EP2656453A1 - Brush device for an electric motor - Google Patents

Brush device for an electric motor

Info

Publication number
EP2656453A1
EP2656453A1 EP11793792.0A EP11793792A EP2656453A1 EP 2656453 A1 EP2656453 A1 EP 2656453A1 EP 11793792 A EP11793792 A EP 11793792A EP 2656453 A1 EP2656453 A1 EP 2656453A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
brush
power supply
supply element
brushes
recesses
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP11793792.0A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2656453B1 (en
Inventor
Michael Bayer
Ralf OLSCHNER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority to PL11793792T priority Critical patent/PL2656453T3/en
Publication of EP2656453A1 publication Critical patent/EP2656453A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2656453B1 publication Critical patent/EP2656453B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R39/00—Rotary current collectors, distributors or interrupters
    • H01R39/02—Details for dynamo electric machines
    • H01R39/38—Brush holders
    • H01R39/383—Brush holders characterised by the electrical connection to the brush holder
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/66—Structural association with built-in electrical component
    • H01R13/70—Structural association with built-in electrical component with built-in switch
    • H01R13/713—Structural association with built-in electrical component with built-in switch the switch being a safety switch
    • H01R13/7137—Structural association with built-in electrical component with built-in switch the switch being a safety switch with thermal interrupter
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N15/00—Other power-operated starting apparatus; Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from groups F02N5/00 - F02N13/00
    • F02N15/10—Safety devices not otherwise provided for

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a brushing apparatus for an electric machine, in particular for a starter of an internal combustion engine, according to the type of independent
  • DC voltage source and the brushes of the other polarity are connected via a common external lead to the positive pole of the DC voltage source.
  • the brushes are each held and guided in a brush holder, which in turn is attached to a brush holder made of electrically conductive material, via which the brushes connected to the negative pole of a DC voltage source are simultaneously electrically contacted.
  • the positive potential brushes are contacted in common via a power supply element, which in turn is locked to the brush bags and at the same time forms a device for reducing heat dissipation.
  • the brush apparatus for an electric machine according to the invention with the features of the independent claim has the advantage that in case of overload of the machine, for example by too long operation of a
  • the power supply element on two brushes ensures that it is held securely to the brushes until it melts, and a short circuit to parts of the other polarity
  • Such a power supply element can be fastened in a particularly simple manner with its inner edge of the ring at correspondingly shaped detents of the brush holder arranged in the same radial position, wherein the arrangement of the recesses
  • Feeding element when melting remains locked on both sides still in two brush bags, so that short circuits are avoided to grounded parts of the machine with certainty.
  • a material used with respect to the other, current-carrying parts of the machine increased resistivity which is suitably in the range between 0.04 and 0.2 ohm * mm 2 / m.
  • the material is preferably a steel with the technical name "Band EN 10152-DC04 + ZE75 / 75AO" with a thickness of 1.2 mm
  • Material of the power supply element should also be greater than that of copper and preferably have a value of less than or equal to 4 ⁇ 10 -3 ⁇ 1 / ⁇ .
  • Another advantageous feature of the material for the Power supply element has a thermal conductivity of 10 to 150 W / mK.
  • power supply according to the invention is also possible with a four-pole machine.
  • the polarity of the power supply element and an electrically conductive brush support plate can be reversed in principle.
  • Figure 1 is a schematically illustrated partial section of a machine in the region of
  • Figure 2 is a perspective view of a
  • FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section through the brush apparatus 12 of an electric machine 10. Here, two brushes 13 and 14 of the brush apparatus are visible, which are pressed by a spring, not shown, against the commutator 20.
  • the brush holder 22 is fixed to an electrically conductive brush plate 30, which in turn is attached to the commutator-side bearing cap 31 of the pole housing 11.
  • the mechanical connection of the brush holder 23 with the bearing cap 31 is carried out in the same manner as the locking of the brush holder 22 via an undercut with a projection 32 on the brush plate 30 and a groove 34 on the brush bags 22 and 23rd
  • the brushes 13 and 14 in the section according to Figure 1 are diametrically opposite to the commutator and have
  • the lying on negative potential brush 14 is connected via a strand 33 with the electrically conductive brush plate 30 and via this with the lying to ground bearing cap 31.
  • annular power supply element 36 whose
  • Brush quiver is mechanically connected thereto by being in recesses 37 on the brush boxes 32 and 33rd
  • Power supply element 36 secured to the brush bags, so that in the case of melting the
  • Figure 2 shows a perspective view of the
  • FIG. 2 shows in addition to the representation in FIG. 1 the connection of the positive pole of a not shown
  • Power supply element 36 is connected.
  • the pigtail 38 or the busbar 39 are passed through a rubber-elastic cover 48, which closes the passage opening of the pigtail 38 and / or the bus bar 39 sealingly to the pole housing 11, not shown here.
  • the busbar 39 is in the area 46 with the
  • Power supply element 36 welded.
  • Power supply rail 36 are indicated by dashed lines.
  • the junction of a pigtail 40 from a negative brush 14 on the brush plate 30 is indicated at 52.
  • the power supply element 36 is indicated by dashed lines.
  • the preferred polarity including the contacting of a positive brush with the power supply element, in the embodiment, the contact 50 of the connected to the positive terminal of the voltage source brush 13.
  • the terminal 46 of the outer lead 38.39 to the power supply element 36 also between the recesses 54 positioned.
  • Embodiment according to Figure 2 an arrangement with six brushes 13,14 is shown in a six-pole electric machine, wherein the individual brushes are each uniformly spaced at an angle of 60 ° from each other.
  • the arrangement of the serrated recesses 54 is made so that they enclose an angle greater than 60 ° and laterally outside the cam 35 lie with the recesses 37 in which the annular
  • the shape of the recesses 54 is arbitrary, in particular they can also be groove-shaped or round and optionally also on the inner diameter or within the
  • Power supply element may be arranged.
  • Essential is a suitable reduction of the cross section of the
  • the reduced width dl of the lead-through element with 5.5 mm was measured with good success compared to the unreduced width d2 of 8.0 mm with a material thickness of 1.2 mm one
  • Power supply element 36 made of strip steel. Further,
  • Power supply element 36 are a resistivity of 0.04 to 0.2 ohm * mm 2 / m, a resistance temperature coefficient of greater than or equal to 4 ⁇ 10 -3 ⁇ 1 / ⁇ and a thermal conductivity of 10 to 150 W / m * K.
  • Proposed design of the power supply element 36 is achieved that on the power supply element on the one hand a fuse is formed and on the other hand sufficient area to reduce the heating of the live parts is created inside the machine, so that external parts are no longer heated to a dangerous level.
  • the pigtail 33 of the trapped between the recesses 54 plus brush 13 also heats up very strong and is usually melted with, so that the contact with ground is finally interrupted.

