylindrical coil 2.

This results in a flux density increase at the boundary between the first magnetic core 3 and the second magnetic core 4 in the region 20a with a greater overlap between the upper part 5a of the permanent magnet and the first magnetic core 3. The flux density increase is no longer symmetrical due to the additional magnetic field of the cylindrical coil 2 and there is a force effect between the first module 15 and the second module 16, which acts parallel to the longitudinal axis 12 of the cylindrical coil 2 due to the radially symmetrical arrangement of the actuator. The magnetic field has thus here at the transition between the first module 15 and the second module 16 an additional axial component by the magnetic field of the cylindrical coil, parallel to the longitudinal axis 12 of the cylindrical coil 2. This further axial component is not canceled, so that a force parallel to the longitudinal axis 12 of the cylindrical coil 2 is created.

In Figure 3c is the course of the magnetic flux lines 19a, 19b of the permanent magnet and the course of the magnetic flux lines 22 of the electromagnet 2 at a deflection of the plunger 11 in a negative y-direction shown. Due to the deflection, the upper part 5a of the permanent magnet 5 overlaps with the non-magnetic separator 10. Here the magnetic flux lines 19a of the upper part of the permanent magnet 5a close despite the generally disadvantageous high magnetic resistance across the non-magnetic separator 10. Also the magnetic flux lines 22 of the cylindrical coil 2 run despite the generally disadvantageous high magnetic resistance of the non-magnetic separator 10 from the first magnetic core 3 via the non-magnetic separator 10 in the second magnetic core 4 via the lower part 5b of the permanent magnet 5. The magnetic field lines of the upper part 5a of the permanent magnet can not, as in Figure 2c , extend over the outer region 3a, 3b, 3c of the first magnetic core 3, since in the outer region 3a, 3b, 3c of the first magnetic core 3 and thus around the cylindrical coil 2, the magnetic field lines 22 of the cylindrical coil 22 extend in the opposite direction. Thus, the magnetic field at the upper part of the permanent magnet 5a has an additional axial component which results in a magnetic force in the axial direction, ie parallel to the longitudinal axis 12 of the cylindrical coil 2.

FIG. 4 shows in three parts Figure 4a to Figure 4c a representation of the actuator according to the invention with compared to the FIGS. 3a to 3c opposite current direction in the solenoid 2.

In FIG. 4a It is assumed that the current flow through the cylindrical coil 2 is oriented so that it flows into the plane of the drawing. As a result, the coil 2 acts like an electromagnet, that is, a magnetic field is generated by the current flow in the coil 2, whose magnetic field lines are as follows: In undeflected state, shown in FIG. 4a , The magnetic flux lines 22 of the energized cylindrical coil 2 from the first magnetic core 3 via the boundary 20b between the first magnetic core 3 and the second magnetic core 4, the second magnetic core 4 and the upper part of the permanent magnet 5a back into the first magnetic core.

FIGS. 4b and 4c show the course of the magnetic field lines in the deflected state. The course is analogous to those in FIGS. 3a and 3c already described considerations. Here, the magnetic field at the lower part of the permanent magnet 5b an additional axial component which results in a magnetic force in the axial direction, ie parallel to the longitudinal axis 12 of the cylindrical coil 2.

Here it comes in Figure 4c to a flux density increase at the boundary between the first magnetic core 3 and the second magnetic core 4 in the region 20b with a greater overlap between the lower part 5b of the permanent magnet and the first magnetic core 3. The flux density increase is no longer symmetrical due to the additional magnetic field of the cylindrical coil 2, and it arises a force effect between the first module 15 and the second module 16, which acts parallel to the longitudinal axis 12 of the cylindrical coil 2 due to the radially symmetrical arrangement of the actuator.

FIG. 5 shows the idealized force effect of the current-driven actuator over the intended stroke range. In FIG. 5a the magnetic force / current characteristic of the actuator is shown. The x-axis shows the current in the solenoid 2 and the y-axis shows the resulting magnetic force: The magnetic force acting between the first module 15 and the second module 16 depends on the magnitude and direction of the force, independent of the displacement of the plunger 11. linear with the current applied to the solenoid 2 current together.

