EP3095119A1

EP3095119A1 - Electromagnetic and dynamic actuator for active assembly bearings

Info

Publication number: EP3095119A1
Application number: EP15700137.1A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Maik Wiesner; Markus Wannags; Stefan Loheide; Michael Pantke
Original assignee: ZF Friedrichshafen AG; Boge Elastmetall GmbH
Current assignee: Boge Elastmetall GmbH
Priority date: 2014-01-16
Filing date: 2015-01-12
Publication date: 2016-11-23
Anticipated expiration: 2035-01-12
Also published as: CN106463233B; CN106463233A; EP3095119B1; DE102014200647A1; WO2015107012A1

Abstract

The invention relates to an actuator (1) for motor bearings, comprising - an electrically conductive cylinder coil (2), - a first magnet core (3) made of a ferromagnetic material, - a second magnet core (4) made of a ferromagnetic material, and - at least one permanent magnet (5), the magnetizing direction of which is oriented perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis (12) of the cylinder coil (2). The first and second magnet core (3, 4) are arranged in a movable manner relative to each other in the direction of the longitudinal axis (12) of the cylinder coil (2). The invention is characterized in that the first magnet core (3) substantially surrounds the cylinder coil (2) and is interrupted by a non-magnetic separating element (10) at a cylinder coil (2) lateral face facing the permanent magnet (5), and the permanent magnet (5) is designed so as to be interrupted at least once in the direction of the longitudinal axis (12) of the cylinder coil (2) and has at least two parts (5a, 5b).

Description

Electromagnetic and Dynamic Actuator for Active Equipments

The present invention relates to an electromagnetic and dynamic actuator for active unit bearings, in particular for motor bearings, comprising an electrically conductive cylindrical coil, a first magnetic core of ferromagnetic material, a second magnetic core of ferromagnetic material and at least one permanent magnet, wherein the first and second magnetic core relative to each other in Direction of the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical coil are arranged displaceably.

A goal in the development of engines is to provide actuator concepts for unit bearings, which can adjust the bearing stiffness in a frequency-selective manner via a dynamic control as well as change the phase of an occurring vibration. In addition, these actuator concepts should be optimized with regard to production and assembly.

Active aggregate bearings are known from the prior art, which have polarized electromagnets.

From DE 198 39 464 C2 an electrodynamic actuator with oscillating spring mass system is known, which consists of a conductive coil and a

Permanent magnet exists. The electrically conductive coil is arranged inside a radially magnetized ring magnet. Form together

Permanent magnet and coil a vibratory spring-mass system.

The present invention has for its object to provide an actuator for

To make available, the structure over the prior art with respect to finished and assembled improved and can be operated in addition with a hub-independent linear magnetic force / current characteristic.

This object is achieved by means of an electromagnetic and dynamic actuator for active unit bearings, in particular for engine mounts, according to claim 1. Advantageous developments of the actuator according to the invention can be found in the subclaims 2 to 15. Hereby, the wording of these subclaims is incorporated by express reference in the description in order to avoid unnecessary

To avoid repeated text.

The actuator for motor bearings according to the invention comprises an electrically conductive cylindrical coil, a first magnetic core of ferromagnetic material, a second magnetic core of ferromagnetic material and at least one

Permanent magnets. The first and the second magnetic core are arranged displaceable relative to one another in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical coil. It is essential that the first magnetic core substantially encloses the cylindrical coil and is interrupted by a nonmagnetic separating element on a side of the cylindrical coil facing the permanent magnet. It is also essential that the permanent magnet is at least simply interrupted in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical coil and thus has at least two parts.

In the context of this description, the term "non-magnetic

Separator "a recess, preferably the first magnetic core

reaches through, or interrupts. This recess is filled with a material having a high magnetic resistance, that is, a relative permeability on the order of μ _Γ = 1. It is within the scope of the invention that the recess is filled with air.

It is also within the scope of the invention that the recess, as the non-magnetic separator is formed, does not completely interrupt the first magnetic core. It is essential here that the magnetic resistance due to the reduction of the flow through the recess

Material cross-section of the first magnetic core increases. Preferably, the reduction of the material cross-section increases with decreasing distance from the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical coil, in particular in such a way that remains on the second magnetic core side facing a saturable web or residual web of the first magnetic core. Most preferably, the reduction of the material cross section of the first magnetic core such that even at a low magnetic flux in the remaining saturation web of the first magnetic core, a magnetic saturation and the relative permeability of μ _Γ = 1 is achieved. It is advantageous here that the assembly is simplified and the second magnetic core with the residual web in each case faces a flush surface of the first magnetic core.

In the context of this description, "at least simply interrupted" means that the permanent magnet consists of at least two parts, which are spatially separated or spaced apart from one another. According to the invention, the at least two parts of the permanent magnet are in the direction of the longitudinal axis

Cylindrical coil formed interrupted and spaced correspondingly.

Advantageously, the permanent magnet in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the

Cylinder coil formed from exactly two parts. This facilitates the assembly of the actuator and allows a more compact and robust design.

A preferred embodiment of the actuator according to the invention is characterized in that the magnetization direction of the permanent magnet is magnetized substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical coil, preferably diametrically. Particularly preferably, the parts of the permanent magnet are formed as radially magnetized ring magnets, which are arranged parallel to each other in two different planes perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical coil and whose magnetization is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the coil.

Particularly preferably, the parts of the permanent magnet have the same polarity, that is, the orientations of magnetic north pole and

magnetic South Pole match.

Preferably, the two parts of the permanent magnet at least partially cover a respectively opposite portion of the first magnetic core. The arrangement may be constructed such that in the relevant sectional plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical coil of the second magnetic core, the

Permanent magnet, the first magnetic core and the cylindrical coil follow each other spatially. It is advantageous that at least one of the two parts of the permanent magnet, preferably both, in projection perpendicular to the coil axis on the first

Magnetic core at least partially overlaps or overlap on the side facing the coil. Thereby, the transition of the

Magnetic field lines between the first and second magnetic core a smaller

magnetic resistance.

An alternative embodiment of the actuator according to the invention is characterized in that the magnetization direction of the permanent magnet in

Substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical coil, d. H. is axially oriented. Preferably, the at least two parts of the permanent magnet are arranged radially with respect to the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical coil in the second magnetic core. A radial arrangement of the permanent magnets means that the

Main expansion direction of the at least two parts of the permanent magnet in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical coil extends. The advantage here is that the assembly is simplified by the structure as a layer system of the second magnetic core and the at least two parts of the permanent magnet.