Landscapes

  • Motor Or Generator Current Collectors (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a brush device for an electric motor (10), in particular for a starter of an internal combustion engine, comprising at least two brush pairs (13, 14) and a number of brush holders (22, 23) corresponding to the number of brushes, said brush holders being fastened to a brush plate (30). The brush device has an outer supply lead (38, 39) and inner power feed cables (33, 36) to the brushes (13, 14), wherein a power feed element (36) belongs to the inner power feed cables of one polarity, the power feed element being locked to the brush holders (22, 23) and containing openings (54) for locally increasing the electrical resistance and for forming a fusible cut-out. According to the invention, at least two openings (54) are arranged on the power feed element (36) such that two brushes (13, 14) of differing polarities, including the contact (50) of a brush (13) with the power feed element (36) and the connection (46) of the outer supply lead (38, 39) to the power feed element, are located in the circumferential direction between the openings.

Description

Beschreibung description
Titel title
Bürstenapparat für eine elektrische Maschine Stand der Technik Brushing apparatus for an electric machine. State of the art
Die Erfindung geht aus von einem Bürstenapparat für eine elektrische Maschine, insbesondere für einen Starter einer Brennkraftmaschine, nach der Gattung des unabhängigen The invention relates to a brushing apparatus for an electric machine, in particular for a starter of an internal combustion engine, according to the type of independent
Anspruchs, wie er aus der DE 10 2009 002 725 AI bekannt ist. Diese Druckschrift offenbart einen Bürstenapparat mit mindestens zwei Bürstenpaaren, wobei die Bürsten einer Polarität mit Masse und dem negativen Pol einer Claim, as it is known from DE 10 2009 002 725 AI. This document discloses a brush apparatus with at least two pairs of brushes, wherein the brushes of a polarity with ground and the negative pole of a
Gleichspannungsquelle und die Bürsten der anderen Polarität über eine gemeinsame, äußere Zuleitung mit dem Pluspol der Gleichspannungsquelle verbunden sind. Hierbei sind die Bürsten jeweils in einem Bürstenköcher gehalten und geführt, welcher seinerseits an einer Bürstenhalterung aus elektrisch leitfähigem Material befestigt ist, über welche die am negativen Pol einer Gleichspannungsquelle angeschlossenen Bürsten gleichzeitig elektrisch kontaktiert sind. Die an positivem Potential liegenden Bürsten sind gemeinsam über ein Stromzuführungselement kontaktiert, das seinerseits an den Bürstenköchern arretiert ist und gleichzeitig eine Vorrichtung zur Reduktion der Wärmeabfuhr ausbildet. Eine derartige Anordnung arbeitet grundsätzlich DC voltage source and the brushes of the other polarity are connected via a common external lead to the positive pole of the DC voltage source. Here, the brushes are each held and guided in a brush holder, which in turn is attached to a brush holder made of electrically conductive material, via which the brushes connected to the negative pole of a DC voltage source are simultaneously electrically contacted. The positive potential brushes are contacted in common via a power supply element, which in turn is locked to the brush bags and at the same time forms a device for reducing heat dissipation. Such an arrangement works basically
zufriedenstellend, jedoch sind besondere Maßnahmen satisfactory, however, are special measures
erforderlich, um einen unzulässig hohen Wärmeübertritt von den inneren stromführenden Teilen auf die äußeren necessary to prevent an excessively high heat transfer from the inner live parts on the outer
Zuleitungselemente und die mit diesen in Wärmekontakt stehenden Teile der Maschine und damit eine von der Supply elements and with these in thermal contact parts of the machine and thus one of the
elektrischen Maschine ausgehende Brandgefahr zu verhindern. electrical machine to prevent outgoing fire hazard.
Offenbarung der Erfindung Disclosure of the invention
Der erfindungsgemäße Bürstenapparat für eine elektrische Maschine mit den Merkmalen des unabhängigen Anspruchs hat den Vorteil, dass die bei einer Überlastung der Maschine, beispielsweise durch eine zu lange Betätigung eines The brush apparatus for an electric machine according to the invention with the features of the independent claim has the advantage that in case of overload of the machine, for example by too long operation of a
Starters, oder bei einem inneren Kurzschluss entstehende Stromwärme nur eine sehr kurze und auf den Innenraum der Maschine begrenzte Erhitzung der stromführenden Teile der Maschine bewirkt. Diese Konzentration der erzeugten Starters, or resulting in an internal short circuit current heat causes only a very short and limited to the interior of the machine heating the live parts of the machine. This concentration of the generated
