EP3093050B1 - Safety device - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a belay device comprising a braking device and a blocking device.

Over the past decade, climbing has become a popular sport, with climbing and safety techniques being increasingly taught by climbers without expert guidance. This leads to incorrect operation of the safety equipment and resulting serious injuries to the climbers, especially in emergency situations. The safety equipment can also be operated incorrectly by an experienced climber in a panic situation or in the event of loss of consciousness with the same consequences.

In this context, securing with a half-mast throw and securing with a figure-eight rope has proven to be particularly prone to errors. Especially with inexperienced climbers, it often happens that a finger is drawn into the safety knot or under the safety rope and if the belayer then releases the safety rope, the rope can slide through the belay device at high speed, so that the climber is at high risk of injury is exposed. Especially with the figure-eight abseil there is the possibility that the rope is threaded through the large opening of the figure-eight abseil, but is not placed around the web of the figure-eight abseil, but is hooked into the safety carabiner, which considerably reduces the braking performance of the arrangement, but at first it does Appeared as if the rope had been properly inserted into the belay device.

In order to counteract the problem of incorrect insertion and incorrect operation, a large number of friction-based securing devices, so-called tubers, are used, for example, in the USD 466794S have been developed, in which pulling on the safety cable increases the braking effect of the safety device. Many of these Tuber are symmetrical, so that they provide the desired rope braking regardless of the choice of a rope end as a safety end. In addition, pulling on both ends of the rope protruding from the tuber allows a simple and safe check whether the rope is correctly inserted in the belay device. However, such tubers still have the problem that releasing the safety rope can lead to a very high speed of the rope through the belay device.

Belay devices are also known, in which, such as in the DE 69 001 596 T2 shown, the rope runs through a clamping device actuated by a lever, the rope can be released by the belayer via the lever position. However, if the lever is held by the belayer in the position in which he can give the climbing rope, and if the lever falls while the lever position is maintained, the climber can also be injured when securing with such a device, even if the rope passage is released when the lever is released would have been blocked. When using the belay device DE 69 001 596 T2 the belayer must use his hands asynchronously to operate the belay device correctly: while one hand is responsible for giving or pulling in rope, the other hand is responsible for operating the lever. In frightening situations, however, many belayer tend to perform at least a similar, thus synchronous movement with both hands. If the climber falls into the rope, a frequent and, in the case of tuberos, also useful reflex of the belayer is pulling on the free end of the belay rope, whereby the pulling can also be done synchronously with both hands. The belayer pulls the belay device DE 69 001 596 T2 in such a situation on the safety rope and at the same time moving the hand on the lever downwards, which would correspond to a synchronous movement of both hands, it can happen that the lever of the blocking upper position is pulled by the downward movement of the hand in an intermediate position, whereby the blocking of the rope in the belay device is released. As a result, the climber can drop an unintentionally long distance or the weight of the climber can pull the hand of the belayer, which is holding on to the free end of the rope, into the belay device and injure it.

Furthermore, from the registrations WO 2010/121698 and WO 2010/1221699 A1 Centrifugal clutches for use in belay devices are known in principle.

FR 2 149 047 A5 discloses a belay device comprising a blocking device with a movable rope receiving element, which is set up to be moved by a rope received thereon, the blocking device being set up to block a movement of the rope receiving element in a blocking state, the blocking device in the event of a securing in the Blocked state passes.

The present invention has been made in view of the problems described above, and has as an object to provide a security device which increases safety in handling.

According to the present invention, the present object is achieved by a belay device comprising a blocking device, the blocking device comprising a movable cable receiving element which is set up to be moved by a cable received thereon, the blocking device being set up in a blocking state To block the movement of the cable receiving element and to allow the movement of the cable receiving element in a freewheeling state, the blocking device changing from the freewheeling state to the blocking state in a backup case, the blocking device further comprising a control element, the actuation of which in the blocked state causes the transition of the blocking device to the freewheeling state, characterized in that as soon as the fuse is present, the blocking device assumes the blocking state independently of an actuation of the control element, in particular by a belayer, before there s cable receiving element has passed through a predetermined movement section. If a backup case is detected, for example by a centrifugal clutch, it takes Blocking device the blocking state before the cable receiving element has passed through a predetermined movement section. This also takes place when the belayer uses the control element to transition from the locked state to the freewheeling state, as a result of which an excessive speed absorption by the belayer can be prevented. If, for example, the climber hangs in the rope and the belayer causes the blocking device to transition from the blocked state to the freewheeling state without taking care of sufficient braking of the safety rope, i.e. the belay event occurs essentially instantaneously after the transition to the freewheeling state the rope also moves the rope receiving element and after the rope receiving element has passed through a predetermined movement section, the blocking device changes into the blocking state due to the presence of the securing case. This transition takes place regardless of whether the control has been operated or is currently being operated. This in particular prevents the blocking device from being in an inactive state when the control element is actuated, in which the blocking device cannot block a movement of the cable receiving element, which movement is only released again by further actuation of the control element. The movement of the rope is thus preferably restricted in the belay device in the event of a belay event, preferably limited to a rope length of less than 1 m, particularly preferably less than 0.5 m, most preferably less than 0.2 m. This reliably prevents the climber from falling due to incorrect operation when a rope blockage is released.

According to one embodiment, the belay device comprises a braking device, the belay case being present when a movement parameter of the movement of the cable receiving element is from a movement parameter set outside of the respective one Predetermined safety range of the movement parameter assigned to movement parameters, the braking device being set up to brake movement of the rope independently of a rope movement direction.

The movement of the cable receiving element is preferably coupled to the movement of the cable received therein. In particular, the cable receiving element can be designed in such a way that the cable moves only insignificantly with respect to the cable receiving element before the movement of the cable receiving element is prevented. As a result, the movement of the rope is preferably prevented. Within the scope of the invention, it can be envisaged that the cable receiving element in the sections with which it can be in contact with the cable has a structure provided with projections (projection structure) in order to increase the friction between the cable and the cable receiving element.

Because the braking device is set up to brake a movement of the rope independently of a direction of movement of the rope, a belayer can provide the rope braking necessary for lowering with the belay device regardless of which end of the rope the climber has hooked or tied into. The fact that the belay device provides the rope braking regardless of which end of the rope the climber has integrated into, prevents the incorrect operation, which is particularly common among beginners, from preventing the climber from tying himself into a rope end, the movement of which the belayer cannot slow down, as a result of which the The climber's safety is greatly increased. If the climber falls and thereby sets the rope in motion, the rope receiving element is also moved by the rope received therein. This movement is usually so abrupt that a movement parameter of the movement of the cable receiving element, which is contained in a movement parameter set, lies outside of this The predetermined securing area assigned to movement parameters is located, whereby the movement of the cable receiving element is then blocked. The cable receiving element is preferably designed in such a way that a cable that is in tension against it is fixed due to friction with respect to the cable receiving element, so that blocking the cable receiving element leads to blocking movement of the cable. Thus, in addition to a first safety device designed by the braking device, with which the movement of the rope can be controlled in a controlled manner, the safety device comprises a second safety device which is responsible for safety in a safety case, for example when the climber falls. Such a two-stage safety system increases the safety of the climber and the independence of the braking action from a direction of rope movement reduces the risk due to the choice of the wrong safety end. Such a safety device also allows the user to lower himself on a rope, the braking device allowing control of the lowering speed, while the locking device is responsible for the safety of the user in safety cases. Both functions are combined in a single belay device, while for the abseiling figure, for example, a second separate safety device in the form of a Prusik node was necessary to perform both functions.

According to a further embodiment of the belay device, the movement parameter set preferably includes a speed and / or an acceleration as the movement parameter of the movement of the cable receiving element. If a speed is an element of the movement parameter set, the movement of the cable receiving element is blocked if the speed lies outside a safety range assigned to the speed of the cable receiving element, for example is too high, so that the movement of the cable is prevented before the person to be secured reaches a too high speed. which in the event of an impact on a stone or the floor Injury. If an acceleration of the rope receiving element is an element of the movement parameter set, the movement of the rope receiving element is blocked if the acceleration lies outside a predetermined safety range assigned to the acceleration, for example the amount of acceleration is too great. If the acceleration lies outside the predetermined safety range assigned to the acceleration, this is an indication that the belayed device is falling, so that the belay device prevents the rope from moving before the belayer can pick up a speed which would result in serious injuries in the event of an impact.

A further development of the belay device is characterized in that the blocking state occurs regardless of the influence of a belayer. As a result, the movement of the rope receiving element is blocked regardless of whether the belayer pays the necessary attention, is possibly panicked, has lost consciousness or does not actuate the braking device in such a way that the movement of the rope is braked.

In one embodiment of the belay device, the belay device further comprises a base element, the rope receiving element being designed as a rope pulley rotatably mounted relative to the base element, and the blocking device comprising a centrifugal clutch comprising a rotor, a clamping element and a coupling element, the rope pulley on the rotor in this way is configured or coupled that a rotation of the rope pulley causes a rotation of the rotor, and in the blocking state there is a coupling of the rotor by means of the clamping element to the coupling element and / or in the blocking state there is a blocking of a movement of the coupling element relative to the base element. Such a centrifugal clutch is a reliable element with which the blocking device according to the invention is realized can be.

According to a further embodiment of the safety device, it is possible for at least one movement parameter from the movement parameter set to be assigned a predetermined safety range, which comprises values of the at least one movement parameter, which characterize a movement of the cable receiving element in a first direction, and which comprises the values of the at least one movement parameter which characterize a movement of the cable receiving element in a second direction, the second direction being different from the first direction. If such a predetermined safety area is assigned to a movement parameter of the rope receiving element, the rope receiving element can move in two different directions without a securing case being present. Since the rope receiving element is set up to be moved by a rope received thereon, such a safety device permits both the use of the braking device regardless of a direction of rope movement for braking the rope and the use of the blocking device, which permits rope movement in two directions. As a result, incorrect use of the belay device by binding or hooking the climber into a wrong rope end is prevented to a particularly great extent.

In one development, the belay device can be characterized in that the braking device is designed separately from the blocking device. As a result, both the braking device and the blocking device can be designed independently of one another for the respective function, so that particularly good braking of the rope and particularly reliable blocking of the rope receiving element is made possible. In particular, the braking device can be formed separately from the cable receiving element or the cable pulley, so that the a movability of the rope receiving element raised design restrictions do not impair the optimal design of the braking device.

It is also possible that in a further modification of the belay device, the blocking device is set up to allow the movement of the cable receiving element in a free-running state, the braking device being set up in the free-running state to brake the movement of the cable independently of the cable movement direction. In the freewheeling state, the belayer can either abseil or abseil and control the speed by using the braking device, so that a safe output speed can be set without blocking the rope take-up element.