It is also within the scope of the invention that the at least two parts of the

Permanent magnets are arranged with their Hauptausdehnungsrichtung at an arbitrary angle with respect to the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical coil and a correspondingly oriented magnetization, ie, substantially perpendicular to the Hauptausdehnungsrichtung have. It is essential that arise by the at least two parts of the permanent magnet two opposing magnetic circuits. In the de-energized state, when no current flows through the cylindrical coil, the first magnetic circuit of the first permanent magnet extends from the first permanent magnet via the first magnetic core into the second magnetic core and back into the first permanent magnet. The second magnetic circuit of the second permanent magnet extends in opposite directions from the second part of the permanent magnet into the first magnetic core, from the first magnetic core into the second magnetic core and from the second magnetic core back to the second part of the permanent magnet. By the magnetic fields of the permanent magnet thus takes place a Vorsättigung in the magnetically active material of the first magnetic core and of the second magnetic core. Preferably, a magnetic circuit leading portion of the first magnetic core and a respective opposite overlap

Magnetkreisführender region of the second magnetic core at least partially.

Another advantageous development of the actuator according to the invention provides that the interruption area, which in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the

Cylindrical coil is disposed between the parts of the permanent magnet, at least partially, preferably completely, by the second magnetic core and / or filled with a magnetically active material having a permeability μ _Γ »1. Advantageously, here form the two parts of

Permanent magnet with the second magnetic core on the cylinder coil side facing a substantially planar surface.

Particularly preferably, the two partial regions of the first magnetic core, which are preferably interrupted by the non-magnetic separator element, overlap in the direction perpendicular to the cylindrical coil axis the interruption region between the parts of the permanent magnet, at least in sections. Particularly preferably, this interruption area is completely filled by the second magnetic core. In a relevant cutting plane in this

Overlap area follow perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the solenoid second magnetic core, first magnetic core and cylindrical coil spatially.

A further advantageous embodiment of the actuator according to the invention is characterized in that the dimension of the non-magnetic separating element in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical coil increases with increasing distance from the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical coil, preferably increases strictly monotonically, in particular linearly increases.

In a preferred embodiment, the recess is in the first

Magnet core, so the non-magnetic separator, formed as an air gap or filled with air.

In another preferred embodiment, the actuator assembly is rotationally symmetrical about the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical coil. In a further preferred embodiment, at least one of the two parts of the permanent magnet, preferably both parts, is designed as a ring magnet. The ring magnets can be arranged such that they run parallel to one another in two different planes perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical coil.

In an alternative embodiment, the respective parts of the

Permanent magnet additionally formed interrupted in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical coil. As a result, each of the relevant parts of the permanent magnet in turn consists of at least two

Permanent magnets, which complement in the said plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical coil segmental to the relevant part of the permanent magnet. Due to the splitting of the permanent magnet into a number of segments, a simpler and less expensive assembly of the actuator and a more cost-effective production of the permanent magnet are possible.

The electromagnetic action principle is described below with reference to preferred embodiments of the subject matter of the invention or of the actuator:

The actuator consists of two respective modules that are mounted relative to each other displaceable. The first module comprises the solenoid, the first magnetic core and the non-magnetic separator. The second module comprises a plunger, via which plunger the actuator can act on a connected system, for example a motor, the second magnetic core and the permanent magnet.

In the de-energized state, when no current flows through the cylindrical coil, the resulting magnetic field in the actuator is generated substantially solely by the two parts of the permanent magnet. By the at least two parts of the

Permanent magnets create two opposing magnetic circuits. By the Magnetic circuits thus takes place a Vorsättigung in the magnetically active material of the first magnetic core and the second magnetic core.

The actuator is in the initial position, ie in the undeflected state, when the non-magnetic separator is arranged centrally between the two parts of the permanent magnet.

The division of the permanent magnet allows a symmetrical arrangement of the two parts of the permanent magnet with the first magnetic core and the non-magnetic separator. This results in combination with the rotationally symmetrical structure, a compensation of the forces acting through the magnetic fields of the two permanent magnets. Depending on the deflection of the actuator, there is a flux density shift that compensates for the change in the coverage between the two parts of the permanent magnet and the first magnetic core. Thus, no force is transmitted to a tethered system, such as a motor, via the plunger.

In the energized state is due to the flow of current in the solenoid a

generates additional magnetic field. The current flow in the coil forms a magnetic field perpendicular to the coil turns. Depends on the

Deflection of the actuator occurs by the superposition of the magnetic field of the coil with the magnetic fields of the two permanent magnets to a reinforcement of the magnetic field around one of the two parts of the permanent magnet. The result is a force effect, which counteracts or amplifies the deflection of the plunger. By reversing the direction of current flow in the solenoid, the force effect is reversed.

Since the force in the de-energized state is canceled independently of the deflection of the plunger and thus of the entire second module, only the magnetic field resulting from the current flow in the cylindrical coil contributes to the course of the force field acting. That is, a resulting force depends only on the magnetization of the solenoid and thus on the current flow in the solenoid. This results in a simple proportional relationship for the actuator between the current flowing through the solenoid and the resultant force transmitted via the plunger to a connected system. The actuator thus has a deflection-independent current-proportional force map.

In the initial position close the magnetic flux lines, which emanate from the upper part of the permanent magnet, that is the part of the

Permanent magnet, which is arranged in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical coil above in the direction of the plunger of the non-magnetic separator, via the first magnetic core, the interface between the first and second magnetic core, the second magnetic core and back to said part of the permanent magnet.

Similarly, the magnetic flux lines, which emanate from the lower part of the permanent magnet, that is the part of the permanent magnet, which is arranged in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical coil below the non-magnetic separator, via the first magnetic core, the interface between the first and second magnetic core and close the second magnetic core back to said part of the permanent magnet.

The actuator knows two possible deflection directions parallel to the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical coil. A positive deflection of the plunger and thus the entire second module takes place in the direction of the part of the permanent magnet, which faces the motor. A negative deflection of the plunger and thus the

entire second module takes place in the direction of the part of the permanent magnet, which faces away from the motor.

When positively deflected, the lower part of the overlap

Permanent magnets and the non-magnetic separator. Since the magnetic resistance in the non-magnetic separating element is greater than in the first magnetic core, the magnetic flux lines of the permanent magnet close over a side facing away from said part of the permanent magnet shell side of the first

Magnetic core around the solenoid. Analogously, this also applies to a negative deflection of the plunger and thus the entire second module in the opposite direction. Here overlap the upper part of the permanent magnet and the non-magnetic separation element, so that close the magnetic flux lines of the upper permanent magnet on the side facing away from said part of the permanent magnet shell side of the first magnetic core around the cylindrical coil.

