EP2628940B1 - Fuel injector - Google Patents

Fuel injector Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2628940B1
EP2628940B1 EP13152181.7A EP13152181A EP2628940B1 EP 2628940 B1 EP2628940 B1 EP 2628940B1 EP 13152181 A EP13152181 A EP 13152181A EP 2628940 B1 EP2628940 B1 EP 2628940B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
valve
chamber
throttle
control
fuel injector
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
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EP13152181.7A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2628940A1 (en
Inventor
Henning Kreschel
Michael Mennicken
Lars Reichelt
Hans-Christoph Magel
Wolfgang Stoecklein
Lorenz Zerle
Volker Beuche
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Publication of EP2628940A1 publication Critical patent/EP2628940A1/en
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Publication of EP2628940B1 publication Critical patent/EP2628940B1/en
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M47/00Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
    • F02M47/02Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure of accumulator-injector type, i.e. having fuel pressure of accumulator tending to open, and fuel pressure in other chamber tending to close, injection valves and having means for periodically releasing that closing pressure
    • F02M47/027Electrically actuated valves draining the chamber to release the closing pressure
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012Valves
    • F02M63/0031Valves characterized by the type of valves, e.g. special valve member details, valve seat details, valve housing details
    • F02M63/0033Lift valves, i.e. having a valve member that moves perpendicularly to the plane of the valve seat
    • F02M63/0035Poppet valves, i.e. having a mushroom-shaped valve member that moves perpendicularly to the plane of the valve seat
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012Valves
    • F02M63/0031Valves characterized by the type of valves, e.g. special valve member details, valve seat details, valve housing details
    • F02M63/0054Check valves
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012Valves
    • F02M63/007Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of the groups F02M63/0014 - F02M63/0059
    • F02M63/0078Valve member details, e.g. special shape, hollow or fuel passages in the valve member
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/28Details of throttles in fuel-injection apparatus
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2547/00Special features for fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
    • F02M2547/001Control chambers formed by movable sleeves
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2547/00Special features for fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
    • F02M2547/008Means for influencing the flow rate out of or into a control chamber, e.g. depending on the position of the needle

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Kraftstoffinjektor für ein Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem, insbesondere ein Common-Rail-Einspritzsystem, mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a fuel injector for a fuel injection system, in particular a common rail injection system, having the features of the preamble of claim 1.

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Aus der Offenlegungsschrift DE 10 2004 030 445 A1 geht ein KraftstoffEinspritzventil mit einer hubbeweglichen Ventilnadel zum Schließen und Freigeben von Einspritzöffnungen sowie einem Steuerventil zum Steuern der Hubbewegung der Ventilnadel hervor. Die Ventilnadel begrenzt eine Steuerkammer, welche über eine Zuflussdrossel mit einer bei Betrieb Kraftstoff unter hohem Druck führenden Leitung verbunden ist, so dass in der Steuerkammer bei geschlossenem Steuerventil ein die Ventilnadel in Schließrichtung beaufschlagender Druck vorliegt. Wird das Steuerventil geöffnet, strömt über eine Abflussdrossel, welche die Steuerkammer mit dem Ventilraum des Steuerventils verbindet, Kraftstoff aus der Steuerkammer in einen Niederdruckbereich ab. Über die Schaltstellung des Steuerventils ist demnach der Druck in der Steuerkammer derart beeinflussbar, dass die Ventilnadel schließt oder öffnet. Zur Betätigung des Steuerventils ist ferner ein Aktor vorgesehen. Die Anordnung des Steuerventils und des Aktors erfolgt im Niederdruckbereich.From the publication DE 10 2004 030 445 A1 A fuel injection valve with a liftable valve needle for closing and releasing injection openings and a control valve for controlling the lifting movement of the valve needle. The valve needle defines a control chamber, which is connected via an inflow throttle with a high-pressure fuel line operating, so that in the control chamber with the control valve is closed, the valve needle in the closing direction acting pressure exists. When the control valve is opened, fuel flows from the control chamber into a low-pressure region via an outflow throttle, which connects the control chamber to the valve chamber of the control valve. On the switching position of the control valve, therefore, the pressure in the control chamber is influenced such that the valve needle closes or opens. For actuating the control valve, an actuator is further provided. The arrangement of the control valve and the actuator takes place in the low pressure area.

Die Anordnung des Steuerventils im Niederdruckbereich weist den Nachteil auf, dass bei geöffnetem Steuerventil die abströmende Steuermenge nicht auf die im Steuerraum vorhandene Menge begrenzt ist, sondern durch nachströmenden Kraftstoff, welcher über die Zulaufdrossel in den Steuerraum gelangt, erhöht wird. Dadurch wird zum Einen die Effizienz des Einspritzsystems verringert und zum Anderen der Wärmeeintrag am Aktor erhöht.The arrangement of the control valve in the low-pressure region has the disadvantage that when the control valve is open, the outflowing control quantity is not limited to the amount present in the control chamber, but is increased by inflowing fuel, which passes via the inlet throttle into the control chamber. This reduces the efficiency of the injection system and increases the heat input at the actuator.

