EP3073106B1 - Fuel injector for a fuel injection system - Google Patents

Fuel injector for a fuel injection system Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3073106B1
EP3073106B1 EP16153842.6A EP16153842A EP3073106B1 EP 3073106 B1 EP3073106 B1 EP 3073106B1 EP 16153842 A EP16153842 A EP 16153842A EP 3073106 B1 EP3073106 B1 EP 3073106B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
switching element
control
nozzle needle
fuel injector
fuel
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EP16153842.6A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3073106A1 (en
Inventor
Michael Kurz
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M47/00—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
    • F02M47/02—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure of accumulator-injector type, i.e. having fuel pressure of accumulator tending to open, and fuel pressure in other chamber tending to close, injection valves and having means for periodically releasing that closing pressure
    • F02M47/027—Electrically actuated valves draining the chamber to release the closing pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/28—Details of throttles in fuel-injection apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2547/00—Special features for fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
    • F02M2547/008—Means for influencing the flow rate out of or into a control chamber, e.g. depending on the position of the needle

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fuel injector for a fuel injection system, in particular a common rail injection system, having the features of the preamble of claim 1.
  • a fuel injector for a fuel injection system in particular a common rail injection system, forth, which includes a control valve for controlling the lifting movement of a liftable nozzle needle.
  • a control valve for controlling the lifting movement of a liftable nozzle needle.
  • a closing element is accommodated in the control chamber, via which an inlet throttle is passively switchable. This means that when the control valve is open, no fuel flows into the control chamber and the amount of exhaust is limited to the amount present in the control chamber and in the valve chamber. As a result, the efficiency of the system increases and the heat input into the low pressure area is reduced.
  • the present invention is therefore an object of the invention to provide a fuel injector for a fuel injection system, in particular a common rail injection system, in which the Abêtmenge is minimized.
  • the fuel injector proposed for a fuel injection system comprises a liftable nozzle needle for releasing and closing at least one injection opening.
  • a control valve is provided to control the lifting movement of the nozzle needle.
  • the control valve causes in the open position a discharge of a control room.
  • a connection of the control chamber is made with a low-pressure region via an outlet throttle, so that fuel is able to flow out of the control chamber in the low-pressure region.
  • an inlet throttle is provided, which opens into the control chamber and connects the control chamber with a high-pressure region.
  • the inlet throttle can be switched on or off via a ring-shaped switching element cooperating with a control edge, which is guided in a liftable manner on the nozzle needle. Further, the switching element is acted upon in the direction of a stop by the spring force of a spring and the stop is formed on a stop sleeve, which surrounds the switching element.
  • the stop sleeve is mounted floating in the radial direction, that is, that the leadership of the switching element is effected solely on the nozzle needle, or the stop sleeve is axially biased by a spring.
  • a spring for example, serve a nozzle spring whose spring force acts on the nozzle needle in the closing direction. The spring is supported on the one hand on the stop sleeve and on the other hand directly or indirectly on the nozzle needle.
  • the inlet throttle When the inlet throttle is switched off, the fuel supply to the control room is interrupted. This means that no fuel flows into the control chamber when the inlet throttle is switched off. If the inlet throttle is switched off when the control valve is open, the maximum amount available in the control chamber can be deactivated. In this way, the flow of the outlet throttle is kept low. Further, the valve lift of the control valve can be reduced, resulting in improved performance.
  • the spring force of the spring should ensure that the inlet throttle is switched on again when the control valve closes.
  • the stop is preferably arranged on a side of the switching element facing away from the control edge.
  • the stop sleeve is fixed in position in the axial direction, so that the stop is fixed.
  • connection and disconnection of the inlet throttle each requires a stroke movement of the switching element.
  • the switching element is pressure-controlled, so that no additional actuator is required to control the lifting movement of the switching element.
  • the switching element preferably cooperates with a control edge, which is annular and arranged downstream of the inlet throttle.
  • the arrangement thus takes place in the flow path of the fuel.
  • the annular control edge may be formed on the inner circumference of a valve piece, in which the control chamber is formed. Due to the ring shape, the control edge forms a circumferential sealing edge, which can be used as a sealing seat for the liftable switching element.
  • the switching element is axially displaceable relative to the nozzle needle, since it is guided in a liftable manner on the nozzle needle.
  • the guide play between the switching element and the nozzle needle is preferably designed to be narrow in order to separate pressure chambers formed on both sides of the switching element. By changing the pressure in a pressure chamber, the stroke movement of the switching element can then be controlled.
  • the switching element on a control space limiting hydraulic active surface on which the control pressure is applied. Because the control pressure changes depending on the switching position of the control valve.
  • the control pressure can therefore be used not only for controlling the lifting movement of the nozzle needle, but also for controlling the lifting movement of the switching element.
  • the two pressure chambers to be separated are therefore preferably on the one hand the control chamber and on the other hand a pressure chamber connected to the high-pressure region of the fuel injector.
  • the inlet throttle is formed in the switching element. This arrangement proves to be particularly favorable when the switching element separates the control chamber from an inlet region of the fuel injector. Because then the inlet throttle can be realized by a simple axial bore in the switching element.
  • the control chamber is preferably formed in a valve piece and divided by an end portion of the nozzle needle received in the valve piece into a plurality of subspaces.
  • the several subspaces are hydraulically connected via a connecting channel.
  • the end portion of the nozzle needle received in the valve piece reduces the volume of the control chamber, so that the Abêtmenge and thus the loss amount is further reduced.
  • the outlet throttle and the inlet throttle are formed in the same component. This facilitates the coordination (mating).
  • the component may in particular be a valve piece in which the control space is also formed.
  • the Indian Fig. 1 shown fuel injector comprises a nozzle needle 1 having an end portion 14 which is received in a liftable manner in a valve piece 13.
  • the nozzle needle 1 defines a formed in the valve piece 13 control chamber 3.
  • the control chamber 3 is divided by the end portion 14 of the nozzle needle 1 in an upper first subspace 3.1 and a lower second subspace 3.2.
  • the two subspaces 3.1, 3.2 are hydraulically connected via an unthrottled connecting channel 15 formed in the end section 14 of the nozzle needle 1.
  • the Krafstoffinjektor shown further includes a control valve 2 for controlling the lifting movement of the nozzle needle 1.
  • a control valve 2 for controlling the lifting movement of the nozzle needle 1.
  • the nozzle spring 12 is supported on the one hand on a collar 21 of the nozzle needle 1 and on the other hand on a stop sleeve 11 which surrounds the switching element 7 and 9 forms the stop.
  • the stop sleeve 11 is freed in the region of the stop 9.
  • the spring force F D of the nozzle spring 12 holds the stop sleeve 11 in contact with the valve piece 13, so that the control chamber 3 is sealed relative to the high-pressure region 17.
  • the stop sleeve 11 has an annular sealing contour 22. At the same time the game S 2 between the stop sleeve 11 and the switching element 7 is designed narrow.
  • the switching element 7 acting in the direction of the stop 9 spring 10 is arranged in the control chamber 3 and supported by a spring plate 23 on an annular shoulder 24 de valve piece 13.
  • a further preferred embodiment of a fuel injector according to the invention is in the Fig. 2 shown.
  • the spring 10 is supported directly on an annular shoulder 24 of the valve member 13 and the end portion 14 has no enlarged outer diameter.
  • the connecting channel 15 is formed in this case by a local flattening of the end portion 14. This has the advantage that the assembly of the fuel injector is facilitated because the switching element 7 and the stop sleeve 11 can be mounted even after a welding 25 of the multiple parts of a multi-part nozzle needle 1. Furthermore, the volume of the control space 3 is reduced so that the dynamics increase.
  • Fig. 3 Another preferred embodiment is the Fig. 3 refer to.
  • the inlet throttle 5 is formed in the same component as the outlet throttle 4 in the valve piece 13. This facilitates the coordination of the two throttles with each other. It should also be considered advantageous that the fuel flowing in via the inlet throttle 5 facilitates the opening of the switching element 7.
  • the embodiment of the Fig. 3 can also with a nozzle needle 1 according to the embodiment of Fig. 2 be combined.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Kraftstoffinjektor für ein Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem, insbesondere ein Common-Rail-Einspritzsystem, mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a fuel injector for a fuel injection system, in particular a common rail injection system, having the features of the preamble of claim 1.