Since the two parts of the permanent magnet with the first magnetic core and the non-magnetic separator constitute a symmetrical arrangement, the respective force is released independently of the deflection. As a result, no force is transmitted to a tethered system, such as a motor, via the plunger.

In the energized state, an additional magnetic field is generated by the current flow in the coil. The current flow in the coil forms a magnetic field in the first magnetic core perpendicular to the coil turns. Its magnetic flux lines are closed by the first magnetic core via the interface between the first and second magnetic core, via the second magnetic core and part of the permanent magnet back to the first magnetic core. In addition, the magnetic field lines emanating from the permanent magnets, as already above

described. By superimposing these magnetic fields, the magnetic field is amplified depending on a direction of current flow in the solenoid around the upper or lower part of the permanent magnet. By amplifying the magnetic field around a portion of the permanent magnet, a force effect is produced which counteracts or enhances a deflection of the plunger or, in general, a relative displacement of the first module relative to the second module. By reversing the direction of current flow in the solenoid, the force effect is reversed.

Since the force in the de-energized state is canceled independently of the deflection of the plunger and thus of the entire second module, only the magnetic field resulting from the current flow in the cylindrical coil contributes to the course of the force field acting. That is, a resultant force depends only on the Magnetization in Arbeitshubbereich the actuator of the solenoid from. This results in a simple proportional relationship for the actuator between the current flowing through the solenoid and the resultant force transmitted to a connected system via the plunger. The actuator thus has a deflection-independent current-proportional force characteristic field in its working stroke range.

Further advantages and properties of the invention can be explained below with reference to exemplary embodiments and the figures. Showing:

Figure 1 is a sectional view of an embodiment of a

actuator according to the invention;

FIG. 2 shows three representations of the actuator in the de-energized state, a:

Hub = 0, b: Hub = + s, c: Hub = -s;

FIG. 3 shows three representations of the actuator in the energized state with a first current flow direction (in the cross section of the cylindrical coil out of the drawing plane), a: stroke = 0, b: stroke = + s, c: stroke =

-s;

Figure 4 shows three representations of the actuator in the energized state with a second current flow direction (in cross section of

Cylindrical coil into the drawing plane), a: stroke = 0, b: stroke = + s, c: stroke = -s;

FIG. 5 shows associated actuator characteristics, namely a: characteristic curve for

Magnetic force and current, b: characteristic for magnetic force and stroke;

FIG. 6 depictions of embodiments of the permanent magnet, namely a: ring magnet with radial magnetization, b:

segmented ring magnet with radial magnetization, c:

segmented ring magnet with diametral magnetization;

Figure 7 representations of a selection of four possible

Embodiments of the actuator in sub-images a to d;

Figure 8 shows three representations of an embodiment of an actuator with axial pole faces in the direction of displacement in the de-energized state, a: stroke = 0, b: stroke = + s, c: stroke = -s; Figure 9 shows three representations of the embodiment of an actuator with axial pole faces in the displacement direction in the energized state with a first current flow direction (in cross section of

Solenoid out of the drawing plane), a: stroke = 0, b: stroke = + s, c: stroke = -s;

Figure 10 shows three representations of the embodiment of an actuator with axial pole faces in the displacement direction in the energized state with a second current flow direction (in cross section of

Figure 1 1 three representations of an embodiment of an actuator with axially magnetized permanent magnet in the de-energized state, a: stroke = 0, b: stroke = + s, c: stroke = -s;

FIG. 12 shows three illustrations of an exemplary embodiment of an actuator with axially magnetized permanent magnets having a first current flow direction (in the cross section of the cylindrical coil out of the plane of the drawing), a: stroke = 0, b: stroke = + s, c: stroke = -s;

FIG. 13 shows three illustrations of an exemplary embodiment of an actuator with axially magnetized permanent magnet in the energized state with a second current flow direction (in the cross section of the cylindrical coil into the drawing plane), a: stroke = 0, b: stroke = + s, c: stroke = -s; and

Figure 14 shows an embodiment of an actuator with

Saturation dock.

Figure 1 shows a sectional view of an embodiment of the actuator according to the invention. The actuator 1 comprises an electrically conductive cylindrical coil 2, a first magnetic core 3 made of ferromagnetic material, a second magnetic core 4 made of ferromagnetic material and a permanent magnet 5 with the parts 5a and 5b.

The first magnetic core 3 encloses the cylindrical coil 2 substantially

in full, forming an outer surface 3a, a bottom surface 3b, a Top surface 3c and an inner surface 3d off. At the permanent magnet 5 facing inner surface 3d of the first magnetic core 3 is interrupted by a recess, which recess forms a non-magnetic separator 10.

Centrally within the cylindrical coil 2, the second magnetic core 4 is arranged. At the second magnetic core 4, the two parts 5a and 5b of the permanent magnet 5 are arranged. The second magnetic core 4 is connected via a plunger 11 with an engine mount (not shown).

The magnetization direction of the two parts 5a, 5b of the permanent magnet is oriented perpendicular to a longitudinal axis 12 of the cylindrical coil 2. The two parts 5a, 5b of the permanent magnet are spatially spaced apart in the direction of the longitudinal axis 12 of the cylindrical coil. The interruption area between the two parts 5a, 5b of the permanent magnet is filled with the second magnetic core 4. In this case, the upper part 5a of the permanent magnet, the second magnetic core 4 and the lower part 5b of the permanent magnet on the first magnetic core 3 side facing a substantially planar surface.

The elements cylindrical coil 2, first magnetic core 3 and non-magnetic

Separating element 10 form a first module 15. The elements plunger 1 1, second magnetic core 4 and permanent magnet 5 form a second module 1 6. The first module 15 is arranged relative to the second module 1 6 slidably.

The actuator according to FIG. 1 is substantially radially symmetrical with respect to FIG

Longitudinal axis 12 of the cylindrical coil 2 is formed.

FIG. 2 shows, in three partial illustrations a to c, the electromagnetic operating principle of the actuator according to FIG. 1 in the de-energized state. For a more compact representation, the right half of the actuator is shown in each case starting from the longitudinal axis 12 of the cylindrical coil 2 forming the axis of symmetry. FIG. 2 a shows the starting position, that is to say the undeflected state. The deflection over the entire stroke range from -s to + s is shown in FIGS. 2 to 4 with the double arrow at reference symbol C.