Aus der WO 2007/098621 A1 , der FR 2 816 007 A und der WO 2011/122051 A1 sind jeweils Einspritzventile für die Kraftstoffeinspritzung in Brennräume von Brennkraftmaschinen bekannt, bei denen die Zulaufdrossel in den Steuerraum der jeweiligen Düsennadeln durch ein bewegliches Element während der Einspritzung verschlossen werden sollen, um die Rücklaufmenge des Kraftstoffs zu minimieren. Aus der EP 0 753 660 A1 ist darüber hinaus ein Kraftstoffeinspritzventil bekannt, bei dem die Zulaufdrossel durch ein außerhalb des Steuerraum angeordnetes Ventilelement zumindest zeitweise verschlossen werden soll, um dadurch ebenfalls die Rücklaufmenge zu reduzieren.From the WO 2007/098621 A1 , of the FR 2 816 007 A and the WO 2011/122051 A1 In each case, injection valves for fuel injection into combustion chambers of internal combustion engines are known in which the inlet throttle are to be closed in the control chamber of the respective nozzle needles by a movable element during the injection in order to minimize the return amount of the fuel. From the EP 0 753 660 A1 In addition, a fuel injection valve is known in which the inlet throttle is to be closed at least temporarily by a valve element arranged outside the control chamber, thereby also reducing the amount of return flow.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es daher, einen Kraftstoffinjektor der vorstehend genannten Art anzugeben, welcher diesen Nachteil nicht oder zumindest in deutlich verringertem Maße aufweist.Object of the present invention is therefore to provide a fuel injector of the aforementioned type, which does not have this disadvantage or at least to a significantly reduced extent.

Zur Lösung der Aufgabe wird der Kraftstoffinjektor mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 vorgeschlagen. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben.To solve the problem, the fuel injector with the features of claim 1 is proposed. Advantageous developments of the invention are specified in the subclaims.

Offenbarung der ErfindungDisclosure of the invention

Der vorgeschlagene Kraftstoffinjektor umfasst ein Steuerventil zur Steuerung der Hubbewegung einer hubbeweglichen Düsennadel, wobei das Steuerventil ein in einem Ventilraum hubbeweglich aufgenommenes Ventilelement besitzt, das mittels einer Ventilfeder gegen einen Ventilsitz vorgespannt und mittels eines Aktors entgegen der Federkraft der Ventilfeder aus dem Ventilsitz hebbar ist, so dass eine Verbindung des Ventilraums mit einem Niederdruckbereich herstellbar ist. Die hergestellte Verbindung des Ventilraums mit dem Niederdruckbereich bewirkt einen Druckabfall im Ventilraum des Steuerventils sowie in einem über eine Ablaufdrossel in Verbindung mit dem Ventilraum stehenden und von einer Stirnfläche der Düsennadel begrenzten Steuerraum, so dass die Düsennadel öffnet. In Schließstellung des Steuerventils hingegen ist über eine mit einem Zulaufkanal in Verbindung stehende Zulaufdrossel ein Druckanstieg im Steuerraum bewirkbar, welcher zum Schließen der Düsennadel führt. Erfindungsgemäß ist die Zulaufdrossel über ein zusätzliches Schließelement passiv schaltbar.The proposed fuel injector comprises a control valve for controlling the lifting movement of a liftable nozzle needle, wherein the control valve has a liftable in a valve chamber valve member which is biased by a valve spring against a valve seat and by means of an actuator against the spring force of the valve spring from the valve seat can be raised, so that a connection of the valve chamber with a low-pressure region can be produced. The established connection of the valve chamber with the low-pressure region causes a pressure drop in the valve chamber of the control valve and in a via a drain throttle in communication with the valve chamber and limited by an end face of the nozzle needle control chamber, so that the nozzle needle opens. In the closed position of the control valve, however, a pressure increase in the control chamber is effected via an inlet throttle communicating with an inlet channel, which leads to the closing of the nozzle needle. According to the invention, the inlet throttle is passively switchable via an additional closing element.

Durch passives Schalten der Zulaufdrossel kann bei geöffnetem Steuerventil die Verbindung des Steuerraums mit dem Zulaufkanal getrennt und die über die Ablaufdrossel und den Ventilraum in den Niederdruckbereich abströmende Steuermenge auf die im Steuerraum vorhandene Menge beschränkt werden. Dies hat eine Verringerung der Steuermenge zur Folge, wodurch die Effizienz des Einspritzsystems, insbesondere im Hinblick auf die CO2-Bilanz, erhöht wird. Zugleich nimmt der Wärmeeintrag am Aktor ab, da aufgrund der verringerten Steuermenge weniger erwärmter Kraftstoff in den Niederdruckbereich gelangt.By passive switching of the inlet throttle, the connection of the control chamber with the inlet channel can be separated with open control valve and limited via the outlet throttle and the valve chamber in the low pressure region control amount to the existing amount in the control room. This results in a reduction of the control amount, whereby the efficiency of the injection system, in particular with regard to the CO 2 balance, is increased. At the same time, the heat input at the actuator decreases because less heated fuel reaches the low pressure area due to the reduced control quantity.

