EP3088661A1 - Ermüdungsüberwachung in einem dampfturbinenrotor - Google Patents

Ermüdungsüberwachung in einem dampfturbinenrotor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3088661A1
EP3088661A1 EP15165441.5A EP15165441A EP3088661A1 EP 3088661 A1 EP3088661 A1 EP 3088661A1 EP 15165441 A EP15165441 A EP 15165441A EP 3088661 A1 EP3088661 A1 EP 3088661A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rotor
rotary machine
monitor
monitor portion
casing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP15165441.5A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Markus Jöcker
Henrik Samuelsson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to EP15165441.5A priority Critical patent/EP3088661A1/de
Publication of EP3088661A1 publication Critical patent/EP3088661A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/005—Repairing methods or devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D21/00—Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for
    • F01D21/003—Arrangements for testing or measuring
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00—Function
    • F05D2260/80—Diagnostics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00—Function
    • F05D2260/94—Functionality given by mechanical stress related aspects such as low cycle fatigue [LCF] of high cycle fatigue [HCF]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2270/00—Control
    • F05D2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
    • F05D2270/332—Maximum loads or fatigue criteria

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a rotor of a rotary machine, in particular a steam turbine, including a device for monitoring or detecting damages due to thermal fatigue.
  • the present invention relates to a method for monitoring or detecting damages due to thermal fatigue in a rotor of a rotary machine, in particular a steam turbine.
  • the thermal load in such situations constitutes a combination of creep and low cycle fatigue of the material which constitutes the rotor.
  • the creep is caused by long term operation at high temperatures with strained material
  • the low cycle fatigue is caused by regular high peaks of material strains when the turbine is loaded and unloaded. Cracks in the material are initiated in the highly strained regions when a certain limit of load cycles is exceeded. This limit depends on the magnitude of the strain peaks (strain range), the passed duration of high temperature operation (creep) and the local material properties.
  • the strain range itself is not only dependent on the thermal conditions provided by the steam flow, but also on the local geometry.
  • Main geometry parameters are the material thickness, i.e. the diameter of the rotor itself and radii of the notches, which cause local stress and strain concentrations.
  • a solution to the above problem has been provided by specifying an allowed number of load cycles based on theoretical fatigue calculations and evaluations. After this number has been defined, some turbines are equipped with a life time counter, which indicates the theoretically consumed life time, i.e. cycles, based on operation data.
  • the main inconvenient of this method is that it needs to be conservative in order to ensure integrity of the components during the design life time.
  • a further solution is that of periodically inspecting the rotor for identifying cracks. However, only already initiated cracks can be detected, close-to-crack situations are instead impossible to determine by means of inspection.
  • a rotary machine in particular a steam turbine, including a rotor of the type above specified and a method for monitoring fatigue in a rotor, which may be capable to achieve, with respect to the prior art, an improved level of confidence in determining the residual available life time of the rotor.
  • a rotor for a rotary machine includes a monitor portion, which is designed for being exposed during operations to a maximum strain range, and at least one operating portion subject to being coupled or covered during operations by another component of the rotary machine, wherein such monitor portion is adjacent to or distanced from the at least one operating portion.
  • a rotary machine in particular a steam turbine, includes a rotor and at least one of:
  • a method for monitoring fatigue in a rotor of a rotary machine comprising the step of:
  • the technical solution provided by this invention foresees to design the rotor such that highest thermal stress due to load cycling occurs on a location which is easy to monitor for crack initiation.
  • the maximum thermal stress in the rotor is not increased by the monitoring portion.
  • the chosen location is not critical regarding other loads, i.e. it is sufficiently remote from operating locations, so that crack initiation will not pose a risk for further operation.
  • the detection of a crack initiation in the monitor location may, according to a possible implementation of the method of the present invention, demand more careful operation until an overhaul of the rotor has mitigated the fatigue issue.
  • the present invention can be particularly used to monitor damages caused by low cycle fatigue. This allows a more rapid load cycling, thus providing capability for faster starts of steam turbines equipped with this invention.
  • the operating portion is one of:
  • the monitoring portion is placed immediately adjacent to or distanced from one of the above described operating portion.
  • the monitor portion of the rotor is provided:
  • the casing of the steam turbine and the monitor portion are both connected to the same main supply of steam.
  • this allows the monitor portion and the operating portion to be subject to the same thermal source, i.e. the steam entering the steam turbine.
  • the monitor portion comprises at least a notch.
  • such geometry allows concentrating the thermal stress on a notch, i.e. on a very limited and controlled portion of the rotor, which is would be also the point where a crack would preferably initiate.
  • the monitor portion comprises one or more grooves.
  • such geometry allows concentrating the thermal stress on a groove, i.e. on a very limited and controlled portion of the rotor, which is would be also the point where a crack would preferably initiate.
  • FIGS 1 and 2 schematically show a rotary machine 10 constituted by a steam turbine.
  • the steam turbine 10 comprises a rotor 1, which in operation rotates about a rotation axis X, and a casing 60, at least partially housing the rotor 1.
  • the rotor 1 comprises at least a bearing portion 20 (two bearing portions 20 in the embodiment of figure 1 at two opposite ends of the rotor 1, respectively) to which one or more bearings 21 are internally coupled.