In FIG. 5b the magnetic force / stroke characteristic of the actuator is shown. The x-axis shows the deflection of the plunger 11 and the y-axis shows the resulting magnetic force: The magnetic force acting between the first module 15 and the second module 16 is independent of the deflection of the plunger 11 for a constant current, but different for different currents Values and directions.

The actuator thus has a hub-independent current-proportional force map. Thus, the actuator has a constant force / current gradient and allows a precise adjustment of a bearing stiffness of an example coupled to the second module 16 unit bearing. For use in an active engine mount or engine mount, the actuator is constituted by a dimensionally stable, elastically suspended membrane connected to the second module 16 of the actuator of the unit bearing an oscillatory spring-mass system. By means of dynamic actuation of the actuator, the bearing stiffness can be increased or lowered in a frequency-selective manner via the second module 16 coupled to the diaphragm of the unit bearing, and the phase of a vibration can be changed.

FIG. 6 shows in the partial illustrations 6a to 6c a schematic representation of an embodiment of a part of the permanent magnet 5, as it can be used in an actuator according to the invention. The one part of the permanent magnet 5 is in FIG. 6a designed as a ring magnet with a radial magnetization 23. The ring magnet is formed in the direction of rotation without interruptions. The magnetization 23 is at all points of the ring magnet perpendicular to an axis 24 which passes through the center of the ring and is perpendicular to the circular surface of the ring magnet, and points to the center of the ring.

FIG. 6b shows a part 5a of the permanent magnet 5 as an exemplary embodiment, which consists of six ring-shaped radially magnetized magnet segments 5.a1 to 5.a6. The magnet segments 5.a1 to 5.a6 are designed such that they are joined in the circumferential direction substantially directly to each other, for example, form-fitting or cohesively, and form a closed ring. Alternatively, there may be a separation between two magnet segments in the circumferential direction due to the design or production, which may preferably be filled up by air or a non-magnetic material having a permeability of μ _r = 1. The magnetization 23 is at all points of the closed ring magnet perpendicular to an axis 24, which passes through the center of the ring and is perpendicular to the circular surface of the ring magnet, and points to the center of the ring.

FIG. 6c shows as an exemplary embodiment a part 5b of the permanent magnet 5, which is composed of six ring-shaped magnet segments 5.b1 to 5.b6, which are diametrically magnetized. The magnet segments 5.b1 to 5.b6 are designed such that they are substantially immediately adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction are joined, for example, form-fitting or cohesively, and form a closed ring. Alternatively, there may be a separation between two magnet segments in the circumferential direction due to the construction or production, which may preferably be filled by air or a non-magnetic material having a permeability of μ _r = 1. The magnetization 23 is at all points of the closed ring magnet perpendicular to an axis 24 which passes through the center of the ring and is perpendicular to the circular surface of the ring magnet. In addition, the magnetization 23 of the individual magnet segments 5.b1 to 5.b6 is parallel in each case. In the case of two adjacent magnet segments 5.b1 to 5.b6, however, the magnetization 23 is different by an angle greater than 0 °.

FIG. 7 shows in four partial pictures Figure 7a to Figure 7d an overview of possible arrangements of the first module 15 and the second module 16 relative to each other. The representations Figure 7a to Figure 7d each show one half of the actuator assembly 1 along the symmetry axis 12. The elements cylindrical coil 2, first magnetic core 3 and non-magnetic separator 10 form the first module 15. The elements plunger 11, second magnetic core 4 and permanent magnet 5 form the second module 16th

In Figure 7a the first module 15 is arranged stationary. The second module 16 is disposed radially inside the solenoid and slidably. The first module 15 and the second module 16 are displaceable relative to each other.

In FIG. 7b the first module 15 is arranged displaceably. The second module 16 is arranged stationary in the interior of the cylindrical coil. The first module 15 and the second module 16 are displaceable relative to each other.