Durch das passive Schalten der Zulaufdrossel können Zulauf- und Ablaufdrossel unabhängig voneinander ausgelegt werden, wobei über die Auslegung der Zulaufdrossel das Schließverhalten und über die Auslegung der Ablaufdrossel das Öffnungsverhalten des Injektors gezielt beeinflussbar sind.Through the passive switching of the inlet throttle inlet and outlet throttle can be designed independently, the design of the inlet throttle the closing behavior and the design of the outlet throttle the opening behavior of the injector can be selectively influenced.

Erfindungsgemäß ist das zusätzliche Schließelement im Steuerraum aufgenommen und zumindest teilweise elastisch verformbar ausgeführt. Bei Anordnung des Schließelementes im Steuerraum bildet dieses vorzugsweise eine Art Rückschlagventil aus, das durch den im Steuerraum vorhandenen Steuerdruck in einer Schließstellung gehalten wird, in welcher - vorzugsweise bei geöffnetem Steuerventil - keine Verbindung der Zulaufdrossel und/oder des Zulaufkanals mit dem Steuerraum besteht. Mit Schließen des Steuerventils steigt zunächst der Druck im Ventilraum an, da Kraftstoff, beispielsweise im Wege der Leckage, in den Ventilraum gelangt. Der Druckanstieg im Ventilraum hat zur Folge, dass das im Steuerraum aufgenommene Schließelement über die Ablaufdrossel von einer der Schließkraft entgegengesetzt wirkenden Druckkraft beaufschlagt wird. Aufgrund der zumindest teilweisen elastisch verformbaren Ausführung des Schließelementes bewirkt diese Druckkraft, dass das Schließelement in eine Offenstellung überführt wird, in welcher eine Verbindung der Zulaufdrossel und/oder des Zulaufkanals mit dem Steuerraum besteht, so dass eine schnelle Wiederbefüllung des Steuerraums gewährleistet ist.According to the invention, the additional closing element is accommodated in the control space and at least partially designed elastically deformable. When the closure element is arranged in the control chamber, it preferably forms a type of check valve, which is held in a closed position by the control pressure present in the control chamber, in which there is no connection of the inlet throttle and / or the inlet channel to the control chamber, preferably with the control valve open. When the control valve closes, the pressure in the valve chamber initially rises, since fuel, for example by way of leakage, enters the valve chamber. The increase in pressure in the valve chamber has the consequence that the closing element received in the control chamber is acted upon by the outlet throttle of a compressive force acting in the opposite direction to the closing force. Due to the at least partially elastically deformable design of the closing element, this pressure force causes the closing element to be transferred into an open position, in which there is a connection between the inlet throttle and / or the inlet channel with the control chamber, so that rapid refilling of the control chamber is ensured.

Weiterhin bevorzugt besitzt das zusätzliche Schließelement wenigstens eine, vorzugsweise als Drossel ausgebildete, Durchströmöffnung. Die wenigstens eine Durchströmöffnung kann der Verbindung des Steuerraums mit dem Zulaufkanal und/oder dem Ventilraum dienen. Ist die Durchströmöffnung zugleich als Drossel ausgebildet, kann auf die zusätzliche Ausbildung einer Zulauf- und/oder Ablaufdrossel verzichtet werden. Sofern die wenigstens eine Durchströmöffnung nicht zugleich als Drossel ausgebildet ist, ist die Zulaufdrossel bevorzugt im Zulaufkanal und/oder die Ablaufdrossel in einem Ablaufkanal angeordnet, welcher vorzugsweise den Steuerraum mit dem Ventilraum verbindet. Sofern die wenigstens eine im Schließelement vorgesehene Durchströmöffnung zugleich als Ablaufdrossel dient, ist diese bevorzugt koaxial zum Ablaufkanal angeordnet, um auch in Schließstellung des Schließelementes eine Verbindung des Steuerraums mit dem Ventilraum des Steuerventils sicherzustellen.Further preferably, the additional closing element has at least one, preferably designed as a throttle, flow-through. The at least one flow-through opening can serve to connect the control chamber to the inlet channel and / or the valve chamber. If the flow-through opening is also designed as a throttle, the additional design of an inlet and / or outlet throttle can be dispensed with. If the at least one flow opening is not at the same time designed as a throttle, the inlet throttle is preferably arranged in the inlet channel and / or the outlet throttle in a flow channel, which preferably connects the control chamber with the valve chamber. If the at least one flow opening provided in the closing element at the same time serves as an outlet throttle, this is preferably arranged coaxially to the flow channel to ensure a connection of the control chamber with the valve chamber of the control valve even in the closed position of the closing element.

