EP3093551A1 - Gas diffusion sleeve and method for gas detection - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a gas diffusion sleeve (15) having a sleeve head (20) and a sleeve shaft (19) extending along a sleeve longitudinal direction (L), the sleeve head (20) being attached to a longitudinal end of the sleeve shaft (19) and at least one surface (Fig. 28) extending outwardly of said one longitudinal end (26) of said bushing shank (19) in a longitudinal direction (L) projection view and facing said other longitudinal end (29) of said sheath shaft (19), said surface being in said surface (28) a groove (21) is introduced or a plurality of grooves (21) are introduced and the one groove (21) or each of the grooves (21) from the outer edge (30) of this surface (28) to the sleeve shank (19 ) extend or extend. In addition, the invention relates to a method for installing a gas diffusion sleeve (15), comprising the steps of providing a gas diffusion sleeve (15), introducing a hole through a ground cover layer up to or into a deeper layer, the one compared to the ground cover layer has greater permeability to gas, and inserting the sleeve shaft (19) into the bore. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for detecting emerging from an underground gas line gas (2).

Description

Field of engineering

The present invention relates to a gas diffusion sleeve, in particular for a ground cover layer having, for example, asphalt, mastic asphalt, concrete, paving or the like, pervasive assembly or use.

For gas pipes laid underground, there is a need to check for any leaks that may occur over time. Underground laid gas pipes are often first covered by one or more, relatively well gas-permeable soil layers, for example. Mineral mixture, RC filler, sand or the like, what about at least one less gas-permeable or even gas-impermeable layer (or even more nearly or completely gas impermeable Layers) are applied. In particular in road construction, the uppermost layer, which is also referred to below as the ground cover layer, is such a virtually or completely gas-impermeable layer which, for example, consists of asphalt (in particular of very hard, so-called blue asphalt), mastic asphalt, concrete, pavement or the like can be made. If gas escapes from a pipeline at a leaky point, it can spread through diffusion processes in the deeper, comparatively good gas-permeable soil layers, but can not escape upwards through the comparatively gas-tight seal above it. There is therefore a risk that gas will accumulate at a different location, creating a security risk.

State of the art

In order to detect such leaks, it is known in the state of the art to introduce so-called olfactory tubes into the soil already at the laying of the gas lines following their line progression at marked points above the gas line. The lower end of a olfactory tube adjoins a curved shell, which lies in the ground at a small distance above the gas line or even touches the gas line. In the shell there is an opening through which gas can pass from below the shell into the hollow interior of the olfactory tube. The upper end of the olfactory tube is enclosed by a road cap, the top lid of which can be opened in order to set up or admit a gas detector to detect gas leakage. At this known solution is perceived as a disadvantage that with the installation of a olfactory tube and the street cap a great effort is connected and that this must be done already during the installation of the gas line. In particular, the asphalt edge adjoining the road cap has to be densely compressed and is nevertheless sensitive to damage; In addition, when driving over road caps often disturbing noises and shocks occur. This use or the detection of gas leaks is expensive. Known olfactory tubes must be of such a length that they extend from just above the subsurface gas line to near the bottom surface. In addition to street caps, therefore, olfactory tubes also cause an undesirable cost factor. The necessary storage is felt to be disadvantageous. In addition, street caps often can not be used by gas supply companies due to a lack of approval, but this must be done costly by outside companies. From the DE 295 10 447 U1 is a device for locating leaks in underground gas lines known. DD 13 000 U relates to an olfactory tube for the detection of leaks in gas pipelines. Out CH 31 280 A a device is known on underground gas pipes for detecting leaks thereon.

Summary of the invention

Against this background, the invention has for its object to provide an advantageous replacement for the known combination of olfactory and street cap. In particular, it is desirable that the disadvantages described above can be eliminated as far as possible or completely.

The object is achieved according to the invention first and foremost by the features of claim 1. Accordingly, the invention relates to a gas diffusion sleeve, in particular for a ground cover layer, in particular asphalt, mastic asphalt, concrete, plaster or the like, pervasive mounting (or use), wherein the gas diffusion sleeve has a sleeve head and a sleeve shaft extending along a sleeve shank, wherein the sleeve head is affixed, in particular welded, to a longitudinal end of the sleeve shaft and has at least one surface which extends in a sleeve longitudinal direction projection outside said one longitudinal end of the sleeve shaft and which faces the other longitudinal end of the sleeve shaft, wherein said surface a groove is inserted or a plurality of grooves are introduced and wherein the one or more of the grooves of the outer edge of this surface directed to the sleeve shaft, in particular to the outside of the sleeve shaft, he stretch or extend.

The invention makes use of the fact that natural gas often transported underground in gas lines contains, inter alia, methane, which has approximately half the density of air. Methane therefore increases in gas as diffusion processes in gas-permeable soil layers upwards. If it hits an overlying, less or not gas-permeable layer, it dams up. A gas diffusion sleeve according to the invention may preferably be introduced into a soil in such a way that it penetrates a less or non-gas-permeable ground cover layer (and any underlying layers which are also slightly or not gas-permeable) and projects into a better gas-permeable layer underneath. In such use, gas from the comparatively good gas-permeable bottom layer can diffuse into the hollow interior of the gas diffusion sleeve and rise up therein. It has now been found that in addition to the outer surface of the sleeve shaft can take place an upward diffusion transport of gas, whereby the gas can also pass through the one or more less or not gas-permeable layers to the surface of the ground cover layer, where it, preferably by means of modern highly sensitive measuring devices can be detected.

In this respect, the gas diffusion sleeve could also be referred to as a gas leak search sleeve (GLS sleeve) or gas leak search tube (GLS tube). More generally, one could simply speak of a sleeve. Gas diffusion tubes according to the invention can also be used, for example, if a soil, in particular near the surface, has a gas-impermeable clay layer or foil or tarpaulin (for example also in case of contaminated sites) or another layer which is less or not gas-permeable. It has been found that the groove or grooves formed on the sleeve head according to the invention have an advantageous effect on the diffusion-induced transport of leakage gas up to the surface of a bottom cover layer. On the one hand, the gas diffusion can take place within the grooves with only slight diffusion resistance; on the other hand, the gas may advantageously relax within the grooves.

In a preferred mounting position, the sleeve head is located at the upper longitudinal end of the gas diffusion sleeve, so that the groove or grooves on the underside of the laterally projecting relative to the sleeve shaft region of the sleeve head. Preferably, the groove or each of the grooves is open at its front side with respect to the geometrical sleeve longitudinal center axis outer longitudinal end. At the thus far inner longitudinal end, the groove can either be closed on the front side (for example, by the wall of the sleeve shaft) or, for example, open into a passage opening leading through the wall of the sleeve shaft.

The gas diffusion sleeve according to the invention thus promotes gas detection on the surface of soils which contain at least one near-surface, low or non-gas-permeable layer, which are thus quasi sealed against gas diffusion (for example by means of asphalt).

Since the propagation is possible in deeper, gas-permeable soil layers, it is sufficient that a gas diffusion sleeve according to the invention has a shorter tube length compared to known olfactory tubes for a given tube coverage. As a result, the cost of materials and costs can be reduced compared to the prior art.