Through the two parts 5a and 5b of the permanent magnet 5, a magnetic field is generated. The two parts 5a and 5b of the permanent magnet 5 have a radial magnetization perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 12 of the cylindrical coil 2. Here, the flow lines, represented by the solid line 19 a, for the upper part 5 a of the permanent magnet 5 via the first magnetic core 3, the boundary 20 a between the first magnetic core 3 and the second magnetic core 4 and the second magnetic core 4 extend back to the upper part 5 a of the permanent magnet 5 ,

Likewise, the magnetic flux lines, represented by the solid line 19b, for the lower part 5b of the permanent magnet 5 via the first magnetic core 3, the boundary 20b between the first magnetic core 3 and the second run

Magnetic core 4 and the second magnetic core 4 back to the lower part 5b of the permanent magnet 5. The magnetic circuit 19a and the magnetic circuit 19b are oriented in opposite directions.

This constellation results in saturation effects, which on the one hand lead to an increase in the magnetic resistance and on the other hand to a

Force action on the second magnetic core 4 by the axial component of the

This force effect is compensated by the mirrored, that is symmetrical arrangement of the two parts 5a and 5b of the permanent magnet 5 and the first magnetic core 3 with the non-magnetic separator 10, so that in this state the plunger 1 1 no force to a motor (not shown) is transmitted.

In Figure 2b, the actuator 1 is shown at a deflection of the plunger 1 1 in a positive y-direction. Due to the deflection of the plunger 1 1 overlap the lower part of the permanent magnet 5 b and the non-magnetic separator 10 at reference numeral A. Since the magnetic resistance in the non-magnetic

Separating element 10 is very large, close the magnetic flux lines, represented by the solid line 21 b, for the lower part of the permanent magnet 5 b now substantially over the outer region of the first magnetic core 3 around the cylindrical coil 2 and not on the non-magnetic

Separating element 10. This results in a flux density shift, that is, an increase in the magnetic flux density at the boundary 20a between the first magnetic core 3 and the second magnetic core 4. The increase in the magnetic

Flux density compensates the force effect that results from the larger coverage between the first magnetic core 3 and the upper part 5a of the permanent magnet. The magnetic field has thus here at the transition between the first module 15 and the second module 1 6 at the upper part of the permanent magnet 5a in addition to a radial component, perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 12 of the cylindrical coil 2, an axial component, parallel to the longitudinal axis 12 of the cylindrical coil 2. Analog There is a local reduction in the magnetic flux density in the first magnetic core 3 at reference A. The force in the upper part of the

Magnetic core 4 is due to the lower coverage between the first magnetic core

3 and the lower part 5b of the permanent magnet and thereby compensated in terms of magnitude identical, but acting in the opposite direction, axial component of the magnetic field.

The compensation of the force in the de-energized state is achieved by the geometry of the two parts 5a and 5b of the permanent magnet 5 relative to the first magnetic core 3 with the non-magnetic separator 10 at the transition surfaces between the first magnetic core 3 and the second magnetic core

4 is chosen so that the amounts of the y components of the magnetic field at the transitions between the first magnetic core 3 and the second magnetic core 4 are always the same for a positive deflection in the y direction. Due to the mirrored / symmetrical arrangement, the resulting force effect lifts from the

Axial component of the magnetic field on the plunger 1 1 on. Overall, there is no resultant force between the first module 15 and the second module 16.

In Figure 2c is equivalent to Figure 2b, the deflection in the opposite

Direction, that is represented in a negative y-direction. Here, the upper part of the permanent magnet 5a and the non-magnetic separator 10 overlap at reference B. Due to the high magnetic resistance in the non-magnetic separator 10, the magnetic flux lines, represented by the solid line 21 a, extend for the upper part of the

Permanent magnet 5a substantially over the outer region of the first magnetic core 3 around the cylindrical coil 2 and not on the non-magnetic

Separating element 10.

This results in a flux density shift, that is, an increase in the magnetic flux density at the boundary 20b between the first magnetic core 3 and the second magnetic core 4. The magnetic field thus has here at the transition between the first module 15 and the second module 1 6 at the upper part of the permanent magnet 5a in addition to a radial component, perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 12 of the

Cylindrical coil 2, an axial component, parallel to the longitudinal axis 12 of the

Cylinder Coil 2. This compensates for the force produced by the larger one

Covering between the first magnetic core 3 and the lower part 5b of

Permanent magnet exists. Similarly, there is a local reduction in the magnetic flux density in the first magnetic core 3 at reference B. The force in the lower part of the magnetic core 4 is due to the lower

Covering between the first magnetic core 3 and the upper part 5a of

Permanent magnets and thereby in terms of magnitude identical, but in

opposite direction acting, axial component of the magnetic field compensated.

The compensation of the force effect in the de-energized state is achieved by the geometry of the two parts 5a and 5b of the permanent magnet 5 relative to the first magnetic core 3 is selected with the non-magnetic separator 10 at the transition surfaces between the first magnetic core 3 and the second magnetic core 4 so that the amounts of the y-component of the magnetic field at the transitions between the first magnetic core 3 and the second magnetic core 4 are always the same for a negative deflection in the y-direction. Due to the mirrored / symmetrical arrangement, the resulting force effect lifts from the

Axial component of the magnetic field on the plunger 1 1 on. Overall, there is no resultant force between the first module 15 and the second module 16. The opposing magnetic circuits of the two parts of the permanent magnet 5a, 5b are structurally designed so that over the entire stroke range, the respective axial component of the magnetic field is inversely identical. As a result, the force on the plunger 1 1 is compensated both for a deflection in the positive and in the negative y-direction, that is, over the entire stroke range.

FIG. 3 shows, in three partial illustrations a to c corresponding to FIGS. 2a to 2c, the electromagnetic operating principle of the actuator according to the invention in the energized state. By way of example, it is assumed in FIG. 3 that the current flow through the cylindrical coil 2 is oriented in such a way that it flows out of the plane of the drawing.