Likewise, in a further modification of the belay device, the braking device, in a state of the belay device ready for securing, can be arranged essentially stationary to a coupling point of the belay device provided for coupling to an external belay point. If the braking device does not move significantly with respect to a coupling point of the belay device, to which, for example, the belayer's climbing harness or a strap loop fastened to a climbing hook is fastened, the likelihood that the belayer with part of the hand or clothing enters the braking device during this is reduced of the belay device, since the position of the braking device does not change significantly with respect to the coupling point and the belayer does not have to check the position of the braking device again and again when securing.

In particular, in one embodiment of the belay device, the braking device can have at least one friction surface, preferably two friction surfaces, for braking the cable. This will create a particularly simple and reliable braking device provided. If two friction surfaces are provided, each of the friction surfaces can be designed in a particular way to brake the cable in one direction, which advantageously increases the braking effect of the braking device.

In a preferred embodiment of the belay device, the braking device is designed as a ring-like element. This prevents the rope from slipping out of the braking device.

In the context of this application, a ring-like element is to be understood to mean elements which enclose a cavity section in such a way that a rope penetrating this cavity section is prevented by the ring-like element from being simply moved out of the cavity section in a direction transverse to the direction of extension of the rope.

A simple movement from the cavity section is to be understood to mean that at any time it is possible, without arranging the rope in a special, curved shape, the rope in a direction transverse to the direction of extension of the rope, for example through a gap in the ring-like element, to move out of the cavity portion of the ring-like member. With a simple movement, the gap is twice as wide, preferably 1.5 times as wide, most preferably 1.1 times as wide as the rope suitable for use with the belay device. In particular, the ring-like element can have a gap or an opening, each of which is provided with a device for closing the gap in such a way that the cable which penetrates the cavity in the interior of the ring-like element does not move to one side in one Direction can be moved transversely to the direction of extension of the rope out of the ring-like element. The ring-like element can consist of several Sub-elements exist which form a ring-like element only when assembled, for example when the belay device is ready for operation. It can be envisaged that assemblies of a ring-like element can be arranged to be movable relative to one another. In particular, assemblies of a ring-like element can be set up to close gaps or openings in the ring-like element by movement.

A safety device according to the invention can be characterized in a further modification of the fact that the braking device is set up to open up a rope on the safety device for inserting a rope. This makes it easier to insert the rope.

In a further embodiment, a belay device further comprises a braking device, the braking device being set up to brake movement of a rope, the blocking device being designed in such a way that a change in load at a rope end causes a transition from the blocked state to the freewheeling state. If the person to be secured hangs in the rope and the rope receiving element is blocked, this blocking will impair, preferably block, a movement of the rope. A load change on the rope is an easy and comfortable operation of the belay device by the belayer, even with heavy climbers hanging in the rope, with little effort, so that the belay device can be safely brought into the freewheeling state. In particular, it is not necessary to completely relieve the rope inserted into the belay device in order to bring about a transition from the locked state to the freewheeling state. Such relief would only be possible with great effort. In order to ensure a high level of security, it is in particular contemplated that the blocking device is designed in such a way that, starting from a position of the cable receiving element during a transition from the blocked state to the freewheeling state, the blocking device therefor is set up to block the movement of the cable receiving element before the cable receiving element has passed through a predetermined movement section.

In a development of the belay device according to the invention, the load change at a belay end of the rope can be brought about by pulling the belay end away from the belay device. Such a procedure for changing the load ensures that the belayer has secured the securing end during the transition from the locked state to the free-running state, so that a controlled movement of the rope is made possible.

In a further modification of the belay device, it is possible for the load change at one end of the rope to be brought about by pulling the end of the load towards the belay device. Thus, in a panic situation, the belayer can also pull the load section of the rope to switch from the locked state to the freewheeling state in order to shorten the time that a possibly injured belayer is attached to a blocked rope. Here, too, it is not necessary to relieve the rope completely in order to bring about a transition from the locked state to the freewheeling state, which in turn is only possible with great effort.

In particular, in a further development of the belay device, the belay device can be characterized in that the blocking device comprises a centrifugal clutch comprising a coupling element, the coupling element being arranged in the belay device such that the coupling element can execute a movement within the belay device, and that the movement of the coupling element is lockable, the change in load of the rope causing a locking of the coupling element. By providing a lockable coupling element, it is possible to connect a known centrifugal clutch in the belay device use and to limit the interaction of the load change of the rope only to the movement of the coupling element, the blocking of the coupling element preferably being in the blocking state of the blocking device.

In one embodiment of the securing device, the centrifugal clutch can further comprise a rotor and a clamping element, wherein in the blocking state there is a coupling of the rotor by means of the clamping element to the coupling element, and the release of the locking of the coupling element releases the coupling of the rotor to the coupling element. Such a design of the centrifugal clutch, which preferably couples when there is a speed outside of a predetermined safety range assigned to the speed or when there is acceleration outside a predetermined safety range of the cable receiving element assigned to the acceleration, ensures that releasing the locking of the coupling element connects the coupling of the rotor the coupling element releases, whereby the rotor in the centrifugal clutch can rotate again and thus a dangerous movement of the cable receiving element can be detected. By releasing the lock, the coupling element is able to move, which preferably results in a relief of the clamping element, which is located in the coupling of the rotor to the coupling element, preferably in contact with the rotor and the coupling element, and is present the relief is released from the system, which releases the coupling of the rotor to the coupling element.

In a further modification of the security device, it is possible that the blocking device further comprises a control element which is set up to assume a blocking position, the coupling element having a stop element, the blocking element interacting with the control element in the blocking position in the blocking state in such a way that the Movement of the coupling element in the Belay device is locked, and when the control element moves out of the blocking position from the blocking state, the stop element interacts with the control element in such a way that the blocking of the movement of the coupling element relative to the belay device is released. Providing the stop element on the coupling element and a control element which interacts with the stop element, preferably in the form of a system or in the form of a cam-guide surface interaction, makes a particularly simple control concept for blocking the movement of the coupling element and releasing this blocking realized in the belay device.

An embodiment of the securing device can be characterized in that the blocking device comprises a centrifugal clutch comprising a clamping element, the clamping element being arranged in the securing device such that the clamping element can execute a movement within the securing device and that the movement of the clamping element can be blocked, wherein the load change of the rope brings about a release of a locking of the clamping element. By providing a lockable clamping element, it is possible to use a known centrifugal clutch in the belay device and to limit the interaction of the change in load of the rope only to the movement of the clamping element, the locking of the clamping element preferably being in the blocking state of the blocking device. Furthermore, a separate coupling element can be dispensed with, as a result of which the number of components and thus the costs are reduced.

In a further development of the belay device, the centrifugal clutch can further comprise a rotor in the belay device, wherein in the locked state there is a coupling of the rotor by means of the clamping element to a control element, and the release of the blocking of the clamping element releases the coupling of the rotor to the control element. This simple concept allows the release of the locking of the clamping element at the same time releases the coupling of the rotor to the control element, as a result of which the process of releasing the coupling of the rotor to the control element is less complicated and therefore less prone to malfunction.

In a further embodiment of the belay device, it is also possible for the belay device to be characterized in that the control element is set up to take a blocking position, the clamping element having a stop element, the stop element interacting with the control element in the blocked state in the blocked state, that the movement of the clamping element is blocked in the belay device, and wherein when the control element moves from the blocking position out of the blocking state, the stop element interacts with the control element in such a way that the blocking element within the belay device is released. The provision of the stop element on the clamping element and a control element which interacts with the stop element, preferably in the form of a system or in the form of a cam-guide surface interaction, makes a particularly simple control concept for blocking the movement of the clamping element and releasing this blocking realized in the belay device.

In a further development of the safety device, it can be considered to attach the braking device to the control element. In particular, the braking device can be formed in one piece with the control element or the braking device can be attached to the control means via a joint, for example a hinge. If the braking device is attached to the control means, the control element is moved by actuating the braking device, whereby the locking of the coupling element is released, but a braking force can already act on the rope during the release, so that a rope movement can be braked.

In a further embodiment, a belay device further comprises a braking device, the blocking device comprising a centrifugal clutch, and the braking device being formed separately from moving parts of the centrifugal clutch. A belay device, in which the blocking device comprises a centrifugal clutch and a braking device, which is formed separately from the moving parts of the centrifugal clutch, forms a simple and safe embodiment of a belay device.

In one embodiment of the belay device, the braking device is designed as a ring-like element. With such a design of the braking device, the rope is prevented from slipping out of the braking device.

In a further modification of the safety device, the cable receiving element can be coupled to the centrifugal clutch, the centrifugal clutch comprising a first and a second section of the centrifugal clutch, the centrifugal clutch being set up to block a movement of the cable receiving element in a blocking state and to brake a movement of the cable , wherein the centrifugal clutch changes into the blocking state in a securing case, the securing case being present when a movement parameter of the movement of the cable receiving element from a movement parameter set lies outside a predetermined safety range of the movement parameter assigned to the respective movement parameter, the first section of the centrifugal clutch being set up for this purpose, at Presence of the securing case to block a movement of the cable receiving element when the cable receiving element moves in a first direction and is set up for this purpose to allow the movement of the cable take-up element when the cable take-up element moves in a second direction opposite to the first direction, the second section of the centrifugal clutch being set up to block the movement of the cable take-up element when the securing case is present, when the cable take-up element is moving in the second direction, and is set up to do so Allow movement of the cable receiving element when the cable receiving element moves in the first direction. By providing the first and a second section of the centrifugal clutch with separate tasks, the individual sections of the centrifugal clutch can be matched particularly well to the respective task. Furthermore, in the event of a malfunction of one of the sections of the centrifugal clutch, caused for example by an accident, the belay device can be used for securing, the load end and the belay end of the rope being selected in accordance with the undamaged section of the centrifugal clutch. As a result, this is equipped with redundancy, which enables the safety device to be used further in the event of malfunctions.

In the embodiments of the present invention, the locking device of the belay device may include a latch mechanism. The pawl mechanism is preferably set up to allow at least a gradual movement of the cable receiving element. In aspects one to four of the present invention, the blocking device can, if not already explained, a centrifugal clutch, preferably with a, in particular movable, coupling element and / or a, in particular movable, control element and / or a rotor and / or a clamping element, include.