It has also been found that a gas diffusion sleeve according to the invention for this purpose may have a smaller diameter than known olfactory tubes, so that it is possible to reduce the cost of materials and the corresponding costs.

An advantage is also that the installation of gas diffusion sleeves according to the invention in a floor compared to the prior art is easier. For the known, in itself already consuming olfactory tubes are in addition Road caps needed. These must be set before the ground cover layer, in particular the upper asphalt layer of a roadway, can be applied.

In order to avoid a rapid development of damage, the upper asphalt layer in the prior art has to be densely compacted adjacent to the road caps, which causes additional costs. The subsequent installation of olfactory pipes and road caps requires, if at all possible, extensive construction measures and thus considerable time and expense. In contrast, inventive gas diffusion sleeves can be easily mounted, preferably by a hole through an already existing, still closed ground cover layer (for example, an asphalt layer) is introduced and then the sleeve shaft of the gas diffusion sleeve is inserted therein. The workflow is thus fundamentally changed and considerably simplified compared with the prior art, whereby time and costs can be saved. Another advantage is seen in the fact that this simple installation of gas supply companies with appropriate approval, even subsequently, for example, on lanes, can be made.

An additional advantage is that in the case of the gas diffusion sleeve according to the invention, the actual measurement of the gas concentration can no longer take place, as in the interior of olfactory tubes below the surface, for example, a roadway, but on the upper side of the outer surface (preferably on a road surface). The effort and cost of the measurements themselves are thus also reduced. This has an advantageous effect especially in regular, ie repeated checks of the gas measuring locations. The gas diffusion sleeves can remain in the ground and be used there as permanent measuring points.

The sleeve head can fulfill several functions. On the one hand, it represents a depth stop when inserted into a bore. In addition, it enables a day-water-tight design of the gas diffusion sleeve. In addition, it allows, depending on the design, a minimization of noise when driving over vehicles and a reduction, for example, the risk of tripping. On the other hand, if the sleeve head is impermeable to gas, the gas initially diffused upwards along the shaft sleeve must diffuse around the side of the sleeve head projecting laterally beyond the shaft sleeve in order to reach the surface of the bottom of the ground cover layer. It has been found that the groove or grooves favor this considerably. The upwardly diffusing gas is directed radially outward within the groove or grooves. At the outer edge of or a respective groove, the gas can again (depending on the installation situation) diffuse outwards or upwards and thus reaches after a short distance to the surface of the soil where the gas detection can take place. Said grooves may have an arbitrary shape in cross-section, for example a quadrangular or triangular or, for example, rounded in the groove bottom cross-sectional shape.

The invention may preferably be used on asphalt-covered roadways, predominantly in the inner city area, but is also suitable for other uses. The invention enables the better detection of gas odors or gas concentrations on the soil surface and thereby an improvement in safety. The invention also allows an identification of route characteristics of gas pipes. Compared to the conventional combination of olfactory tube and road cap can be improved by the invention, the road quality by eliminating the known "lid rattling" and account for bitumen outbreaks in the edge zone of the known caps. Storage costs can also be reduced compared with the prior art.

There are numerous possibilities for the preferred development of inventive gas diffusion sleeves. Thus, there is a possibility that the one groove or each of the grooves extends or extends in a respective direction extending radially to a geometric sleeve longitudinal central axis. In this respect one could also speak of radial grooves.

It is preferable that said surface has surface areas adjacent to the grooves that extend perpendicularly or substantially perpendicularly to the tube longitudinal direction.

There is the possibility that the said surface of the sleeve head extends continuously around the sleeve shaft along its circumference in the sleeve longitudinal direction projection view.

In a preferred embodiment, it is provided that the sleeve head has a frontally attached to the sleeve shaft cover, in particular as formed on the sleeve shank cover is formed, or has a frontally attached to the sleeve shank ring body, in particular as formed on the sleeve shank ring body is formed. When using a ring body this is preferably flattened in cross section.

It is preferred that the sleeve shaft has a round, in particular circular, or a polygonal, in particular quadrangular, tube, in particular as such a tube.

It is preferred that in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the sleeve cross-section of the outer edge of the sleeve head is continuous or at least partially followed by a circular line, wherein the sleeve head is arranged in particular concentric to the sleeve shaft.

It is preferably provided that in the groove cross-section the width of the one groove or each of the grooves is in the range of 2 to 5 millimeters and / or that the depth of the one groove or each of the grooves is in the range of 1 to 2.5 millimeters.

In a preferred embodiment, it is provided that the sleeve shaft has a wall through which numerous passage openings extend whose diameter is in the range of 2 to 6 millimeters, in particular through openings are formed, each of which opens into a respective groove. Preferably, passage openings are distributed along the circumference of the sleeve shaft and formed at least in a longitudinal section. Alternatively or in combination, there is the possibility that the sleeve shaft, starting from its other longitudinal end, that is, starting from the longitudinal end facing away from the sleeve head, is formed slotted in a longitudinal section or continuously. Both embodiments allow the diffusion-related passage of gas from the interior of the sleeve shaft to the outside (or vice versa), from where the further diffusion can take place upwards. The hollow interior of the sleeve shaft can thus also be used for upward gas diffusion.

In a preferred embodiment, it is provided that the sleeve head formed as a cover closes the hollow interior of the sleeve shaft at its longitudinal end adjacent the sleeve head or in the adjacent to the hollow interior portion has a through hole whose diameter is preferably in the range of 1 to 2 millimeters. This allows a direct passage of gas through the top of the gas diffusion sleeve and, in addition, in view of the small diameter of a day waterproof version.

In another embodiment, it is provided that the sleeve head formed as an annular body has a central opening, the inside diameter, smaller, in particular smaller by 10 to 20 percent smaller than the inside diameter, in particular as the diameter of the sleeve shank and in the a closure element, in particular releasably, is inserted or used, wherein the closure element is in particular elastically deformable. On the one hand, this enables a day-water-tight design; on the other hand, the closure element can be removed as required and the interior of the gas diffusion sleeve can be made accessible thereby.

There is the possibility that the central opening is bounded circularly and that the closure element widens conically from a first end face to a second end face, wherein the diameter of the central opening is greater than the diameter of the first end face and smaller than the diameter of the second end face. In each case, a round cross section is preferred. Preferably, the closure element may be a plug made of plastic or of another elastic material.

It is preferred that the sleeve head has on its side facing away from the sleeve shank side at its outer edge, in particular on its circumference, a chamfer or a rounding. This allows a reduction of rolling noise and a reduction in the risk of tripping.

There is the possibility that the sleeve head has a plurality of, in particular along its circumference uniformly spaced, through holes, with only some or all of these through holes each intersect a groove. The passage openings may preferably extend along or parallel to the sleeve longitudinal direction. You can preferably take over the function of diffusion openings, so in that the sleeve head can also be referred to as a flange or, in the case of a design which closes the hollow cross section of the sleeve shaft, as a blind flange.

There is the possibility that a barb or a plurality of barbs are formed on the sleeve shaft, wherein a respective barb extending from its one end connected to the sleeve shaft in the direction of the sleeve head to a free longitudinal end.

An expedient development is seen in that the sleeve head has at its outer edge a mark or more, spaced apart on the circumference of the outer edge markings, wherein a respective mark is formed in particular as a notch. A respective marking or notch may have the function of a directional arrow, in particular for the identification of the course of underground laid gas pipes. For example, the marker may also include information about the direction of a pressure gradient (or flow direction) and / or via lines branching at an intersection.