Erfindungsgemäß ist das zusätzliche Schließelement scheibenförmig ausgebildet. Die Scheibenform bedarf nur eines geringen zusätzlichen Bauraums, so dass die Abmessungen des Injektors weitgehend unverändert bleiben können. Alternativ oder ergänzend wird zur Lagefixierung des Schließelementes vorgeschlagen, dass das Schließelement ein exzentrisch angeordnetes Fixierelement, vorzugsweise in Form einer Nase, eines Stiftes und/oder einer Lasche, besitzt. Das Fixierelement kann dabei außenumfangseitig oder auf einer Ober- oder Unterseite des vorzugsweise scheibenförmigen Schließelementes angeordnet sein. Im Injektor ist weiterhin bevorzugt eine Aufnahme für das Fixierelement ausgebildet, in welche das Fixierelement formschlüssig eingesetzt werden kann. Der Formschluss soll insbesondere ein Verdrehen des Schließelementes sowie eine damit einhergehende Lageveränderung der wenigstens einen Durchströmöffnung in Bezug auf einen Zulauf- oder Ablaufkanal verhindern. Demnach kommt das vorgeschlagene Fixierelement insbesondere bei Schließelementen zum Tragen, die eine kreisförmige Außenkontur besitzen.According to the invention, the additional closing element is disc-shaped. The disk shape requires only a small additional space, so that the dimensions of the injector can remain largely unchanged. Alternatively or additionally, it is proposed for fixing the position of the closing element that the closing element has an eccentrically arranged fixing element, preferably in the form of a nose, a pin and / or a tab. The fixing element may be arranged on the outer circumference side or on an upper or lower side of the preferably disk-shaped closing element. In the injector, a receptacle for the fixing element is further preferably formed, into which the fixing element can be inserted in a form-fitting manner. The positive connection is intended in particular to prevent a twisting of the closing element and a concomitant change in position of the at least one through-flow opening with respect to an inlet or outlet channel. Accordingly, the proposed fixing element comes into play particularly in closure elements which have a circular outer contour.

Gemäß einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung besitzt das zusätzliche Schließelement einen Federarm und einen Stützring, welcher den Federarm umgibt. Bevorzugt sind der Federarm und der Stützring einstückig ausgebildet. Ein solches Schließelement lässt sich in einfacher Weise als Stanzteil herstellen. Der Stützring dient der Abstützung des Schließelementes, während der bewegliche Federarm das eigentliche Schließelement darstellt, das in Offenstellung eine Verbindung der Zulaufdrossel mit dem Steuerraum bewirkt. Die wenigstens eine Durchströmöffnung zur Verbindung des Steuerraums mit dem Zulaufkanal und/oder dem Ventilraum ist daher bevorzugt im Federarm des Schließelementes angeordnet. Sofern ein Fixierelement am Schließelement vorgesehen ist, ist dieses vorteilhafterweise am Stützring angeordnet.According to one embodiment of the invention, the additional closing element has a spring arm and a support ring which surrounds the spring arm. Preferably, the spring arm and the support ring are integrally formed. Such a closure element can be produced in a simple manner as a stamped part. The support ring serves to support the closing element, while the movable spring arm represents the actual closing element, which causes a connection of the inlet throttle with the control chamber in the open position. The at least one flow-through opening for connecting the control chamber to the inlet channel and / or the valve chamber is therefore preferably arranged in the spring arm of the closing element. If a fixing element is provided on the closing element, this is advantageously arranged on the support ring.

Des Weiteren wird vorgeschlagen, dass der Umriss des Federarms im Wesentlichen die Form einer Zunge, eines Kreise oder eines Pilzes besitzt. Der Federarm besitzt somit eine ausreichend große Oberfläche, welche einerseits als Schließfläche, andererseits der Aufnahme der wenigstens einen Durchströmöffnung dient.Furthermore, it is proposed that the outline of the spring arm has substantially the shape of a tongue, a circle or a mushroom. The spring arm thus has a sufficiently large surface, which serves on the one hand as a closing surface, on the other hand, the recording of at least one flow opening.

Erfindungsgemäß ist das zusätzliche Schließelement zwischen einer Drosselplatte und einer den Steuerraum radial begrenzenden Hülse angeordnet ist, welche die Düsennadel umgibt. Über die Hülse, welche vorzugsweise unmittelbar oder mittelbar von der Druckkraft einer Feder in Richtung der Drosselplatte beaufschlagt wird, wird das Schließelement zumindest in einem Außenumfangsbereich, bevorzugt im Bereich eines Stützrings, in Anlage mit der Drosselplatte gehalten, während ein elastisch verformbarer zentraler Bereich des Schließelementes, bevorzugt in Form eines Federarms, von der Drosselplatte abheben und auf diese Weise die Zulaufdrossel und/oder den Zulaufkanal, in welcher die Zulaufdrossel ausgebildet ist, freigeben kann. Dies ist dann der Fall, wenn der elastisch verformbare zentrale Bereich ventilraumseitig von einem Druck beaufschlagt wird, welcher größer als der steuerraumseitig anliegende Druck ist.According to the invention, the additional closing element is arranged between a throttle plate and a sleeve radially delimiting the control chamber, which surrounds the nozzle needle. The closing element is held in contact with the throttle plate at least in an outer peripheral region, preferably in the region of a support ring, via the sleeve, which is preferably acted upon directly or indirectly by the pressure force of a spring in the direction of the throttle plate, while an elastically deformable central region of the closing element , preferably in the form of a spring arm, lift off from the throttle plate and in this way the inlet throttle and / or the inlet channel, in which the inlet throttle is formed, can release. This is the case when the elastically deformable central region is acted upon by a pressure on the valve chamber side, which pressure is greater than the pressure applied to the control chamber side.