The coupling element can have the function of a ratchet wheel of the ratchet mechanism. Furthermore, the control element can have the function of a pawl in the pawl mechanism. The pawl mechanism is preferably set up to move the Allow coupling element step by step. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the pawl mechanism is set up to restrict the movement of the coupling element to movement sections. The ratchet mechanism is preferably designed symmetrically with respect to the possible directions of movement of the cable receiving element. The rope receiving element can be designed as a rope pulley. The rope pulley is advantageously rotatably mounted, as a result of which the delivery and / or retraction of the rope on the belay device is particularly convenient. The rope pulley can be rotatably mounted with low friction, the bearing of the rope pulley preferably being realized by a plain bearing. The use of a plain bearing allows an inexpensive, low-friction, rotatable mounting of the rope pulley. It should also not be ruled out that the rotatable mounting of the rope pulley is realized with the help of a ball bearing. Preferably, the pawl mechanism is symmetrical with respect to the forward and backward rotation of the pulley. It is also possible that the pawl mechanism is set up to restrict the movement of the cable receiving element, preferably in cooperation with the coupling element, particularly preferably in cooperation with the centrifugal clutch, most preferably when the rotor is coupled to the coupling element, to movement sections. In particular, it is contemplated that the coupling of the rotor to the coupling element is achieved by latching the clamping element in the coupling element in a predetermined structure.

It is possible to divide the centrifugal clutch and / or the ratchet mechanism into two sections, the first section of the centrifugal clutch and / or the ratchet mechanism being set up to bring about a transition of the blocking device into the blocked state in a securing case when the cable receiving element is in moved in a first direction and in a fuse case not to cause a transition of the blocking device into the blocking state if the Rope receiving element moves in a second direction, preferably opposite, from the first direction, and wherein the second section of the centrifugal clutch and / or the ratchet mechanism is set up to bring about a transition of the blocking device into the blocking state in a securing case when the rope receiving element is in moved in the second direction and in a securing case not to cause the blocking device to transition into the blocking state when the cable receiving element moves in the first direction.

In all modifications of the present invention, the belay device may further comprise a base element and a coupling point provided for coupling to an external securing point, the blocking device comprising a movable rope receiving element which is designed to be moved by a rope received thereon, the rope receiving element as one Rope pulley is rotatably mounted relative to the base element, the coupling point is designed to be stationary with respect to the base element and the axis of rotation of the rope roller is designed to be stationary with respect to the base element. In such a configuration, the belay device is designed to be particularly simple, a coupling point, in particular an opening for threading a karabiner, is designed to be stationary on the base element and an axis of rotation of the cable pulley is designed to be stationary with respect to the base element, for example by a fixed position with respect to the base element arranged rotating shaft. This creates a power transmission from the rope pulley to the coupling point via particularly few elements. This not only promotes a simple and inexpensive structure, but especially when the rotary shaft of the Such a structure increases the reliability of the belay device, since the force is transmitted from the rope pulley to the coupling point via a very small number of elements. Since a housing of the belay device can be designed as a basic element of the belay device, in particular in the case of multi-part housings in which several mutually displaceable and / or rotatable sections have coupling points or coupling point sections, the above-described embodiment of the present invention should be understood to mean that of a section of the housing, the axis of rotation of the cable pulley is designed to be stationary and that the coupling point is designed to be stationary with respect to this housing section. In particular, a section of the housing (housing section) can be designed as a base element. A coupling point which is designed to be stationary with respect to a housing section is also to be understood as meaning through openings or coupling points which are designed to be stationary with respect to this housing section and which can be used in the operational state of the securing device only together with a further through opening or a further coupling point; two-part housing intended, wherein an opening is provided both in one part and in the other part of the housing, and in an operational state of the security device, both openings are made one above the other so that a carabiner can be passed through.

In all modifications of the present invention, the belay device can be designed in such a way that the braking device is designed as a ring-like element which is designed to be opened out, the ring-like element preferably having a first partial element and a second partial element, and if that ring-like element a first sub-element and a second sub-element has, in a particularly preferred embodiment, the ring-like Element set up to be unfolded by displacing and / or rotating the first partial element and the second partial element against each other. This increases the ease of use of the belay device, since inserting a rope into the belay device is particularly convenient due to the ring-like element that is unfolded.

The belay device is not only suitable for use when climbing, but can also be used to lower a climber, to lower the belayer himself or to secure when climbing solo. Furthermore, the belay device is not limited to use in the climbing area, but can be used wherever a load or a person must be secured on a rope, such areas are, for example, industrial climbing, mountain rescue, as well as police or police operations Fire department to look at. For this reason, terms such as the climber, the climber or the person to be secured are used as synonyms in the context of this application.

Figur 1a

eine erste Ansicht der ersten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung;

Figur 1b

eine zweite Ansicht der ersten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung, wobei auch Elemente einer Alternative gezeigt werden;

Figur 1c

ein Stoppelement;

Figur 2

eine Benutzung der ersten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung;

Figuren 3a - 3f

die Funktion der ersten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung;

Figur 4a

eine vereinfachte Darstellung des Gehäuses einer zweiten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung; und

Figur 4b

eine Ansicht der zweiten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung;

Figur 5

eine erste Ansicht einer dritten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung;

Figur 6

eine zweite Ansicht der dritten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung;

Figur 7

eine dritte Ansicht einer dritten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung;

Figur 8a - 8e

Ansichten einer vierten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung, wobei in Fig. 8e über ein Rechteck ein Bereich A markiert ist;

Figur 8f

eine Vergrößerte Darstellung des Bereichs A aus Fig. 8e, wobei einige verdeckte Konturen durch gestrichelte Linien angedeutet sind;

wobei unter Ansichten auch Teilansichten, Schnittansichten usw. zu verstehen sind.Embodiments of the invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1a

a first view of the first embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 1b

a second view of the first embodiment of the present invention, also showing elements of an alternative;

Figure 1c

a stop element;

Figure 2

use of the first embodiment of the present invention;

Figures 3a - 3f

the function of the first embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 4a

a simplified representation of the housing of a second embodiment of the present invention; and

Figure 4b

a view of the second embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 5

a first view of a third embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 6

a second view of the third embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 7

a third view of a third embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 8a - 8e

Views of a fourth embodiment of the present invention, wherein in Fig. 8e an area A is marked by a rectangle;

Figure 8f

an enlarged view of area A. Fig. 8e , with some hidden contours indicated by dashed lines;

whereby views are also to be understood as partial views, sectional views, etc.

First embodiment

Figure 1a shows a first embodiment of a security device 2 according to the invention, wherein a housing 4 (see Figure 2 ) in Figure 1a has been omitted. The belay device comprises a braking device 6 and a blocking device 8. The blocking device 8 preferably comprises a centrifugal clutch 10. The blocking device comprises a movable cable receiving element 12, which in a preferred embodiment is designed as a cable pulley 14. The rope receiving element 12 can be moved by the rope 16 when the rope 16 is received on the rope receiving element 12. The movement of the rope is transmitted to the rope receiving element 12, for example, by friction of the rope 16 on a receiving surface 20 which is preferably provided with a projection structure 18. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the receiving surface 20 is on the Inside of a rope receiving groove 22 of the pulley 14 is provided. The projection structure 18 is preferably provided in the cable receiving groove 22 and can taper conically towards the center of the cable receiving groove 22. As a result, ropes 16 with different diameters can be used in the belay device 2, since the rope 16 used can wedge in accordance with its diameter on a suitable conical section of the projection structure 18 under load. The cable receiving element 12 is preferably designed in such a way that the cable 16 causes the cable receiving element 12 to move essentially without slippage and, in a particularly advantageous embodiment, a blocked cable receiving element due to the friction causes the rope 16 to slip on the cable receiving element 12, and thus a movement of the cable 16 can prevent. It's like in Figure 1a shown the protrusion structure 18 formed on the side walls of the cable receiving groove 22, the cable 16 is jammed in the converging walls of the cable receiving groove 22 and slipping of the cable 16 is prevented when the cable 16 is loaded.

Braking device

The braking device 6 is preferably formed separately from the blocking device 8, in particular separately from moving parts of the blocking device 8. In the event that the blocking device comprises a centrifugal clutch 10, the braking device 6 is especially formed separately from the moving parts of the centrifugal clutch 10. The braking device 6 can be made partially, in particular completely, of metal in order to be able to dissipate the heat generated when braking the cable 16. If the braking device 6 is partially or completely made of metal, it has a high resistance to abrasion and is therefore particularly wear-resistant.

The housing 4 of the belay device 2 can have a receptacle or a bearing of a first rotation shaft 24, the first rotation shaft 24 can be set up for receiving the cable receiving element 12.

In the in Figure 1a In the exemplary embodiment shown, the braking device is designed as a ring-like element 26 which completely surrounds an opening (an interior of the ring-like element 26) through which a rope loop of the rope 16 can be threaded and the rope 16 can be received on the rope receiving element 12.

However, it is also possible the first embodiment, as in Figure 1b shown to modify to the extent that the ring-like. Element 26 is provided with a gap 28 (in order to improve the overview, see Figure 1b the rear wall of the ring-like element 26 behind the gap 28 is not shown), so that the cable 16 can pass through the gap into the interior of the ring-like element 26 in order to facilitate the cable reception on the cable reception element 12. It is also possible to provide a preferably lockable and unlockable closure element 30, whereby both the insertion of the rope 16 into the interior of the ring-like element 26 can be simplified and, when the closure element 30 is locked, the rope 16 can be prevented from sliding out through the gap 28.

The braking device 6 has at least one friction surface 32r, 32l, preferably two friction surfaces 32r and 32l. The at least one friction surface 32r, 32l can be made partially, in particular completely, of metal in order to be able to dissipate the heat generated when the cable 16 is braked. The friction surfaces 32r, 32l are able to brake the cable 16 regardless of the direction of movement; for this purpose, it is usually sufficient to change the position of the cable section, at which the belayer controls the cable movement, relative to the belay device 2, as in the case of a tuber. In particular, such a friction surface 32r, 32l is concave, so that the cable 16 is deformed in the concave friction surface 32r, 32l, and braking of the cable 16 by friction to an increased extent also on the side walls 34r, 34l of the concave friction surface 32r, 32l takes place. The side walls 34r, 34l and / or the bottom section lying between two side walls 34r or 34l can be provided with ribs 36 or projections of different design (not shown) in order to increase the friction of the cable 16 in the braking device 6, and thus the braking to support the rope 16.

The braking device 6 is preferably as in FIG Figure 1a shown in the first embodiment, arranged on the security device 2 hinged. The opening is realized by a partially in Figure 1a indicated hinge 38, which connects the ring-like element 26 with a control element 40. If the ring-like element 26 on the hinge 38 is opened in the direction K1, a rope loop of the rope 16 can be inserted through the opening of the ring-like element 26 in order to be placed around the rope pulley 14. The ring-like element 26 can be folded back in the direction K2. The opening of the ring-like element 26 is preferably substantially aligned with the cable receiving groove 22.