Preferably, the sheath shank may have an outer diameter in the range of 20 to 30 millimeters, for example 20 or 22 or 28 millimeters. This allows the introduction of matching holes in the ground by means commonly used in road construction, so anyway available, in particular impact drilling, drills. The wall thickness of the sleeve shaft may preferably be a few millimeters, for example in the range of 1 to 4 millimeters. The length of a gas diffusion sleeve may preferably be in the range of 180 to 300 millimeters, but may also be chosen smaller or larger. There is a possibility that the outer diameter of the sleeve head compared to the diameter of the sleeve shank is in the range of 2 to 3 times. With regard to the length of the sleeve shank, it is preferred that this be in the range of 6 to 10 times its outer diameter. The thickness of the sleeve head may preferably be in the range of 2 to 4.5 millimeters. However, it is understood that deviating from the foregoing information dimensions and proportions can be selected.

The invention also relates to a gas diffusion sleeve which has one or more of the features described above, characterized by a use for preparing the detection or in the detection of escaping from an underground gas line gas on the surface of a ground cover layer, in particular in conjunction with an application of individual or more of the method steps described below. For possible effects, advantages and possible developments, reference is made to the rest of the description.

The invention also includes a method for installing a gas diffusion sleeve, comprising the steps of: providing a gas diffusion sleeve according to one or more of the preceding claims, introducing a hole through a ground cover layer, in particular asphalt, mastic asphalt, concrete, pavement or the like, or from one or consists of several of these building materials, and in particular is a road surface, up to one or down to a deeper layer, which has a greater permeability to gas, in particular methane, compared to the ground cover layer, and inserting the sleeve shaft in the hole.

The method may also include providing the aforementioned soil cover layer on a substrate prior to making the bore.

The ground cover layer may be, for example, a top groundcover common in road construction. Preferably, a ground cover layer is envisioned that has a lower permeability to gas, eg, natural gas, or at least to the methane contained therein, as compared to one or more underlying soil layers. Preferably, in the undamaged state in the ground cover layer, a gas permeability is not present or so low that can be spoken of a nearly gas-tight soil layer.

Preferably, the hole can be made by impact drilling, that is preferably by means of a percussion drill. Depending on requirements, the diameter of the bore may correspond to the diameter of the sleeve shank or may be slightly larger or slightly smaller in comparison. The sleeve shaft can be introduced, for example, beating in the bore.

There is the possibility that the ground cover layer covers, for example, a further gas-tight or substantially gas-tight bottom layer as previously explained. Alternatively, the bottom cover layer may be applied directly to a bottom layer with higher or significantly higher gas permeability compared to it. Preferably, the ground cover layer alone or the ground cover layer may have a thickness in the range of 5 to 50 centimeters together with one or more further gas-tight or essentially gas-tight ground layers in the previously explained sense.

Preferably, this thickness may be tuned to the thickness of one or more underlying layers such that for a routed gas line, a pipe covering (this is the vertical distance between the center of the pipe section and the top surface of the ground cover layer) is in the range of 90 to 150 centimeters results. Preferably, the depth of the bore may be selected so that the bore extends only to a few centimeters below the lowermost layer of the soil that is only slightly or not permeable to gas. This also has the advantage that the hole does not have to be guided to the vicinity of the gas pipe and corresponding risks can be reduced.

Preferably, according to the inventive method, a plurality of gas diffusion sleeves spaced from each other, for example. Following the course of an underground pipeline, are introduced into the soil. Also, according to the method of the invention, gas diffusion sleeves can be arranged at prominent locations, such as above line intersections.

There are numerous other possibilities for advantageous development of the method. There is a possibility that the bore may be introduced into the ground cover layer at a location within an imaginary geometric circular cone whose apex lies within a subsurface gas line and extending from the apex of the cone with a cone angle of 60 degrees extends up to the surface of the ground cover layer. The cone angle corresponds to the opening angle of the cone, that is, in a guided through the longitudinal cone centerline cross-section of the angle between the two obliquely opposite conical surfaces.

The bore is preferably introduced into the ground cover layer at a location in the vicinity of which there are no other passage openings in the ground cover layer. This counteracts an undesired escape of gas at a location remote from the measuring point.

It is preferred that the gas diffusion sleeve is inserted so far into the bore until the sleeve head is seated with its underside surface, in which the groove or grooves is or are introduced, on the surface of the adjacent to the bore bottom cover layer.

Alternatively, it would be conceivable that concentric or substantially concentric to the bore a depression is introduced into the ground cover layer whose transverse to a normal of the ground surface oriented cross section corresponds to the transverse to the sleeve longitudinal direction oriented cross-section of the sleeve head or compared to slightly larger, and their Depth of the extension of the sleeve head in sleeve longitudinal direction corresponds to (or is slightly larger compared to). This allows the gas diffusion sleeve to be inserted into the bore so that the sleeve head is received in the recess.

The invention also encompasses a method for detecting gas emerging from a subterranean gas line, comprising the method for installing a gas diffusion sleeve according to one or more of the features described above, and comprising at least the following method steps: providing a measuring device for detecting gas, in particular natural gas or of at least one component of natural gas, measuring the concentration of the gas, in particular of natural gas, above the surface of the ground cover layer, in particular over the sleeve head and / or over the outer edge of the sleeve head. For example, it may be in the detected Gas is about methane. This is contained in natural gas, which is often transported in underground gas pipelines. In this respect, a measuring device suitable for measuring methane concentrations can be used. The detection of the gas methane thus allows the conclusion on the presence or the detection of natural gas, so that so that a detection of, for example, natural gas, which emerges from a gas line, is possible.

For measurement, therefore, no closure must be removed from the ground. However, if the gas diffusion sleeve has a closure element, it is possible to remove it and then to measure the gas concentration also inside the sleeve shaft.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1

eine im Stand der Technik bekannte Verwendung eines sog. Riechrohres mit einer Straßenkappe,

Fig. 2

exemplarisch eine unterhalb einer Fahrbahn im Boden verlegte Gasleitung,

Fig. 2a

die in Figur 2 gezeigte Situation nach dem Einbringen einer Bohrung,

Fig. 2b

exemplarisch eine erfindungsgemäße Gasdiffusionshülse gemäß einem ersten bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel, eingebaut in die Fahrbahn oberhalb der Gasleitung,

Fig. 3

eine Ausschnittvergrößerung gemäß Detail III aus Figur 2b,

Fig. 3a

die in Figur 3 gezeigte Anordnung, jedoch nach dem Eindrücken des Hülsenkopfes in die Fahrbahnoberfläche,

Fig. 4

eine Gasdiffusionshülse gemäß dem ersten, in den Figuren 2 und 3 gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel, jedoch in einer Seitenansicht und im Vergleich zu den Figuren 2b, 3 um 45 Grad gedreht,

Fig. 5

die in Figur 4 gezeigte Gasdiffusionshülse in einer in Hülsenlängsrichtung gerichteten Betrachtung, und zwar in Blickrichtung V gemäß Figur 4,

