EP3082147A1 - Method for producing a securing pipe and a high-voltage fuse - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for producing a fuse tube (1) for a high-voltage fuse (2), in particular for use in the voltage range from 3.6 kV and / or at Nenhströmen above 80 A, wherein the securing tube (1) has a tubular, inorganic Material-made inner insulating body (3) and on the insulating body (3) applied outer reinforcement (4) made of a, in particular stable flexible plastic material.

Description

The present invention relates to a method for producing a fuse tube for a high-voltage fuse, which is intended in particular for use in the voltage range from 3.6 kV and / or rated currents above 80 A, and a method for producing such a high-voltage fuse. Furthermore, the invention relates to a fuse tube for a high-voltage fuse, which is intended in particular for use in the voltage range from 3.6 kV and / or rated currents above 80 A, and a high-voltage fuse of the aforementioned type as such.

In order to protect electrical systems from fault currents, fuses are generally used. These are connected in series with the circuits to be protected and consist essentially of a particular sand-filled insulating body with end-to-end contacts, which are connected by one or more internal fusible link. When a defined current above the rated current is exceeded, the fusible conductor is heated so much that it melts and the circuit is interrupted in this way.

Fuses of the aforementioned type exist for a wide range of power ranges. The present invention is particularly concerned with high voltage, high performance fuses, referred to briefly as HH fuses or generally high voltage fuses. In particular, the invention relates to high-voltage fuses, which are intended for use in the voltage range from 3.6 kV and / or rated currents above 80 A. Thus, high-voltage fuses of the aforementioned type, for example, in the voltage range of 24 kV from 200 A or in the voltage range greater than 24 kV from 80 A can be used.

Through their use for the transmission of large electrical power is provided in some high-voltage fuses in addition to a large applied voltage and the operation at relatively high electrical load currents. High-voltage fuses are generally larger in size than generally designed low-voltage fuses. Especially at high transmitted power in the event of a short circuit occurs when triggering the fuse, that is, when through-melting of the fusible conductor, an internal arc, through which the current continues to flow. In order to achieve a rapid extinguishment of the arc, high-voltage fuses are filled with an insulating material, for example quartz sand, which absorbs metal vapor immediately after the interruption of the fusible conductor (s) and develops through the arc into an insulating sintered body.

In high-voltage fuse technology, fuse tubes for fuses and in particular for high-voltage fuses consist primarily of ceramic or plastic. Both materials have specific advantages and disadvantages that determine the proper shutdown of the fuse. When the fuse is disconnected, partial arcing occurs along the entire length of the fuse conductor. If the securing tube is made of a plastic, the partial arcs can release carbon from the tube wall at high currents. Then, a total arc can develop axially along the pipe inner wall and the fuse fails.

To avoid the present problem, the present invention relates to a securing tube with an inner tube of an inorganic, in particular ceramic material or glass material. Such a material behaves electrically neutral in the case of an arc contact. However, the resulting problem is that the inorganic material usually has an inflexible and brittle structure. Expansion of the filling material due to a change in the material due to crystalline processes as a result of the high temperatures when an arc occurs can therefore lead to destruction of the fuse due to rupture of the insulating body. A satisfactory interruption of the fault current is then no longer possible.

From the US-A-4,283,700 is a high-voltage fuse is known in which a ceramic inner tube is provided, on the outside of a ceramic outer tube is applied. The inner ceramic tube has a good heat conduction but a poor thermal shock resistance. The outer tube compensates for this with good thermal shock resistance. Since the two tubes are made of different materials, they are made in separate steps and then brought together. Because of the brittle behavior of the ceramic material of both the inner and the outer tube short-circuit shutdown in the case of large currents cause both tubes burst and the resulting arcing can cause significant damage.

To counteract the destruction of the fuse is from the German Pat. No. 679,328 a Löschpulvergefüllte fuse is known, in which the expansion of the filling material is compensated by an elastic layer of rubber bodies and air gaps between the filler material and the outer, ceramic insulator.

The object of the present invention is to avoid the disadvantages of the prior art and in particular to provide a securing tube and a high-voltage fuse, wherein a safe extinguishing of an arc is ensured even at high currents.

The above object is achieved according to the invention initially substantially solved by a method for producing a fuse tube for a high voltage fuse, especially for use in the voltage range from 3.6 kV and / or rated currents above 80 A, wdbei the fuse tube a tubular, made of inorganic material inner Having insulating body and an externally applied to the insulating outer reinforcement of one, in particular flexible stable plastic material. In this case, the insulating body and the outer reinforcement are inextricably linked.