As a result, the cylindrical coil 2 acts as an electromagnet, that is, a magnetic field is generated by the current flow in the coil whose magnetic field lines are as follows: In undeflected state (Figure 3a) run the magnetic

Flow lines of the energized solenoid 2, represented by the dashed line 22, via the first magnetic core 3, the boundary 20a between the first magnetic core 3 and the second magnetic core 4, the second magnetic core 4 and the lower part 5b of the permanent magnet 5 back to the first magnetic core. 3

In addition to the magnetic field lines 22 of the cylindrical coil 2 run the

Magnetic field lines 19a and 19b of the two parts 5a and 5b of the permanent magnet, as described above, respectively via the first magnetic core 3 and the second magnetic core 4. By the superposition of the two magnetic fields, there is an increase in the magnetic flux density at the boundary 20a between the first

Magnetic core 3 and second magnetic core 4. This creates a resultant force between the first module 15 and the second module 1 6, which acts parallel to the longitudinal axis 12 of the cylindrical coil 2 due to the radially symmetrical arrangement of the actuator.

As described above with reference to FIGS. 2a to 2c, the force effect which is produced by the magnetic field of the permanent magnets 5 is compensated over the entire stroke range. This results in the result of the additional magnetic field due to the energization of the cylindrical coil 2, a resulting hubunabhängiger Power / current context. This stroke-independent force / current relationship is described in FIGS. 5a and 5b and applies to all others described below

Representations in Figures 1 to 4 and 8 to 14 with all sub-figures.

FIG. 3b shows the course of the magnetic flux lines 19a, 19b of FIG

Permanent magnet 5 and the course of the magnetic flux lines 22 of the

Electromagnet 2 shown at a deflection of the plunger 1 1 in a positive y-direction. Here, close the magnetic flux lines 19b of the lower part of the permanent magnet 5b as in Figure 2b on the externa ßeren range of the first magnetic core 3. By the deflection of the lower part of the overlaps

Permanent magnet 5b with the non-magnetic separator 10. The high magnetic resistance of the non-magnetic separator 10 forces the course of the magnetic flux lines in the upper region of the second

Magnetic core 4 and thus to the cylindrical coil 2. The magnetic flux lines of the lower part of the permanent magnet 5b extend in the first magnetic core 3 so parallel to the magnetic flux lines of the energized cylindrical coil. 2

This results in a flux density increase at the boundary between the first magnetic core 3 and the second magnetic core 4 in the region 20a with a greater overlap between the upper part 5a of the permanent magnet and the first magnetic core 3. The flux density increase is no longer symmetrical due to the additional magnetic field of the cylindrical coil 2 and there is a force effect between the first module 15 and the second module 1 6, which due to the

radially symmetrical arrangement of the actuator parallel to the longitudinal axis 12 of the cylindrical coil 2 acts. The magnetic field has thus here at the transition between the first module 15 and the second module 16 an additional axial component by the magnetic field of the cylindrical coil, parallel to the longitudinal axis 12 of the cylindrical coil 2. This further axial component is not canceled, so that a force parallel to the longitudinal axis 12 of the cylindrical coil 2 is created.

In FIG. 3c, the course of the magnetic flux lines 19a, 19b of FIG

Permanent magnets and the course of the magnetic flux lines 22 of the

Electromagnet 2 at a deflection of the plunger 1 1 in a negative y-direction shown. Due to the deflection, the upper part 5a of the overlaps

Here, the magnetic flux lines 19a of the upper part of the permanent magnet 5a close despite the generally disadvantageous high magnetic resistance on the non-magnetic separator 10. The magnetic flux lines 22 of the cylindrical coil 2 run despite the generally disadvantageous high magnetic resistance of the non-magnetic separator 10 from the first magnetic core 3 via the non-magnetic separator 10 in the second magnetic core 4 via the lower part 5b of the permanent magnet 5. The magnetic field lines of the upper part 5a of the permanent magnet can not, as in Figure 2c, on the outer region 3a , 3b, 3c of the first magnetic core 3, since in the outer region 3a, 3b, 3c of the first magnetic core 3 and thus around the cylindrical coil 2, the magnetic field lines 22 of the cylindrical coil 22 extend in the opposite direction. Thus, the magnetic field at the upper part of the permanent magnet 5a has an additional axial component which is in a magnetic force in the axial direction, i. H. parallel to the longitudinal axis 12 of the cylindrical coil 2 results.

FIG. 4 shows, in three partial illustrations, FIGS. 4a to 4c, a representation of the actuator according to the invention with respect to FIGS. 3a to 3c

opposite current direction in the solenoid 2.

In FIG. 4 a, it is assumed that the current flow through the cylindrical coil 2 is oriented such that it flows into the plane of the drawing. As a result, the coil 2 acts as an electromagnet, that is, a magnetic field is generated by the current flow in the coil 2, whose magnetic field lines are as follows: In undeflected state, shown in Figure 4a, the magnetic flux lines 22 of the energized cylindrical coil 2 from the first Magnetic core 3 via the boundary 20b between the first magnetic core 3 and the second magnetic core 4, the second magnetic core 4 and the upper part of the permanent magnet 5a back into the first magnetic core.

FIGS. 4b and 4c show the course of the magnetic field lines in the deflected state. The course is analogous to the considerations already described in FIGS. 3a and 3c. Here, the magnetic field at the lower part of the permanent magnet 5b an additional axial component which results in a magnetic force in the axial direction, ie parallel to the longitudinal axis 12 of the cylindrical coil 2.

Here, in Figure 4c, there is a flux density increase at the boundary between the first magnetic core 3 and the second magnetic core 4 in the region 20b with a simultaneous larger overlap between the lower part 5b of the permanent magnet and the first magnetic core 3. The increase in flux density is due to the additional

Magnetic field of the solenoid 2 is no longer symmetrical, and it creates a

Force action between the first module 15 and the second module 1 6, which acts parallel to the longitudinal axis 12 of the cylindrical coil 2 due to the radially symmetrical arrangement of the actuator.

FIG. 5 shows the idealized force effect of the current-driven actuator over the intended stroke range. In Figure 5a, the magnetic force / current characteristic of the actuator is shown. The x-axis shows the current in the solenoid 2 and the y-axis shows the resulting magnetic force: The magnetic force acting between the first module 15 and the second module 16 is dependent on the magnitude and direction of the force, regardless of the displacement of the plunger 1 1, linear with the at the

Cylinder coil 2 applied current together.

FIG. 5b shows the magnetic force / stroke characteristic of the actuator. The x-axis shows the deflection of the plunger 1 1 and the y-axis shows the resulting

Magnetic force: acting between the first module 15 and the second module 1 6

Magnetic force is independent of the deflection of the plunger 1 1 for a constant current, but assumes different values and directions for different currents.