Stromwärme auf den Innenraum der Maschine wird erreicht durch Querschnittsverengungen und damit Current heat to the interior of the machine is achieved by cross-sectional constrictions and thus
Widerstandserhöhungen an dem Stromzuführungselement in ausreichender Entfernung von dem Anschluss der äußeren Zuleitung der Maschine, so dass die entstehende Wärme nur in geringem Maße auf brennbare Teile im Außenbereich der  Resistance increases at the power supply element at a sufficient distance from the connection of the outer supply line of the machine, so that the resulting heat only to a small extent on combustible parts in the outdoor area of
Maschine transportiert wird. Gleichzeitig wird durch die Aufrechterhaltung der Arretierung des Machine is transported. At the same time, by maintaining the locking of the
Stromzuführungselementes an zwei Bürsten erreicht, dass dieses bis zum Durchschmelzen sicher an den Bürsten gehalten und ein Kurzschluss zu Teilen der anderen Polarität  The power supply element on two brushes ensures that it is held securely to the brushes until it melts, and a short circuit to parts of the other polarity
innerhalb der Maschine verhindert wird. Die Größe der is prevented within the machine. The size of the
Ausnehmungen wird hierbei je nach Anwendungsfall und Recesses here depending on the application and
Material des Stromzuführungselementes bemessen. Dimension the material of the power supply element.
Eine bevorzugte Anwendung des erfindungsgemäßen A preferred application of the invention
Bürstenapparates ergibt sich bei Startern für Brush apparatus results in starters for
Brennkraftmaschinen, welche für Kurzzeitbetrieb ausgelegt sind und sehr hohe Ströme über die Bürsten und den Kommutator führen. Dabei wird vorzugsweise für den Anschluss des Pluspoles einer Gleichspannungsquelle ein für alle Plusbürsten gemeinsames Stromzuführungselement eingesetzt, welches dann den gesamten Strom der parallelen Ankerzweige führt. Hierbei ist die Gefahr der Überlastung einer Internal combustion engines, which are designed for short-term operation and very high currents through the brushes and the Lead commutator. In this case, a common for all plus brushes power supply element is preferably used for the connection of the positive pole of a DC voltage source, which then leads the entire current of the parallel armature branches. Here is the risk of overloading a
sechspoligen Maschine insbesondere auch dann gegeben, wenn diese nur mit zwei Bürstenpaaren betrieben wird, wodurch sich die Stromführung über die Bürsten noch erhöht. Six-pole machine especially given when it is operated only with two pairs of brushes, which further increases the power supply through the brushes.
Eine besonders einfache und betriebssichere Anordnung ergibt sich, wenn das Stromzuführungselement kreisringförmig ausgebildet ist und die Ausnehmungen als Randkerben A particularly simple and reliable arrangement results when the power supply element is annular and the recesses as edge notches
ausgebildet sind. Ein derartiges Stromzuführungselement kann in besonders einfacher Weise mit seinem inneren Ringrand an entsprechend gestalteten Arretierungen der in gleicher radialer Lage angeordneten Bürstenköcher befestigt werden, wobei durch die Anordnung der Ausnehmungen das are formed. Such a power supply element can be fastened in a particularly simple manner with its inner edge of the ring at correspondingly shaped detents of the brush holder arranged in the same radial position, wherein the arrangement of the recesses
Zuführungselement beim Durchschmelzen beidseitig noch in zwei Bürstenköchern arretiert bleibt, so dass Kurzschlüsse zu an Masse liegenden Teilen der Maschine mit Sicherheit verhindert werden. Feeding element when melting remains locked on both sides still in two brush bags, so that short circuits are avoided to grounded parts of the machine with certainty.
Zur Herstellung des Stromzuführungselementes wird To produce the power supply element is
vorzugsweise ein Material mit einem gegenüber den sonstigen, stromführenden Teilen der Maschine erhöhten spezifischen Widerstand verwendet, welcher zweckmäßigerweise im Bereich zwischen 0,04 und 0,2 Ohm*mm2/m liegt. Ein derartiges preferably a material used with respect to the other, current-carrying parts of the machine increased resistivity, which is suitably in the range between 0.04 and 0.2 ohm * mm 2 / m. Such a thing
Material ist vorzugsweise ein Stahl mit der technischen Bezeichnung „Band EN 10152-DC04+ZE75/75AO" mit einer Dicke von 1,2mm. Der Widerstand-Temperaturkoeffizient des The material is preferably a steel with the technical name "Band EN 10152-DC04 + ZE75 / 75AO" with a thickness of 1.2 mm