By the aforementioned method, a securing tube is obtained in the form of a reinforced insulating tube, which already has both the necessary insulating properties and a high stability against mechanical deformation or forces occurring in view of a later use in a high-voltage fuse.

In the securing tube according to the invention, a material combination with an internal insulating body made of an inorganic material and an outside reinforcement made of the aforementioned plastic material is used. The inner insulating tube has very good insulating properties and serves in particular as an electrically neutral insulating section in the case of an arc contact. Occur in the case of high rated currents short circuits that lead to a breakage of the inner body at the shutdown, but a falling apart of the broken insulating tube and thus a release of the arc by the outer plastic reinforcement, which is permanently connected to the inner insulating, prevented. It is important in particular that the outer reinforcement is designed such that they absorb larger radial forces can, as the internal insulator, without breaking. Ultimately, the outer plastic reinforcement acts as a reinforcement of the inner tube, but without coming into contact with the arc.

The safety tube according to the invention has in a preferred embodiment, a particularly high stability to mechanical deformation, in particular when the reinforcement is applied to the outside of the insulating body over its entire length and in particular firmly connected to the outside of the insulating body.

It is particularly advantageous if the plastic material which is applied to the insulating body as a reinforcement is a fiber-reinforced material. In particular, suitable here are glass fiber and / or aramid fiber reinforced plastic materials. Especially with fiber-reinforced materials for reinforcement, the gain can absorb as applied to the insulator outer tube substantially higher radial forces or internal pressures, as the insulator, without a rupture of the reinforcement is to be feared. Finally, it is in reinforcements having a fiber reinforced plastic material, so that the outer jacket at occurring radially acting forces or internal pressures, which lead to a breakage / bursting of the insulator, do not lead to a bursting of the outer reinforcement, so that the gain holds the "fragmented" inner tube of the insulator together.

The application of the reinforcement on the insulating body to produce a solid composite is preferably carried out by means of a solid wrapping with appropriate adhesion, in particular in the filament winding method. This method is a common method, in particular to apply fibrous materials, such as glass fibers and / or aramid fibers, on cylindrical components. The fiber material is preferably wound in a cross-wise around the component like a coil. Alternatively, the reinforcement of the insulating body according to the invention can be effected by the application of a prepreg semifinished product, which is a fabric of preimpregnated fibers. Particularly preferred is a flexible mat made of fiber-reinforced, in particular glass fiber reinforced plastic (GRP) is used, which is characterized by a particularly good mechanical stability. It is also possible, moreover, to apply the reinforcement by encapsulation of the insulating on this.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, an inner cap is used for contacting one or more fusible elements, which is / are introduced in a later step, in particular on an insert in the securing tube or for contacting other, outer components, such as the contact cap, in the subsequent re-use for producing a high-voltage fuse as such.

By an end-side mechanical processing of the securing tube after the application of the reinforcement, this can be brought into a form from which it can be used without further ado for the production of a high-voltage fuse. For this purpose, at least in one end region of the securing tube whose outer diameter is reduced in particular by removing machining to later slide the inner cap and / or the outer contact cap, Preferably, the processing of the securing tube outside of the gain, since the gain can be processed much easier as the inner insulating tube.

The application of the inner cap and / or contact cap can be further facilitated by an end chamfering of the securing tube. The introduction of a preferably circumferential groove in the end region of the securing tube allows in a first preferred embodiment later a positive engagement of the inner cap, in particular with its outer peripheral edge, in the groove to form a particularly strong connection.

As an alternative to the mechanical processing of the fuse tube after applying the reinforcement to the insulating body, the insulating body itself, that is to say before the application of the reinforcement, can be machined if the material of the insulating body permits this. Ideally, then adjusts the subsequently applied reinforcement of the shape of the insulator, so that the shaping is maintained by the processing even with the securing tube.

By an inventive method for producing a high-voltage fuse, in particular for use in the voltage range from 3.6 kV and / or rated currents above 80 A, wherein the high-voltage fuse a tubular, made of an inorganic material, in particular ceramic material or glass material, inner insulating body, a On the insulator applied outer reinforcement of a plastic material and the end has an applied contact cap and wherein only after the application of the reinforcement on the insulating body, the contact cap is applied, ultimately, a high-voltage fuse can be provided in a simple and cost-effective manner. In the further course of production, a fuse conductor or the melt conductor having fusible conductor system according to the desired specification of the high-voltage fuse can be inserted into the fuse tube and, preferably, the fusible conductor electrically conductively connected to the inner cap.