The actuator thus has a hub-independent current-proportional force map. Thus, the actuator has a constant force / current gradient and allows a precise adjustment of a bearing stiffness of an example, to the second module 1 6 coupled to the unit bearing. For use in an active engine mount or engine mount, the actuator is constituted by a dimensionally stable elastically suspended membrane connected to the second module 16 of the actuator of the unit bearing an oscillatory spring-mass system. By means of dynamic actuation of the actuator, the bearing stiffness can be increased or lowered in a frequency-selective manner via the second module 16 coupled to the diaphragm of the unit bearing, and the phase of a vibration can be changed.

FIG. 6 shows in the partial illustrations 6a to 6c a schematic illustration of an exemplary embodiment of a part of the permanent magnet 5, as can be used in an actuator according to the invention. The one part of the

Permanent magnet 5 is shown in Figure 6a as a ring magnet with a radial

Magnetization 23 executed. The ring magnet is in the direction of rotation without

Interruptions trained. The magnetization 23 is at all points of the ring magnet perpendicular to an axis 24 which passes through the center of the ring and is perpendicular to the circular surface of the ring magnet, and points to the center of the ring.

FIG. 6b shows a part 5a of the permanent magnet 5 as an exemplary embodiment which consists of six ring-shaped radially magnetized magnet segments 5.a1 to 5.a6. The magnet segments 5.a1 to 5.a6 are designed such that they are joined in the circumferential direction substantially directly to one another,

for example, form-fitting or cohesively, and form a closed ring. Alternatively, due to design or manufacturing due between two

Magnetic segments in the circumferential direction are present a separation, which may be preferably filled by air or a non-magnetic material having a permeability of μ _Γ = 1. The magnetization 23 is at all points of the closed ring magnet perpendicular to an axis 24, which passes through the center of the ring and is perpendicular to the circular surface of the ring magnet, and points to the center of the ring.

FIG. 6c shows as an example a part 5b of the permanent magnet 5 which is made up of six ring-shaped magnet segments 5.b1 to 5.b6 which are diametrically magnetized. The magnet segments 5.b1 to 5.b6 are designed such that they are substantially immediately adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction are joined, for example, form-fitting or cohesively, and form a closed ring. Alternatively, there may be a separation between two magnet segments in the circumferential direction due to the design or production, which may preferably be filled by air or a non-magnetic material having a permeability of μ _Γ = 1. The magnetization 23 is in all points of the closed ring magnet perpendicular to an axis 24, which through the

Center of the ring runs while perpendicular to the circular surface of the

Ring magnet is. In addition, the magnetization 23 of the individual

Magnetic segments 5.b1 to 5.b6 each in parallel. At two adjacent

Magnetic segments 5.b1 to 5.b6, however, the magnetization 23 is different by an angle greater than 0 °.

FIG. 7 shows an overview of possible arrangements of the first module 15 and of the second module 16 in relation to one another in four partial illustrations, FIGS. 7a to 7d. Representations 7a to 7d each show one half of the actuator assembly 1 along the axis of symmetry 12. The elements cylindrical coil 2, first magnetic core 3 and non-magnetic separator 10 form the first module 15. The elements plunger 1 1, second magnetic core 4 and permanent magnet 5 form the second module 1 6.

In Figure 7a, the first module 15 is arranged stationary. The second module 1 6 is disposed radially inside the cylindrical coil and slidably. The first module 15 and the second module 1 6 are relatively displaceable.

In Figure 7b, the first module 15 is slidably disposed. The second module 1 6 is arranged stationarily in the interior of the cylindrical coil. The first module 15 and the second module 1 6 are relatively displaceable.

FIGS. 7c and 7d show two exemplary embodiments, in each of which the first module

15 inside and the second module 1 6 outside the cylindrical coil of the first module 15 is arranged. In Figure 7c, the first module 15 is displaceable and the second module

1 6 arranged stationary. In Figure 7d, the second module 1 6 is displaceable and the first module 15 arranged stationary. The first module 15 and the second module 1 6 are also displaceable relative to each other here.

FIG. 8 shows, in three partial illustrations a to c, the electromagnetic operating principle of the actuator with axial pole faces. The first magnetic core 3 has at the

Permanent magnet 5 side facing a projecting top surface 13 and a protruding bottom surface 14. The protruding top surface 13 overlaps the upper part 5a of the permanent magnet 5 in a plane perpendicular to

Longitudinal axis 12 of the cylindrical coil 2. The protruding bottom surface 14 overlaps the lower part 5b of the permanent magnet 5 parallel to said plane. This overlap causes the resulting force between the first module 15 and the second module 16 to be increased by the current flow in the cylindrical coil 2 at almost maximum deflection in the positive or negative y direction, respectively.

In Figure 8a, the initial position, i. H. the undeflected state is shown. FIG. 8b shows the deflected state with the stroke + s. FIG. 8c shows the opposite deflected state with the stroke -s.

The two parts 5a, 5b of the permanent magnet 5 have a radial

Magnetization perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 12 of the cylindrical coil 2. Through the two parts 5a and 5b of the permanent magnet 5 two counter-rotating magnetic circuits 55a and 55b are generated, as described for Figure 2a.

In the case of a deflection with stroke = + s, shown in FIG. 8b, the magnetic field of the lower part 5b of the permanent magnet runs as described for FIG. 2b. The magnetic field of the upper part 5 a of the permanent magnet has an additional magnetic circuit 55 c, which closes over the protruding top surface 13. There is thus an increase in power in the stroke end position.

In a deflection with stroke = -s, shown in FIG. 8c, the magnetic field of the upper part 5a of the permanent magnet runs as described for FIG. 2c. The magnetic field of the lower part 5b of the permanent magnet has an additional one Magnetic circuit 55d, which closes on the protruding bottom surface 14. It thus comes here also to an increase in force in the stroke end position.

FIG. 9 shows in three partial illustrations a to c corresponding to FIGS. 8a to 8c the electromagnetic action principle of the actuator according to the invention with axial pole faces in the energized state. By way of example, it is assumed in FIG. 9 that the current flow through the cylindrical coil 2 is oriented in such a way that it flows out of the plane of the drawing.

In addition to the magnetic field of the two permanent magnets 5a, 5b described with reference to FIGS. 8a to 8c, the current supply to the cylindrical coil 2 produces a further magnetic field 65a. In the undeflected state, shown in FIG. 9a, the magnetic field lines 65a of the cylindrical coil run largely analogously to the magnetic field lines of the cylindrical coil in FIG. 3a.

In a deflection with stroke = + s, shown in Figure 9b, run the

Magnetic field lines 65 b of the cylindrical coil with an additional magnetic circuit 65 b. 2, which extends over the protruding top surface 13 around the upper part of the

Permanent magnet 5a closes. It comes here to an increase in force in the stroke end position.