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Aus der Offenlegungsschrift DE 10 2012 202 538 A1 geht ein Kraftstoffinjektor für ein Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem, insbesondere ein Common-Rail-Einspritzsystem, hervor, das ein Steuerventil zur Steuerung der Hubbewegung einer hubbeweglichen Düsennadel umfasst. Mit Öffnen des Steuerventils wird eine Verbindung eines Ventilraums mit einem Niederdruckbereich hergestellt, so dass der Druck im Ventilraum abfällt. Der Druckabfall im Ventilraum bewirkt zugleich einen Druckabfall in einem Steuerraum, der über eine Ablaufdrossel mit dem Ventilraum verbunden ist. Durch den Druckabfall im Steuerraum wird die Düsennadel entlastet und vermag zu öffnen. Um die bei geöffnetem Steuerventil über die Ablaufdrossel in den Niederdruckbereich abströmende Kraftstoffmenge gering zu halten, ist im Steuerraum ein Schließelement aufgenommen, über welches eine Zulaufdrossel passiv schaltbar ist. Das heißt, dass bei geöffnetem Steuerventil kein Kraftstoff in den Steuerraum nachströmt und die Absteuermenge auf die im Steuerraum und im Ventilraum vorhandene Menge beschränkt bleibt. Dies hat zur Folge, dass die Effizienz des Systems steigt und der Wärmeeintrag in den Niederdruckbereich verringert wird.From the publication DE 10 2012 202 538 A1 shows a fuel injector for a fuel injection system, in particular a common rail injection system, forth, which includes a control valve for controlling the lifting movement of a liftable nozzle needle. When the control valve is opened, a connection of a valve chamber with a low-pressure region is established so that the pressure in the valve chamber drops. The pressure drop in the valve chamber also causes a pressure drop in a control chamber, which is connected via an outlet throttle with the valve chamber. Due to the pressure drop in the control room, the nozzle needle is relieved and able to open. In order to keep the amount of fuel flowing out of the low-pressure region into the low-pressure region when the control valve is open, a closing element is accommodated in the control chamber, via which an inlet throttle is passively switchable. This means that when the control valve is open, no fuel flows into the control chamber and the amount of exhaust is limited to the amount present in the control chamber and in the valve chamber. As a result, the efficiency of the system increases and the heat input into the low pressure area is reduced.