In order to effect a rapid extinguishment of an arcing occurring when the high-voltage fuse is triggered, the cavity of the insulating body, preferably after the insertion of the fusible conductor, is filled with an electrically nonconducting material, wherein in particular a quartz-containing material is advantageous. Such a material removes a large amount of thermal energy from a burning arc, so that the arc is rapidly extinguished. In addition, a conversion of the crystalline structure of the quartz-containing material, as a result of which an electrically insulating sintered body is formed, which prevents a re-occurrence of an arc takes place.

The present invention is in addition to the manufacturing method described above, a securing tube for at least one contact cap having high voltage fuse of the aforementioned type, with a tubular inner insulating of an inorganic material, in particular a ceramic material or a glass material, and applied to the insulating outer reinforcement made of a plastic material. Preferably, the reinforcement extends over such a length of the insulating body, that the contact cap in the applied state, the reinforcement on the outside overlaps at least partially.

As already stated, a securing tube of the aforementioned type is characterized by a high mechanical stability and at the same time has a high dielectric strength required for an insulating tube of a high-voltage fuse. The outer plastic reinforcement ensures that even with a breakage of the inner tube whose fragments are held together, since the outer plastic reinforcement due to their more flexible structure can absorb much higher radially acting forces or internal pressures than the inner tube without bursting.

The resistance of the fuse tube is particularly high when the gain is formed as over the entire length of the insulating body extending outer sheath.

The tubular insulating body, which ultimately represents the inner tube consists, as stated previously, of an inorganic material, in particular a ceramic material or a glass material. Such an inorganic material has a relatively high thermal resistance and releases no conductive components when contacted with an arc. The insulating body in this context preferably has a single-layered construction.

The insulating body according to a first preferred embodiment, a wall thickness between 3 mm and 10 mm, preferably between 4.5 mm and 8.5 mm and more preferably between 6 mm and 7 mm.

Preferably, in connection with the plastic material according to the invention, the outer reinforcement, which is ultimately the outer tube, a fiber-reinforced plastic material is used. As a material for the reinforcement of the insulating body is particularly suitable a glass fiber reinforced plastic (GRP). An existing from GRP or at least GRP having reinforcement is characterized by an extremely high mechanical stability and is also highly temperature stable. In the same way, this also applies to a plastic that is reinforced by aramid fibers. Polyester or epoxy resin is preferably used as the matrix material or binder of the fiber-reinforced plastic. An alternative to fiber-reinforced plastic would be a thermoplastic material with high operating temperature, which can be processed, for example by spraying, or a thermoset. In an alternative embodiment of the securing tube according to the invention, therefore, the reinforcement has a thermoplastic and / or a duroplastic, or consists of; such a.

Although a multi-layer structure of the reinforcement is possible, this is preferably single-layered, but preferably multi-layered. As a result, the application of the gain on the insulating body and thus ultimately the production of the fuse tube as such is associated with a significantly lower cost. With a corresponding nature of the material used in the reinforcement sufficient stability of the securing tube is given even with such a single-layer structure.

With regard to the simplest possible application to the insulating body and the highest possible mechanical strength, the reinforcement is preferably formed as a closed layer. However, in an alternative embodiment of the present invention it is also conceivable, for example, for a coarse-meshed fabric, a network structure or similar, non-closed configurations of the reinforcement layer.

It is particularly advantageous for a further processing of the fuse tube according to the invention to a complete high-voltage fuse, if each end of an end region is provided with a reduced outer diameter. Ultimately, it is also about grinding the outer diameter at the ends to obtain a low diameter tolerance, a Groove and a Endfase. In particular, in the end region, the reinforcement is reduced in its layer thickness. Due to the reduced outer diameter, in a first preferred embodiment of the invention, a contact cap can be pushed onto the securing tube with an applied inner cap in such a way that a total of at least substantially flush course of the outer edge results along the securing. In a second preferred embodiment, a contact cap without inner cap is pushed onto the securing tube.

Although the end portions of the securing tube are preferably formed in a symmetrical manner, it is also possible for certain application situations that the end regions can be designed differently.

Preferably, the central region of the reinforcement between the end regions of the securing tube has an at least substantially constant layer thickness. In the case of an end-mounted fuse, the risk of bursting in the central area is greatest, so that the greatest possible and uniform stabilization of this area is advantageous.

The layer thickness of the reinforcement in the central region may be between 2 mm and 8 mm, preferably between 3 mm and 6 mm and more preferably between 3.5 mm and 4.5 mm. In the end region, the reinforcement preferably has a layer thickness between 0.5 mm and 4 mm, preferably between 1 mm and 3 mm and more preferably between 1.5 mm and 2.5 mm.