Materials des Stromzuführungselementes sollte ebenfalls größer sein als derjenige von Kupfer und vorzugsweise einen Wert von kleiner oder gleich 4·10~3·1/Κ aufweisen. Ein weiteres vorteilhaftes Merkmal des Materials für das Stromzuführungselement ist eine Wärmeleitfähigkeit von 10- 150 W/m-K. Durch die Verwendung eines derartigen Material of the power supply element should also be greater than that of copper and preferably have a value of less than or equal to 4 · 10 -3 · 1 / Κ. Another advantageous feature of the material for the Power supply element has a thermal conductivity of 10 to 150 W / mK. By using such a
Stromzuführungselementes wird im Überlastfall, Power supply element is overloaded,
beispielsweise bei einem zu langen Ansteuern eines Starters für ein Kraftfahrzeug, oder bei einem inneren Fehler der Maschine gewährleistet, dass die äußeren Komponenten der Maschine sich nicht so stark erhitzen, dass eine Brandgefahr entsteht . For example, in too long driving a starter for a motor vehicle, or in an internal error of the machine ensures that the outer components of the machine does not heat up so much that a fire hazard.
Weitere Einzelheiten und vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen und dem Ausführungsbeispiel in der Beschreibung, wobei die Zahl der Bürsten und die Polpaarzahl der Maschine variiert werden können. Als besonders vorteilhaft hat sich die Verwendung eines kreisringförmigen Stromzuführungselementes erwiesen, insbesondere bei einer symmetrischen, jeweils um 60° gegeneinander verschobenen Anordnung von sechs Bürsten in einer sechspoligen Maschine. Die Anwendung der Further details and advantageous embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the subclaims and the embodiment in the description, wherein the number of brushes and the number of pole pairs of the machine can be varied. Particularly advantageous is the use of an annular power supply element has proven, especially in a symmetrical, each offset by 60 ° to each other arrangement of six brushes in a six-pole machine. The application of
erfindungsgemäßen Stromzuführung ist jedoch auch bei einer vierpoligen Maschine möglich. Außerdem kann die Polung des Stromzuführungselementes und einer elektrisch leitfähigen Bürstenträgerplatte grundsätzlich umgekehrt werden. However, power supply according to the invention is also possible with a four-pole machine. In addition, the polarity of the power supply element and an electrically conductive brush support plate can be reversed in principle.
Die Figuren zeigen: The figures show:
Figur 1 einen schematisch dargestellten Teilschnitt einer Maschine im Bereich des Figure 1 is a schematically illustrated partial section of a machine in the region of
Bürstenapparates und  Brush apparatus and
Figur 2 eine perspektivische Darstellung eines Figure 2 is a perspective view of a
erfindungsgemäßen Bürstenapparates mit einem integrierten, an den Bürstenköchern arretierten Stromzuführungselement . Figur 1 zeigt einen Längsschnitt durch den Bürstenapparat 12 einer elektrischen Maschine 10. Hierbei sind zwei Bürsten 13 und 14 des Bürstenapparates sichtbar, die von einer nicht dargestellten Feder gegen den Kommutator 20 gedrückt werden. Der Bürstenköcher 22 ist an einer elektrisch leitfähigen Bürstenplatte 30 befestigt, welche ihrerseits an dem kommutatorseitigen Lagerdeckel 31 des Polgehäuses 11 befestigt ist. Die mechanische Verbindung des Bürstenköchers 23 mit dem Lagerdeckel 31 erfolgt in gleicher Weise wie die Arretierung des Bürstenköchers 22 über eine Hinterschneidung mit einem Vorsprung 32 an der Bürstenplatte 30 und einer Nut 34 an den Bürstenköchern 22 und 23. Brush apparatus according to the invention with an integrated, fixed to the brush holder power supply element. Figure 1 shows a longitudinal section through the brush apparatus 12 of an electric machine 10. Here, two brushes 13 and 14 of the brush apparatus are visible, which are pressed by a spring, not shown, against the commutator 20. The brush holder 22 is fixed to an electrically conductive brush plate 30, which in turn is attached to the commutator-side bearing cap 31 of the pole housing 11. The mechanical connection of the brush holder 23 with the bearing cap 31 is carried out in the same manner as the locking of the brush holder 22 via an undercut with a projection 32 on the brush plate 30 and a groove 34 on the brush bags 22 and 23rd
Die Bürsten 13 und 14 beim Schnitt gemäß Figur 1 liegen sich am Kommutator diametral gegenüber und besitzen The brushes 13 and 14 in the section according to Figure 1 are diametrically opposite to the commutator and have
unterschiedliche Polung. Hierbei ist die auf Minuspotential liegende Bürste 14 über eine Litze 33 mit der elektrisch leitfähigen Bürstenplatte 30 und über diese mit dem an Masse liegenden Lagerdeckel 31 verbunden. Der elektrische different polarity. Here, the lying on negative potential brush 14 is connected via a strand 33 with the electrically conductive brush plate 30 and via this with the lying to ground bearing cap 31. The electric