Aus der Offenlegungsschrift DE 10 2012 223 166 geht ein Kraftstoffinjektor hervor, wobei stromaufwärts der Zulaufdrossel ein druckbetätigbares weiteres Ventil mit einem verschiebbaren Ventilelement zum Freigeben und Verschließen einer hydraulischen Verbindung der Zulaufdrossel mit einem Hochdruckbereich ausgebildet ist.From the publication DE 10 2012 223 166 shows a fuel injector, wherein upstream of the inlet throttle a pressure-actuated further valve with a displaceable valve element for releasing and closing a hydraulic connection of the inlet throttle is formed with a high-pressure region.

Mit steigenden Einspritzdrücken steigt der Durchfluss der Ablaufdrossel eines Kraftstoffinjektors, so dass zwangsläufig auch die Erwärmung stromabwärts der Ablaufdrossel zunimmt. Um höhere Einspritzdrücke zu ermöglichen, müssen daher Maßnahmen ergriffen werden, welche die Absteuermenge weiter reduzieren.With increasing injection pressures, the flow rate of the outlet throttle of a fuel injector increases, so that inevitably also the heating downstream of the outlet throttle increases. In order to enable higher injection pressures, therefore, measures must be taken, which further reduce the Absteuermenge.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Kraftstoffinjektor für ein Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem, insbesondere ein Common-Rail-Einspritzsystem, bereitzustellen, bei dem die Absteuermenge möglichst gering ist.The present invention is therefore an object of the invention to provide a fuel injector for a fuel injection system, in particular a common rail injection system, in which the Absteuermenge is minimized.

Zur Lösung der Aufgabe wird der Kraftstoffinjektor mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 vorgeschlagen. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind den Unteransprüchen zu entnehmen.To solve the problem, the fuel injector with the features of claim 1 is proposed. Advantageous developments of the invention can be found in the dependent claims.

Offenbarung der ErfindungDisclosure of the invention

Der für ein Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem, insbesondere ein Common-Rail-Einspritzsystem, vorgeschlagene Kraftstoffinjektor umfasst zum Freigeben und Verschließen mindestens einer Einspritzöffnung eine hubbewegliche Düsennadel. Zur Steuerung der Hubbewegung der Düsennadel ist ein Steuerventil vorgesehen. Das Steuerventil bewirkt in Offenstellung eine Entlastung eines Steuerraums. Denn bei geöffnetem Steuerventil ist eine Verbindung des Steuerraums mit einem Niederdruckbereich über eine Ablaufdrossel hergestellt, so dass Kraftstoff aus dem Steuerraum in den Niederdruckbereich abzuströmen vermag. Zur Befüllung des Steuerraums mit Kraftstoff ist eine Zulaufdrossel vorgesehen, die in den Steuerraum mündet und den Steuerraum mit einem Hochdruckbereich verbindet. Um die bei geöffnetem Steuerventil über die Ablaufdrossel abströmende Kraftstoffmenge zu reduzieren, ist erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen, dass die Zulaufdrossel über ein mit einer Steuerkante zusammenwirkendes ringförmiges Schaltelement, das auf der Düsennadel hubbeweglich geführt ist, zu- oder abschaltbar ist. Weiter ist das Schaltelement in Richtung eines Anschlags von der Federkraft einer Feder beaufschlagt und der Anschlag ist an einer Anschlaghülse ausgebildet, die das Schaltelement umgibt. Die Anschlaghülse ist in radialer Richtung schwimmend gelagert, das heißt, dass die Führung des Schaltelements allein über die Düsennadel bewirkt wird, oder die Anschlaghülse ist mittels einer Feder axial vorgespannt. Als Feder kann beispielsweise eine Düsenfeder dienen, deren Federkraft die Düsennadel in Schließrichtung beaufschlagt. Die Feder ist einerseits an der Anschlaghülse und andererseits unmittelbar oder mittelbar an der Düsennadel abgestützt.The fuel injector proposed for a fuel injection system, in particular a common rail injection system, comprises a liftable nozzle needle for releasing and closing at least one injection opening. To control the lifting movement of the nozzle needle, a control valve is provided. The control valve causes in the open position a discharge of a control room. For when the control valve is open, a connection of the control chamber is made with a low-pressure region via an outlet throttle, so that fuel is able to flow out of the control chamber in the low-pressure region. For filling the control chamber with fuel, an inlet throttle is provided, which opens into the control chamber and connects the control chamber with a high-pressure region. In order to reduce the amount of fuel flowing out of the outlet throttle when the control valve is open, it is provided according to the invention that the inlet throttle can be switched on or off via a ring-shaped switching element cooperating with a control edge, which is guided in a liftable manner on the nozzle needle. Further, the switching element is acted upon in the direction of a stop by the spring force of a spring and the stop is formed on a stop sleeve, which surrounds the switching element. The stop sleeve is mounted floating in the radial direction, that is, that the leadership of the switching element is effected solely on the nozzle needle, or the stop sleeve is axially biased by a spring. As a spring, for example, serve a nozzle spring whose spring force acts on the nozzle needle in the closing direction. The spring is supported on the one hand on the stop sleeve and on the other hand directly or indirectly on the nozzle needle.