By a preferably circumferential groove, which is provided in particular in the central part of the end portion, a tight fit of a later applied Inner cap and / or contact cap by the possibility of achieving a positive connection.

The inner cap engages in particular with its outer peripheral edge at least partially in the groove form-fitting manner. Additionally or alternatively, however, the inner cap can also be frictionally and / or cohesively with the end region vierbunden.

In the case of a non-capped contact cap according to the above second preferred embodiment, the contact cap is preferably rolled directly into the groove. It is understood that in principle there are other ways to realize the positive connection between the contact cap and the fuse tube, for example by a magnet forming.

A chamfering of the reinforcement at the outside end of the end region makes it possible to easily set up the inner cap and / or the contact cap during assembly.

Preferably, the groove and the chamfer represent exceptions in the end region at least substantially constant layer thickness of the reinforcement.

The length of the end region may be between 30 mm and 60 mm, preferably between 40 mm and 50 mm and more preferably between 42 mm and 48 mm, and in particular is independent of the overall length of the securing tube, which may be between 180 mm and 600 mm.

The mentioned inner cap is used in a first preferred embodiment for producing an electrical contact between the inserted fusible conductor or a fusible conductor system and an outer contact cap when the fuse tube is ultimately mounted to a complete high-voltage fuse. It is understood that for this purpose, the inner cap is preferably made of an electrically conductive material. In particular, copper or copper alloys, for example, brass with different copper-zinc ratios, characterized in this regard by particularly advantageous properties.

In a second preferred embodiment without an inner cap, the fusible conductor or the fusible conductor system is electrically conductively connected directly to a pushed-on contact cap.

A fuse tube of the aforementioned type and having the properties described above can be used as a component for a high-voltage fuse, which in turn is also the subject of the present invention.

A high-voltage fuse of the aforementioned type generally has, in addition to a fuse tube according to the invention, an internal fusible conductor, or a fusible conductor system, in which the fusible conductor is carried by a wound body. The fusible conductor or the fusible conductor system is preferably surrounded in a high-voltage fuse according to the invention with an arc extinguishing agent, which at least substantially fills the cavity of the fuse tube. The arc extinguishing agent is in particular a quartz-containing material. Furthermore, the high-voltage fuse according to the invention has at each end a contact cap which serves for external contacting of the high-voltage fuse and which is connected on the inside via the inner cap in an electrically conductive manner to the fusible conductor.

Due to the use of a prefabricated securing tube made of an insulating body and an applied reinforcement, in a preferred embodiment of the high-voltage fuse according to the invention, the contact cap at least partially overlaps the reinforcement on the outside, since it is placed in the final process step.

In this case, the contact cap preferably engages over the end region of the securing tube processed in such a way that the result is an at least substantially flush course of the outer contour of the high-voltage fuse according to the invention.

The inner cap, which serves according to a first preferred embodiment of the production of the electrical contact between the contact cap and the inner fusible conductor, is also overlapped by the contact cap. There is thus a secure, electrically conductive, frictional connection between the contact cap and the inner cap.

Similar to the inner cap and the contact cap is frictionally, positively and / or cohesively placed on the end portion of the securing tube, so that there is a tight fit of the contact cap.

Other features, advantages and applications of the present invention will become apparent from the following descriptions of embodiments with reference to the drawings and the drawing itself. In this case, all descriptive and / or illustrated features, alone or in any combination, the subject of the present invention, regardless of their Summary in the claims or their dependency.

Fig. 1

eine schematische Schnittdarstellung einer ersten Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Sicherungsrohres,

Fig. 2

eine der Fig. 1 entsprechende Darstellung einer ersten Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Hochspannungssicherung,

Fig. 3

eine perspektivische, schematische Darstellung eines aufgeschnittenen Isolierkörpers mit aufgebrachter Verstärkung zur Herstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Sicherungsrohres,

Fig. 4

eine der Fig. 3 entsprechende Darstellung einer ersten Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Sicherungsrohres mit aufgesetzter Innenkappe,

Fig. 5

eine den Figuren 3 und 4 entsprechende Darstellung einer ersten Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Sicherungsrohres mit eingesetztem Schmelzleitersystem,

Fig. 6

eine den Figuren 3 bis 5 entsprechende Darstellung einer ersten Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Hochspannungssicherung,

Fig. 7

eine der Fig. 2 entsprechende Darstellung einer zweiten bevorzugten Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Hochspannungssicherung,

Fig. 8

eine schematische Darstellung des Sicherungsrohres aus Fig. 7 in axialer Ansicht,

Fig. 9

eine schematische Darstellung einer zweiten bevorzugten Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Sicherungsrohres in seitlicher Ansicht,