Fig. 6

die in Figur 4 gezeigte Gasdiffusionshülse in einer in Hülsenlängsrichtung gerichteten Betrachtung, und zwar in Blickrichtung VI gemäß Figur 4,

Fig. 7

einen Abschnitt der in den Figuren 2b bis 6 gezeigten Gasdiffusionshülse perspektivisch von schräg unten,

Fig. 8

die in den Figuren 2b bis 7 gezeigte Gasdiffusionshülse perspektivisch von schräg oben,

Fig. 9

eine erfindungsgemäße Gasdiffusionshülse gemäß einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel in einer Seitenansicht,

Fig. 10

die in Figur 9 gezeigte Gasdiffusionshülse perspektivisch von schräg oben,

Fig. 11

einen Abschnitt der in den Figuren 9,10 gezeigten Gasdiffusionshülse perspektivisch von schräg unten,

Fig. 12

eine im Vergleich zu Figur 9 vergrößerte Schnittansicht entlang Schnittebene XII - XII gemäß Figur 9,

Fig. 13

eine erfindungsgemäße Gasdiffusionshülse gemäß einem dritten bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel, perspektivisch von schräg oben mit entnommenen Verschlusselement,

Fig. 14

einen Abschnitt der in Figur 13 gezeigten Gasdiffusionshülse, perspektivisch von schräg unten,

Fig. 15

eine Seitenansicht der in den Figuren 13,14 gezeigten Gasdiffusionshülse,

Fig. 16

einen im Vergleich zu Figur 15 vergrößerten Teilschnitt der Gasdiffusionshülse entlang Schnittlinie XVI - XVI,

Fig. 17

perspektivisch eine Gasdiffusionshülse gemäß einem vierten Ausführungsbeispiel, perspektivisch von schräg oben,

Fig. 18

eine Gasdiffusionshülse gemäß einem fünften Ausführungsbeispiel, perspektivisch von schräg oben und durch einen Aufbruch verkürzt,

Fig. 19

eine Draufsicht auf die in Figur 18 gezeigte Gasdiffusionshülse in dortiger Blickrichtung 19, in Verbindung mit einem angedeuteten Verlauf einer Gasleitung,

Fig. 20

eine Gasdiffusionshülse gemäß einem sechsten Ausführungsbeispiel, perspektivisch von schräg oben und durch einen Aufbruch verkürzt, und

Fig. 21

eine Draufsicht auf die in Figur 20 gezeigte Gasdiffusionshülse in dortiger Blickrichtung XXI, in Verbindung mit einem angedeuteten Verlauf einer Gasleitungs-T-Kreuzung.

The prior art and the invention are described below with reference to the accompanying figures, wherein FIG. 1 to the prior art, a known application of a smelling tube with street cap and the remaining figures show preferred embodiments of the invention. In detail shows:

Fig. 1

a known in the art use of a so-called. Smell tube with a street cap,

Fig. 2

an example of a laid under a roadway in the ground gas pipeline,

Fig. 2a

in the FIG. 2 shown situation after the introduction of a hole,

Fig. 2b

an example of a gas diffusion sleeve according to the invention according to a first preferred embodiment, installed in the roadway above the gas line,

Fig. 3

a detail enlargement according to detail III FIG. 2b .

Fig. 3a

in the FIG. 3 shown arrangement, but after pressing the sleeve head in the road surface,

Fig. 4

a gas diffusion sleeve according to the first, in the Figures 2 and 3 shown embodiment, but in a side view and compared to the FIGS. 2b . 3 turned 45 degrees,

Fig. 5

in the FIG. 4 shown gas diffusion sleeve in a sleeve longitudinal direction viewing, in the direction V according to FIG. 4 .

Fig. 6

in the FIG. 4 shown gas diffusion sleeve in a sleeve longitudinal direction viewing, in the direction of VI according to FIG. 4 .

Fig. 7

a section of the in the FIGS. 2b to 6 shown gas diffusion sleeve in perspective obliquely from below,

Fig. 8

in the FIGS. 2b to 7 shown gas diffusion sleeve in perspective obliquely from above,

Fig. 9

a gas diffusion sleeve according to the invention according to a second embodiment in a side view,

Fig. 10

in the FIG. 9 shown gas diffusion sleeve in perspective obliquely from above,

Fig. 11

a section of the in the FIGS. 9, 10 shown gas diffusion sleeve in perspective obliquely from below,

Fig. 12

one compared to FIG. 9 enlarged sectional view along sectional plane XII - XII according to FIG. 9 .

Fig. 13

a gas diffusion sleeve according to the invention according to a third preferred embodiment, in perspective obliquely from above with removed closure element,

Fig. 14

a section of in FIG. 13 shown gas diffusion sleeve, in perspective from diagonally below,

Fig. 15

a side view of the in the Figures 13,14 shown gas diffusion sleeve,

Fig. 16

one compared to FIG. 15 enlarged partial section of the gas diffusion sleeve along section line XVI - XVI,

Fig. 17

in perspective, a gas diffusion sleeve according to a fourth embodiment, in perspective obliquely from above,

Fig. 18

a gas diffusion sleeve according to a fifth embodiment, in perspective from obliquely above and shortened by a departure,

Fig. 19

a top view of the in FIG. 18 shown gas diffusion sleeve in there viewing direction 19, in conjunction with an indicated course of a gas line,

Fig. 20

a gas diffusion sleeve according to a sixth embodiment, in perspective shortened from obliquely above and by a departure, and

Fig. 21

a top view of the in FIG. 20 shown gas diffusion sleeve in the direction of view XXI, in conjunction with an indicated course of a gas line T-junction.

Description of the drawings

FIG. 1 shows a trench profile known from the prior art arrangement, which in conjunction with in FIG. 1 not shown measuring devices for detecting from an underground gas line 1 'effluent gas 2' can serve. In the example, the gas line 1 'extends in a layer 3' of sand. Above this there is a layer 4 'made of RC filler, above a layer 5' of mineral mixture, above a bituminous base layer 6 'and above a layer 7' of mastic asphalt, the surface 8 'of the soil, in the example, the surface of the eighth 'forms a road. When laying the gas line 1 'was slightly above an olfactory hood 9' arranged at the top of a vertically upwardly leading olfactory tube 10 'is attached. In the olfactory hood 9 'is an opening through which gas escaping from the gas line 1' after penetrating a thin layer of sand into the interior of the olfactory tube 10 'and therein, depending on the gas, can ascend. When installed, the layers 3 'to 5' were arranged around the olfactory tube 10 '. Prior to the application of the bituminous base layer 6 'and the layer 7' of mastic asphalt, a street cap 11 'was set, the top side of a removable Cover 12 'has. The olfactory tube 10 'extends with its upper end into the interior of the road cap 11'. After setting the road cap 11 ', the bituminous base layer 6' and the layer 7 'of mastic asphalt were applied and compacted in the edge area adjacent to the road cap 11'. The preparation of this known arrangement is complicated and expensive. In order to detect escaping gas from any leaks in the gas line 1 ', the cover 12' is removed in such arrangements, so that a (in FIG. 1 not shown) measuring device inside the olfactory tube 10 'can be lowered for the measurement. The gas measurement is therefore complicated and expensive.