Mit Abschalten der Zulaufdrossel wird der Kraftstoffzulauf in den Steuerraum unterbrochen. Das heißt, dass bei abgeschalteter Zulaufdrossel kein Kraftstoff in den Steuerraum nachströmt. Ist die Zulaufdrossel bei geöffnetem Steuerventil abgeschaltet, kann maximal die im Steuerraum vorhandene Menge abgesteuert werden. Auf diese Weise wird der Durchfluss der Ablaufdrossel gering gehalten. Ferner kann der Ventilhub des Steuerventils verringert werden, was eine verbesserte Performance mit sich bringt. Die Federkraft der Feder soll sicherstellen, dass mit Schließen des Steuerventils die Zulaufdrossel wieder zugeschaltet wird. Der Anschlag ist hierzu bevorzugt auf einer der Steuerkante abgewandten Seite des Schaltelements angeordnet. Entsprechend dem Führungsspiel zwischen dem Schaltelement und der Düsennadel ist auch das Spiel zwischen der Anschlaghülse und dem Schaltelement möglichst eng gewählt, um die beidseits des Schaltelements liegenden Druckräume sicher zu trennen. Durch die axiale Vorspannung ist die Anschlaghülse in axialer Richtung lagefixiert, so dass der Anschlag fest vorgegeben ist.When the inlet throttle is switched off, the fuel supply to the control room is interrupted. This means that no fuel flows into the control chamber when the inlet throttle is switched off. If the inlet throttle is switched off when the control valve is open, the maximum amount available in the control chamber can be deactivated. In this way, the flow of the outlet throttle is kept low. Further, the valve lift of the control valve can be reduced, resulting in improved performance. The spring force of the spring should ensure that the inlet throttle is switched on again when the control valve closes. For this purpose, the stop is preferably arranged on a side of the switching element facing away from the control edge. According to the guide play between the switching element and the nozzle needle and the game between the stop sleeve and the switching element is chosen as narrow as possible to safely separate lying on both sides of the switching element pressure chambers. Due to the axial bias, the stop sleeve is fixed in position in the axial direction, so that the stop is fixed.

Das Zu- und Abschalten der Zulaufdrossel erfordert jeweils eine Hubbewegung des Schaltelements. Vorzugsweise ist das Schaltelement druckgesteuert, so dass keine zusätzliche Aktorik erforderlich ist, um die Hubbewegung des Schaltelements zu steuern.The connection and disconnection of the inlet throttle each requires a stroke movement of the switching element. Preferably, the switching element is pressure-controlled, so that no additional actuator is required to control the lifting movement of the switching element.

Das Schaltelement wirkt vorzugsweise mit einer Steuerkante zusammen, die ringförmig ausgebildet und stromabwärts der Zulaufdrossel angeordnet ist. Die Anordnung erfolgt demnach im Strömungspfad des Kraftstoffs. Beispielsweise kann die ringförmige Steuerkante innenumfangseitig an einem Ventilstück ausgebildet sein, in dem auch der Steuerraum ausgebildet ist. Durch die Ringform bildet die Steuerkante eine umlaufende Dichtkante aus, die als Dichtsitz für das hubbewegliche Schaltelement eingesetzt werden kann.The switching element preferably cooperates with a control edge, which is annular and arranged downstream of the inlet throttle. The arrangement thus takes place in the flow path of the fuel. For example, the annular control edge may be formed on the inner circumference of a valve piece, in which the control chamber is formed. Due to the ring shape, the control edge forms a circumferential sealing edge, which can be used as a sealing seat for the liftable switching element.

Das Schaltelement ist axial verschiebbar gegenüber der Düsennadel, da es auf der Düsennadel hubbeweglich geführt ist. Das Führungsspiel zwischen dem Schaltelement und der Düsennadel ist vorzugsweise eng ausgelegt, um beidseits des Schaltelements ausgebildete Druckräume voneinander zu trennen. Durch eine Veränderung des Drucks in einem Druckraum kann dann die Hubbewegung des Schaltelements gesteuert werden.The switching element is axially displaceable relative to the nozzle needle, since it is guided in a liftable manner on the nozzle needle. The guide play between the switching element and the nozzle needle is preferably designed to be narrow in order to separate pressure chambers formed on both sides of the switching element. By changing the pressure in a pressure chamber, the stroke movement of the switching element can then be controlled.