FIGS. 7c and 7d show two embodiments in which each of the first module 15 inside and the second module 16 outside the cylindrical coil of the first module 15 is arranged. In FIG. 7c the first module 15 is displaceable and the second module 16 is arranged stationary. In FIG. 7d the second module 16 is displaceable and the first module 15 arranged stationary. The first module 15 and the second module 16 are also displaceable relative to each other here.

FIG. 8 shows in three partial illustrations a to c, the electromagnetic action principle of the actuator with axial pole faces. The first magnetic core 3 has on the side facing the permanent magnet 5 a projecting top surface 13 and a protruding bottom surface 14. The protruding top surface 13 overlaps the upper part 5a of the permanent magnet 5 in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 12 of the cylindrical coil 2. The protruding bottom surface 14 overlaps the lower part 5b of the permanent magnet 5 parallel to said plane. This overlap causes the resultant force between the first module 15 and the second module 16 to be increased by the current flow in the cylindrical coil 2 at nearly maximum deflection in the positive or negative y direction, respectively.

In FIG. 8a is the initial position, ie the undeflected state shown. In FIG. 8b the deflected state is shown with the stroke + s. In FIG. 8c the opposite deflected state is shown with the stroke -s.

The two parts 5a, 5b of the permanent magnet 5 have a radial magnetization perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 12 of the cylindrical coil 2. Through the two parts 5a and 5b of the permanent magnet 5 two opposing magnetic circuits 55a and 55b are generated, as to FIG. 2a described.

At a deflection with stroke = + s, shown in FIG. 8b , the magnetic field of the lower part 5b of the permanent magnet runs as well FIG. 2b described. The magnetic field of the upper part 5 a of the permanent magnet has an additional magnetic circuit 55 c, which closes over the protruding top surface 13. There is thus an increase in power in the stroke end position.

For a deflection with stroke = -s, shown in FIG. 8c , the magnetic field of the upper part 5a of the permanent magnet runs as well Figure 2c described. The magnetic field of the lower part 5b of the permanent magnet has an additional one Magnetic circuit 55d, which closes on the protruding bottom surface 14. It thus comes here also to an increase in force in the stroke end position.

FIG. 9 shows in three partial illustrations a to c according to the FIGS. 8a to 8c the electromagnetic action principle of the actuator according to the invention with axial pole faces in the energized state. Example becomes in FIG. 9 assumed that the current flow through the cylindrical coil 2 is oriented so that it flows out of the plane of the drawing.

In addition to that in relation to the FIGS. 8a to 8c described magnetic field of the two permanent magnets 5a, 5b is formed by the energization of the cylindrical coil 2, a further magnetic field 65a. In the undeflected state, shown in FIG. 9a , The magnetic field lines 65a of the cylindrical coil extend as far as possible analogous to the magnetic field lines of the cylindrical coil in FIG. 3a ,

At a deflection with stroke = + s, shown in FIG. 9b , The magnetic field lines 65b of the cylindrical coil extend with an additional magnetic circuit 65b.2, which closes on the protruding top surface 13 to the upper part of the permanent magnet 5a. It comes here to an increase in force in the stroke end position.

For a deflection with stroke = -s, shown in FIG. 9c , The magnetic field lines 65c of the cylindrical coil 2 extend with an additional magnetic circuit 65c.2, which closes on the protruding bottom surface 14 to the lower part of the permanent magnet 5b. It thus comes here also to an increase in force in the stroke end position.

FIG. 10 shows in three partial illustrations a to c according to the FIGS. 8a to 8c the electromagnetic action principle of the actuator according to the invention with axial pole faces in the energized state. Example becomes in FIG. 10 assumed that the current flow through the cylindrical coil 2 is oriented so that it flows into the plane of the drawing.

The magnetic field lines of the two parts of the permanent magnet 5a, 5b extend as to the FIGS. 8a to 8c described. The magnetic field lines 75a, 75b, 75c of the cylindrical coil 2 are analogous to the consideration of the reverse current direction FIGS. 9a to 9c ,

FIG. 11 shows in three partial illustrations A to C, the electromagnetic action principle of the actuator with axially magnetized permanent magnet in the de-energized state. For compact presentation, starting from the axis of symmetry 12, only the right half of the actuator is shown.