Blocking device

The blocking device 8 comprises the cable receiving element 12, which is designed as a cable pulley 14 in the first embodiment, and blocks a movement of the cable receiving element 12, in this case the rotation of the cable pulley 14, in a blocking state to be described later. By means of the receiving surface 20, the movement of the cable pulley 14 is coupled to the movement of the rope 16. In a preferred embodiment, as shown in the first embodiment, the rope pulley 14 can comprise a first half-roller 42v and a second half-roller 42h, which are preferably arranged fixed to one another, but it is also possible to form the rope roller 14 in one piece. Furthermore, the blocking device 8 preferably comprises the centrifugal clutch 10. The centrifugal clutch preferably comprises a rotor 44, at least one clamping element 46 and a coupling element 48. The rotor 44 is preferably non-rotatably connected to the cable pulley 14 connected, for example in that the rotor 44 and the cable pulley 14 are fixedly connected to the first rotation shaft 24 or are firmly connected to one another, but rotatably on the rotation shaft 24. However, it can also be considered to mount the rotor 44 in a rotationally fixed manner on a first rotational section of a friction clutch, not shown, and to attach the cable pulley 14 in a rotationally fixed manner to a second rotational section of the friction clutch, not shown, so that when the rotation of the rotor 44 is blocked, the one not shown Cushioning a stop operation of the pulley 14 cushioned, whereby the case of one to be secured is cushioned.

The rotor 44 preferably has at least one recess 50 for reducing weight. Furthermore, the rotor 44 has at least one contact surface 52 for interaction with the at least one clamping element 46. The contact surface 52 preferably has a notch 54 which defines a neutral position of the at least one clamping element 46. It is possible for the contact surface 52 to have a guide groove 56 in which an elastic element (not shown) for retaining the at least one clamping element 46 is guided. In a preferred embodiment, the elastic element is an elastic band, wherein guiding of the at least one clamping element 46 on the elastic band is ensured by means of a further guide groove in the at least one clamping element 46. In a particularly preferred embodiment, an elastic element can alternatively be designed as a spring arrangement for retaining the at least one clamping element 46, which preferably couples both to the at least one clamping element 46 and the rotor 44. If several, preferably two, clamping elements 46 are provided, there is alternatively also the possibility of designing an elastic element as a spring arrangement for retaining at least two clamping elements 46, which preferably couples the two clamping elements 46 to one another. The at least one clamping element 46 is preferably in the direction of the rotor 44 through the spring arrangement or the elastic element biased. In order to ensure the safety of the function of the centrifugal clutch 10, the centrifugal clutch 10 preferably comprises a plurality of contact surfaces 52 and preferably a plurality of clamping elements 46. The at least one clamping element 46 preferably has a cylindrical shape.

The coupling element 48 is preferably arranged movably in the housing 4. The coupling element 48 is preferably of annular design. In a preferred embodiment, the coupling element 48 has an inner surface to which the at least one clamping element 46 can couple in cooperation with the rotor 44, so that the rotor 44 cannot be rotated relative to the coupling element 48, i.e. with the rotor, at least in one direction of rotation of the rotor 44 Coupling element 48 is coupled. In particular, the coupling of the at least one clamping element 46 can be achieved in that the inner surface of the coupling element 48 has a structure adapted to the shape of the at least one clamping element 46, in which the at least one clamping element 46 can engage. In particular, a toothing is intended here. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the inner surface of the coupling element 48 has a toothing in which the interdental spaces are designed as partial sections of a round, preferably cylindrical, opening wall. The coupling element 48 is preferably mounted rotatably with respect to the cable pulley 40, in particular rotatably on the first rotation shaft 24.

The coupling element 48 is in turn preferably provided with at least one recess 60 for weight reduction. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the coupling element 48 is provided on its outer circumference with at least one stop element 62, preferably with a plurality of stop elements 62, which is preferably designed as a projection. The stop element 62 preferably has a first contact surface 64r and a second contact surface 64l, see Figure 1c . In a particularly preferred embodiment, the stop element 62 has a cam section 66. The In a preferred embodiment, stop element 62 interacts with control element 40 in a preferred embodiment. The control element 40 is preferably rotatably arranged on the housing 4. In particular, it has a first section 68, on which a belayer can directly or indirectly engage in order to move it, and a second section 70, which is set up to interact with the stop element 62. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the second section 70 has a left stop surface 72l and a right stop surface 72r, a left 74l and a right 74r limiting projection and a cam guide surface 76 lying in between.

If there is no coupling of the rotor 44 to the coupling element 48 by means of the at least one clamping element 46, the cable receiving element 12, for example designed as a cable pulley 14, can move freely in a freewheeling state. The direction-independent braking effect of the braking device 6 on the cable 16 is independent of the presence of the freewheeling state, for example this is achieved by the cable pulley 14 being formed separately from the braking device 6.

casing

The housing 4 or a part of the housing 4 can be designed as a base element, against which the cable pulley 14 can rotate.

In order to couple the belay device to an external belay point, for example a climbing harness or a sling, the belay device 2, preferably the housing 4, has a coupling point, preferably in the form of an opening 78. The housing 4 preferably has a first half 80h and a second half 80v, the control element 40 in particular being rotatably mounted on the first half 80h of the housing 4 and the opening 78 preferably also in the first half 80h of the housing 4 is formed. The first rotation shaft 24 is preferably stationary, in particular also non-rotatable, with respect to the first half 80h of the housing 4. For example, the rotation shaft 24 is connected to the first half 80h of the housing 4 in such a way that the axis of rotation of the cable pulley 14 defined by the rotation shaft 24 cannot move with respect to the first half 80h of the housing 4. In particular, the first half 80h of the housing 4 can also be viewed alone as a base element. The second half of the housing 80v is preferably rotatably mounted on the first rotary shaft 24 such that it can be pivoted relative to the ring-like element 26 and the opening 78. In particular, the closure element 30 can be formed integrally with the second half 80v of the housing 4. Furthermore, the second half 80v of the housing 4 can have a cutout 82 which, depending on the position of the second half 80v of the housing 4, can open the opening 78 with respect to the first half 80h of the housing 4.

It is also possible to position the opening 78 and the recess 82 with respect to the first half 80h and a second half 80v with respect to the arrangement Figure 1b turn around like in Figure 2 shown.

The braking device 6, which is designed as a ring-like element 26, is arranged substantially stationary with respect to the opening 78 during the securing with the belay device 2. The rocking movement of the braking device 6, which occurs when the control element 40 is rotated about the second rotating shaft 86, is slight and hardly affects the arrangement of the braking device 6 with respect to the opening 78.

The recess 82 can be designed to insert the rope 16 into the rope pulley 14.

The function and use of the belay device are described below.

Making the belay device operational

In the first embodiment, a rope loop is inserted into the belay device 2 by the ring-like element 26 on the hinge 38 being opened in the direction K1, the rope loop being placed around the rope pulley 14 and the ring-like element 26 is then again attached to the hinge 38 in FIG Figure 1a position shown folded back towards K2. Furthermore, it can be considered to make one of the half-rollers 42v, 42h smaller than the other half-roller 42h, 42v, so that inserting the rope loop of the rope 16 is simplified.

In a preferred embodiment, not shown, the recess 82 is arranged in the second half 80v of the housing 4 such that when the opening 78 is exposed through the recess 82, the closure element 30 integrally formed on the second half 82v of the housing 4, the gap 28 covers. Thus, a carabiner, a strap loop or a rope can only be inserted into the opening 78 for coupling to an external securing point if the gap 28 is covered by the closure element 30, so that the rope 16, as soon as it is passed around the rope pulley 14, can no longer accidentally slide out of the belay device 2. This is prevented in particular by the fact that the first rotation shaft 24 together with the ring-like element 26 and the two halves 80v and 80h of the housing 4 form a substantially continuous structure, so that the rope loop of the rope 16, even if it jumps out of the rope receiving groove 22, is prevented by this structure from entering the interior of the ring-like element 26, thereby preventing the rope loop from sliding out of the belay device 2.

Security and blocking function

As from the Figure 2 can be seen, the belay device 2 is symmetrical with regard to the use of the two rope ends 84a, 84b as a load end and a belay end. A load end is to be understood as a section of the rope that lies between the belay device 2 and the climber. When solo climbing or abseiling yourself, the end of the load is the rope section, which can be loaded by the weight of the solo climber or the abseiler. The securing end is the cable section separated from the load end by the belay device, by means of which the belayer preferably controls the use of the braking device. Due to the symmetry, incorrect operation of the belay device 2, for example by binding the climber in a wrong rope end, is prevented.

If the belayer is climbing, the belayer can give rope 16 by pulling away from the belay device 2 at the load end of the rope 16 without pressing the belay end of the rope 16 against one of the friction surfaces 32l, 32r. The rope pulley 14 then rotates together with the rotor 44 within the housing 4 due to the friction of the rope 16 on the projection structure 18. Since the speed of the rotor 44 is low, the centrifugal force occurring due to the rotation is not large enough to release the at least one clamping element 46 from the contact with the notch 54 against the restoring force of the elastic band. Likewise, in the case of a normal rope movement when giving the rope, the acceleration of the rope pulley 14 and thus of the rotor 44 is not large enough for the force present due to the inertia of the at least one clamping element 46 to release the at least one clamping element 46 from the restoring force of the elastic band Notch 54 allows. At a higher speed or a higher acceleration, the at least one clamping element 46 can be released from the notch 54, but a small deviation will not be sufficient for the at least one clamping element 46 to engage in an internal toothing of the coupling element 48. Only when a predetermined speed of rotation of the rotor 44 according to the amount is present, the centrifugal is large enough so that there is a sufficient distance of the at least one clamping element 46 from the notch 54 and the at least one clamping element 46 engages in the internal toothing of the coupling element 48. The preferably slightly V-shaped contact surface 52, the notch 54 forming the tip of the V, then wedges the at least one clamping element 46 in the internal toothing of the coupling element 48, so that a force acting on the cable pulley 14 via the rotor 44, which is rotationally fixed or is arranged at least substantially non-rotatably with respect to the cable pulley 14, via which at least one clamping element 46 is transmitted to the coupling element 48. An analogous situation exists if, due to increased acceleration, the inertial force of the at least one clamping element 46 is sufficient to cause the at least one clamping element 46 to be spaced from the notch 54, so that the at least one clamping element 46 engages in the internal toothing of the coupling element 48. Here, again, the absolute amount of the acceleration is decisive.

The limit speed or the limit acceleration, from which there is a coupling of the rotor 44 via the at least one clamping element 46 to the coupling element 48, can be selected through a suitable selection of the elastic properties of the elastic element used, in particular the elastic band or the spring arrangement, or the distance of the notch 54 can be set for the internal toothing of the coupling element 48.

In particular, the limit speed and / or the limit acceleration are absolute value values, so that, for example, all speeds in the forward and reverse directions, the amount of which is smaller than the limit speed, belong to a safety range of the speed. Likewise, all accelerations in the forward and reverse direction, the amount of which is smaller than the limit acceleration, can belong to a safety range of the limit acceleration.