Vorteilhafterweise weist das Schaltelement eine den Steuerraum begrenzende hydraulische Wirkfläche auf, an welcher der Steuerdruck anliegt. Denn der Steuerdruck verändert sich in Abhängigkeit von der Schaltstellung des Steuerventils. Der Steuerdruck kann demnach nicht nur zur Steuerung der Hubbewegung der Düsennadel, sondern ferner zur Steuerung der Hubbewegung des Schaltelements genutzt werden. Bei den beiden zu trennenden Druckräumen handelt es sich daher bevorzugt einerseits um den Steuerraum und andererseits um einen an den Hochdruckbereich des Kraftstoffinjektors angebundenen Druckraum.Advantageously, the switching element on a control space limiting hydraulic active surface on which the control pressure is applied. Because the control pressure changes depending on the switching position of the control valve. The control pressure can therefore be used not only for controlling the lifting movement of the nozzle needle, but also for controlling the lifting movement of the switching element. The two pressure chambers to be separated are therefore preferably on the one hand the control chamber and on the other hand a pressure chamber connected to the high-pressure region of the fuel injector.

Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist die Zulaufdrossel im Schaltelement ausgebildet. Diese Anordnung erweist sich insbesondere dann als günstig, wenn das Schaltelement den Steuerraum von einem Zulaufbereich des Kraftstoffinjektors trennt. Denn dann kann die Zulaufdrossel durch eine einfache Axialbohrung im Schaltelement realisiert werden.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the inlet throttle is formed in the switching element. This arrangement proves to be particularly favorable when the switching element separates the control chamber from an inlet region of the fuel injector. Because then the inlet throttle can be realized by a simple axial bore in the switching element.

Der Steuerraum ist vorzugsweise in einem Ventilstück ausgebildet und durch einen im Ventilstück aufgenommenen Endabschnitt der Düsennadel in mehrere Teilräume unterteilt. Die mehreren Teilräume sind dabei über einen Verbindungskanal hydraulisch verbunden. Der im Ventilstück aufgenommene Endabschnitt der Düsennadel verkleinert das Volumen des Steuerraums, so dass die Absteuermenge und damit die Verlustmenge weiter verringert wird.The control chamber is preferably formed in a valve piece and divided by an end portion of the nozzle needle received in the valve piece into a plurality of subspaces. The several subspaces are hydraulically connected via a connecting channel. The end portion of the nozzle needle received in the valve piece reduces the volume of the control chamber, so that the Absteuermenge and thus the loss amount is further reduced.

Idealerweise sind die Ablaufdrossel und die Zulaufdrossel im selben Bauteil ausgebildet. Das erleichtert die Abstimmung (Paarung). Bei dem Bauteil kann es sich insbesondere um ein Ventilstück handeln, in dem auch der Steuerraum ausgebildet ist.Ideally, the outlet throttle and the inlet throttle are formed in the same component. This facilitates the coordination (mating). The component may in particular be a valve piece in which the control space is also formed.

Bevorzugte Ausführungsformen der Erfindung werden nachfolgend anhand der beigefügten Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Diese zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 einen schematischen Längsschnitt durch einen ersten erfindungsgemäßen Kraftstoffinjektor,
  • Fig. 2 einen schematischen Längsschnitt durch einen zweiten erfindungsgemäßen Kraftstoffinjektor und
  • Fig. 3 einen schematischen Längsschnitt durch einen dritten erfindungsgemäßen Kraftstoffinjektor.
Preferred embodiments of the invention are explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings. These show:
  • Fig. 1 a schematic longitudinal section through a first fuel injector according to the invention,
  • Fig. 2 a schematic longitudinal section through a second fuel injector according to the invention and
  • Fig. 3 a schematic longitudinal section through a third fuel injector according to the invention.

Ausführliche Beschreibung der ZeichnungenDetailed description of the drawings

Der in der Fig. 1 dargestellte Kraftstoffinjektor umfasst eine Düsennadel 1 mit einem Endabschnitt 14, der in einem Ventilstück 13 hubbeweglich aufgenommen ist. Auf diese Weise begrenzt die Düsennadel 1 einen im Ventilstück 13 ausgebildeten Steuerraum 3. Der Steuerraum 3 wird dabei durch den Endabschnitt 14 der Düsennadel 1 in einen oberen ersten Teilraum 3.1 und einen unteren zweiten Teilraum 3.2 unterteilt. Die beiden Teilräume 3.1, 3.2 sind über einen im Endabschnitt 14 der Düsennadel 1 ausgebildeten ungedrosselten Verbindungskanal 15 hydraulisch verbunden.The Indian Fig. 1 shown fuel injector comprises a nozzle needle 1 having an end portion 14 which is received in a liftable manner in a valve piece 13. In this way, the nozzle needle 1 defines a formed in the valve piece 13 control chamber 3. The control chamber 3 is divided by the end portion 14 of the nozzle needle 1 in an upper first subspace 3.1 and a lower second subspace 3.2. The two subspaces 3.1, 3.2 are hydraulically connected via an unthrottled connecting channel 15 formed in the end section 14 of the nozzle needle 1.