Fig. 10

eine schematische Darstellung des Sicherungsrohres aus Fig. 9 in axialer Ansicht,

Fig. 11

eine der Fig. 9 entsprechende Darstellung des Sicherungsrohres aus Fig. 9 mit aufgesetzter Kontaktkappe,

Fig. 12

einer der Fig. 10 entsprechende Darstellung des Sicherungsrohres aus Fig. 11,

Fig. 13

eine der Fig. 9 entsprechende Darstellung des Sicherungsrohres aus Fig. 11 mit eingesetztem Schmelzleitersystem,

Fig. 14

eine der Fig. 10 entsprechende Darstellung des Sicherungsrohres aus Fig. 13,

Fig. 15

eine der Fig. 9 entsprechende Darstellung einer zweiten bevorzugten Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Hochspannungssicherung,

Fig. 16.

eine der Fig. 10 entsprechende Darstellung der Hochspannungssicherung aus Fig. 15,

Fig. 17

eine perspektivische, schematische Darstellung des Sicherungsrohres aus Fig. 9,

Fig. 18

eine der Fig. 17 entsprechende Darstellung des Sicherungsrohres aus Fig. 11,

Fig. 19

eine der Fig. 17 entsprechende Darstellung des Sicherungsrohres aus Fig. 13 und

Fig. 20

eine der Fig. 17 entsprechende Darstellung der Hochspannungssicherung aus Fig. 15.

It shows

Fig. 1

a schematic sectional view of a first embodiment of a fuse tube according to the invention,

Fig. 2

one of the Fig. 1 corresponding representation of a first embodiment of a high-voltage fuse according to the invention,

Fig. 3

a perspective, schematic representation of a cut insulator with applied reinforcement for producing a fuse tube according to the invention,

Fig. 4

one of the Fig. 3 corresponding representation of a first embodiment of a fuse tube according to the invention with attached inner cap,

Fig. 5

a the FIGS. 3 and 4 corresponding representation of a first embodiment of a fuse tube according to the invention with inserted fusible conductor system,

Fig. 6

a the FIGS. 3 to 5 corresponding representation of a first embodiment of a high-voltage fuse according to the invention,

Fig. 7

one of the Fig. 2 corresponding representation of a second preferred embodiment of a high-voltage fuse according to the invention,

Fig. 8

a schematic representation of the fuse tube from Fig. 7 in axial view,

Fig. 9

a schematic representation of a second preferred embodiment of a fuse tube according to the invention in a side view,

Fig. 10

a schematic representation of the fuse tube from Fig. 9 in axial view,

Fig. 11

one of the Fig. 9 corresponding representation of the fuse tube from Fig. 9 with attached contact cap,

Fig. 12

one of Fig. 10 corresponding representation of the fuse tube from Fig. 11 .

Fig. 13

one of the Fig. 9 corresponding representation of the fuse tube from Fig. 11 with inserted fusible conductor system,

Fig. 14

one of the Fig. 10 corresponding representation of the fuse tube from Fig. 13 .

Fig. 15

one of the Fig. 9 corresponding representation of a second preferred embodiment of a high-voltage fuse according to the invention,

Fig. 16.

one of the Fig. 10 corresponding representation of the high-voltage fuse Fig. 15 .

Fig. 17

a perspective, schematic representation of the fuse tube Fig. 9 .

Fig. 18

one of the Fig. 17 corresponding representation of the fuse tube from Fig. 11 .

Fig. 19

one of the Fig. 17 corresponding representation of the fuse tube from Fig. 13 and

Fig. 20

one of the Fig. 17 corresponding representation of the high-voltage fuse Fig. 15 ,

In the Fig. 1 shown sectional view of a fuse tube 1 according to the invention for a in Fig. 2 illustrated in the same way high-voltage fuse 2 illustrates the principle two-layer structure of the fuse tube 1 from a tubular inner insulator 3 and an applied on the insulator 3 outer reinforcement 4. For better visibility of the end condition of the fuse tube 1 is in Fig. 1 dispensed with the representation of an end cap applied inner cap 5.

The Isollerkörper 3 has a tubular, that is substantially cylindrical, shape with a presently single-layered construction. With regard to a high arc resistance of the insulating body 3 consists of an inorganic material, in particular a ceramic or a glass material in question.

With a wall thickness of 6.5 mm in the present case gives the insulating body 3 the securing tube 1 sufficient for use as a high-voltage fuse 2 structural stability and rigidity.