Anschluss der positiven Bürste 13 erfolgt über ein Connection of the positive brush 13 via a
kreisringförmiges Stromzuführungselement 36, dessen annular power supply element 36, whose
Anschluss an den positiven Pol einer Gleichspannungsquelle an Hand von Figur 2 näher erläutert ist. Aus Figur 1 ist jedoch ersichtlich, dass das Stromzuführungselement 36 auf der von der Bürstenplatte 30 abgewandten Seite der Connection to the positive pole of a DC voltage source with reference to Figure 2 is explained in more detail. From Figure 1, however, it can be seen that the power supply element 36 on the side remote from the brush plate 30 of the
Bürstenköcher mechanisch mit diesem verbunden ist, indem es in Aussparungen 37 an den Bürstenköchern 32 und 33  Brush quiver is mechanically connected thereto by being in recesses 37 on the brush boxes 32 and 33rd
eingreift. Hierdurch ist gleichzeitig das intervenes. This is the same time
Stromzuführungselement 36 an den Bürstenköchern gesichert, so dass im Falle des Durchschmelzens des  Power supply element 36 secured to the brush bags, so that in the case of melting the
Stromzuführungselementes 36 dessen Enden an den  Power supply element 36 whose ends to the
Bürstenköchern gehalten sind und so Kurzschlüsse zu an Masse liegenden Teilen der Maschine vermieden werden. Die Brush quivers are kept and so shorts to grounded parts of the machine can be avoided. The
elektrische Verbindung zwischen dem Stromzuführungselement 36 und der Bürste 13 ist schematisch durch eine electrical connection between the power supply element 36 and the brush 13 is schematically by a
Anschlusslitze 33 dargestellt. Pigtail 33 shown.
Figur 2 zeigt in perspektivischer Darstellung den Figure 2 shows a perspective view of the
erfindungsgemäßen Bürstenapparat aus der in Figur 1 mit II-II angegebenen Blickrichtung auf das Brush apparatus according to the invention from the direction indicated in Figure 1 with II-II direction of the
Stromzuführungselement 36. Gleiche Teile sind in Figur 2 mit gleichen Bezugszeichen wie in Figur 1 versehen. Figur 2 zeigt zusätzlich zu der Darstellung in Figur 1 den Anschluss des positiven Pols einer nicht dargestellten  Power supply element 36. The same parts are provided in Figure 2 with the same reference numerals as in Figure 1. FIG. 2 shows in addition to the representation in FIG. 1 the connection of the positive pole of a not shown
Gleichspannungsquelle über eine Anschlusslitze 38, welche unter Zwischenschaltung einer Stromschiene 39 mit dem  DC voltage source via a pigtail 38, which with the interposition of a bus bar 39 with the
Stromzuführungselement 36 verbunden ist. Die Anschlusslitze 38 oder die Stromschiene 39 sind durch eine gummielastische Abdeckung 48 hindurchgeführt, welche die Durchtrittsöffnung der Anschlusslitze 38 und/oder der Stromschiene 39 dichtend zum hier nicht dargestellten Polgehäuse 11 abschließt. Die Stromschiene 39 ist im Bereich 46 mit dem Power supply element 36 is connected. The pigtail 38 or the busbar 39 are passed through a rubber-elastic cover 48, which closes the passage opening of the pigtail 38 and / or the bus bar 39 sealingly to the pole housing 11, not shown here. The busbar 39 is in the area 46 with the
Stromzuführungselement 36 verschweißt. Die Schweißpunkte 50 der positiven Anschlusslitzen 33 auf der Rückseite der Power supply element 36 welded. The welding points 50 of the positive connecting leads 33 on the back of the
Stromzuführungsschiene 36 sind gestrichelt angedeutet. Die Anschlussstelle einer Anschlusslitze 40 von einer negativen Bürste 14 an der Bürstenplatte 30 ist mit 52 bezeichnet. Erfindungsgemäß weist das Stromzuführungselement 36 Power supply rail 36 are indicated by dashed lines. The junction of a pigtail 40 from a negative brush 14 on the brush plate 30 is indicated at 52. According to the invention, the power supply element 36
mindestens zwei Ausnehmungen 54 auf, welche derart an dem Stromzuführungselement 36 positioniert sind, dass in at least two recesses 54 which are positioned on the power supply element 36 in that
Umfangsrichtung zwischen den Ausnehmungen zwei Bürsten 13,14 unterschiedliche Polarität einschließlich der Kontaktierung einer positiven Bürste mit dem Stromzuführungselement liegen, im Ausführungsbeispiel die Kontaktierung 50 einer der mit dem Pluspol der Spannungsquelle verbundenen Bürsten 13. Weiterhin ist der Anschluss 46 der äußeren Zuleitung 38,39 zu dem Stromzuführungselement 36 ebenfalls zwischen den Ausnehmungen 54 positioniert. Im bevorzugten Circumferential direction between the recesses two brushes 13,14 different polarity including the contacting of a positive brush with the power supply element, in the embodiment, the contact 50 of the connected to the positive terminal of the voltage source brush 13. Furthermore, the terminal 46 of the outer lead 38.39 to the power supply element 36 also between the recesses 54 positioned. In the preferred
Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Figur 2 ist eine Anordnung mit sechs Bürsten 13,14 in einer sechspoligen elektrischen Maschine dargestellt, wobei die einzelnen Bürsten jeweils gleichförmig um eine Winkel von 60° von einander beabstandet sind. Die Anordnung der kerbförmig ausgeführten Ausnehmungen 54 ist so getroffen, dass sie einen Winkel größer 60° einschließen und seitlich außerhalb der Nocken 35 mit den Aussparungen 37 liegen, in denen das kreisringförmige Embodiment according to Figure 2, an arrangement with six brushes 13,14 is shown in a six-pole electric machine, wherein the individual brushes are each uniformly spaced at an angle of 60 ° from each other. The arrangement of the serrated recesses 54 is made so that they enclose an angle greater than 60 ° and laterally outside the cam 35 lie with the recesses 37 in which the annular
Stromzuführungselement 36 arretiert ist. Selbstverständlich ist die Form der Ausnehmungen 54 beliebig, insbesondere können sie auch nutförmig oder rund sein und wahlweise auch am Innendurchmesser oder innerhalb des Power supply element 36 is locked. Of course, the shape of the recesses 54 is arbitrary, in particular they can also be groove-shaped or round and optionally also on the inner diameter or within the
Stromzuführungselementes angeordnet sein. Wesentlich ist eine geeignete Reduzierung des Querschnittes des  Power supply element may be arranged. Essential is a suitable reduction of the cross section of the
Stromzuführungselementes 36 im Bereich der Ausnehmungen 54, derart, dass die Stromdichte und die hierdurch verursachte Erwärmung des Stromzuführungselementes 36 in diesem Bereich derart erhöht werden, dass bei unzulässiger Belastung der Maschine ein Durchschmelzen des Stromzuführungselementes erfolgt. Hierbei bleiben die dann freien Enden des Power supply element 36 in the region of the recesses 54, such that the current density and the resulting heating of the power supply element 36 are increased in this area such that when excessive load on the machine, a melting of the power supply element. Here are the then free ends of the
Durchführungselementes 36 in den Aussparungen 37 der Nocken 35 arretiert und können keinen Kurzschluss verursachen. In einem Ausführungsbeispiel wurde mit gutem Erfolg die reduzierte Breite dl des Durchführungselementes mit 5,5 mm bemessen gegenüber der unreduzierten Breite d2 von 8,0 mm bei einer Materialstärke von 1,2 mm eines Feedthrough element 36 locked in the recesses 37 of the cam 35 and can not cause a short circuit. In one embodiment, the reduced width dl of the lead-through element with 5.5 mm was measured with good success compared to the unreduced width d2 of 8.0 mm with a material thickness of 1.2 mm one
Stromzuführungselementes 36 aus Bandstahl. Weitere Power supply element 36 made of strip steel. Further
vorteilhafte Kennwerte des Materials des advantageous characteristics of the material of
Stromzuführungselementes 36 sind ein spezifischer Widerstand von 0,04 bis 0,2 Ohm*mm2/m, ein Widerstand- Temperaturkoeffizient größer oder gleich 4·10~3·1/Κ und eine Wärmeleitfähigkeit von 10 bis 150 W/m*K. Durch die erfindungsgemäße Gestaltung eines Bürstenapparates einer elektrischen Maschine, insbesondere durch die Power supply element 36 are a resistivity of 0.04 to 0.2 ohm * mm 2 / m, a resistance temperature coefficient of greater than or equal to 4 · 10 -3 · 1 / Κ and a thermal conductivity of 10 to 150 W / m * K. The inventive design of a brush apparatus of an electric machine, in particular by the
vorgeschlagene Gestaltung des Stromzuführungselementes 36 erreicht man, dass an dem Stromzuführungselement einerseits eine Schmelzsicherung ausgebildet wird und andererseits ausreichend Fläche zur Verringerung der Erhitzung der stromführenden Teile im Innern der Maschine geschaffen wird, so dass außen liegende Teile nicht mehr in brandgefährlichem Maße erhitzt werden. Die Anschlusslitze 33 der zwischen den Ausnehmungen 54 eingeschlossenen Plusbürste 13 erhitzt sich dabei ebenfalls sehr stark und wird in der Regel mit durchschmelzen, so dass der Kontakt zu Masse endgültig unterbrochen wird. Proposed design of the power supply element 36 is achieved that on the power supply element on the one hand a fuse is formed and on the other hand sufficient area to reduce the heating of the live parts is created inside the machine, so that external parts are no longer heated to a dangerous level. The pigtail 33 of the trapped between the recesses 54 plus brush 13 also heats up very strong and is usually melted with, so that the contact with ground is finally interrupted.