Der dargestellte Krafstoffinjektor umfasst ferner ein Steuerventil 2 zur Steuerung der Hubbewegung der Düsennadel 1. Bei geöffnetem Steuerventil 2, vermag Kraftstoff über eine Ablaufdrossel 4 aus dem oberen ersten Teilraum 3.1 in einen Niederdruckbereich 16 zu strömen. Damit baut sich Druck im ersten Teilraum 3.1 ab, was zur Folge hat, dass die Düsennadel 1 entgegen der Federkraft FD einer Düsenfeder 12 öffnet.The Krafstoffinjektor shown further includes a control valve 2 for controlling the lifting movement of the nozzle needle 1. When the control valve 2 is open, fuel via an outlet throttle 4 from the upper first subspace 3.1 in a low pressure region 16 to flow. This pressure builds up in the first subspace 3.1, which has the consequence that the nozzle needle 1 against the spring force F D opens a nozzle spring 12.

Aufgrund der hydraulischen Verbindung der beiden Teilräume 3.1, 3.2 baut sich auch Druck im unteren zweiten Teilraum 3.2 ab. Dieser wird in axialer Richtung von einer hydraulischen Wirkfläche 8 eines ringförmigen Schaltelements 7, das auf der Düsennadel 1 hubbeweglich geführt ist, begrenzt. Da das Führungsspiel S1 zwischen dem Schaltelement 7 und der Düsennadel 1 eng ausgelegt ist, dichtet das Schaltelement 7 den unteren zweiten Teilraum 3.2 bzw. den Steuerraum 3 gegenüber einem Hochdruckbereich 17 des Kraftstoffinjektors ab. Der Druckabbau im unteren zweiten Teilraum 3.2 hat zur Folge, dass ein Druckgefälle zwischen der Oberseite und der Unterseite des ringförmigen Schaltelements 7 entsteht, so dass das Schaltelement 7 von einer hydraulischen Druckkraft Fhyd beaufschlagt wird. Übersteigt die hydraulische Druckkraft Fhyd eine Federkraft FS einer Feder 10, die das Schaltelement 7 gegen einen Anschlag 9 drückt, bewegt sich das Schaltelement 7 entgegen der Federkraft FS nach oben bis es zur Anlage an einer Steuerkante 6 gelangt. In dieser Position unterbricht das Schaltelement 7 den Zulauf von Kraftstoff in den Steuerraum 3 über eine Zulaufdrossel 5, die bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 1 im Schaltelement 7 ausgebildet ist. Bei geöffnetem Steuerventil 2 bzw. während eines Einspritzvorgangs vermag demnach kein Kraftstoff in den Steuerraum 3 nachzuströmen. Dies hat zur Folge, dass die Absteuermenge auf die bereits im Steuerraum 3 vorhandene Menge beschränkt bleibt.Due to the hydraulic connection of the two subspaces 3.1, 3.2, pressure also builds up in the lower second subspace 3.2. This is in the axial direction of a hydraulic active surface 8 of an annular switching element 7, which is guided on the nozzle needle 1 hubbeweglich limited. Since the guide clearance S 1 between the switching element 7 and the nozzle needle 1 is designed narrow, the switching element 7 seals the lower second subspace 3.2 and the control chamber 3 from a high pressure region 17 of the fuel injector. The pressure reduction in the lower second subspace 3.2 has the consequence that a pressure gradient between the top and the bottom of the annular switching element 7 is formed, so that the switching element 7 is acted upon by a hydraulic pressure force F hyd . If the hydraulic pressure force F hyd exceeds a spring force F S of a spring 10 which presses the switching element 7 against a stop 9, the switching element 7 moves upward counter to the spring force F S until it comes to bear against a control edge 6. In this position, the switching element 7 interrupts the supply of fuel in the control chamber 3 via an inlet throttle 5, which in the embodiment of the Fig. 1 is formed in the switching element 7. When the control valve 2 is open or during an injection process, therefore, no fuel can flow into the control chamber 3. This has the consequence that the Absteuermenge remains limited to the already existing in the control room 3 amount.