As the second layer of the fuse tube 1, a reinforcement 4 is externally applied to the insulating body 3 circumferentially. In the present case, the reinforcement 4 is a GRP reinforcement, which was applied as a filament winding in a cross-layer. Glass fiber reinforced plastic (GRP) based on polyester and / or epoxy resin has a high mechanical stability in order to protect the insulating body 3 from bursting due to radially outward forces in its interior. In addition, GRP has a high temperature stability.

The gain 4 is at the in Fig. 1 shown embodiment applied to the insulating body 3 in one layer. On the basis of the different layer thickness of the reinforcement 4, end regions 6 of the securing tube 1 can be defined in this case, in which the securing tube 1 has a reduced outside diameter.

At the in Fig. 1 In the illustrated embodiment, the layer thickness of the reinforcement 4 in the end region 6 is at least substantially 2 mm.

Between the end regions 6, a central region 7 is provided, in which the reinforcement has an at least substantially constant layer thickness, which in the present case is 4 mm.

Even in the end regions 6, the reinforcement 4 has at least essentially a constant layer thickness, which, however, is lower than in the central region 7 due to mechanical processing. Exceptions to the aforementioned layer thickness are, for example, a groove 8 also introduced by mechanical processing and a chamfer 9 represents.

The groove 8 is formed as a circumferential groove with a circular arc-shaped profile. However, possible embodiments of the groove 8 include other profiles, such as a rectangular or a triangular profile. In addition, it is understood that according to the invention more than one groove 8 may be provided or the groove 8 may not be circumferential, but for example segmented or spirally formed.

The chamfer 9 of the reinforcement 4 is provided at the outer end of the end portion 6 and is used to facilitate pushing on a Fig. 4 Through the chamfer 9, the layer thickness of the reinforcement 4 at the end of the end region 6 in the present case over a length of 3 mm is reduced by 1 mm.

A reduction in the layer thickness of the reinforcement 4 also follows the transition 10 from the central region 7 to the end region 6, wherein the reinforcement 4 in the region of the transition 10 in the present case has a circular arc-shaped course. However, it is also possible, for example, for a straight-line oblique or a step-like reduction of the layer thickness.

The length of the end portion 6 of the securing tube 1 is in the embodiment shown here between 30 mm and 60 mm. It is preferably between 40 mm and 50 mm and more preferably between 42 mm and 48 mm.

The length of the end region 6 is in particular independent of the length of the securing tube 1, which is usually between 180 mm and 600 mm, depending on the final embodiment of the HH fuse.

Of the length of the fuse tube 1 is independent and the diameter of the fuse tube 1. In the in Fig. 1 the embodiment shown, the outer diameter of the securing tube 1 in the central region 7 is about 75 mm. With the aforementioned layer thickness of the reinforcement 4 and the wall thickness of the insulator 3 results in an inner diameter of about 54 mm. The outer diameter is thus dimensioned so that it corresponds to the usual standard dimensions, which is particularly advantageous for installation in standardized switchgear.

The embodiment of the fuse tube 1 according to the invention shown here has a high dimensional stability and low manufacturing tolerances. Its ovality is max. 1.0, its deflection 0.5%, and the non-tolerated dimensions result according to DIN 40680 medium.

Starting from a securing tube 1 in Fig. 1 can be described in subsequent process steps, which in the FIGS. 3 to 6 are shown for explanation, a high-voltage fuse 2 as shown in the Figures 2 and 6 produce.

After applying the reinforcement 4 on the insulating body 3 and corresponding processing of the end portions 6 is for producing a securing tube according to the invention 1 according to a first embodiment, each end an inner cap 5 on the reinforcement, i. pressed onto the reinforcement 4 and rolled in the groove 8, resulting in a positive connection of the inner cap 5 with the end portion 6 of the securing tube 1 by engagement of the inner cap 5 with its outer peripheral edge 11 into the groove 8. The inner cap 5 is curled inwardly to define the wall of the securing tube 1, i. of the insulating body 3 with the applied reinforcement 4, the end engages. In addition, the inner cap 5 is frictionally held on the end portion 6 of the securing tube 1. Alternatively or additionally, a cohesive connection, for example by gluing, is also possible.

By applying the inner cap 5 to the end portion 6, the securing tube 1 receives the in Fig. 4 illustrated form. In terms of storage, on the other hand, only the pure safety tubes 1, on the other hand, are preferred Fig. 3 respectively. Fig. 9 and 17 stored.

For the subsequent production of a high-voltage fuse 2 according to the invention, a fusible conductor system 12 is first introduced into the cavity 13 of the fuse tube 1. The fusible conductor system 12 has a carrier 14 which serves as a winding body for one or more fusible links 15.