Claims

Ansprüche claims
1. Bürstenapparat für eine elektrische Maschine (10), insbesondere für einen Starter einer Brennkraftmaschine, mit mindestens zwei Bürstenpaaren (13,14), mit einer der Anzahl der Bürsten (13,14) entsprechenden Anzahl von Bürstenköchern (22,23), welche an einer Bürstenplatte (30) befestigt sind, mit einer äußeren Zuleitung (38,39) und mit inneren Brushing apparatus for an electric machine (10), in particular for a starter of an internal combustion engine, with at least two pairs of brushes (13, 14), with a number of brushes (13, 14) corresponding number of brush boxes (22, 23), which are attached to a brush plate (30), with an outer lead (38,39) and with inner
Stromzuführungen (33,36) zu den Bürsten (13,14), welche ein den Bürsten einer Polarität zugeordnetes Power supply (33,36) to the brush (13,14), which one of the brushes of a polarity associated
Stromzuführungselement (36) aufweisen, das an den Power supply element (36), which at the
Bürstenköchern (22,23) arretiert ist und Ausnehmungen (54) zur lokalen Vergrößerung des elektrischen Widerstandes und zur Ausbildung einer Schmelzsicherung besitzt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens zwei Ausnehmungen (54) derart an dem Stromzuführungselement (36) angeordnet sind, dass in Umfangsrichtung zwischen den Ausnehmungen zwei Bürsten ( 13 , 14 ) unterschiedlicher Polarität einschließlich der Kontaktierung (50) einer Bürste (13) mit dem Brush Holes (22,23) is locked and recesses (54) for locally increasing the electrical resistance and to form a fuse, characterized in that at least two recesses (54) are arranged on the power supply element (36) that in the circumferential direction between the recesses two brushes (13, 14) of different polarity including the contact (50) of a brush (13) with the
Stromzuführungselement (36) sowie der Anschluss (46) der äußeren Zuleitung (38,39) zu dem Stromzuführungselement (36) liegen . Power supply element (36) and the connection (46) of the outer feed line (38,39) to the power supply element (36) lie.
2. Bürstenapparat nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei einer sechspoligen elektrischen Maschine (10) mit wenigsten vier am Umfang des Kommutator (20) verteilten Bürsten (13,14) die Ausnehmungen (54) des 2. brush apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that in a six-pole electric machine (10) with at least four on the circumference of the commutator (20) distributed brushes (13,14) the recesses (54) of the
Stromzuführungselementes (36) derart angeordnet sind, dass in Umfangsrichtung zwischen zwei Ausnehmungen (54) zwei Bürsten (13,14) unterschiedlicher Polarität und der Power supply element (36) are arranged such that in the circumferential direction between two recesses (54) has two Brushes (13,14) of different polarity and the
Anschluss (46) der Zuleitung (38,39) liegen. Connection (46) of the supply line (38,39) lie.
3. Bürstenapparat nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch 3. brush apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized
gekennzeichnet, dass das Stromzuführungselement (36) kreisringförmig ausgebildet ist und die Ausnehmungen (54) als Randkerben ausgebildet sind. characterized in that the power supply element (36) is annular and the recesses (54) are formed as edge notches.
4. Büstenapparat nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwei Ausnehmungen (54) 4. bust apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that two recesses (54)
Außenumfang des Stromzuführungselementes (36) angeordnet sind . Outer circumference of the power supply element (36) are arranged.
5. Bürstenapparat nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Material des 5. Brush apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the material of
Stromzuführungselementes (36) einen spezifischen Widerstand von 0,04 bis 0,2 Ohm*mm2/m aufweist. Power supply element (36) has a resistivity of 0.04 to 0.2 ohms * mm 2 / m.
6. Bürstenapparat nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Material des 6. Brush apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the material of
Stromzuführungselementes (36) einen Widerstands- Temperaturkoeffizienten größer oder gleich 4·10~3·1/Κ aufweist. Power supply element (36) has a resistance temperature coefficient greater than or equal to 4 · 10 -3 · 1 / Κ.
7. Bürstenapparat nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Material des 7. Brush apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the material of the
Stromzuführungselementes (36) eine Wärmeleitfähigkeit von 10 bis 150 W/m-K besitzt.  Power supply element (36) has a thermal conductivity of 10 to 150 W / m-K.
8. Bürstenapparat nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Stromzuführungselement (36) als Stahlblechteil ausgebildet ist mit einer Blechstärke von ,0 mm bis 1,5 mm, vorzugsweise mit einer Blechstärke von , 2 mm. 8. Brush apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the power supply element (36) is designed as a sheet steel part with a plate thickness of , 0 mm to 1.5 mm, preferably with a plate thickness of, 2 mm.
EP11793792.0A 2010-12-21 2011-12-08 Brush device for an electric motor Active EP2656453B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL11793792T PL2656453T3 (en) 2010-12-21 2011-12-08 Brush device for an electric motor