  • the bearings 21 support the rotation of the rotor 1 about its rotary axis X.
  • the rotor 1 further comprises a free end portion 50 protruding from the casing 60 and including a first bearing portion 20.
  • the free end portion 50 of the rotor 1 is not present, i.e. the rotor 1 does not comprise any portion protruding from the casing 60 and the bearings 21 of the first bearing portion 20 are adjacent to the casing 60 or interposed between the rotor 1 and the casing 60.
  • the rotor 1 comprises a momentum end portion 52, opposite to the free end portion 50, where the momentum generated by the steam turbine 10 is externally transmitted, for example for generating electricity by means of a connection with an electrical generator.
  • a second bearing portion 20 is provided at the momentum end portion 52.
  • the second bearing portion 20 comprises one or more bearings 21, between the rotor 1 and the casing 60, for supporting the rotation of the rotor 1 at the momentum end portion 52.
  • Adjacent to the second bearing portion 20 a seal 31 is provided for preventing the steam flowing in the turbine 10 to exit the casing 60.
  • the rotor further comprises:
  • the sealing portion 30, the seals 31, the intermediate portion 35, the blade portion 40 and the blades 41 are housed inside the casing 60.
  • the casing 60 further comprises a connection to a main supply of steam 70, from which a flow of steam enters the steam turbine 10 to be directed towards the blades 41.
  • the flow of steam causes the blades 41 and the rotor 1 to rotate about the rotation axis X, thus generating the momentum at the momentum end 52 of the rotor 1.
  • the sealing portion 30 and the blade portion 40 are difficult to be reached and inspected by an operator of the steam turbine 10, because they are covered by the seals 31 and the blades 41, respectively. Even if these portions of the rotor 1 may be the most thermally stressed, it is therefore impossible or difficult to identify on them the occurrence of a thermal fatigue damage, for example a crack of significant magnitude due to low cycle fatigue.
  • the rotor 1 further includes a monitor portion 100 which is designed for being exposed during operations to a maximum strain range.
  • the monitor portion 100 is adjacent to or distanced from the operating portions, 30, 40, which are subject to being coupled or covered during operations by another component 31, 41 of the steam turbine 10.
  • the operating portions are constituted by the sealing portion 30 and the blade portion 40, which are respectively coupled or covered by the seals 31 and the blades 41.
  • the operating portions may be different.
  • the present invention characterizes itself for the fact that the monitoring portion 100, further to be designed to for being exposed during operations to a maximum strain range, is also placed not in coincidence with the above defined operating portion.
  • inspection holes 90 are provided on the casing 60 for visually inspecting the monitoring portions 100 of the rotor 1, i.e. in correspondence between the two seals 31 of said sealing portions 30 and /or in the intermediate portion 35.
  • the monitor portion 100 is also possibly located on the end portion 50.
  • the steam machine 10 comprises a connection 80 between the end portion 50 of the rotor 1 and the main supply of steam 70, in order that also the monitor portion 100 on the end portion 50 is subject to the same thermal load condition of at least one of the other portions, 30, 35, 40 of the rotor 1.
  • the steam flowing from the main supply 70 to the end portion 50 is then re -injected inside the casing 60 through the recirculation piping 81.
  • the recirculation piping 81 is not present and the steam flowing in the connection 80 towards the end portion 50 is therefore lost.
  • the rotor 1 comprises three monitor portion 100 in three different locations, i.e. at the free end portion 50, between the seals 31 and in the intermediate portion 35, between the sealing portion 30 and the blade portion 40.
  • monitor portions 100 may be present, for example only one at the free end portion 50.
  • monitor portion 100 With reference to figures 2 to 4 , three different possible embodiments of a monitor portion 100 are shown.
  • the monitor portion 100 is defined by a portion 101 of the rotor 1 having a greater diameter with respect to the adjacent portion.
  • two notches 110, 111 are respectively defined. This allows concentrating the thermal stress on the notches 110, 111, i.e. on a very limited and controlled portion of the rotor 1, which is would be also the point where a crack would preferably initiate.
  • the monitor portion 100 comprises a stress relief groove 120 in the intermediate portion 35.
  • the stress relief groove 120 may also be positioned, according to other respective embodiments of the invention, between the seals 31 or end portion 50 of the rotor 1.
  • the stress relief groove 120 allows concentrating the thermal stress on a very limited and controlled portion of the rotor 1, which is would be also the point where a crack would preferably initiate.
  • the monitor portion 100 comprises a first bigger groove 120 and a second smaller groove 121, inside the first groove 120.
  • This allows concentrating the thermal stress on a very limited and controlled portion, i.e. on the smaller groove 121, which is would be also the point where a crack would preferably initiate.
  • the latter embodiment is preferably used outside the casing 60, on the end portion 50 of the rotor 1, to avoid that the smaller groove 121 may mechanical weaken the rotor 1.
  • such portions 100 can be periodically monitored, at least up to when a crack is generated.
  • the accessibility of the monitor portions 100 allow supervising the crack growth in order to determine a correspondent fatigue level, i.e. a residual available life time of the rotor.
  • Corrective actions may be taken, for example overhauling of the rotor.
  • the present invention provides an improved confidence, with respect to low cycle fatigue, in operating the rotary machine 10. This will allow more rapid load cycling, i.e. faster starts of the machine.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Testing Of Devices, Machine Parts, Or Other Structures Thereof (AREA)
EP15165441.5A 2015-04-28 2015-04-28 Ermüdungsüberwachung in einem dampfturbinenrotor Withdrawn EP3088661A1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP15165441.5A EP3088661A1 (de) 2015-04-28 2015-04-28 Ermüdungsüberwachung in einem dampfturbinenrotor