If a coupling of the rotor 44 to the coupling element 48 is desired only when a predetermined speed is exceeded and not when a predetermined acceleration is exceeded, this can be achieved by moving the at least one clamping element 46, for example by means of a guide groove, to move with the Is essentially restricted to only one radial component.

The centrifugal clutch thus detects when a movement parameter, for example the speed or the acceleration, lies outside a predetermined parameter range and in this case couples the rotor 44, and thus also the rope pulley 14, to the coupling element 48. This coupling can transition into the locked state , preferably from the freewheeling state in which the cable receiving element 12 can move freely.

A safety case is therefore present when a movement parameter of the movement of the cable receiving element 12, here the cable pulley 14, lies outside a predetermined safety area assigned to the movement parameter. Such a safety case is detected by the centrifugal clutch and is not limited to the detection of a movement parameter, but a safety case is detected in particular when the speed and / or the acceleration of the rope pulley 14 lies outside the respectively assigned predetermined safety range of the respective movement parameter.

It can also be considered to record movement parameters of the movement of the cable receiving element using electronic components. In particular, the rotational speed of the rope pulley and the acceleration of the rotational movement of the rope pulley can be recorded using electronic components. Such electronic Components are preferably coupled to an electronic processing device, so that if a movement parameter of the movement of the rope pulley from a movement parameter set lies outside a predetermined safety range of the movement parameter assigned to the respective movement parameter, the electronic processing device blocks an appropriately designed blocking device the movement of the rope pulley. This can be done, for example, by an electrically actuated brake of the rope pulley.

In Figure 3a the blocking state is shown when a force in the direction W is applied to the cable pulley 14, wherein a rotational movement in the direction W of the cable pulley 14 is blocked. This is preferably done via a power transmission from the rope pulley 14 to the centrifugal clutch 10, further to the control element 40 and still further to the housing 4. A blocked rope receiving element 12 preferably prevents movement of a rope 16 received thereon. The rotor is coupled in the locked state 44 on the coupling element 48 by means of the at least one clamping element 46.

Is the control element 40 and the coupling element 48 in the in the Figure 3a shown position and couples the rotor 44 via the at least one clamping element 46 to the coupling element 48 in the in Figure 3a shown manner and also acts on the pulley 14 a force that would move the coupling element 48 in the direction W, the blocking device is in Figure 3a in the locked state: the control element 40, which is rotatably mounted on the housing 4 on a second rotation shaft 86, bears on the outer circumference of the coupling element 48 with the right limiting projection 74r. Furthermore, there is contact between the right stop surface 72r and the left contact surface 64l of a stop element 62. In this case, the force acting on the rope pulley 14 through the rope is transmitted to the rotor 44. The rotor 44 transmits this force to the coupling element 48 via the at least one clamping element 46. This in turn transfers this force to the control element 40 via the contact of the contact surface 64l with the stop surface 72r. The movement of the coupling element 48, in particular with respect to the base element 4, is blocked in this state. In the present exemplary embodiment, however, the movement of the coupling element 48 should only be blocked if a force which acts on the cable pulley 14 causes the contact surface 64l to contact the stop surface 72r.

Since the movement of the control element 40 is restricted to a rotation about the second rotation shaft 86 and this is prevented by the abutment of the limiting projection 74r on the outer circumference of the coupling element 48, this force is transmitted to the second rotation shaft 86 and finally to the housing 4. Movement of the pulley 14 is thus blocked. As a result, the movement of the rope 16 is preferably blocked due to the design of the rope pulley 14.

However, if there is a situation as in Figure 3b is shown, the coupling element 48 can still rotate in the direction W since there is no contact of a stop surface 72r and a contact surface 64l. In this case, however, the cam portion 66 of the stop member 62 slides along the cam guide surface 76 of the control member 40 when the same force ratios are present as with respect to FIG Figure 3a have been discussed. The movement of the control element 40 resulting from the movement of the coupling element 48 in the interaction of the cam section 66 and the cam guide surface 76 is shown in FIGS Figures 3c to 3e shown. The movement of the cam section 66 along the cam guide surface brings the right limiting projection 74r closer to the outer circumference of the coupling element 48 as soon as the coupling element 48 has carried out at most a first predetermined movement section. If a stop element 62 is provided, the length of the first predetermined movement section is limited by 360 °; if a plurality of stop elements 62 are present, the length of the first predetermined movement section is determined by the Angular arrangement of the stop elements 62 determined. Due to the present coupling of the rotor 44 to the coupling element 48, the coupling element 48 is coupled to the movement of the cable pulley 14, so that the movement of the cam section 66 along the cam guide surface 76 brings the right limiting projection 74r closer to the outer circumference of the coupling element as soon as the cable pulley 12 has carried out at most the first predetermined movement section.

As soon as the right limiting projection 74r has reached the outer periphery of the coupling element 48, an interaction of the cam section 66 of a first stop element 88 with the left limiting projection 74l prevents rotation of the control element 40 about the second rotation shaft 86 counterclockwise until the position of a second stop element 90 has changed so far that a rotation of the control element 40 counterclockwise would cause the stop surface 72r or the limiting projection 74r to contact the contact surface 64l of the second stop element 90, the control element 40 is then in a locked position.

If the coupling element 48 rotates further in the direction W, the belay device 2 assumes the position as shown in FIG Figure 3a is shown. This happens at the latest after the coupling element 48, and due to the present coupling also the rope pulley 14, has passed through a second predetermined movement section, the length of which is less than 360 ° or, if a plurality of stop elements 62 are present, is determined by the angular arrangement of the stop elements 62.

In the position as they are in Figure 3a is shown, a movement in the direction W of the rope pulley 14 is prevented and the blocking state is present. The further rotation of the coupling element 48, and due to its coupling to the rotor 44 also the further rotation of the cable pulley 14, in the direction W is limited by the stop of the stop surface 72r on the contact surface 64l.

In summary, the movement of the rope pulley 14 is limited by the movement of the coupling element 48 in the presence of a securing case before the blocking state is reached, thus the rope pulley 14 can rotate so far when a securing case is present until a stop element 62 performs a rotary movement which is less than 720 ° and in the presence of a plurality of stop elements 62, if the securing case is present, the cable pulley 14 can rotate until an angular range is covered which is smaller than twice the maximum intermediate angle α between two stop elements 62.

In order to enable a free rotation of the rope pulley 14 in the free-running state of the blocking device, starting from the in Figure 3a shown position, the belayer pulling the load end of the rope 16 in the direction of the belay device 2, whereby a load change is caused at the load end of the rope. As a result, the force with which the rotor 44 presses the at least one clamping element 46 into the internal toothing of the coupling element 48 is reduced to such an extent that the elastic band releases the at least one clamping element 46 from the internal toothing of the coupling element 48, whereupon the at least one clamping element 46 in the notch 54 slides back and thus releases the coupling of the rotor to the coupling element. The rotor 44, and thus the rope pulley 14, can now move freely again. Since a force in the direction W no longer acts on the contact surface 64l, the coupling element 48 is no longer blocked in its movement.

Regardless of the position of the control element and thus of the influencing of the belayer or an actuation of the control element, the rotor 44 can be coupled to the coupling element 48 again when a fuse is detected, so that the case ends Figure 3a or Figure 3b depending on the direction of rotation, and the movement of the cable pulley 14 can be blocked at the latest after passing through the predetermined movement section, in particular an angular interval. The movement of the pulley 14 is thus in the presence of a backup case limited to the predetermined moving section which is smaller than the combination of the first and second predetermined moving sections. This is ensured by the interaction of the stop element with the control element. In particular, the provision of a cam section 66 on the stop element 62 and a cam guide surface 76 on the control element 40 guarantees that the control element 40 at the latest after passing through the first predetermined movement section of the coupling element 48, and thus the rope pulley 14, when the coupling of the rotor 44 is present the coupling element 48 via the at least one clamping element 46.

Viewed differently, the control element 40 interacts with the stop element 62 like a pawl: the control element 40 becomes the one in FIG Figure 3a shown position rotated counterclockwise, so that in Figure 3a stop element 62 lying in contact with the stop surface 72r rotate together with the coupling element 48 counterclockwise. Accordingly, the blocking device thus comprises a ratchet mechanism. The rotation of the coupling element 48 stops at the latest when the following stop element 62 stops, since the control element has returned to its locked position due to the interaction of the cam section 66 of the stop element with the cam guide surface 76.

A blockage of the pulley 12 in the blocking state, as in Figure 3a can also be solved by pulling away from the securing device 2 in the direction F at a securing end of the cable 16, as a result of which a change in load is brought about at the securing end of the cable. This causes a rotation of the control element 40 in the direction K3, which is in the blocking position, about the second rotation shaft 86 due to a leverage effect of a force acting on the ring-like element 26 through the cable 16. The coupling element 48 is rotated clockwise by the contact of the stop surface 72r with the contact surface 64l. Such a small rotation is enough to do that to relieve at least one clamping element 46 such that the elastic band releases the at least one clamping element 46 from the internal toothing of the coupling element 48 and the at least one clamping element 46 slides back into the notch 54. The rotor 44 is thus decoupled from the coupling element 48 and the cable pulley 14 can rotate freely in the freewheeling state. Likewise, no force acts on contact surfaces 64l, 64r of stop elements 62, so that a blocking of the coupling element 48 is released. In this process, which releases the blocking of the coupling element 48, the coupling of the rotor 44 to the coupling element 48 is preferably simultaneously released, in particular the control element 40 is moved in this process.

The function of the belay device 2 has been described in relation to the direction of rotation W of the pulley 14. Due to the symmetrical structure of the security device 2, the function of the security device 2 in the direction of rotation opposite to the direction of rotation W corresponds to the function of the security device 2 in the direction of rotation W in an analogous manner.

Second embodiment

Only the differences between the second embodiment and the first embodiment are discussed below.

In the second embodiment, which in the Figures 4a and 4b a brake device 106 is integrally formed on a housing 104 to reduce the weight of the securing device 102. The first section 168 of the control element has an actuation section 192 that is separate from the braking device 106.

The actuating section 192 is preferably configured to be actuated by a belayer to move the control element.

The braking device 106 is designed as a ring-like element 126 with a slot 128, through which a rope loop can be introduced into the inner region of the ring-like element 126. Here, a first rope end 184a preferably protrudes upward from the ring-like element 126, while the second rope end 184b is guided around the rope pulley 114 by the user and then inserted through the slot 128 into the interior of the ring-like element 126. One of the half-rollers 142v can have a recess 194 oriented in the radial direction, so that the second cable end 184b can be inserted into the cable-receiving groove. This is particularly advantageous if part of the cable pulley 114, as in FIG FIG 4b shown, is substantially flush with a portion of the housing 104 to prevent the cable 116 from slipping out unintentionally. The sliding out of the cable 116 can also be prevented by a closure element 130, which is preferably slidably mounted with respect to the housing 104. The closure element 130 is preferably set up to close the slot 128. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the closure element 130 is set up to subdivide the interior of the ring-like element 126 into two essentially closed eyelets, the first rope end 184a or the second rope end 184b running through each of these eyelets.