Depending on the subsequent field of application of the high-voltage fuse 2 to be produced, fusible conductors 15 or fusible conductor systems 12 designed for different rated currents can be used, while an identical fuse tube 1 from one stock is used in each case.

For contacting is or are the fusible conductor 15, as in Fig. 5 shown, via a contact strip 16 by means of resistance welding to the inner cap 5, which in this case consists of copper or a copper alloy, electrically conductively connected.

In order to achieve a reliable, fast and permanent extinguishment of an arc in the event of fire, the cavity 13 of the fuse tube 1, after one side of the fuse tube 1 has been closed, in particular filled with a quartz-containing, granular arc extinguishing agent, the fusible conductor 15 and the fusible conductor system 12 surrounds. In a subsequent process step for producing the high-voltage fuse 2, a metallic contact cap 17 is placed on the still open end portion 6 of the fuse tube 1, whereby a complete, inventive high-voltage fuse 2 as shown in FIG Fig. 6 is obtained.

The contact cap 17 is pressed onto the inner cap 5 such that, in particular, a conductive closure results. For a tighter fit of the contact cap 17 may also be provided a positive and / or cohesive connection.

Since the contact cap 17 is placed in the final process step for producing the high-voltage fuse 2 on the end portion 6 of the fuse tube 1, wherein the fuse tube 1 already has a force applied to the insulating body 3 reinforcement 4, the contact cap 17 engages over the outside of the reinforcement 4 at least partially. A subsequent wrapping with a reinforcing material is omitted in a high-voltage fuse 2 in the context of the present invention.

The contact cap 17 engages over the inner cap 5, but otherwise only overlaps the end region 6 of the securing tube 1, resulting in an at least substantially flush course along the outer edge in the inventive high-voltage fuse 2 due to the reduced outer diameter of the securing tube 1 in its end region 6.

Fig. 7 shows a second embodiment of a high-voltage fuse according to the invention. This is basically similar in construction to the first embodiment, which is based on the Fig. 1 to 6 is described.

Also in the present case, a reinforcement 4 is applied to an insulating body 3, and there is a mechanical processing of the fuse tube 1 in the end region 6 instead. However, in the present embodiment, no inner cap 5 is provided. Instead, the contact cap 17 is rolled directly into the groove 8. The contact cap 17 is also shaped differently, namely at least substantially tubular and open end.

In Fig. 7 an inventive, one-sided closed fuse tube 1 is shown with inserted fusible conductor system 12 and applied contact caps 17, wherein the filled into the cavity 13 quartz sand is not shown for purposes of illustration. Accordingly, in the axial view according to Fig. 8 of the fuse tube 1 off Fig. 7 to recognize the introduced into the cavity 13 of the fuse tube 1 fuse conductor system 12.

The closing on the end only takes place in the last step (cf. Fig. 15, 16 . 20 ) in the manufacture of a high voltage fuse 2 using the fuse tube 1 in the embodiment shown here.

The necessary manufacturing steps are in the Fig. 9 to 16 in each case in lateral and axial view as well as in the Fig. 17 to 20 shown in a perspective sectional view, analogous to the Fig. 3 to 6 for a first preferred embodiment of the securing tube 1 according to the invention with an inner cap 5.

Also in the case of the second preferred embodiment, first a tubular insulating body 3 made of an inorganic material is wrapped with an outer reinforcement 4. Subsequently, the securing tube 1 is machined in its end regions 6 in such a way that the outer diameter is reduced and a groove 8 and a chamfer 9 are introduced ( Fig. 9, 10th . 17 ).

Subsequently, each end of a contact cap 17 is applied directly and in turn rolled into the groove 8, so that there is a frictional and positive connection of the contact cap 17 to the securing tube 1 ( Fig. 11, 12th . 18 ).

Subsequently, a fusible conductor system 12 is introduced with a carrier 14 and one or more fusible conductors 15 in the cavity 13 of the fuse tube 1 with applied contact caps 17. By means of a contact strip 16, an electrically conductive connection of the fusible conductor 15 to the contact cap 17, which serves for the external contacting of the high-voltage fuse 2 according to the invention, is produced. The contact strip 16 is in particular in the Fig. 14 and 19 recognizable.

After the cavity 13 surrounding the fusible conductor 15 has been sealed with an arc extinguishing agent, in particular with quartz sand, the high-voltage fuse 2 is finally closed at the end, i. at the contact caps 17, closed by a lid 18. The cover 18 may be frictionally, positively and / or materially connected to the contact cap 17.

For the two preferred embodiments of the inventive securing tube 1 discussed in detail here, as well as for all further embodiments which are the subject of the present invention, it is preferred that the securing tube 1 be stored without applied inner caps 5 and / or contact caps 17.