With reference to the Figures 2 . 2a and 2 B a gas diffusion sleeve 15 according to the invention according to a preferred embodiment and the use of a method according to the invention for their installation are described by way of example. The selected in the example gas diffusion sleeve 15 is in the FIGS. 3 to 8 shown closer. FIG. 2 shows a detail of a bottom cross-section of a running below a closed lane 13 gas line 1, within which natural gas is transported in the example. In the natural gas methane is included, which is referred to below as gas with the reference numeral 2. The gas line 1 is located in a layer 3 of sand, which may have, for example, a grain size of 0 to 2 millimeters. Above this there is a layer 4 of RC filling material which, for example, may have a grain size of 0 to 56 millimeters. Above that is a layer 5 of mineral mixture with a grain size of, for example, 1 to 45 mm. The layers 3, 4 and 5 have a comparatively high gas permeability due to their grain size. The layer 5 is covered by a bituminous base layer 6, over which a likewise closed layer 7 of mastic asphalt was applied. The latter forms the surface 8 of the roadway 13. The bituminous base layer 6 and the layer 7 have such a low gas permeability that the underlying Layers 3 to 5 are sealed by them gas-impermeable upwards. In the example, ie not necessary, the bituminous base layer and the layer 7 may together have a thickness a of 5 to 50 cm, while the so-called pipe covering b, which is measured from the center of the gas pipe 1 to the surface 8, For example, 90 to 150 cm can be. It is understood that other layer thicknesses are possible and that the layers can also be formed from other materials. When gas leakage occurs at a leak of the gas pipe 1, the gas 2 may diffuse through the layers 3, 4 and 5. When, as with methane contained in natural gas, it is lighter gas than air, diffusion also has an upward component of movement. The contour 14, 14 'schematically indicates a possible gas propagation region in the gas-permeable layers 3 to 5. Below the gas-impermeable layer 6, upwardly diffusing gas 2 accumulates.

FIG. 2a shows by way of example an intermediate step in the practice of the inventive method for installing the gas diffusion sleeve 15. For this purpose, by means of a conventional, therefore in FIG. 2a not starting with the impact drill from the surface 8, a bore 16 down through the layer 7 of mastic asphalt and the bituminous base layer 6 introduced. In the example, the layer 7 of mastic asphalt is also referred to as bottom cover layer 17. In the example, the bore 16 extends downwardly into the layer 5 of mineral mixture. In FIG. 2a is an imaginary geometric circular cone 18 registered. Its tip lies on the center line of the gas line 1. The on the in FIG. 2a shown cone angle α is 60 degrees. The circular cone 18 thus extends from its tip in the cone angle α rotationally symmetrical up to the surface 8 of the roadway 13th FIG. 2a illustrates that the location where the bore 16 has been introduced, located within the circular cone 18.

FIG. 2b shows an exemplary state resulting after execution of a further method step of the method according to the invention. Starting from the in FIG. 2a a gas diffusion sleeve 15 has been provided, which has a sleeve shaft 19 with a sleeve head 20 attached thereto and which extends along a sleeve longitudinal direction L. Perpendicular to the sleeve longitudinal direction L, the sleeve head 20 has a larger cross-section than the sleeve shaft 19th FIG. 2b shows that the gas diffusion sleeve 15 was inserted with its sleeve shaft 19 from above into the bore 16 until the sleeve head 20 is seated on the surface 8 of the roadway 13. The length of the gas diffusion sleeve 15 is chosen so that it extends through the layer 7 and the bituminous base layer 6 through into the layer 5 inside. In the example, the diameter of the bore 16 was selected to be slightly smaller than the outer diameter of the sleeve shank 19 and the sleeve shank 19 was inserted into the bore 16 from above in a hammering manner.

FIG. 3 shows an enlargement of section III in FIG. 2b , Therein symbolically indicated that diffusing from bottom to top gas 2 diffused both in the hollow interior of the sleeve shaft 19, and along the outside of the sleeve shaft 19, diffused by formed on the underside of the sleeve head 20, radially extending grooves 21 to the outside and reaches the surface 8. In the example, a passage opening 23 is centrally located in the sleeve head 20 in the form of a cover 22, through which gas 2 ascending in the hollow interior of the sleeve shaft 19 can escape upwards. In the example, spaced apart from the sleeve head 20 on the sleeve shank 19, there are four recessed barbs 24 disposed about its circumference, each extending from its one longitudinal end connected to the sleeve shank 19 toward the sleeve head 20 to a free longitudinal end. In the example, the barbs 24 are thereby formed, that in the wall of the sleeve shank 19 each have a U-shaped slot is introduced, whose ends are directed away from the sleeve head 20, and that the free longitudinal ends of the tongues formed in this way are bent radially outwardly. After insertion of the sleeve shaft 19 in the bore 16, the barbs 24 are elastically outward and complicate or prevent accidental withdrawal of the sleeve shaft 19 from the bore 16. Advantageously, the openings formed on barbs 24 fulfill the function that they have an outlet from to allow upwardly diffusing gas 2 from the interior of the sleeve shaft 19 to the outside (and vice versa). In the example shown, gas 2 passes on the one hand through the hollow interior of the sleeve shaft 19 and on the other hand between the outer surface of the sleeve shaft 19 and the surrounding layers upwards and then in the manner already described to the surface 8. At and / or above the surface 8 can By means of a measuring device not shown in the figures, a measurement of the gas concentration of the gas 2, for example, the concentration of (contained in natural gas) methane done. Starting from the in FIG. 3 shown state may occur after repeated driving over the sleeve head 20 with cars or the like that the gas diffusion sleeve 15 is pressed slightly deeper into the ground, as exemplified in FIG. 3a is shown. Even in this state, the grooves 21 facilitate the gas diffusion to the outer edge of the sleeve head 20, from where the gas 2 can be diffused through the joint between the sleeve head 20 and the layer 7 to the surface 8 and detected there.