The braking device 106 is arranged stationary with respect to a coupling point designed as an opening 178.

Third embodiment

A third embodiment of the present invention will now be described with reference to FIG Figures 5 to 7 described, which is characterized in that at least one stop element 262 is arranged directly on at least one clamping element 246, whereby in the third embodiment of the present invention, the clamping element 246 connected, preferably in one piece, with a coupling element is trained. The clamping element 246 can be both a clamping element and a coupling element in the sense of the or some claims. In Figure 7 the not visible edge of the receiving groove 298 is shown in dashed lines.

In the following, only the differences from the embodiments 1 and 2 are referred to. In particular, a belay device 202 of the third embodiment is constructed symmetrically with respect to a direction of use of a threaded rope.

The belay device 202 of the third embodiment of the present invention has a ring-like element 226, a braking device 206, a cable receiving element 212 designed as a cable roller 214, and a base element 204. The braking device 206 has at least one friction surface 232r, 232l, preferably two friction surfaces 232r and 232l. The friction surfaces 232r, 232l are able to brake a rope, not shown, regardless of the direction of movement of the rope. Each of the friction surfaces 232r, 232l can be designed analogously to one of the friction surfaces 32r, 32l of the first exemplary embodiment. The stop element 262 has a first contact surface 264r, a second contact surface 264l and a cam section 266.

The ring-like element 226 can have two sub-elements 226l, 226r, which in a preferred embodiment are rotatably mounted on a common rotation shaft 286 on the base element 204. One of the partial elements 226r of the ring-like element 226 is integrally formed with a control element 240, wherein the partial element 226r can comprise elements of the braking device 206. In a preferred embodiment, the control element 240 has a cam guide surface 276, stop surfaces 272l, 272r and limiting projections 274l, 274r. The pulley 214 may include a first half-roller 242v and a second half-roller 242h.

At least one receiving groove 298 is preferably provided in a surface element 296 of the second half-roller 242h, particularly preferably two receiving grooves 298 are provided. The surface element 296 of the second half-roller 242h can also be regarded as a rotor. The surface element 296 can be a rotor in the sense of the or some claims.

The surface element 296 can be formed contiguously with the second half-roller 242h, but it is also possible that the surface element 296 is manufactured separately and is mounted on the second half-roller 242h by means of screws and / or rivets, so that the second half-roller 242h and the surface element 296 are non-rotatably connected. The securing device 202 preferably comprises two clamping elements 246. Each of these clamping elements is equipped with at least one, preferably two, guide pins 300l, 300r. The shape of a pin 300l, 300r is preferably adapted to the configuration of an assigned receiving groove 298. It is further preferred that at least one of the pins 300l, 300r, preferably both pins 300l, 300r, protrude into the associated receiving groove 298.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the at least one receiving groove 298 has an outer circumferential region 298out, which preferably extends along a circular section around an axis of rotation 224 of the surface element 296.

The outer peripheral region 298out is preferably delimited in each direction of rotation by a blocking region 298rb, 298lb. A support arrangement 302 can be provided between the blocking areas 298rb, 298lb on the side of the receiving groove 298 opposite the outer peripheral area 298out. The support assembly 302 preferably includes a left pin seat 298ls and a right pin seat 298rs. Preferably, the area of the support assembly 302 between the left 298ls pin seat and the right 298rs pin seat includes one left 298lf and one right 298lf guide surface. The at least one receiving groove 298 preferably has a mirror-symmetrical structure, the mirror plane running through the axis of rotation 224. The clamping element 246 is preferably pretensioned by means of a spring arrangement 304 such that the pins 300l, 300r rest in the respective pin seats 298ls, 298rs. If two clamping elements 246 are provided, the spring arrangement 304 preferably couples the two clamping elements 246 to one another.

The surface element 296, the at least one clamping element 246 and the control element 240 are elements of a centrifugal clutch and a blocking device of the securing device 202. The braking device 206, in particular the friction surfaces 232r, 232l, is / are separate from elements of the centrifugal clutch and / or the blocking device 208, in particular spaced apart and / or separately from movable elements of the centrifugal clutch and preferably stationary with respect to a coupling point 278 designed as a through hole.

The coupling point 278 is preferably formed in the base element 204, and thus stationary with respect to the base element 204, which also preferably carries the axis of rotation 224 or a shaft defining the axis of rotation 224 such that the axis of rotation 224 is stationary with respect to the base element 204. This can be achieved in particular in that the shaft defining the axis of rotation 224 is designed to be stationary and / or non-rotatable with respect to the base element 204. A shaft designed to be non-rotatable with respect to a base element is to be understood as a shaft which cannot rotate with respect to the base element. The shaft defining the axis of rotation 224 preferably rotatably supports the cable pulley 214. The axis of rotation 224 or the shaft defining the axis of rotation 224 is preferably arranged stationary with respect to the base element 204.

If the pins 300l, 300r are in the respective pin seats 298ls, 298rs, see above the blocking device 208 is in a freewheeling state, in which it allows the movement of the cable pulley 214.

If the rope pulley 214 suddenly begins to turn in the direction of the arrow W, so that the acceleration of the rope pulley 214 (as a movement parameter of the rope pulley) lies outside the predetermined safety range of the acceleration assigned to the acceleration (as a result of which there is a securing case), then one grips from the inertia of the at least one clamping element 246 resulting force F (indicated by arrows in Fig. 7 ) via pin 300r in the opposite direction W to the right guide surface 298rf. Since the guide surface 298rf is inclined to a radial direction R, and thus a component of the force F along the right guide surface 298rf points to the outer circumference of the cable pulley 214, the pin 300r slides along the right guide surface 298rf towards the outer circumference of the surface element 296. As soon as the pin 300r passes a flattened portion 306 of the support arrangement 302 in its movement to the outer circumference of the surface element 296, the coupling element 246 moves essentially counter to the direction of rotation W until the pin 300l strikes in the blocking region 298lb. This movement of the clamping element 246 can be supported by an interaction of the at least one stop element 262 with the control element 240. As soon as the pin 300l comes to rest in the blocking area 298lb, the inertia force drives the pin 300r to the outer peripheral area 298out (possibly supported by the interaction of the at least one stop element 262 with the control element 242), so that essentially a state exists in which both Pins 300l, 300r rest on the outer circumferential region 298out and the pin 300r in a radial direction above which the flat 306 lies.

On the other hand, if the speed of rotation of the cable pulley 214 increases gradually, a centrifugal force drives the at least one clamping element 246 in the direction of the outer circumference of the surface element 296 until both pins 300l, 300r on the outer circumferential region 298out of the receiving groove 298 attacks. This centrifugal force is counteracted by the force exerted by the spring arrangement, so that both pins 300l, 300r only strike the receiving groove 298 at the outer circumferential region 298out when the speed of rotation of the rope pulley 214 exceeds a limit speed, and thus outside of that assigned to the speed of rotation (as a movement parameter of the rope pulley) predetermined safety range of the rotational speed is (which is a backup case). If the stop element 262 then interacts with the control element 242, the pin 300l is moved in the blocking area 298lb, so that there is essentially a state in which both pins 300l, 300r are in contact with the outer circumferential area 298out and the pin 300r in a radial direction above that Flattening 306 lies.

For the process of coupling the at least one clamping element 246 to the control element 240, there can essentially be two cases: the case 1) that the limiting projection 274l coming first in the direction of rotation W rests on the circumferential surface of the surface element 296, or case 2) that the in the direction of rotation W as the second coming limiting projection 274r bears against the peripheral surface of the surface element 296.

In case 1), the first contact surface 264r abuts the stop surface 272l of the left-hand limiting projection 274l and since the pin 300l bears in the stop region 298lb and the at least one coupling element 246 does not refer to a radial direction of the surface element 296 due to the position of the pin 300r above the flat 306 can dodge towards the axis of rotation, the rotation (a movement) of the surface element 296, and due to the rotationally fixed connection of the surface element 296 with the cable pulley 214 also the cable pulley 214, is blocked without a stop element 262 passing the control element 240 since the occurrence of the securing case Has. The act of striking the first contact surface 264r (an interaction) against the stop surface 272l can be shown in FIG Fig. 7 indicated position of the pins 300l, 300r in relation to the blocking area 298lb and Ensure flat 306.

In the case 2), however, there is a situation in which the left limiting projection 274l is raised, a first stop element 288 passes the left limiting projection 274l and the first stop element 288 interacts with its cam section 266 and its contact surface 264r with the cam guide surface 276 (an interaction ), whereby the control element 240 is brought into a position such that a second stop element 290 strikes with its right contact surface 264r on the stop surface 272l of the left limiting projection 274l, whereby movement of the cable pulley 214 is blocked analogously to case 1).

If the surface element 296, and thus the rope pulley 214, is blocked and the first contact surface 264r bears against the stop surface 272l, then the movement of at least one clamping element (coupling element) 246 is blocked. If the blocking of the cable pulley 214 or the surface element 296 is released, then the blocking of the movement of the at least one clamping element (coupling element) 246 is also released. If the limiting projection 274l is moved so far in the direction of the surface element 296 that the contact surface 264r abuts the stop surface 272l, the control element 240 changes to its blocking position as soon as the contact surface 264r abuts the stop surface 272l and the blocking device 208 then into the Blocking position passes. If the left section 226l on the axis of rotation 224 is rotated counter to the direction Z, the control element 240 leaves its locked position, the blocking of the cable pulley 214 or the surface element 296 is released, as a result of which the
Locking the movement of the at least one clamping element (coupling element) 246 is released.

A blocking state of the blocking device 208 is present both at the end of the process described in case 1) and in case 2). In particular, the blocking state becomes at the latest during the movement of the second stop element in the area influenced by the control element 240 assumed that the blocking device assumes the blocking state independently of an actuation of the control element 240 before the cable receiving element 114 has passed through a predetermined movement section. In the locked state, the movement of the clamping element (coupling element) 246 relative to the base element 204 is blocked, since the control element 240 preferably establishes a force connection between the clamping element 246 and the base element 204 in the locked state via the shaft 286.

Regardless of the position of the control element 240 that can be influenced by the user, or any other influence by the user, the blocking state occurs after a backup event has occurred.

Analogously to the first embodiment, the function of the blocking device in the third embodiment can be interpreted in such a way that the control element 240 has the function of a pawl and accordingly the blocking device then comprises a pawl mechanism.