After applying the reinforcement 4 on the insulating body 3 and a mechanical processing in the end region 6, a securing tube 1 is erhalfien, which can be stored in stock without significant aging phenomena. The serving for contacting inner caps 5 and / or contact caps 17 are preferably applied shortly before the production of a high-voltage fuse 2 using the fuse tube 1, for example, to avoid the formation of electrically insulating oxide layers on the surface of the caps. <B> LIST OF REFERENCES: </ b> 1 fuse tube 10 crossing 2 High voltage fuse 11 outer edge 3 insulator 12 Fusible System 4 reinforcement 13 cavity 5 inner cap 14 carrier 6 end 15 fuse element 7 central area 16 Contact strips 8th groove 17 Contact cap 9 chamfer 18 cover

Claims (14)

Method for producing a fuse tube (1) for a high-voltage fuse (2), in particular for use in the voltage range from 3.6 kV and / or rated currents above 80 A, wherein the fuse tube (1) is a tubular, made of an inorganic material, in particular ceramic Material or glass material, manufactured inner insulating body (3) and on the insulating body (3) applied outer reinforcement (4) made of a, in particular flexible, stable plastic material. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that a fiber-reinforced, in particular glass fiber and / or aramid fiber reinforced plastic material is applied in particular on polyester and / or Epoxidhärzbasis as reinforcement (4) on the insulating body (3), in particular wherein the application in the filament Winding Method, by encapsulation and / or by applying a prepreg semifinished product, in particular in the form of a mat occurs. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the reinforcement (4) is applied to the outside of the insulating body (3) over its entire length, and / or that the insulating body (3), in particular before the application of the reinforcement (4). , and / or the securing tube (1), in particular after application of the reinforcement (4), end to reduce the outside diameter and / or to smooth the surface and / or to introduce a preferably circumferential groove (8) and / or to effect chamfering (9) is machined. Method for producing a high-voltage fuse (2). in particular for use in the voltage range from 3.6 kV and / or rated currents above 80 A, the high-voltage fuse (2) a tubular, made of an inorganic material, in particular ceramic material or glass material, inner insulating body (3), one on the insulator (3) applied external reinforcement of a plastic material (4) and end at least one applied contact cap (17), wherein the contact cap (17) is applied only after the application of the reinforcement (4) on the insulating body (3) and in the assembled state the reinforcement (4) at least partially overlaps. A method according to claim 4, wherein the method according to any one of claims 1 to 3 is realized, and wherein, preferably, the securing tube (1) before the manufacture of the high-voltage fuse (2) is stockpiled. Securing tube (1) for a high-voltage fuse (2)), in particular for use in the voltage range from 3.6 kV and / or rated currents above 80 A, with a tubular, made of inorganic material, in particular ceramic material or glass material, inner insulating body (3 ) and with an on the insulating body (3) applied outer reinforcement (4) made of a plastic material. Securing pipe according to claim 6, characterized in that the plastic material of the reinforcement (4) is fiber-reinforced, in particular glass fiber and / or aramid fiber reinforced, in particular wherein is provided as a binder polyester and / or epoxy resin and / or that Kunsltstoffmaterial reinforcement a thermoplastic material and / or has or consists of a duroplastic. Securing pipe according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the reinforcement (4) is formed as over the entire length of the insulating body (3) extending outer sheath, and / or that the insulating body (3) is formed in a single layer, and / or the reinforcement (4) is formed as one or more layers and / or as a closed layer. Securing tube according to one of the preceding claims 6 to 8, characterized in that at the end in each case an end region (6) with a reduced outside diameter, in particular the reinforcement (4), is provided. Securing tube according to claim 9, characterized in that on the end region (6) an inner cap (5) of an electrically conductive material, in particular of copper or a copper alloy, is applied, preferably wherein the inner cap (5) on the outside at least partially the reinforcement (4 ) overlaps. Securing pipe according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that in the end region (6) a preferably circumferential groove (8) is provided, preferably wherein the inner cap (5), in particular with its outer peripheral edge (11) at least partially into the groove (8). positively engages. Securing pipe according to claim 9, 10 or 11, characterized in that a chamfer (9) of the reinforcement (4) is provided at the outside end of the end region (6). High-voltage fuse (2) with a fuse tube (1) according to one of the preceding claims 6 to 13 and with two contact caps (17) and / or at least one inner cap (5). High-voltage fuse according to claim 13, characterized in that the contact cap (17) engages over the reinforcement (4) on the outside at least partially and / or only the end region (6) of the securing tube (1).

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