Gemäß einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung wird vorgeschlagen, dass in der dem Steuerraum zugewandten Oberfläche der Drosselplatte eine Nut ausgebildet ist, über welche der Ventilraum mit dem Zulaufkanal verbindbar ist. Die Verbindung des Ventilraums mit dem Zulaufkanal gewährleistet eine schnelle Wiederbefüllung des Ventilraums und damit einen schnellen Druckanstieg im Ventilraum nach dem Schließen des Steuerventils. Dies hat zur Folge, dass der am Schließelement ventilraumseitig anliegende Druck den steuerraumseitig anliegenden Druck übersteigt und das Schließelement in eine Offenstellung überführt wird. In Offenstellung des Schließelementes besteht eine Verbindung der Zulaufdrossel und/oder des Zulaufkanals mit dem Steuerraum, so dass hierüber eine schnelle Wiederbefüllung des Steuerraums sowie Anhebung des Steuerdrucks gewährleistet ist, welcher zum Schließen der Düsennadel führt. Der Einspritzvorgang ist damit beendet.According to one embodiment of the invention it is proposed that in the control chamber facing surface of the throttle plate, a groove is formed, via which the valve chamber is connectable to the inlet channel. The connection of the valve chamber with the inlet channel ensures a rapid refilling of the valve chamber and thus a rapid increase in pressure in the valve chamber after closing the control valve. As a result, the pressure applied to the closing element on the valve chamber side exceeds the pressure applied on the control chamber side and the closing element is transferred into an open position. In the open position of the closing element there is a connection of the inlet throttle and / or the inlet channel with the control chamber, so that hereby a fast refilling of the control chamber and raising the control pressure is ensured, which leads to the closing of the nozzle needle. The injection process is over.

Bevorzugte Ausführungsformen der Erfindung werden nachfolgend anhand der beigefügten Zeichnungen näher beschrieben. Diese zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 einen schematischen Längsschnitt durch einen erfindungsgemäßen Kraftstoffinjektor im Bereich seines Steuerventils,
  • Fig. 2 einen schematischen Längsschnitt durch einen weiteren erfindungsgemäßen Kraftstoffinjektor im Bereich seines Steuerventils,
  • Fig. 3a-c jeweils eine Draufsicht auf ein Schließelement eines erfindungsgemäßen Kraftstoffinjektors mit unterschiedlich geformten Federarmen und
  • Fig. 4a-c jeweils eine Draufsicht auf ein Schließelement eines erfindungsgemäßen Kraftstoffinjektors mit unterschiedlich ausgestalteten Fixierelementen.
Preferred embodiments of the invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. These show:
  • Fig. 1 a schematic longitudinal section through a fuel injector according to the invention in the region of its control valve,
  • Fig. 2 a schematic longitudinal section through another fuel injector according to the invention in the region of its control valve,
  • Fig. 3a-c in each case a plan view of a closing element of a fuel injector according to the invention with differently shaped spring arms and
  • Fig. 4a-c in each case a plan view of a closing element of a fuel injector according to the invention with differently designed fixing elements.

Ausführliche Beschreibung der ZeichnungDetailed description of the drawing

Der in der Fig. 1 dargestellte erfindungsgemäße Kraftstoffinjektor umfasst ein mittels eines Aktors 7, beispielsweise mittels eine Piezoaktors, betätigbares Steuerventil 1 zur Steuerung der Hubbewegung einer im Injektor hubbeweglich aufgenommenen Düsennadel 2, über deren Hubbewegung wenigstens eine Einspritzöffnung (nicht dargestellt) freigebbar und verschließbar ist. Das Steuerventil 1 umfasst hierzu ein bolzenförmiges Ventilelement 4, das in einem Ventilraum 3 hubbeweglich aufgenommen ist und von der Druckkraft einer Ventilfeder 5 in Richtung eines Ventilsitzes 6 beaufschlagt wird. Wird der Aktor 7 aktiviert und das Ventilelement 4 aus dem Ventilsitz 6 gehoben, strömt im Ventilraum 3 vorhandener Kraftstoff in einen Niederdruckbereich 8 ab, was einen Druckabfall im Ventilraum 3 zur Folge hat. Dadurch, dass der Ventilraum 3 über einen in einer Drosselplatte 19 ausgebildeten Ablaufkanal 22 und eine Ablaufdrossel 9 in Verbindung mit einem Steuerraum 11 steht, nimmt auch der Steuerdruck im Steuerraum 11 ab, welcher in axialer Richtung von einer Stirnfläche 10 der Düsennadel 2 begrenzt wird. Der abnehmende Steuerdruck im Steuerraum 11 ermöglicht einen Öffnungshub der Düsennadel 2, so dass die wenigstens eine Einspritzöffnung des Injektors (nicht dargestellt) freigegeben wird und der Einspritzvorgang beginnt.The Indian Fig. 1 illustrated fuel injector according to the invention comprises an actuatable by means of an actuator 7, for example by means of a piezoelectric actuator control valve 1 for controlling the lifting movement of a liftable in the injector nozzle needle 2, via the lifting movement at least one injection port (not shown) is releasable and closable. For this purpose, the control valve 1 comprises a bolt-shaped valve element 4, which is received in a liftable manner in a valve chamber 3 and is acted upon by the pressure force of a valve spring 5 in the direction of a valve seat 6. If the actuator 7 is activated and the valve element 4 is lifted out of the valve seat 6, fuel present in the valve chamber 3 flows into a low-pressure region 8, which results in a pressure drop in the valve chamber 3. Characterized in that the valve chamber 3 is connected via a formed in a throttle plate 19 drain passage 22 and an outlet throttle 9 in conjunction with a control chamber 11, and the control pressure in the control chamber 11 decreases, which is limited in the axial direction of an end face 10 of the nozzle needle 2. The decreasing control pressure in the control chamber 11 allows an opening stroke of the nozzle needle 2, so that the at least one injection opening of the injector (not shown) is released and the injection process begins.