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102010063688A DE102010063688A1 (en) 2010-12-21 2010-12-21 Brush apparatus for an electric machine
PCT/EP2011/072159 WO2012084526A1 (en) 2010-12-21 2011-12-08 Brush device for an electric motor

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2656453A1 true EP2656453A1 (en) 2013-10-30
EP2656453B1 EP2656453B1 (en) 2015-02-25

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EP (1) EP2656453B1 (en)
CN (1) CN103384948B (en)
DE (1) DE102010063688A1 (en)
HU (1) HUE025516T2 (en)
PL (1) PL2656453T3 (en)
WO (1) WO2012084526A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102013222629A1 (en) * 2013-11-07 2015-05-07 Robert Bosch Gmbh Commutation device in an electrical machine
DE102014225385A1 (en) 2014-12-10 2016-06-16 Robert Bosch Gmbh Commutation device for an electrical machine
DE102014225391A1 (en) 2014-12-10 2016-06-16 Robert Bosch Gmbh Commutation device for an electrical machine
DE102014225514A1 (en) 2014-12-11 2016-06-16 Robert Bosch Gmbh Commutation device for an electrical machine
DE102014225520A1 (en) 2014-12-11 2016-06-30 Robert Bosch Gmbh Commutation device for an electrical machine
DE102015225762A1 (en) 2015-12-17 2017-06-22 Robert Bosch Gmbh Electric safety device
DE102016225984A1 (en) * 2016-12-22 2018-06-28 Robert Bosch Gmbh Brush holder for an electric machine
DE102017215253A1 (en) 2017-08-31 2019-02-28 Seg Automotive Germany Gmbh Electric safety device
DE102017217335A1 (en) 2017-09-28 2019-03-28 Seg Automotive Germany Gmbh Method for triggering a safety device of an electrical machine, and electric machine with a safety device
DE102017217333A1 (en) 2017-09-28 2019-03-28 Seg Automotive Germany Gmbh Electric machine with an electrical conductor and with an electrical safety device
DE102017217337A1 (en) 2017-09-28 2019-03-28 Seg Automotive Germany Gmbh Method for actuating a safety device of an electrical machine, and electrical machine with a safety device
JP7354849B2 (en) * 2020-01-22 2023-10-03 株式会社デンソー dc motor

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DE10041822A1 (en) * 2000-08-25 2002-03-07 Bosch Gmbh Robert Electrical starting device for internal combustion engines with overload protection
JP4443979B2 (en) * 2003-09-12 2010-03-31 株式会社デンソー Starter
FR2872642B1 (en) * 2004-06-30 2006-09-01 Valeo Equip Electr Moteur POWER SUPPLY CIRCUIT FOR AN ELECTRIC MOTOR BRUSH, IN PARTICULAR A MOTOR VEHICLE STARTER
FR2939570B1 (en) * 2008-12-09 2013-01-18 Valeo Equip Electr Moteur BRUSH DEVICE FOR MOTOR VEHICLE STARTER.
DE102009002725A1 (en) 2009-04-29 2010-11-04 Robert Bosch Gmbh Brush apparatus for an electric machine and electric machine

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See references of WO2012084526A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
HUE025516T2 (en) 2016-05-30
EP2656453B1 (en) 2015-02-25
CN103384948A (en) 2013-11-06
WO2012084526A1 (en) 2012-06-28
CN103384948B (en) 2015-12-09
DE102010063688A1 (en) 2012-06-21
PL2656453T3 (en) 2015-07-31

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