In the FIGS. 4 to 8 is the one in the FIGS. 2b and 3 selected gas diffusion sleeve 15 shown in more detail. The sleeve head 20 in the example is a plate-shaped cover 22 with a circular outer edge 25 and with the already mentioned, central passage opening 23. The sleeve head is attached to one longitudinal end 26 of the sleeve shaft 19, in the example by means of a welded joint 27. The sleeve head forms a surface 28, which is in the plane of FIG. 5 and thus also in a projection direction directed in the longitudinal direction L of the sleeve, ie in an imaginary projection of the contours of the gas diffusion sleeve 15 on a viewing plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the sleeve L, outside the longitudinal end 26 of the sleeve shaft 19. FIG. 4 shows that the surface 28 faces the other longitudinal end 29 of the sleeve shaft 19. How special the Figures 5 and 7 illustrate, four grooves 21 are introduced into the surface 28 in the example. Each groove 21 extends from the outer edge 30 of the surface 28 in the direction of the sleeve shank 19. The grooves 21 are open on the outer edge 25 frontally. In the example shown, each groove 21 extends inwardly to the outside of the sleeve shank 19, so that the weld joint 27 is interrupted at each mouth of a groove 21. However, it is understood that this is not necessary, but that, for example, would also be possible that the grooves 21 extend only to a continuous at the perimeter weld. In the example, the sleeve shaft 19 is a circular cross-section tube 31. The outer edge 25 of the sleeve head 20, which in the example contour coincides with the outer edge 30, extends as the cross section of the tube 31 concentric with the sleeve longitudinal center axis M. In the drawing plane of FIG. 5 is, as in a longitudinal direction oriented L projection view, so as in an imaginary projection of the contours of the gas diffusion sleeve 15 to a longitudinal direction to the longitudinal direction L longitudinal viewing plane, visible that the surface 28 is annular outside of the adjacent the sleeve head 20 longitudinal end 26 of the sleeve shaft 19 extends. In the area of the grooves 21, the surface 28 is recessed. In the example, these are grooves which are rounded in cross-section in the groove base (cf., for example, FIG FIG. 4 ). With respect to the sleeve longitudinal center axis M, the grooves 21 extend in the radial direction. The surface 28 includes four surface areas 32, one each Surface region 32 extends in the circumferential direction between two adjacent grooves 21. Each surface area 32 extends in the example perpendicular to the sleeve longitudinal direction L. The illustration in the figures is not to scale. In the example, it is provided that the depth of each groove 21 emanating from the surface 28 is, for example, 2 millimeters, and that the width of the grooves 21 perpendicular thereto in the groove cross-section is, for example, 4 millimeters. The sleeve head 20 has on its side remote from the sleeve shaft 19 side, which in the in FIG. 3 shown mounting position upwards, at its outer edge 25 on its circumference circumferentially a chamfer 33. In the in FIG. 3 shown application example, the sleeve head 20 sits after the installation of the gas diffusion sleeve 15 initially on the surface 8 of the lane 13. In this arrangement, noise can be reduced by the chamfer 33 when driving over the gas diffusion sleeve 15, in particular by car tires, and the risk of tripping pedestrians can be reduced. Depending on the design, in particular the bottom cover layer 17, the gas diffusion sleeve 15 may "come in" over time, so that finally the surface 34 lying opposite the lower surface 28 is flush or in a plane with the surface 8. This is in FIG. 3a shown.

In FIG. 8 is additionally indicated schematically that you could modify the embodiment in that in the cover 22 four, for example. Parallel to the sleeve longitudinal center axis M extending through holes 48 are formed, each of which has a through hole 48 each a groove 21 intersects.

The FIGS. 9 to 12 show a gas diffusion sleeve 15 according to the invention according to a second preferred embodiment. Therein, as with the following figures, features comparable to the first exemplary embodiment are marked with the same reference numerals for a better overview. Notwithstanding the first embodiment extend through the wall 35 of the sleeve shaft 19 in the radial direction numerous through holes 36 whose diameter is 2 millimeters in the example. The through-holes 36 extend in a longitudinal portion of the sleeve shaft 19 adjacent the sleeve head 20, in the example up to about half of its length. The through-holes 36 allow the upwardly diffusing gas 2 in the hollow interior of the sleeve shaft 19 to diffuse outward through the through-openings 36 and diffuse there further up to the sleeve head 20, in particular along the outer surface of the sleeve shaft 19. There incoming gas can be distributed below the sleeve head 20 along the surface 28 and enters the grooves 21, in which it can relax and diffuse radially outward to the outer edge 25. When the sleeve head 20 is seated on a surface 8 of a bottom cover layer 17, the gas can escape directly from the radially outer end opening of the grooves 21 into the environment where it can be detected by means of a measuring device. If the free end surface 34 of the gas diffusion sleeve 15 is in a common plane with the surface 8, the gas present at the radially outer longitudinal end of the grooves 21 from there through a gap between the sleeve head 20 and the adjacent bottom layer, for example Mastic asphalt, diffuse upwards into the environment. In the embodiment of FIGS. 9 to 12 the lid 22 is closed on the front side, ie has no passage opening 23 extending along the longitudinal direction of the tube L.

The FIGS. 13 to 16 relate to a third embodiment of a gas diffusion sleeve 15 according to the invention. The sleeve head 20 is not formed there as a lid, but as an annular body 37 and welded to the sleeve shaft 19 concentric arrangement at one longitudinal end 26. In In the example of the ring body 37 was attached to the local front side of the sleeve shaft 19 and attached thereto by means of the welded joint 27. The annular body 37 has a central opening 38. In this, a closure element 39 are releasably sealingly inserted. In the example, it is a plug made of plastic, whose outer contour 40 widens slightly conically from a first circular end face 41 to a second circular end face 42. The diameters of the end faces 41, 42 are matched to the diameter of the center opening 38, that, as FIG. 16 illustrated, the closure member 39 can insert with slight elastic deformation through the central opening 38 in the hollow interior of the gas diffusion sleeve 15, wherein the elastic deformation causes a sealing effecting adhesion. In the example, in the wall 35 of the sleeve shaft 19, two mutually circumferentially opposed bores 43 are introduced, into which a locking pin 44 extending diametrically through the hollow interior of the sleeve shaft 19 is pressed in captively. The locking pin 44 limits the insertion depth of the closure element 39, so that its upper end face 45 lies in a plane with the frontal surface 34 of the sleeve head 20.

A fourth embodiment of a gas diffusion sleeve 15 according to the invention is shown in FIG FIG. 17 shown. Notwithstanding the preceding embodiments, the sleeve shank 19 is formed there from a tube 31 which is quadrangular in cross section.

The FIGS. 18 and 19 show a gas diffusion sleeve 15 according to the invention according to a fifth embodiment. Notwithstanding the example. First embodiment, the sleeve head 20 has at its outer edge 25 two markings 46, which are diametrically opposed to each other on the circumference. In the example, ie not necessary, each of the marks 46 is a notch educated. As FIG. 19 1, the gas diffusion sleeve 15 is installed in the ground with respect to an underlying gas pipe 1 so that its sleeve longitudinal center axis M either intersects or passes close to the longitudinal central axis X of the gas pipe 1 and an imaginary connecting line between the tips of the notches 46 is parallel to the pipe groove geometric longitudinal center axis X of the gas line 1 extends. The markings 46 thereby designate the position and the course of an underground gas line 1. In addition, as in FIG. 19 For example, on the surface 34, an inscription such as "gas" and "HD" may be applied, where HD denotes a high pressure line.

The FIGS. 20, 21 show a somewhat modified sixth embodiment of a gas diffusion sleeve 15 according to the invention in the example. In the example, three markings 46 on the edge 25 of the sleeve head 20, each formed as a notch. To the two already in the example of Figures 18,19 existing marks 46 has been added a third mark, which is spaced from the other two marks on the circumference by 90 degrees. FIG. 21 illustrates that the gas diffusion sleeve 15 above a subsurface gas line 1, from which a line 47 branches, can be installed so that the two circumferentially opposite marks 46 mark the direction of the gas line 1, while the added third mark 46 in the direction of Line 47 shows. In the example, it is a low-pressure line, which is indicated by the label ND.

The above explanations serve to explain the inventions as a whole, which further develop the state of the art independently, at least by the following feature combinations, namely:

A gas diffusion sleeve 15, in particular for a ground cover layer 17, which in particular comprises asphalt, mastic asphalt, concrete, paving or the like, penetrating assembly, wherein the gas diffusion sleeve 15 has a sleeve head 20 and a sleeve shank 19 extending along a sleeve longitudinal direction L,
wherein the sleeve head 20 attached to a longitudinal end 26 of the sleeve shaft 19, in particular welded, and
has at least one surface 28 which, in the case of a projection view directed in the longitudinal direction L of the sleeve, extends outside said one longitudinal end 26 of the sleeve shaft 19 and faces the other longitudinal end 29 of the sleeve shaft 19,
wherein in said surface 28, a groove 21 is inserted or a plurality of grooves 21 are introduced and
wherein the one groove 21 or each of the grooves 21 directed from the outer edge 30 of this surface 28 to the sleeve shaft 19, in particular to the outside of the sleeve shaft 19, extends or extend.