In FIG. 11a is the initial position, ie the undeflected state shown. In FIG. 11b the deflected state is shown with the stroke + s. In FIG. 11c the opposite deflected state is shown with the stroke -s.

The two parts 5b of the permanent magnet 5 have an axial magnetization, i. H. parallel to the longitudinal axis 12 of the cylindrical coil 2. By the two parts 5a and 5b of the permanent magnet 5, two counter-rotating magnetic circuits are generated whose flow lines are shown by solid lines 55a for the upper part 5a of the permanent magnet 5 and 55b for the lower part of the permanent magnet 5b. The magnetic circuit 55a of the upper part of the permanent magnet extends from the upper part 5a of the permanent magnet via the second magnetic core 4, the boundary 20a between the second magnetic core 4 and the first magnetic core 3 into the first magnetic core 3 and back into the second magnetic core 4 back to the upper part 5a of the permanent magnet 5. Accordingly, the magnetic circuit 55b of the lower part 5b of the permanent magnet runs in opposite directions starting from the lower part of the permanent magnet 5b in the second magnetic core 4 via the boundary 20b between the second magnetic core 4 and the first magnetic core 3 in the first magnetic core 3 and again in the second magnetic core 4 back to the lower part of the permanent magnet 5b.

By the counter-rotating magnetic circuits 55a and 55b, a magnetic saturation in the magnetically active material of the first magnetic core 3 and the In addition, the axial component of the magnetic field, ie the components parallel to the longitudinal axis 12 of the cylindrical coil 2, at the transition from at the boundary between the first magnetic core 3 and the second magnetic core 4 to a force effect. This force effect is compensated by the mirrored, ie symmetrical arrangement of the two parts 5a and 5b of the permanent magnet 5 and the first magnetic core 3 with the non-magnetic separator 10, so that in this state via the plunger 11 no force to a motor or the like (not shown) is transmitted.

In FIG. 11b is the actuator at a deflection of the plunger 11 in a positive y-direction (stroke = + s) shown. By the deflection, the position of the non-magnetic separator 10 shifts with respect to both parts of the permanent magnet 5a, 5b. Here, there is no overlap of the first magnetic core 3 with the second magnetic core 4 between the upper part of the permanent magnet 5a and the lower part of the permanent magnet 5b. Since the magnetic resistance in the non-magnetic separator 10 is relatively large, the magnetic flux lines, represented by the solid line 65b, for the lower part of the permanent magnet 5b now close substantially over the outer region of the first magnetic core 3 around the cylindrical coil 2 and not over This results in a flux density shift, ie an increase in the magnetic flux density at the boundary 20a between the first magnetic core 3 and the second magnetic core 4. The increase in the magnetic flux density compensates for the force effect resulting from the greater coverage between the first magnetic core 3 and the second magnetic core 4 is formed in the region of the upper part of the permanent magnet 5a. The magnetic field has here at the transition between the first magnetic core 3 and the second magnetic core 4 at the upper part of the permanent magnet 5a in addition to a radial component perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical coil 2 still another axial component parallel to the longitudinal axis 12 of the cylindrical coil 2. Accordingly, there is a reduction the magnetic flux density in the first magnetic core 3 in the region of the lower part 5b of the permanent magnet. Since the two parts 5a and 5b of the permanent magnet represent a symmetrical arrangement, stand out the respective resulting forces. Thus, the force on the plunger 11 is compensated at a deflection in the positive y-direction.

In FIG. 11c is equivalent to FIG. 11b the deflection in the opposite direction, ie in a negative y-direction with stroke = -s shown. The magnetic field lines are analogous to taking into account the reverse direction of deflection FIG. 11b ,

The opposing magnetic circuits 55a, 55b, 65a, 65b, 75a, 75b of the two parts of the permanent magnet 5a, 5b are structurally designed so that in the de-energized state over the entire stroke range (-s, + s) the respective axial component of the magnetic field of a Inverse of the permanent magnet 5 is identical to the respective axial component of the magnetic field of the other part of the permanent magnet 5. Thus, the force acting on the plunger 11 for both a deflection in the positive and in the negative y-direction, d. H. compensated over the entire stroke range.