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP15165441.5A EP3088661A1 (de) 2015-04-28 2015-04-28 Ermüdungsüberwachung in einem dampfturbinenrotor

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3088661A1 true EP3088661A1 (de) 2016-11-02

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EP15165441.5A Withdrawn EP3088661A1 (de) 2015-04-28 2015-04-28 Ermüdungsüberwachung in einem dampfturbinenrotor

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114396317A (zh) * 2021-12-01 2022-04-26 上海发电设备成套设计研究院有限责任公司 核电汽轮机多目标多维度在线联合监控方法及系统

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3588265A (en) * 1968-04-19 1971-06-28 Westinghouse Electric Corp System and method for providing steam turbine operation with improved dynamics
US3995968A (en) * 1974-12-24 1976-12-07 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Turbine rotor disc having ultrasonic inspection surface thereon
JPS54117801A (en) * 1978-03-03 1979-09-12 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Device for monitoring fatigue of rotary shaft
JPS58195110A (ja) * 1982-05-10 1983-11-14 Toshiba Corp 大形回転体の寿命監視方法
EP1577492A1 (de) * 2004-03-16 2005-09-21 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Erkennen des Zustands des Rotors einer Strömungsmaschine
CH701914A1 (de) * 2009-09-30 2011-03-31 Alstom Technology Ltd Dampfturbine mit Entlastungsnut am Rotor im Bereich des Schubausgleichskolbens.
DE102011090036B3 (de) * 2011-12-28 2012-10-18 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Messanordnung und Messverfahren für eine Turbine
US20120294704A1 (en) * 2011-05-18 2012-11-22 General Electric Company System and turbine including creep indicating member

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3588265A (en) * 1968-04-19 1971-06-28 Westinghouse Electric Corp System and method for providing steam turbine operation with improved dynamics
US3995968A (en) * 1974-12-24 1976-12-07 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Turbine rotor disc having ultrasonic inspection surface thereon
JPS54117801A (en) * 1978-03-03 1979-09-12 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Device for monitoring fatigue of rotary shaft
JPS58195110A (ja) * 1982-05-10 1983-11-14 Toshiba Corp 大形回転体の寿命監視方法
EP1577492A1 (de) * 2004-03-16 2005-09-21 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Erkennen des Zustands des Rotors einer Strömungsmaschine
CH701914A1 (de) * 2009-09-30 2011-03-31 Alstom Technology Ltd Dampfturbine mit Entlastungsnut am Rotor im Bereich des Schubausgleichskolbens.
US20120294704A1 (en) * 2011-05-18 2012-11-22 General Electric Company System and turbine including creep indicating member
DE102011090036B3 (de) * 2011-12-28 2012-10-18 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Messanordnung und Messverfahren für eine Turbine

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114396317A (zh) * 2021-12-01 2022-04-26 上海发电设备成套设计研究院有限责任公司 核电汽轮机多目标多维度在线联合监控方法及系统

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