A gas diffusion sleeve 15, characterized in that the one groove 21 or each of the grooves 21 extend or extend in a respective direction extending radially to a geometric sleeve longitudinal center axis M.

A gas diffusion sleeve 15, characterized in that said surface 28 has surface regions 32 adjacent to the grooves 21, which extend perpendicularly or substantially perpendicularly to the tube longitudinal direction L.

A gas diffusion sleeve 15 characterized in that said surface 28 of the sleeve head 20 is in the longitudinal direction of the sleeve L directed projection view around the sleeve shaft 19 along its circumference extends continuously.

A gas diffusion sleeve 15, which is characterized in that the sleeve head 20 has a frontally attached to the sleeve shaft cover 22 or a, in particular the front side, attached to the sleeve shaft 19 annular body 37 has.

A gas diffusion sleeve 15, which is characterized in that the sleeve shaft 19 has a round, in particular circular, or a polygonal, in particular square, tube 31.

A gas diffusion sleeve 15 which is characterized in that, in a cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the sleeve, the outer edge 25 of the sleeve head 20 is continuous or at least partially followed by a circular line, wherein the sleeve head 20 is arranged in particular concentrically to the sleeve shaft 19.

Gas diffusion sleeve 15 according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the width of the one groove 21 or each of the grooves 21 in the range of 2 to 5 millimeters and / or that the depth of a groove 21 or each of the grooves 21 in the range from 1 to 2.5 millimeters.

A gas diffusion sleeve 15, which is characterized in that the sleeve shaft 19 has a wall 35 through which a plurality of through holes 36 extend whose diameter is in the range of 2 to 6 millimeters, wherein in particular through holes are formed, each in a respective groove 21st lead.

A gas diffusion sleeve 15, which is characterized in that the sleeve head 20 designed as a cover 22 closes the hollow interior of the sleeve shaft 19 at its sleeve end 20 adjacent longitudinal end 26 or in the adjoining the hollow interior portion has a through hole 23 whose diameter preferably in Range of 1 to 2 millimeters.

A gas diffusion sleeve 15, which is characterized in that the sleeve head 20 designed as a ring body 37 has a center opening 38 whose inside width is smaller, in particular 10 to 20 percent smaller than the inside diameter of the sleeve shaft 19 and into which a closure element 39, in particular detachable, is used or can be used, wherein the closure element 39 is in particular elastically deformable.

A gas diffusion sleeve 15, which is characterized in that the center opening 38 is bounded circular and that the closure element 39 widens conically from a first end face 41 to a second end face 42, wherein the diameter of the central opening 38 is greater than the diameter of the first end face 41 and is smaller than the diameter of the second end face 42.

A gas diffusion sleeve 15, which is characterized in that the sleeve head 20 on its side facing away from the sleeve shaft 19 at its outer edge 25, in particular on its circumference circumferentially, a chamfer 33 or a rounding.

A gas diffusion sleeve 15, which is characterized in that the sleeve head 20 more evenly, in particular along its circumference spaced-apart, through-openings, wherein only some or all of these passage openings each intersect a groove 21.

A gas diffusion sleeve 15 characterized in that a barb 24 or a plurality of barbs 24 are formed on the sleeve shaft 19, with a respective barb 24 extending from its one end connected to the sleeve shaft 19 towards the sleeve head 20 to a free longitudinal end extends.

A gas diffusion sleeve 15, which is characterized in that the sleeve head 20 at its outer edge 25 has a marking 46 or more, on the circumference of the outer edge 25 spaced apart markings 46, wherein a respective mark 46 is formed in particular as a notch.

A gas diffusion sleeve 15, characterized by a use for preparing the detection or in the detection of emerging from an underground gas pipe 1 gas on the surface 8 of a ground cover layer 17th

• Bereitstellen einer Gasdiffusionshülse 15, insbesondere gemäß einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 16,
• Einbringen einer Bohrung 16 durch eine Bodendeckschicht 17, die insbesondere Asphalt, Gussasphalt, Beton, Pflaster oder dergleichen aufweist oder die aus einem oder mehreren dieser Baustoffe besteht, und bei der es sich insbesondere um eine Straßendecke handelt, bis zu einer oder bis in eine tiefer liegende Schicht 3, 4, 5, die eine im Vergleich zu der Bodendeckschicht 17 größere Durchlässigkeit für Gas, insbesondere für Methan, besitzt, und
• Einstecken des Hülsenschafts 19 in die Bohrung 16.

A method for installing a gas diffusion sleeve 15, comprising the method steps:

• Provision of a gas diffusion sleeve 15, in particular according to one or more of claims 1 to 16,
• Introduction of a bore 16 through a ground cover layer 17, in particular asphalt, mastic asphalt, concrete, pavement or the like, or which consists of one or more of these materials, and which is in particular a road surface, up to one or deep into one lying layer 3, 4, 5, a larger compared to the ground cover layer 17 Permeability to gas, especially for methane, has, and
• Inserting the sleeve shaft 19 in the bore 16th

A method, characterized in that the bore 16 is introduced at a location in the ground cover layer 17, which is located within an imaginary geometric circular cone 18, the apex of which lies within a subterranean gas pipe 1 and extending from the apex with a on the cone cross-section related cone angle α of 60 degrees up to the surface 8 of the ground cover layer 17 extends.

A method which is characterized in that the gas diffusion sleeve 15 is inserted into the bore 16 until the sleeve head 20 with its underside surface 28, in which the groove 21 or the grooves 21 is or are introduced, on the surface eighth the adjacent to the bore 16 ground cover layer 17 is seated.

• Bereitstellen eines Messgerätes zur Detektion von Gas, insbesondere von Erdgas oder von zumindest einem Bestandteil von Erdgas,
• Messen der Konzentration des Gases, insbesondere von Erdgas oder des Bestandteils von Erdgas, oberhalb der Oberfläche 8 der Bodendeckschicht 17, insbesondere über dem Hülsenkopf 20 und/oder über dem Außenrand 25 des Hülsenkopfes 20.