Um in Offenstellung des Steuerventils 1 die über die Ablaufdrossel 9 und den Ventilraum 3 abströmende Steuermenge zu beschränken, weist der erfindungsgemäße Kraftstoffinjektor der Fig. 1 ein zusätzliches scheibenförmiges Schließelement 14 auf, mittels dessen eine Zulaufdrossel 13 passiv schaltbar ist. Über die Zulaufdrossel 13 ist der Steuerraum 11 mit einem Zulaufkanal 12 verbindbar, so dass die Wiederbefüllung des Steuerraums 11 mit Schließen des Steuerventils 1 sichergestellt ist. In Offenstellung des Steuerventils 1 stellt jedoch das zusätzliche Schließelement 14 sicher, dass kein Kraftstoff aus dem Zulaufkanal 12 nachströmt, um die Steuermenge auf die im Steuerraum 11 vorhandene Menge zu beschränken. Das zusätzliche Schließelement 14 ist hierzu teilweise elastisch verformbar ausgebildet, so dass es eine Schließ- und eine Offenstellung einnehmen kann. Während in der Schließstellung die Verbindung des Steuerraums 11 mit dem Zulaufkanal 12 getrennt ist, wird in der Offenstellung des Schließelementes 14 die Verbindung über eine im Schließelement 14 ausgebildete Durchströmöffnung 15 wieder hergestellt. Eine weitere im Schließelement 14 ausgebildete Durchströmöffnung 9 ist zugleich als Drossel ausgebildet und dient als Ablaufdrossel 9, wobei die Durchströmöffnung 9 koaxial zum Ablaufkanal 22 angeordnet ist, so dass eine dauerhafte Verbindung des Steuerraums 11 mit dem Ventilraum 3 gewährleistet ist.In order to limit in the open position of the control valve 1 via the outlet throttle 9 and the valve chamber 3 effluent control amount, the fuel injector according to the invention Fig. 1 an additional disk-shaped closing element 14, by means of which an inlet throttle 13 is passively switchable. About the inlet throttle 13, the control chamber 11 is connected to an inlet channel 12, so that the refilling of the control chamber 11 is ensured with closing of the control valve 1. In the open position of the control valve 1, however, the additional closing element 14 ensures that no fuel from the inlet channel 12th nachströmt to limit the control amount to the amount present in the control chamber 11. For this purpose, the additional closing element 14 is partially elastically deformable, so that it can assume a closed and an open position. While in the closed position, the connection of the control chamber 11 is separated with the inlet channel 12, in the open position of the closing element 14, the connection is restored via a flow-through opening 15 formed in the closing element 14. Another formed in the closing element 14 throughflow 9 is also designed as a throttle and serves as a drain throttle 9, wherein the flow-through 9 is arranged coaxially to the drain passage 22, so that a permanent connection of the control chamber 11 is ensured with the valve chamber 3.

Um den Einspritzvorgang zu beenden, wird die Aktivierung des Aktors 7 beendet, so dass das Ventilelement 4 des Steuerventils 1 über die Druckkraft der Ventilfeder 5 zurück in den Ventilsitz 6 gestellt wird. Das Steuerventil 1 schließt. Durch die Wiederbefüllung des Ventilraums 3, beispielsweise im Wege der Leckage, steigt der Druck im Ventilraum 3 und im Ablaufkanal 22 an. Der ventilraumseitig anliegende Druck bewirkt eine Druckkraft, welche das Schließelement 14 in Öffnungsrichtung beaufschlagt. Das Schließelement 14 wird somit in eine Offenstellung überführt, in welcher eine Verbindung des Steuerraums 11 mit dem Zulaufkanal 12 hergestellt ist. Durch die hergestellte Verbindung ist eine schnelle Wiederbefüllung des Steuerraums 11 gewährleistet, welcher zu einem schnellen Druckanstieg im Steuerraum 11 und zum Schließen der Düsennadel 2 führt. Der Einspritzvorgang ist beendet.To end the injection process, the activation of the actuator 7 is terminated, so that the valve element 4 of the control valve 1 is set back into the valve seat 6 via the pressure force of the valve spring 5. The control valve 1 closes. By refilling the valve chamber 3, for example by way of leakage, the pressure in the valve chamber 3 and in the outlet channel 22 increases. The valve chamber side pressure applied causes a compressive force which acts on the closing element 14 in the opening direction. The closing element 14 is thus transferred into an open position, in which a connection of the control chamber 11 is made to the inlet channel 12. By the connection produced a quick refilling of the control chamber 11 is ensured, which leads to a rapid increase in pressure in the control chamber 11 and to close the nozzle needle 2. The injection process is finished.