Zum Schließen der Düsennadel 1 wird die Bestromung einer Magnetspule (nicht dargestellt), die zur Betätigung des Steuerventils 2 vorgesehen ist, beendet. Dies hat zur Folge, dass die Federkraft A einer Ankerfeder (nicht dargestellt) einen Anker 18 nach unten drückt. Dabei stellt der Anker 18 ein kugelförmiges Ventilschließelement 19 in einen Ventilsitz 20, so dass die Ablaufdrossel 4 versperrt ist. Ein weiteres Abströmen von Kraftstoff aus dem Steuerraum 3 in den Niederdruckbereich 16 wird somit unterbunden. Die sich weiterhin öffnende Düsennadel 1 komprimiert das Volumen im oberen ersten Teilraum 3.1, was zu einem Druckanstieg sowohl im oberen ersten Teilraum 3.1 als auch im unteren zweiten Teilraum 3.2 des Steuerraums 3 führt. Dabei reduziert sich das Druckgefälle zwischen der Oberseite und der Unterseite des Schaltelements 7 bis die Federkraft FS die hydraulisch wirksame Druckkraft Fhyd übersteigt und das Schaltelement 7 gegen den Anschlag 9 zurückstellt. In dieser Position des Schaltelements 7 ist die Zulaufdrossel 5 wieder freigegeben und Kraftstoff vermag über die Zulaufdrossel 5 in den unteren zweiten Teilraum 3.2 und von dort über den Verbindungskanal 15 in den oberen ersten Teilraum 3.2 des Steuerraums 3 zu strömen. Bedingt durch den Druckaufbau im Steuerraum 3 und der in Schließrichtung wirkenden Federkraft FD der Düsenfeder 12 verfährt die Düsennadel 1 in Richtung eines Dichtsitzes (nicht dargestellt) und beendet die Einspritzung.To close the nozzle needle 1, the energization of a solenoid (not shown), which is provided for actuating the control valve 2, terminated. This has the consequence that the spring force A of an armature spring (not shown) presses an armature 18 down. In this case, the armature 18, a spherical valve closure member 19 in a valve seat 20, so that the outlet throttle 4 is blocked. Further outflow of fuel from the control chamber 3 in the low pressure region 16 is thus prevented. The further opening nozzle needle 1 compresses the volume in the upper first subspace 3.1, which leads to an increase in pressure both in the upper first subspace 3.1 and in the lower second subspace 3.2 of the control chamber 3. In this case, the pressure gradient between the top and the bottom of the switching element 7 reduces until the spring force F S exceeds the hydraulically effective pressure force F hyd and the switching element 7 resets against the stop 9. In this position, the switching element 7, the inlet throttle 5 is released again and fuel is able to flow through the inlet throttle 5 in the lower second subspace 3.2 and from there via the connecting channel 15 in the upper first subspace 3.2 of the control chamber 3. Due to the pressure build-up in the control chamber 3 and acting in the closing direction spring force F D of Nozzle spring 12 moves the nozzle needle 1 in the direction of a sealing seat (not shown) and ends the injection.

Die Düsenfeder 12 ist einerseits an einem Bund 21 der Düsennadel 1 und andererseits an einer Anschlaghülse 11 abgestützt, die das Schaltelement 7 umgibt und den Anschlag 9 ausbildet. Um den Zulauf von Kraftstoff zu gewährleisten, wenn das Schaltelement 7 am Anschlag 9 anliegt, ist die Anschlaghülse 11 im Bereich des Anschlags 9 freigespart. Die Federkraft FD der Düsenfeder 12 hält die Anschlaghülse 11 in Anlage mit dem Ventilstück 13, so dass der Steuerraum 3 gegenüber dem Hochdruckbereich 17 abgedichtet ist. Zur Erhöhung der Dichtkraft weist die Anschlaghülse 11 eine ringförmige Dichtkontur 22 auf. Zugleich ist das Spiel S2 zwischen der Anschlaghülse 11 und dem Schaltelement 7 eng ausgelegt.The nozzle spring 12 is supported on the one hand on a collar 21 of the nozzle needle 1 and on the other hand on a stop sleeve 11 which surrounds the switching element 7 and 9 forms the stop. In order to ensure the inflow of fuel when the switching element 7 rests against the stop 9, the stop sleeve 11 is freed in the region of the stop 9. The spring force F D of the nozzle spring 12 holds the stop sleeve 11 in contact with the valve piece 13, so that the control chamber 3 is sealed relative to the high-pressure region 17. To increase the sealing force, the stop sleeve 11 has an annular sealing contour 22. At the same time the game S 2 between the stop sleeve 11 and the switching element 7 is designed narrow.

Die das Schaltelement 7 in Richtung des Anschlags 9 beaufschlagende Feder 10 ist im Steuerraum 3 angeordnet und über einen Federteller 23 an einem ringförmigen Absatz 24 de Ventilstücks 13 abgestützt.The switching element 7 acting in the direction of the stop 9 spring 10 is arranged in the control chamber 3 and supported by a spring plate 23 on an annular shoulder 24 de valve piece 13.

Eine weitere bevorzugte Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Kraftstoffinjektors ist in der Fig. 2 dargestellt. Hier ist die Feder 10 unmittelbar an einem ringförmigen Absatz 24 des Ventilstücks 13 abgestützt und der Endabschnitt 14 weist keinen vergrößerten Außendurchmesser auf. Der Verbindungskanal 15 wird in diesem Fall durch eine lokale Abflachung des Endabschnitts 14 gebildet. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass die Montage des Kraftstoffinjektors erleichtert wird, da das Schaltelement 7 und die Anschlaghülse 11 auch noch nach einer Verschweißung 25 der mehreren Teile einer mehrteilig ausgebildeten Düsennadel 1 montiert werden können. Ferner wird das Volumen des Steuerraums 3 verkleinert, so dass die Dynamik steigt.A further preferred embodiment of a fuel injector according to the invention is in the Fig. 2 shown. Here, the spring 10 is supported directly on an annular shoulder 24 of the valve member 13 and the end portion 14 has no enlarged outer diameter. The connecting channel 15 is formed in this case by a local flattening of the end portion 14. This has the advantage that the assembly of the fuel injector is facilitated because the switching element 7 and the stop sleeve 11 can be mounted even after a welding 25 of the multiple parts of a multi-part nozzle needle 1. Furthermore, the volume of the control space 3 is reduced so that the dynamics increase.