Insert the rope

To insert the rope, the partial element 226r of the ring-like element 226 is rotated (opened) in the direction of the arrow Z about the second axis 286, as a result of which a closure 308 between the right partial area 226r and the left partial area 226l is opened. At the same time, a closure 310 is opened on the other side between the left 226l and right 226r partial element of the ring-like element 226. Through these two openings, the rope can be threaded around the rope pulley into an inner region of the ring-like element 226 that is to be closed later. If the rope is threaded, the right-hand partial element 226r of the ring-like element 226 is rotated backwards (folded back) in the opposite direction Z, so that the two fasteners 308 and 310 are closed and the rope is no longer out of the interior of the ring-like element 226 can slide out. In this case, the belay device 202 can be in a state ready for belaying and the braking device 206 is preferably arranged essentially stationary to the coupling point 278. The axis 286 preferably prevents a rope loop from sliding out of the interior of the ring-like element 226, which has jumped out of the rope pulley 214. If the right-hand partial element 226r of the ring-like element 226 is pivoted downward on the axis 286, at least the closure 308, preferably the closures 308 and 310, serves to transmit force to the left-hand partial element 226l of the ring-like element 226. If the left-hand partial element 226l on the Pivoting the axis of rotation 268 downward, at least the closure 310, preferably the closures 308 and 310, serves to transmit the force to the right sub-element 226r.

An inserted rope can set the pulley 214 in motion.

Release of the blocked state

To release the blocking state, a reduction in the force in the power transmission chain from the blocking region 298lb to the pin 300l via the at least one clamping element 246, its stop element 262 and the limiting projection 274l is sufficient, so that the clamping element 246 is moved by the spring arrangement 304 such that the pins 300l, 300r slide back into the respective pin seats 298ls, 298rs, whereby the power transmission chain is interrupted, the blocking state is released and the blocking device changes to the freewheeling state. In the power transmission chain, the exact contact surfaces and any support of the pin 300r on the flat 306, if any, have been left out in order to increase the legibility.

• Herunterdrücken des Teilelements 226r, wodurch die Anlage der Kontaktfläche 264r an der Stoppfläche 272l des linken Begrenzungsvorsprungs 274l gelöst wird, indem die Stoppfläche 272l aufgrund der Drehung des Teilelements 226r um die Achse 286 nach oben gleitet und die oben beschriebene Kraftübertragungskette unterbrochen wird und das mindestens eine Klemmelement 246 durch die Federanordnung 304 derart bewegt wird, dass die Pins 300l, 300r wieder in die jeweiligen Pinsitze 298ls, 298rs zurückgleiten.
• Ziehen am Sicherungsende des Seils von dem Sicherungsgerät 202 weg, wodurch über die Anlage des Seils an dem Teilelement 226r das Teilelement 226r wie oben beschreiben heruntergedrückt wird und die oben beschriebene Kraftübertragungskette unterbrochen wird und das mindestens eine Klemmelement 246 durch die Federanordnung 304 derart bewegt wird, dass die Pins 300l, 300r wieder in die jeweiligen Pinsitze 298ls, 298rs zurückgleiten.
• Ziehen am Lastende des Seils zu dem Sicherungsgerät 202 hin, wodurch über die Anlage des Seils an der Seilrolle 214 und deren drehfeste Verbindung mit dem Flächenelement 296 die über die oben beschriebene Kraftübertragungskette anliegende Kraft soweit reduziert wird, dass die durch die Federanordnung 304 auf das mindestens eine Klemmelement 246 ausgeübte Kraft ausreicht, um das mindestens eine Klemmelement 246 derart zu bewegen, dass dessen die Pins 300l, 300r wieder in die jeweiligen Pinsitze 298ls, 298rs zurückgleiten.

The blocking state can be released in the following ways:

• Pushing the sub-element 226r down, causing the contact surface to abut 264r on the stop surface 272l of the left limiting projection 274l is released by the stop surface 272l sliding upward due to the rotation of the sub-element 226r about the axis 286 and the above-described power transmission chain being interrupted and the at least one clamping element 246 being moved by the spring arrangement 304 in such a way that pins 300l, 300r slide back into the respective pin seats 298ls, 298rs.
• Pulling at the securing end of the rope away from the securing device 202, whereby, as the rope is in contact with the partial element 226r, the partial element 226r is pressed down as described above and the power transmission chain described above is interrupted and the at least one clamping element 246 is moved by the spring arrangement 304 in such a way, that pins 300l, 300r slide back into the respective pin seats 298ls, 298rs.
• Pulling at the load end of the rope towards the securing device 202, whereby the force applied via the force transmission chain described above is reduced to such an extent that the force applied by the spring arrangement 304 to the at least one by the abutment of the rope on the rope pulley 214 and its rotationally fixed connection to the surface element 296 a clamping element 246 applied force is sufficient to move the at least one clamping element 246 such that the pins 300l, 300r slide back into the respective pin seats 298ls, 298rs.

It should be noted that the last two points describe a change in the load at one end of the rope, which causes the clamping element 246 (coupling element) to be locked.

Although the function of the security device for a rotation in the direction W has been described, however, due to the symmetry properties of the structure of the security device 202, the function is also given analogously in the direction of rotation opposite to the direction W. Please note here that a rotation of one of the sub-elements 226l, 226r is transmitted to the other of the sub-elements 226l, 226r by means of at least one of the closures 308, 310.

In an embodiment not shown (in order to increase clarity, the reference numerals already used are also used below in this embodiment not shown), a housing section can be provided on the side of the cable pulley 2014 opposite the base element 204. The shaft 224 is preferably arranged in a rotationally fixed manner on the housing section and is rotatably mounted in the base element 204. In this embodiment, the two sub-elements 226l, 226r (first and second sub-element) of the ring-like element 226 are preferably rotatably mounted on an associated first and second rotation shaft, respectively, which replaces the rotation shaft 286, it being possible to think about the sub-element 226l to mount the first rotation shaft rotatably on the base element 204 and the sub-element 226r on the housing section via the second rotation shaft. In this case, the axes of rotation defined by the shaft 224 and the second rotation shaft are fixed relative to one another via the housing section. If one or both of the partial elements 226l, 226r are now rotated in such a way that the closures 308 and 310 open, the base element and the housing section can be rotated relative to one another, as a result of which the first rotation shaft is displaced with respect to the second rotation shaft and the ring-like element 226 is expanded becomes. The ring-like element 226 can in particular be opened apart by displacing and / or rotating the first partial element 226l and the second partial element 226r. A rope can be inserted particularly easily into this opened or more generally opened ring-like element 226, in particular through an opening in the ring-like element 226, which is created by the opening of the closure 308 or 310, or through the openings in the ring-like element 226, which through opening the closures 308 or 310 arise. The base member 204 can be as one further housing section can be viewed and the housing section described above can be regarded as a basic element in the sense of this application.

Fourth embodiment

A fourth embodiment of the present invention will now be described with reference to FIG Figures 8a to 8e , which is characterized in that the centrifugal clutch and the pawl mechanism of the securing device 402 comprise two sections, the first section of the centrifugal clutch coupling elements which leads to a blocking of the rope pulley when an acceleration or a speed of a rope pulley in one is exceeded first direction of rotation of the rope pulley (there is a securing case), and does not cause coupling of elements leading to a blocking of the rope pulley, if the rope pulley has a second direction of rotation opposite to the first direction of rotation, even if there is a securing case when the rope pulley rotates in the second direction of rotation ; and the second section of the centrifugal clutch causes a coupling of elements, which leads to a blocking of the rope pulley, when an acceleration or a speed of the rope pulley in the other direction of rotation of the rope pulley is exceeded (in the event of a securing event) and no coupling leading to a blocking of the rope pulley Elements causes when the rope pulley has the first direction of rotation, even if there is a backup case when the rope pulley rotates in the first direction of rotation.

Fig. 8a shows a belay device 402, the construction of which is similar to that of belay device 202, but differs in the centrifugal clutch and the control element. Corresponding parts of the security device 202 are provided with the same reference symbols in the security device 402. How the belay works 402 is to be emphasized on the representation of a housing or a base element in the Figures 8a to 8e been waived.

In the following, only the centrifugal clutch and the control element are dealt with, the further elements and functions of the safety device 402 being able to correspond to those of the safety device 202. Modifications of elements of the backup device 202 of the third embodiment will be discussed separately.

Fig. 8a shows a first section of a centrifugal clutch of the securing device 402. The first section of the centrifugal clutch of the securing device 402 can comprise a locking recess 404 and at least one centrifugal weight 408 which is rotatably mounted on a shaft 406 and which is provided with a switching tooth 410. The centrifugal weight 408 can be via an elastic element, for example a spring 412 (for overview only in Fig. 8a indicated) to be biased towards a rest position. In the rest position, there is a freewheeling state and the cable pulley 214 can rotate. The rest position can be defined by the fact that the centrifugal weight 408 bears against a abutting section 413, which is designed, for example, as a bolt or an elevation. The blocking recess 404 and the shaft 406 are each arranged in a stationary manner with respect to the rope pulley 214 (the rope receiving element). A locking device of the securing device 402 comprises the centrifugal clutch and the rope pulley 214 as a rope receiving element. The rope pulley 214 is rotatably mounted on a shaft 224.

Furthermore, the first section of the centrifugal clutch preferably has a control element 416, which can be rotatably mounted on the shaft-like element 226 on a shaft 414. Control 416 is preferably in one Fig. 8a Passive position shown biased, for example by a spring (not shown).

The control element 416 can be a jack 418 and / or one Control element stop surface 420 and / or a cam guide surface 422 and / or a Umschaltzahnanschalgfläche 424. The ring-like member 226 may be modified to have a control abutment mating surface 426. The ring-like element 226 is preferably pivotally mounted on the shaft 414. Accordingly, the blocking device can thus comprise a ratchet mechanism.

The second section of the centrifugal clutch is on the in Fig. 8a The rear of the rope pulley 214, not shown, is arranged and is preferably constructed with mirror symmetry to the first section of the centrifugal clutch with respect to a plane through the centers of the shaft 414 and the shaft 224, which are fixed relative to one another, in order to provide the same functionality (with the components rotating in the opposite direction) to have a W opposite direction of rotation of the pulley 214.

If the pulley 214 is rotated (moved) quickly enough in the direction W (first direction of rotation), the centrifugal force drives the centrifugal weight 408 against the force of the spring 412, preferably by rotating around the shaft 406, in particular in the direction S, into an active position, what a Fig. 8b is shown.

If the cable pulley 214 is accelerated fast enough in the direction W, the inertial force drives the centrifugal weight 408 against the force of the spring 412, preferably by rotating it around the shaft 406, in particular in the S direction Fig. 8b shown active position. In the active position, the centrifugal weight 408 bears against a stop element 434, whereby a further rotation of the centrifugal weight 408 in the direction S is prevented. The stop element 434 is designed to be stationary with respect to, and preferably connected to, the cable pulley 214.