Bevorzugte Ausführungsformen des Schließelementes 14 sind in den Fig. 3a-c und 4a-c dargestellt.Preferred embodiments of the closing element 14 are in the Fig. 3a-c and 4a-c shown.

Wie den Fig. 3a-c zu entnehmen ist, kann die teilweise elastische Verformbarkeit des Schließelementes 14 auf einen Federarm 17 zurückzuführen sein, der einstückig mit einem Stützring 18 ausgebildet ist und beispielsweise einen a) zungen-, b) kreis- oder c) pilzförmigen Umriss besitzen kann. Über den Stützring liegt das Schließelement 14 bevorzugt an der Drosselplatte 19 an und wird - wie in der Fig. 1 dargestellt - von einer federbelasteten Hülse 20 in Anlage mit der Drosselplatte 19 gehalten. In Anlage mit der Drosselplatte 19 vermag der Federarm 17 des Schließelementes 14 von der Drosselplatte 19 abzuheben, wodurch die Zulaufdrossel 13 freigegeben wird, so dass Kraftstoff aus dem Zulaufkanal 12 über die Zulaufdrossel 13 und die Durchströmöffnung 15 in den Steuerraum 11 nachströmen kann. Die Bewegung des Federarms 17 ist vom ventilraumseitig und steuerraumseitig anliegenden Druck abhängig. Übersteigt der Druck im Ventilraum 3 den Druck im Steuerraum 11, hebt der Federarm 17 von der Drosselplatte 19 ab.Like that Fig. 3a-c can be seen, the partially elastic deformability of the closing element 14 may be due to a spring arm 17 which is integrally formed with a support ring 18 and may have, for example, a) tongues, b) circular or c) mushroom-shaped outline. About the support ring, the closing element 14 is preferably on the throttle plate 19 and is - as in the Fig. 1 shown - held by a spring-loaded sleeve 20 in contact with the throttle plate 19. In contact with the throttle plate 19, the spring arm 17 of the closing element 14 can lift off from the throttle plate 19, whereby the inlet throttle 13 is released, so that fuel from the inlet channel 12 via the inlet throttle 13 and the flow opening 15 can flow into the control chamber 11. The movement of the spring arm 17 is dependent on the valve chamber side and control room side adjacent pressure. If the pressure in the valve chamber 3 exceeds the pressure in the control chamber 11, the spring arm 17 lifts off from the throttle plate 19.

Den Fig. 4a-c sind weitere bevorzugte Ausführungsformen eines Schließelementes 14 zu entnehmen, welche sich vorrangig durch die Ausgestaltung eines Fixierelementes 16 unterscheiden, das der Lagefixierung des Schließelementes 14, insbesondere im Hinblick auf eine verdrehfeste Lage, dient. Das Fixierelement 16 kann beispielsweise die Form einer a) Nase, b) eines Stiftes oder c) einer Lasche haben.The Fig. 4a-c Further preferred embodiments of a closing element 14 can be seen, which differ primarily by the configuration of a fixing element 16, which serves to fix the position of the closing element 14, in particular with regard to a rotationally fixed position. The fixing element 16 may for example have the shape of a) nose, b) a pin or c) a tab.

Eine Weiterbildung des Kraftstoffinjektors der Fig. 1 ist in der Fig. 2 dargestellt. Dieser unterscheidet sich von dem der Fig. 1 dadurch, dass in der Drosselplatte 19 eine Nut 21 ausgebildet ist, welche die Zulaufdrossel 13 bzw. den Zulaufkanal 12 mit dem Ventilraum 3 bzw. den Ablaufkanal 22 verbindet. Die Nut 21 stellt somit eine schnelle Befüllung des Ventilraumes 3 mit Kraftstoff sicher, sobald das Steuerventil 1 schließt. Der im Ventilraum 3 schnell ansteigende Druck bewirkt, dass das Schließelement 14 zumindest teilweise elastisch verformt wird und die Zulaufdrossel 13 freigibt. Auf diese Weise ist die Befüllung des Steuerraums 11 mit Kraftstoff ebenfalls sichergestellt.A development of the fuel injector Fig. 1 is in the Fig. 2 shown. This differs from that of the Fig. 1 in that in the throttle plate 19, a groove 21 is formed, which connects the inlet throttle 13 and the inlet channel 12 with the valve chamber 3 and the drain channel 22. The groove 21 thus ensures fast filling of the valve chamber 3 with fuel as soon as the control valve 1 closes. The rapidly increasing pressure in the valve chamber 3 causes the closing element 14 is at least partially elastically deformed and the inlet throttle 13 releases. In this way, the filling of the control chamber 11 with fuel is also ensured.