A method for detecting gas emerging from an underground gas line 1, comprising a method for installing a gas diffusion sleeve 15, in particular according to one or more of claims 18 to 20, and comprising at least the following method steps:

• Providing a measuring device for detecting gas, in particular natural gas or at least one constituent of natural gas,
• Measuring the concentration of the gas, in particular natural gas or the component of natural gas, above the surface 8 of the ground cover layer 17, in particular over the sleeve head 20 and / or over the outer edge 25 of the sleeve head 20th

All disclosed features are essential to the invention (individually, but also in combination with one another). The disclosure of the associated / attached priority documents (copy of the prior application) is hereby also incorporated in full in the disclosure of the application, also for the purpose of including features of these documents in claims of the present application. The subclaims characterize with their features independent inventive developments of the prior art, in particular to make on the basis of these claims divisional applications. <b><u> List of Reference Numbers </ u></b> 1 gas pipe 21 groove 1' gas pipe 22 cover 2 gas 23 Through opening 2 ' gas 24 barb 3 layer 25 outer edge 3 ' layer 26 longitudinal end 4 layer 27 welded joint 4 ' layer 28 surface 5 layer 29 longitudinal end 5 ' layer 30 edge 6 Bituminous base course 31 pipe 6 ' Bituminous base course 32 surface area 7 layer 33 chamfer 7 ' layer 34 surface 8th surface 35 wall 8th' surface 36 Through opening 9 ' smelling hood 37 ring body 10 ' smelling tube 38 center opening 11 ' Surface box 39 closure element 12 ' cover 40 outer contour 13 roadway 41 face 14 Gas propagation area 42 face 15 Gas diffusion sleeve 43 drilling 16 drilling 44 locking pin 17 floor covering layer 45 face 18 circular cone 46 mark 19 sleeve shank 47 management 20 sleeve head 48 Through Hole α cone angle a Thickness of layers 6 + 7 b tube cover L Sleeve longitudinally M Sleeve longitudinal central axis X Longitudinal central axis of the gas line

Claims (15)

Gas diffusion sleeve (15), in particular for a ground cover layer (17), which in particular comprises asphalt, mastic asphalt, concrete, paving or the like, penetrating assembly, wherein the gas diffusion sleeve (15) has a sleeve head (20) and along a sleeve longitudinal direction (L) having extending sleeve shank (19),
wherein the sleeve head (20) at a longitudinal end (26) of the sleeve shaft (19) attached, in particular welded, and
at least one surface (28) extending outside the said one longitudinal end (26) of the bushing shank (19) in a longitudinal direction (L), and facing the other longitudinal end (29) of the sheath shank (19),
wherein in said surface (28) has a groove (21) is introduced or a plurality of grooves (21) are introduced and
wherein the one groove (21) or each of the grooves (21) extends from the outer edge (30) of this surface (28) directed to the sleeve shaft (19), in particular to the outside of the sleeve shaft (19) extends or extend. A gas diffusion sleeve (15) according to claim 1, characterized in that the one groove (21) or each of the grooves (21) extend or extend in a respective direction radially to a geometric sleeve longitudinal central axis (M) and / or
in that said surface (28) has surface regions (32) adjacent to the grooves (21) which extend perpendicularly or substantially perpendicularly to the tube longitudinal direction (L). A gas diffusion sleeve (15) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that said surface (28) of the sleeve head (20) extends continuously around the sleeve shaft (19) along its circumference in the longitudinal direction (L) of the projection view. Gas diffusion sleeve (15) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sleeve head (20) has a frontally attached to the sleeve shaft cover (22) or a, in particular the front side, on the sleeve shaft (19) fixed annular body (37) and or
in that the sleeve head (20) has a chamfer (33) or a rounding on its outer edge (25), in particular on its periphery, on its side facing away from the sleeve shank (19), and / or that the sleeve head (20) has several, in particular having uniformly spaced apart through openings along its circumference, wherein only some or all of these passage openings each intersect a groove (21) and / or
in that the sleeve head (20) has at its outer edge (25) a mark (46) or a plurality of markings (46) spaced apart from each other on the circumference of the outer edge (25), wherein a respective mark (46) is designed in particular as a notch. Gas diffusion sleeve (15) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sleeve shaft (19) has a round, in particular circular, or a polygonal, in particular quadrangular, tube (31) and / or
in that the sleeve shaft (19) has a wall (35) through which a plurality of passage openings (36) extend whose diameter is in the range from 2 to 6 millimeters, in particular passage openings are formed, each opening into a respective groove 21 and / or that on the sleeve shaft (19) a barb (24) or more barbs (24) are formed, wherein a respective barb (24) extends from its one end connected to the sleeve shank (19) towards the sleeve head (20) to a free longitudinal end. Gas diffusion sleeve (15) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the sleeve cross section of the outer edge (25) of the sleeve head (20) continuously or at least partially followed by a circular line, the sleeve head (20) in particular concentric to the sleeve shaft (19) is arranged. Gas diffusion sleeve (15) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the width of the one groove (21) or each of the grooves (21) in the range of 2 to 5 millimeters and / or that the depth of a groove (21 ) or each of the grooves (21) is in the range of 1 to 2.5 millimeters. Gas diffusion tube (15) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in the gas diffusion tube (15) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that as a cover (22) formed sleeve head (20), the hollow interior of the sleeve shank (19) closes at its longitudinal end (26) adjacent to the sleeve head (20) or has a passage opening (23) in the section adjoining the hollow interior, the diameter of which is preferably in the range of 1 to 2 millimeters. Gas diffusion sleeve (15) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the annular body (37) formed sleeve head (20) has a central opening (38) whose inside diameter is smaller, in particular by 10 to 20 percent smaller than the light Width of the sleeve shaft (19) and in which a closure element (39), in particular releasably, is inserted or used, wherein the closure element (39) is in particular elastically deformable. Gas diffusion sleeve (15) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the central opening (38) is bounded circular and that the closure element (39) from a first end face (41) to a second end face (42) widens conically, wherein the diameter of the central opening (38) is greater than the diameter of the first end face (41) and smaller than the diameter of the second end face (42). Gas diffusion sleeve (15) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized by a use for preparing the detection or in the detection of emerging from an underground gas line (1) gas on the surface (8) of a ground cover layer (17). Method for installing a gas diffusion sleeve (15), comprising the method steps: Providing a gas diffusion sleeve (15) according to one or more of the preceding claims, Introducing a bore (16) through a ground cover layer (17), which in particular comprises asphalt, mastic asphalt, concrete, paving or the like or consisting of one or more of these building materials, which is in particular a road surface, down to or into a deeper layer (3, 4, 5) which is larger in comparison to the ground cover layer (17) Permeability to gas, especially for methane, has, and Inserting the sleeve shaft (19) into the bore (16). A method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the bore (16) is introduced into the ground cover layer (17) at a location within an imaginary circular geometric cone (18) whose apex lies within a subsurface gas line (1) and extending from the apex of the cone, with a cone angle (a) related to the cone cross-section, of 60 degrees up to the surface (8) of the ground cover layer (17) and / or
that the gas diffusion sleeve (15) is inserted into the bore (16) until the sleeve head (20) with its underside surface (28) into which the groove (21) or the grooves (21) is inserted, on the surface (8) of the bore (16) adjacent bottom cover layer (17) is seated. Method for detecting gas (2) emerging from an underground gas line (1), comprising the method for installing a gas diffusion sleeve (15) according to one or more of the preceding claims and comprising at least the following method steps: Providing a measuring device for detecting gas (2), in particular natural gas or at least one constituent of natural gas, Measuring the concentration of the gas, in particular natural gas or the component of natural gas, above the surface (8) of the ground cover layer (17), in particular over the sleeve head (20) and / or over the outer edge (25) of the sleeve head (20). A gas diffusion sleeve (15), method for installing a gas diffusion sleeve (15), and method for detecting gas emerging from an underground gas conduit, characterized by one or more of the characterizing features of any one of the preceding claims.

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