FIG. 12 shows in three partial illustrations a to c according to the FIGS. 11a to 11c the electromagnetic action principle of the actuator with axially magnetized permanent magnet in the energized state. To avoid repetition, the following is only to the differences to the in FIG. 3 presented and to FIG. 3 described embodiment with radially magnetized permanent magnet. Example becomes in FIG. 12 assumed that the current flow through the cylindrical coil 2 is oriented so that it flows into the plane of the drawing.

As above to the FIGS. 11a to 11c described, the force effect, which results from the magnetic field of the permanent magnet 5, compensated over the entire stroke range. The magnetic field of the cylindrical coil runs as in the FIG. 3 presented and to FIG. 3 described embodiment. Thus, the result of the additional magnetic field due to the energization of the cylindrical coil 2 is a resulting hub-independent force / current relationship.

FIG. 13 shows in three partial illustrations a to c according to the FIGS. 11a to 11c the electromagnetic action principle of the actuator with axially magnetized permanent magnet in the energized state. To avoid repetition, the following is only to the differences to the in FIG. 4 presented and to FIG. 4 described embodiment with radially magnetized permanent magnet. Example becomes in FIG. 13 assumed that the current flow through the cylindrical coil 2 is oriented so that it flows out of the plane of the drawing.

As above to the FIGS. 11a to 11c described, the force effect, which results from the magnetic field of the permanent magnet 5, compensated over the entire stroke range. The magnetic field of the cylindrical coil runs as in the FIG. 4 presented and to FIG. 4 described embodiment. Thus, the result of the additional magnetic field due to the energization of the cylindrical coil 2 is a resulting hub-independent force / current relationship.

FIG. 14 shows a sectional view of an embodiment of the actuator with a saturable web. For more compact representation, only the right half of the actuator, starting from the longitudinal axis 12 forming the axis of symmetry, is shown. The non-magnetic separator 10 is formed here as a recess which does not fully penetrate the first magnetic core 3. The material cross section of the first magnetic core 3 is reduced only so far that the side facing the second magnetic core 4 is obtained and forms a saturable web 70. The first magnetic core 3 adjoins the saturable web 70 in two tapered ends 3.1, 3.2. The reduction of the material cross section of the first magnetic core 3 increases with decreasing distance from the longitudinal axis 12 of the cylindrical coil 2, in particular in such a way that on the second magnetic core 4 facing Side just the saturable web 70 remains from the first magnetic core 3. By reducing the material cross section of the first magnetic core 3, a magnetic saturation and thus the desired relative permeability of μ _r ≈1 are achieved even with a low magnetic flux in the remaining saturable web 70 of the first magnetic core 3.

reference numeral

1

actuator

2

Cylinder coil, electromagnet

3

1. Magnetic core

3a

outer surface

3b

floor area

3c

cover surface

3d

palm

3.1

tapered ends

3.2

tapered ends

4

2nd magnetic core

5

permanent magnet

5a

upper part

5b

lower part

10

non-magnetic separator

11

tappet

12

Symmetry axis, longitudinal axis

13

protruding top surface

14

protruding floor surface

15

first module

16

second module

19a

Flux lines of the upper part of the permanent magnet

19b

Flux lines of the lower part of the permanent magnet

20a

Border between the first and second magnetic core

20b

Border between the first and second magnetic core

21a

Flux lines of the upper part of the permanent magnet

21b

Flux lines of the lower part of the permanent magnet

22

Flux lines of the solenoid

23

magnetization

24

axis

55a

magnetic circuit

55b

magnetic circuit

55c

magnetic circuit

55d

magnetic circuit

65a

magnetic circuit

65b

magnetic circuit

65b.2

additional magnetic circuit

65c

magnetic circuit

65c.2

additional magnetic circuit

70

saturation Steg

75a

magnetic circuit

75b

magnetic circuit

75c

magnetic circuit

A

overlap

B

overlap

C

Stroke range

Claims (15)