In a deflection with stroke = -s, shown in Figure 9c, run

Magnetic field lines 65c of the cylindrical coil 2 with an additional magnetic circuit 65c.2, which extends over the protruding bottom surface 14 to the lower part of the

Permanent magnet 5b closes. It thus comes here also to an increase in force in the stroke end position.

FIG. 10 shows, in three partial illustrations a to c corresponding to FIGS. 8a to 8c, the electromagnetic operating principle of the actuator according to the invention with axial pole faces in the energized state. By way of example, it is assumed in FIG. 10 that the current flow through the cylindrical coil 2 is oriented in such a way that it flows into the cylinder coil 2

Drawing plane flows into it. The magnetic field lines of the two parts of the permanent magnet 5a, 5b extend as described for FIGS. 8a to 8c. The magnetic field lines 75a, 75b, 75c of the cylindrical coil 2 are in consideration of the reverse one

Bestromungsrichtung analogous to Figure 9a to 9c.

FIG. 11 shows, in three partial illustrations a to c, the electromagnetic operating principle of the actuator with axially magnetized permanent magnet in the currentless state. For compact presentation, starting from the axis of symmetry 12, only the right half of the actuator is shown.

In Figure 1 1 a is the initial position, d. H. the undeflected state is shown. In Figure 1 1 b the deflected state is shown with the stroke + s. In Figure 1 1 c, the opposite deflected state is shown with the stroke -s.

The two parts 5b of the permanent magnet 5 have an axial magnetization, i. H. parallel to the longitudinal axis 12 of the cylindrical coil 2. By the two parts 5a and 5b of the permanent magnet 5, two counter-rotating magnetic circuits are generated whose flow lines by means of solid lines 55a for the upper part 5a of the permanent magnet 5 and 55b for the lower part of

Permanent magnets 5b are shown. The magnetic circuit 55a of the upper part of the permanent magnet extends from the upper part 5a of FIG

Permanent magnets on the second magnetic core 4, the boundary 20a between the second magnetic core 4 and the first magnetic core 3 in the first magnetic core 3 and back in the second magnetic core 4 back to the upper part 5a of

Permanent magnet 5. Accordingly, the magnetic circuit 55b of the lower part 5b of the permanent magnet runs in opposite directions starting from the lower part of the

Permanent magnets 5b in the second magnetic core 4 via the boundary 20b between the second magnetic core 4 and the first magnetic core 3 in the first magnetic core 3 and back into the second magnetic core 4 back to the lower part of

Permanent magnets 5b.

By the counter-rotating magnetic circuits 55a and 55b, a magnetic saturation in the magnetically active material of the first magnetic core 3 and the In addition, the axial component of the magnetic field, ie the components parallel to the longitudinal axis 12 of the cylindrical coil 2, at the transition from at the boundary between the first magnetic core 3 and the second magnetic core 4 to a force effect. This force effect is mirrored by the, ie

symmetrical arrangement of the two parts 5a and 5b of the permanent magnet 5 and the first magnetic core 3 compensated with the non-magnetic separator 10, so that in this state via the plunger 1 1 no force to a motor or the like (not shown) is transmitted.

In FIG. 11b, the actuator is shown in a positive y-direction (stroke = + s) during a deflection of the plunger 11. Due to the deflection, the position of the non-magnetic separator 10 shifts with respect to both parts of the

Permanent magnets 5a, 5b. Here, there is no overlap of the first magnetic core 3 with the second magnetic core 4 between the upper part of the permanent magnet 5a and the lower part of the permanent magnet 5b. Since the magnetic resistance in the non-magnetic separator 10 is relatively large, the magnetic flux lines, represented by the solid line 65b, for the lower part of the permanent magnet 5b now close substantially over the outer region of the first magnetic core 3 around the cylindrical coil 2 and not over the non-magnetic separator 10. This leads to a

Flux density shift, d. H. Increasing the magnetic flux density at the boundary 20a between the first magnetic core 3 and the second magnetic core 4. The increase in the magnetic flux density compensates for the force effect resulting from the greater coverage between the first magnetic core 3 and the second magnetic core 4 in the region of the upper part of the permanent magnet 5a arises. The magnetic field has here at the transition between the first magnetic core 3 and the second magnetic core 4 at the upper part of the permanent magnet 5a in addition to a radial

Component perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical coil 2 still another axial component parallel to the longitudinal axis 12 of the cylindrical coil 2. Accordingly, there is a reduction in the magnetic flux density in the first magnetic core 3 in the region of the lower part 5b of the permanent magnet. Since the two parts 5a and 5b of the permanent magnet represent a symmetrical arrangement, stand out the respective resulting forces. Thus, the force is compensated for the plunger 1 1 at a deflection in the positive y-direction.

In Figure 1 1 c is equivalent to Figure 1 1 b, the deflection in the opposite direction, d. H. represented in a negative y-direction with stroke = -s. The

Magnetic field lines are taking into account the reverse

Deflection direction analogous to Figure 1 1 b.

The opposing magnetic circuits 55a, 55b, 65a, 65b, 75a, 75b of the two parts of the permanent magnet 5a, 5b are structurally designed so that in the de-energized state over the entire stroke range (-s, + s) the respective axial component of the magnetic field of a Part of the permanent magnet 5 is inversely identical to the respective axial component of the magnetic field of the other part of the

Permanentmagneten 5. As a result, the force on the plunger 1 1 for both a deflection in the positive and in the negative y-direction, d. H. compensated over the entire stroke range.

FIG. 12 shows, in three partial illustrations a to c corresponding to FIGS. 11a to 11c, the electromagnetic operating principle of the actuator with axially magnetized

Permanent magnet in the energized state. In order to avoid repetition, the following will only deal with the differences from the exemplary embodiment with radial magnetization shown in FIG. 3 and described with reference to FIG

Permanent magnets received. By way of example, FIG. 12 thereof

assumed that the current flow through the cylindrical coil 2 is oriented so that it flows into the plane of the drawing.

As described above with reference to FIGS. 11a to 11c, the force effect produced by the magnetic field of the permanent magnets 5 is compensated over the entire stroke range. The magnetic field of the cylindrical coil runs as in the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 and described in FIG. Thus, the result of the additional magnetic field due to the energization of the cylindrical coil 2 is a resulting hub-independent force / current relationship. FIG. 13 shows, in three partial illustrations a to c corresponding to FIGS. 11a to 11c, the electromagnetic operating principle of the actuator with axially magnetized

Permanent magnet in the energized state. In order to avoid repetition, the following will only deal with the differences from the embodiment shown in FIG. 4 and described in FIG. 4 with radially magnetized ones

Permanent magnets received. By way of example, FIG. 13 thereof

assumed that the current flow through the cylindrical coil 2 is oriented so that it flows out of the plane of the drawing.