Eine weitere bevorzugte Ausführungsform ist der Fig. 3 zu entnehmen. Hier ist die Zulaufdrossel 5 im selben Bauteil wie die Ablaufdrossel 4 ausgebildet und zwar im Ventilstück 13. Dies erleichtert die Abstimmung der beiden Drosseln miteinander. Als vorteilhaft ist ferner anzusehen, dass der über die Zulaufdrossel 5 zuströmende Kraftstoff das Öffnen des Schaltelements 7 erleichtert.Another preferred embodiment is the Fig. 3 refer to. Here, the inlet throttle 5 is formed in the same component as the outlet throttle 4 in the valve piece 13. This facilitates the coordination of the two throttles with each other. It should also be considered advantageous that the fuel flowing in via the inlet throttle 5 facilitates the opening of the switching element 7.

Die Ausführungsform der Fig. 3 kann auch mit einer Düsennadel 1 gemäß dem Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 2 kombiniert werden.The embodiment of the Fig. 3 can also with a nozzle needle 1 according to the embodiment of Fig. 2 be combined.

Claims (6)

  1. Fuel injector for a fuel injection system, in particular a common-rail injection system, comprising a nozzle needle (1) which can perform stroke movements and which serves for opening up and closing off at least one injection opening, furthermore comprising a control valve (2) for controlling the stroke movement of the nozzle needle (1), wherein the control valve (2), in an open position, effects a release of pressure from a control chamber (3) via an outflow throttle (4), which control chamber can be filled with fuel via an inflow throttle (5) which opens into the control chamber (3), wherein the inflow throttle (5) is activatable or deactivatable by means of a ring-shaped switching element (7) which interacts with a control edge (6) and which is guided, such that it can perform stroke movements, on the nozzle needle (1),
    characterized in that
    the switching element (7) is acted on in the direction of a stop (9) by the spring force of a spring (10), and the stop (9) is formed on a stop sleeve (11) which surrounds the switching element (7), wherein the stop sleeve (11) is mounted in floating fashion in a radial direction and/or is axially preloaded by the spring force of a nozzle spring (12), which at the other end is supported directly or indirectly on the nozzle needle (1).
  2. Fuel injector according to Claim 1,
    characterized in that the control edge (6) is of ring-shaped form and is arranged downstream of the inflow throttle (5).
  3. Fuel injector according to Claim 1 or 2,
    characterized in that the switching element (7) has a hydraulic effective surface (8) which delimits the control chamber (3) and which is acted on by the control pressure.
  4. Fuel injector according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that the inflow throttle (5) is formed in the switching element (7).
  5. Fuel injector according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that the control chamber (3) is formed in a valve piece (13) and is divided, by an end section (14), which is received in the valve piece (13), of the nozzle needle (1), into multiple partial chambers (3.1, 3.2) which are hydraulically connected by means of a connecting duct (15).
  6. Fuel injector according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that the outflow throttle (4) and the inflow throttle (5) are formed in the same component, preferably in the valve piece (13).
EP16153842.6A 2015-03-27 2016-02-02 Fuel injector for a fuel injection system Not-in-force EP3073106B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102015205582.5A DE102015205582A1 (en) 2015-03-27 2015-03-27 Fuel injector for a fuel injection system

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EP3073106A1 EP3073106A1 (en) 2016-09-28
EP3073106B1 true EP3073106B1 (en) 2018-04-18

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102019208333A1 (en) * 2019-06-07 2020-12-10 Robert Bosch Gmbh Fuel injector, method of operating a fuel injector

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102012202538A1 (en) 2012-02-20 2013-08-22 Robert Bosch Gmbh fuel injector
DE102012223166A1 (en) * 2012-12-14 2014-06-18 Robert Bosch Gmbh fuel injector
DE102012224398A1 (en) * 2012-12-27 2014-07-03 Robert Bosch Gmbh Fuel injection valve for injecting fuel into combustion chambers of high-speed self-ignition engine of vehicle, has switching case cooperating with sealing seat placed at inner side of valve piece to open and close inlet throttle
DE102012224397A1 (en) * 2012-12-27 2014-07-03 Robert Bosch Gmbh Fuel injection valve for internal combustion engine, has nozzle needle that is provided with recess on nozzle seat end to receive guide pins, such that nozzle needle on guide pin is guided with longitudinal movement

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DE102015205582A1 (en) 2016-09-29

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