1. Actuator (1) for motor mount comprising

   - an electrically conductive cylindrical coil (2),

   - a first magnetic core (3) made of ferromagnetic material,

   - a second magnetic core (4) made of ferromagnetic material and

   - at least one permanent magnet (5), the magnetisation direction of which is oriented vertical to the longitudinal axis (12) of the cylinder coil (2),

   wherein the first and the second magnetic core (3, 4) are arranged such that they are displaceable relative to one another in the direction of the longitudinal axis (12) of the cylinder coil (2), the first magnetic core (3) essentially surrounding the cylinder coil (2) and being interrupted by a non-magnetic separating element (1) on an outer layer side of the cylinder coil (2) that faces towards the permanent magnet (5), and wherein
   the permanent magnet (5) is designed to be interrupted at least once in the direction of the longitudinal axis (12) of the cylinder coil (2) and has at least two parts (5a, 5b), characterised in that an interruption area
   which is arranged between the parts of the permanent magnet (5) in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the cylinder coil (2) is filled at least in part or in full by the second magnetic core (4).
2. Actuator (1) according to claim 1, characterised in that the parts of the permanent magnet (5) have the same polarity.
3. Actuator (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the two partial areas of the first magnetic core (3) which are interrupted by the non-magnetic separating element (10) overlap at least in sections with the interruption area between the parts of the permanent magnet (5) in a direction vertical to the cylinder coil axis.
4. Actuator (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the sides of the two parts of the permanent magnet (5) that face the cylinder coil (2) form an essentially planar surface with the second magnetic core (4).
5. Actuator (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the side of the first magnetic core (3) that faces the second magnetic core (4) forms an essentially planar surface with the separating element (10).
6. Actuator (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that at least part of the permanent magnet (5), preferably both parts (5a, 5b), are ring-shaped.
7. Actuator (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that at least one part of the permanent magnet (5), preferably both parts (5a, 5b), have a magnetism that is essentially. vertical to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder coil (2) and are preferably magnetised diametrically, in particular radially or in parallel, to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder coil.
8. Actuator (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that at least one part of the permanent magnet (5), preferably both parts (5a, 5b), are composed of at least two segments in a plan that is vertical to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder coil (2).
9. Actuator (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the cylinder coil (2) and the first magnetic core (3) are connected to one another in an immobile manner and/or in that the permanent magnet (5) and the second magnetic core (4) are connected to one another in an immobile manner.
10. Actuator (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the cylinder coil (2) including the first magnetic core (3) is mounted in an elastic manner and the permanent magnet (5) including the second magnetic core (4) is mounted in a static manner.
11. Actuator (1) according to any one of Claims 1 to 9, characterised in that the cylinder coil (2) including the first magnetic core (3) is mounted in a static manner and the permanent magnet (5) including the second magnetic core (4) is mounted in an elastic manner.
12. Actuator (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the side of the first magnetic core (3) that faces the permanent magnet (5) has a protruding top surface (13) and/or a protruding bottom surface (14) vertical to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder coil (2), which top surface (13) overlaps with the first part of the permanent magnet (5a) and/or which bottom surface (14) overlaps with the second part of the permanent magnet (5b) vertical to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder coil (2).
13. Actuator (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the non-magnetic separating element (10) is made from a material that has a permeability in the range from µ_r ≈ 5.1 at least during operation.
14. Actuator (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the non-magnetic separating element (10) is designed as a recess, which recess preferably fully clamps down on the side of the first magnetic core (3) which faces the second magnetic core (4) vertical to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder coil (2).
15. Actuator (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that a dimension of the non-magnetic separating element (10) increases in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the cylinder coil (2) as the distance from the longitudinal axis of the cylinder coil (2) increases, preferably increases in a strictly monotone manner, in particular in a linear manner.

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