As described above with reference to FIGS. 11a to 11c, the force effect produced by the magnetic field of the permanent magnets 5 is compensated over the entire stroke range. The magnetic field of the cylindrical coil runs as in the embodiment shown in FIG. 4 and described in FIG. Thus, the result of the additional magnetic field due to the energization of the cylindrical coil 2 is a resulting hub-independent force / current relationship.

FIG. 14 shows a sectional view of an embodiment of the actuator with a saturable web. For more compact representation, only the right half of the actuator, starting from the longitudinal axis 12 forming the axis of symmetry, is shown. The non-magnetic separator 10 is formed here as a recess which does not fully penetrate the first magnetic core 3. Of the

Material cross section of the first magnetic core 3 is reduced only so far that the second magnetic core 4 facing side is obtained and forms a saturable web 70. The first magnetic core 3 is adjacent in two tapered ends 3.1, 3.2 to the saturable web 70. The reduction of the material cross section of the first

Magnetic core 3 decreases with decreasing distance from the longitudinal axis 12 of

Cylindrical coil 2 to, in particular such that on the second magnetic core 4 side facing just the saturable web 70 remains from the first magnetic core 3. By reducing the material cross section of the first magnetic core 3 is even in a small magnetic flux in the remaining

Saturation ridge 70 of the first magnetic core 3 reaches a magnetic saturation and thus the desired relative permeability of μ _Γ = 1. Reference symbol actuator

Cylinder coil, electromagnet

1 . magnetic core

a Outer surface

b floor space

c deck area

surface area

.1 tapered ends

.2 tapered ends

2nd magnetic core

permanent magnet

a upper part

b lower part

0 non-magnetic separator

1 sink

2 symmetry axis, longitudinal axis

3 protruding top surface

4 protruding floor space

5 first module

6 second module

9a Flow lines of the upper part of the permanent magnet 9b Flow lines of the lower part of the permanent magnet 0a Boundary between first and second magnetic cores 0b Boundary between first and second magnetic cores 1 a Flow lines of the upper part of the permanent magnet 1 b Flow lines of the lower part of the permanent magnet 2 Flux lines of the cylindrical coil

3 magnetization

4 axis

5a magnetic circuit 55b magnetic circuit

55c magnetic circuit

55d magnetic circuit

65a magnetic circuit

65b magnetic circuit

65b.2 additional magnetic circuit

65c magnetic circuit

65c.2 additional magnetic circuit

70 saturation bridge

75a magnetic circuit

75b magnetic circuit

75c magnetic circuit

A overlap

B overlap

C stroke range

Claims

claims

1 . Comprising actuator (1) for engine mounts

an electrically conductive cylindrical coil (2),

a first magnetic core (3) of ferromagnetic material,

a second magnetic core (4) of ferromagnetic material and

at least one permanent magnet (5) whose magnetization direction is oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (12) of the cylindrical coil (2),

the first and second magnetic cores (3, 4) being displaceable relative to one another in the direction of the longitudinal axis (12) of the cylindrical coil (2),

characterized in that the first magnetic core (3) substantially encloses the cylindrical coil (2) and is interrupted by a nonmagnetic separating element (10) on a shell side of the cylindrical coil (2) facing the permanent magnet (5), and in that the permanent magnet (5) in the direction of the longitudinal axis (12) of the cylindrical coil (2) is formed at least once interrupted and at least two parts (5a, 5b).

2. Actuator (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the two parts of the permanent magnet (5), preferably both, in projection perpendicular to the coil axis on the first magnetic core (3) this on its the cylindrical coil (2) side facing at least partially overlapped.

3. Actuator (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized

characterized in that an interruption area, which in the direction of

Longitudinal axis of the cylindrical coil (2) between the parts of the permanent magnet (5) is arranged, by the second magnetic core (4) at least partially, preferably completely, is filled.

4. actuator (1) according to claim 3, characterized in that the two parts of the permanent magnet (5) at its the cylindrical coil (2) side facing the second magnetic core (4) form a substantially planar surface.

5. Actuator (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first magnetic core (3) at its second magnetic core (4) facing side with the separating element (10) forms a substantially planar surface.

6. Actuator (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized

characterized in that at least a part of the permanent magnet (5), preferably both parts (5a, 5b), is annular.

7. actuator (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized

characterized in that at least a part of the permanent magnet (5), preferably both parts (5a, 5b), have a magnetization substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical coil (2) and is preferably magnetized diametrically, in particular radially, or parallel to the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical coil.

8. Actuator (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized

characterized in that at least a part of the permanent magnet (5), preferably both parts (5a, 5b), in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical coil (2) is composed of at least two segments.

9. actuator (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized

in that the cylindrical coil (2) and the first magnetic core (3) are immovably connected to one another and / or that the permanent magnet (5) and the second magnetic core (4) are immovably connected to one another.

10. Actuator (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized

characterized in that the cylindrical coil (2) including the first magnetic core (3) is resiliently mounted and the permanent magnet (5) including the second

Magnetic core (4) is stored statically.

1 1. Actuator (1) according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the cylindrical coil (2) including the first magnetic core (3) is statically supported and that the permanent magnet (5) including the second magnetic core (4) is resiliently mounted.

12. actuator (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized

in that the first magnetic core (3) has on its side facing the permanent magnet (5) a protruding cover surface (13) and / or a

protruding bottom surface (14) perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical coil (2), which cover surface (13) the first part of the permanent magnet (5a) and / or which bottom surface (14) the second part of the permanent magnet (5b) perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical coil ( 2) overlaps.

13. Actuator (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized

characterized in that the non-magnetic separating element (10) is formed, at least in the operating state, from a material having a permeability in the range of μ _Γ = 1.

14. Actuator (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized

in that the non-magnetic separating element (10) is formed as a recess, which recess the first magnetic core (3) on its side facing the second magnetic core (4) perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the

Cylinder coil (2) preferably fully penetrates.

15. Actuator (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized

characterized in that a dimension of the non-magnetic separating element (10) in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical coil (2) increases with increasing distance from the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical coil (2), preferably increases strictly monotonically, in particular increases linearly.