Claims (7)

  1. Fuel injector for a fuel injection system, in particular a common-rail injection system, comprising a control valve (1) for controlling the stroke movement of a nozzle needle (2) which can perform a stroke movement, wherein the control valve (1) has a valve element (4) which is received, such that it can perform a stroke movement, in a valve chamber (3) and which is preloaded by means of a valve spring (5) against a valve seat (6) and which, by means of an actuator (7) and counter to the spring force of the valve spring (5), can be lifted out of the valve seat (6) such that a connection of the valve chamber (3) to a low-pressure region (8) can be produced, wherein the connection produced between the valve chamber (3) and the low-pressure region (8) causes a pressure drop in the valve chamber (3) of the control valve (1), and in a control chamber (11) connected to the valve chamber (3) via an outflow throttle (9) and delimited by an end surface (10) of the nozzle needle (2), such that the nozzle needle (2) opens, whereas, when the control valve (1) is in a closed position, a pressure rise in the control chamber (11) can be effected via an inflow throttle (13) which is connected to an inflow duct (12), which pressure rise leads to the closure of the nozzle needle (2), characterized in that the inflow throttle (13) can be passively switched by means of an additional closure element (14), and the additional closure element (14) is received in the control chamber (11) and is of at least partially elastically deformable design, wherein the additional closure element (14) is of disc-shaped form, and wherein the additional closure element is arranged between a throttle plate and a sleeve which radially delimits the control chamber and which surrounds the nozzle needle.
  2. Fuel injector according to Claim 1, characterized in that the additional closure element (14) has at least one throughflow opening (9, 15) which is preferably in the form of a throttle.
  3. Fuel injector according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, for fixing in position, has an eccentrically arranged fixing element (16), preferably in the form of a lug, a pin and/or a tab.
  4. Fuel injector according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the additional closure element (14) has a spring arm (17) and a support ring (18) which surrounds the spring arm (17), wherein the spring arm (17) and the support ring (18) are preferably formed in one piece.
  5. Fuel injector according to Claim 4, characterized in that the spring arm (17) has a substantially tongue-shaped, circular or mushroom-shaped outline.
  6. Fuel injector according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the additional closure element (14) is arranged between a throttle plate (19) and a sleeve (20) which radially delimits the control chamber (11) and which surrounds the nozzle needle (2).
  7. Fuel injector according to Claim 6, characterized in that, in that surface of the throttle plate (19) which faces toward the control chamber (11), there is formed a groove (21) via which the valve chamber (3) can be connected to the inflow duct (12).
EP13152181.7A 2012-02-20 2013-01-22 Fuel injector Not-in-force EP2628940B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE201210202538 DE102012202538A1 (en) 2012-02-20 2012-02-20 fuel injector

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EP2628940A1 EP2628940A1 (en) 2013-08-21
EP2628940B1 true EP2628940B1 (en) 2015-08-12

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EP13152181.7A Not-in-force EP2628940B1 (en) 2012-02-20 2013-01-22 Fuel injector

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Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB201412086D0 (en) * 2014-07-08 2014-08-20 Delphi International Operations Luxembourg S.�.R.L. Fuel injector for an internal combustion engine
GB201414669D0 (en) * 2014-08-19 2014-10-01 Delphi International Operations Luxembourg S.�.R.L. Control valve arrangement
DE102015205582A1 (en) 2015-03-27 2016-09-29 Robert Bosch Gmbh Fuel injector for a fuel injection system
FR3050771B1 (en) * 2016-04-29 2018-06-01 Delphi Technologies Ip Limited FUEL INJECTOR
DE102017116367A1 (en) * 2017-07-20 2019-01-24 Liebherr-Components Deggendorf Gmbh Device for controlling an injector

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JP2011208554A (en) * 2010-03-29 2011-10-20 Denso Corp Fuel injection device

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JP3555264B2 (en) * 1995-07-14 2004-08-18 いすゞ自動車株式会社 Fuel injection device for internal combustion engine
JP2002202022A (en) * 2000-10-30 2002-07-19 Denso Corp Valve driving device and fuel injection valve
ITBO20020360A1 (en) * 2002-06-07 2003-12-09 Magneti Marelli Powertrain Spa FUEL INJECTOR FOR AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE WITH MULTI-HOLE SPRAYING
DE102004030445A1 (en) 2004-06-24 2006-01-12 Robert Bosch Gmbh Fuel injector
ITBO20040649A1 (en) * 2004-10-20 2005-01-20 Magneti Marelli Powertrain Spa FUEL INJECTOR WITH ELECTROMAGNETIC IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PIN
JP5110321B2 (en) * 2006-03-03 2012-12-26 ガンサー−ハイドロマグ アーゲー Fuel injection valve for internal combustion engine
JP5625837B2 (en) * 2010-03-31 2014-11-19 株式会社デンソー Fuel injection device

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JP2011208554A (en) * 2010-03-29 2011-10-20 Denso Corp Fuel injection device

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EP2628940A1 (en) 2013-08-21

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