If the flyweight 408 is in the active position, there is a safety case. If the centrifugal weight 408 is in the active position and the rope pulley 214 rotates further in the direction of W, it strikes Changeover tooth 410 on the changeover tooth surface 424 ( Fig. 8c ), which causes the control element 416 to rotate about the shaft 414 in the direction P, as a result of which the pawl 418 engages in the locking recess 404. Preferably, a flank 428 of the blocking recess 404 is inclined in a direction W in relation to a radial direction of the cable pulley 214, so that when the pawl 418 engages in the blocking recess 404, a state is reached in which the rotation (movement) of the cable pulley 214 is securely blocked, so that a locked condition exists, whereby the rotation of the rope pulley 214 is blocked (stopped) and the rope movement is stopped. A flank 430 of the pawl 418 (viewed in engagement with the locking recess 404) is preferably inclined opposite to the direction W, and in particular is complementary to the flank 428 of the locking recess 404.

At the same time, the control element stop surface 420 engages the control element stop counter surface 426, which causes the ring-like element 226 to rotate in the direction P. Furthermore, if the pawl 418 has engaged in the locking recess 404, the flyweight 408 can return to the rest position ( Fig. 8d ).

If the belayer presses the ring-like element 226 opposite to the direction P when a securing event is present, the control element stop surface 420 engages the control element stop counter surface 426 and the movement in the direction W of the switching tooth 410 is stopped, which occurs due to the bearing of the centrifugal weight 408 on the stop element 434 Stopping the rope pulley 214 results and is also to be regarded as a locked state. One of the blocking states thus occurs regardless of the influence of a belayer.

Now turns this into Fig. 8d In the position shown, the ring-like element 226 rotates opposite to the direction P by attacking a belayer, or pulling down on a belaying end of a rope 432, the control element 416 rotates around the shaft 414 in the opposite direction Direction P based on the attack of the control element abutment surface 426 on the control element abutment surface 420. As a result, what may be accompanied by a rotation of the cable roller 214 opposite to the direction W, the engagement of the pawl 418 in the locking recess 404 is released and the cable roller 214 can rotate again. If the tension at the load end of the rope 432 is released or reduced, the pretensioning of the control element 416 into its passive position or a rotation of the rope pulley 214 opposite to the direction W (for example by pushing with the rope) can be sufficient to engage the pawl 418 to release into the locking recess 404, as in Fig. 8e shown. If the engagement of the pawl 418 in the locking recess 404 is released, the freewheeling state is again present.

Pulling at the fuse end or reducing / releasing the voltage at the fuse end can be understood as load changes.

If the centrifugal weight 408 is in the active position during a rotation of the rope pulley 214 opposite the direction W (for example due to a centrifugal or inertial force), the switching tooth 410 strikes the cam guide surface 422 in the course of the rotation. The surface of the switching tooth 410 which abuts the cam guide surface 422 is preferably designed such that it is inclined or rounded in the direction W, for example, so that the abutment of the switching tooth 410 on the cam guide surface 422 causes the centrifugal weight 408 to move out of the active position, preferably a rotation about the shaft 406 triggers in the opposite direction S, whereby the switching tooth 410 can slide under the control element 416 in the opposite direction W.

Based on the mirror-symmetrical construction of the second section of the centrifugal clutch, this has the same functionality for the W opposite direction of rotation of the cable pulley 214 as the first section of the Centrifugal clutch for direction of rotation W.

If there is a speed or acceleration of the rope pulley 214 (movement parameters of the rope receiving element from a movement parameter set) above a limit value (outside a safety range of one of the movement parameters), so that there is a safety case, both the flyweight 408 of the first section of the centrifugal clutch and the one not shown are located Centrifugal weight of the second section of the centrifugal clutch in the active position. Depending on the direction of rotation of the cable pulley 214, either the pawl 418 engages in the locking recess 404 in the first section of the centrifugal clutch or the pawl engages in the locking recess in the second section of the centrifugal clutch. The movement of the rope pulley 214 is thus blocked, regardless of a direction of rotation and thus the direction of movement of the guided rope, whereupon movement of the rope is blocked. The movement of the cable pulley 214, since a cooperation of the switching tooth 410 with the switching tooth flange 424 preferably moves the pawl 418 directly into the locking recess 404, is therefore stopped at the latest after a rotation of the cable pulley 214 by 360 °, since then at the latest Blocking device has assumed the blocking state.

The first section of the centrifugal clutch and the second section of the centrifugal clutch are preferably functionally independent of one another. This is understood to mean, for example, that, for example, if the control element, here the control element preferably means the entire one-piece material section connected to the control element, the one (first or second) section of the centrifugal clutch is missing or defective, the function of the other section the centrifugal clutch remains unaffected. The same can be said for the blocking recess and / or the centrifugal weight of one section of the Centrifugal clutch apply, whereby in particular the centrifugal weight preferably means the entire one-piece material section connected to the centrifugal weight.

Claims (15)

1. Belay device (2; 102; 202) comprising a locking apparatus (8; 108; 208),

   wherein the locking apparatus (8; 108; 208) comprises a movable rope holding element (12, 14; 112, 114; 212, 214) which is designed to be moved by a rope (16; 116; 432) being held on it,

   the locking apparatus (8; 108; 208) being designed to lock movement of the rope holding element (12, 14; 112, 114; 212, 214) in a locked state and to allow movement of the rope holding element (12, 14; 112, 114; 212, 214) in a free-running state, the locking apparatus (8; 108; 208) changing from the free-running state to the locked state when a safety event occurs, the locking apparatus (8; 108; 208) further having a control element (40; 240), the actuation of which in the locked state causes the locking apparatus (8; 108; 208) to change to the free-running state,

   characterised in that, as soon as the safety event occurs, the locking apparatus (8; 108; 208) assumes the locked state independently of any actuation of the control element (40; 240), in particular by a belayer, before the rope holding element (12, 14; 112, 114; 212, 214) has run through a predetermined movement section.
2. Belay device (2; 102; 202, 402) according to claim 1, further comprising a braking apparatus (6; 106; 206), wherein the safety event occurs when a movement parameter of the movement of the rope holding element (12, 14; 112, 114; 212, 214) from a movement parameter set lies outside a predetermined safety range of the movement parameter assigned to this movement parameter,
   the braking apparatus (6; 106; 206) being designed to brake the movement of the rope (16; 116) irrespective of the rope movement direction.
3. Belay device (2; 102; 202; 402) according to claim 2, characterised in that the movement parameter set comprises a speed and/or an acceleration as movement parameters of the movement of the rope holding element (12, 14; 112, 114; 212, 214).
4. Belay device (2; 102; 202; 402) according to claim 2 or claim 3, characterised in that the locked state occurs independently of the influence of a belayer.
5. Belay device (2; 102) according to one of claims 2 to 4, further comprising a base element (4),

   wherein the rope holding element (12, 14; 112, 114) is configured as a rope pulley (14; 114) which is mounted to be rotatable relative to the base element (4), and

   wherein the locking apparatus (8; 108) comprises a centrifugal clutch (10) comprising a rotor (44), a clamping element (46) and a coupling element (48), wherein the rope pulley (12, 14; 112, 114) is configured on or coupled to the rotor (44) in such a way that rotation of the rope pulley (12, 14; 112, 114) causes the rotor (44) to rotate, and

   wherein, in the locked state, the rotor (44) is coupled to the coupling element (48) via the clamping element (46) and/or wherein, in the locked state, the coupling element is prevented from moving relative to the base element.
6. Belay device (2; 102; 202; 402) according to one of claims 2 to 5,
   characterised in that
   at least one movement parameter from the movement parameter set is assigned a predetermined safety range, which comprises the values of at least one movement parameter characterising a movement of the rope holding element (12, 14; 112, 114; 212, 214) in a first direction, and which comprises the values of at least one movement parameter characterising a movement of the rope holding element (12, 14; 112, 114; 212, 214) in a second direction, the second direction being different to the first direction.
7. Belay device (2; 102; 202; 402) according to one of claims 2 to 6, characterised in that the braking apparatus (6; 106; 206) is configured separately from the locking apparatus (8; 108; 208).
8. Belay device (2; 102; 202; 402) according to one of claims 2 to 7,
   wherein the braking apparatus (6; 106; 206) is designed in the free-running state to brake the movement of the rope (16; 116; 432) irrespective of the rope movement direction.
9. Belay device (2; 102; 202; 402) according to one of claims 2 to 8,
   wherein the braking apparatus (6; 106; 206), with the belay device (2; 102; 202; 402) in a state ready for belaying, is arranged so as to be substantially stationary relative to a coupling point (78; 178; 278) of the belay device provided for coupling to an external belay point.
10. Belay device (2; 102; 202; 402) according to one of claims 2 to 9, wherein the braking apparatus (6; 106; 206) comprises at least one friction surface (32r, 321; 232r, 2321), preferably two friction surfaces (32r, 321; 232r, 2321), for braking the rope (16; 116; 432).
11. Belay device (2; 102; 202; 402) according to one of claims 2 to 10, wherein the braking apparatus (6; 106; 206) is configured as an annular element (26; 126; 226).
12. Belay device (2; 102; 202; 402) according to one of claims 2 to 11, characterised in that the braking apparatus (6; 106; 206) is designed so that it can be flipped open in order to insert a rope (16; 116; 432) in the belay device (2; 102; 202; 406).
13. Belay device (2; 102; 202; 402), according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising a braking apparatus (6; 106; 206),
    wherein the braking apparatus (6; 106; 206) is designed to brake a movement of the rope (16; 116; 432),
    the locking apparatus (8; 108; 208) being configured in such a way that a load change at one end of the rope (84r, 841; 184r, 1841) effects a transition from the locked state to the free-running state.
14. Belay device (2; 102; 202; 402) according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising a braking apparatus (6, 26; 106, 126; 206),

    wherein the locking apparatus (8; 108; 208) comprises a centrifugal clutch (10), and

    wherein the braking apparatus (6, 26; 106, 126; 206) is configured separately from movable parts of the centrifugal clutch (10).
15. Belay device (2; 102; 202; 402) according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising

    a base element (4) and

    a coupling point (78; 178; 278) provided for coupling to an external belay point,

    wherein the rope holding element (12, 14; 112, 114) is configured as a rope pulley (14; 114, 214) which is mounted to be rotatable relative to the base element (4), and

    wherein the coupling point (78; 178; 278) is configured to be stationary in relation to the base element (4), and

    a rotational axis (24, 224) of the rope pulley (14; 114, 214) is configured to be stationary in relation to the base element (4).

Images