DE102004030445A1 - Fuel injector - Google Patents
Fuel injector Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DE102004030445A1 DE102004030445A1 DE200410030445 DE102004030445A DE102004030445A1 DE 102004030445 A1 DE102004030445 A1 DE 102004030445A1 DE 200410030445 DE200410030445 DE 200410030445 DE 102004030445 A DE102004030445 A DE 102004030445A DE 102004030445 A1 DE102004030445 A1 DE 102004030445A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- valve
- pressure
- needle
- fuel
- control
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M47/00—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
- F02M47/02—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure of accumulator-injector type, i.e. having fuel pressure of accumulator tending to open, and fuel pressure in other chamber tending to close, injection valves and having means for periodically releasing that closing pressure
- F02M47/027—Electrically actuated valves draining the chamber to release the closing pressure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
- F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
- F02M61/18—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
- F02M63/0003—Fuel-injection apparatus having a cyclically-operated valve for connecting a pressure source, e.g. constant pressure pump or accumulator, to an injection valve held closed mechanically, e.g. by springs, and automatically opened by fuel pressure
- F02M63/0005—Fuel-injection apparatus having a cyclically-operated valve for connecting a pressure source, e.g. constant pressure pump or accumulator, to an injection valve held closed mechanically, e.g. by springs, and automatically opened by fuel pressure using valves actuated by fluid pressure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
- F02M63/0012—Valves
- F02M63/0031—Valves characterized by the type of valves, e.g. special valve member details, valve seat details, valve housing details
- F02M63/0045—Three-way valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M45/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship
- F02M45/02—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship with each cyclic delivery being separated into two or more parts
- F02M45/04—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship with each cyclic delivery being separated into two or more parts with a small initial part, e.g. initial part for partial load and initial and main part for full load
- F02M45/08—Injectors peculiar thereto
- F02M45/086—Having more than one injection-valve controlling discharge orifices
Abstract
Eine Kraftstoff-Einspritzvorrichtung (1) mit einem Einspritzventil (8), dem Kraftstoff unter hohem Druck zuzuführen ist, wobei das Einspritzventil (8) eine äußere Ventilnadel (11) (oder Nadel oder Ventilkolben) aufweist, die rohrförmig ist und eine innere Ventilnadel (20) (oder Nadel, Ventilkolben) koaxial umgibt, deren unterer Endbereich zum Schließen und Freigeben von Einspritzöffnungen (12) ausgebildet ist, wobei die äußere Ventilnadel (11) im Betrieb in Abhängigkeit von ihrer Stellung die Zufuhr von Kraftstoff zu dem unteren Endbereich der inneren Ventilnadel (20) freigibt oder drosselt, wobei eine Steuerkammer (35) vorgesehen ist, die im Betrieb von einer Hochdruckleitung (5) für Kraftstoff her gefüllt wird, und wobei ein Steuerventil (40) vorgesehen ist, das für seine Betätigung mit einem Aktor (38) gekoppelt ist und das zur Beeinflussung des Drucks in der Steuerkammer (35) dient, und wobei das obere Ende der äußeren Ventilnadel (11) und der inneren Ventilnadel (20) eine untere Begrenzung der Steuerkammer (35) bildet und die Stellung der Ventilnadeln (11, 20) jeweils in Abhängigkeit vom Druck in ihrem unteren Endbereich und dem Druck in der Steuerkammer (35) hubgesteuert ist, ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Steuerkammer (35) unmittelbar über eine erste Zuflussdrossel (58) mit einer bei Betrieb Kraftstoff unter hohem Druck führenden Leitung verbunden ist, dass das Steuerventil (40) als 3/3-Wege-Ventil ausgebildet ist, von dem ein dritter Anschluss (65) über ...A fuel injection device (1) having an injection valve (8) to be supplied with fuel under high pressure, the injection valve (8) having an outer valve needle (11) (or needle or valve piston) which is tubular and an inner valve needle (11). 20) (or needle, valve piston) coaxially surrounds the lower end portion of which is formed to close and release injection ports (12), the outer valve needle (11), in use, depending on its position, supplying fuel to the lower end portion of the inner Valve needle (20) releases or throttles, wherein a control chamber (35) is provided, which is filled in operation by a high-pressure line (5) for fuel forth, and wherein a control valve (40) is provided, which for its operation with an actuator ( 38) is coupled and which serves to influence the pressure in the control chamber (35), and wherein the upper end of the outer valve needle (11) and the inner valve needle (20 ) forms a lower boundary of the control chamber (35) and the position of the valve needles (11, 20) in each case depending on the pressure in its lower end portion and the pressure in the control chamber (35) is stroke controlled, characterized in that the control chamber (35 ) is connected directly via a first inflow throttle (58) with a high pressure fuel line operating, that the control valve (40) is designed as a 3/3-way valve, of which a third port (65) via .. ,
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Kraftstoff-Einspritzvorrichtung nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The The invention relates to a fuel injection device according to the Preamble of claim 1.
Ein bekannter CR-Injektor mit KVD-Düse der Anmelderin wird über ein 2/3-Wege-Ventil und eine Ablaufsteuerung gesteuert. Die KVD-Düse (KVD = Koaxial-Vario-Düse) hat eine so genannte erste Ventilnadel oder äußere Ventilnadel, die im wesentlichen die Form eines kreiszylindrischen Hohlzylinders hat und koaxial eine so genannte zweite Ventilnadel oder innere Ventilnadel umgibt, die im wesentlichen bolzenförmig ist und mit ihrem im wesentlichen kegelförmigen unteren Endbereich Einspritzöffnungen für in einen Verbrennungsmotor einzuspritzenden Kraftstoff öffnet beziehungsweise verschließt. Die äußere Ventilnadel dient zur Steuerung des an die innere Ventilnadel gelangenden Drucks des Kraftstoffs. Die zylindrische Außenfläche der inneren Ventilnadel und die zylindrische Innenfläche der äußeren Ventilnadel berühren sich. Die oberen Endflächen der beiden Ventilnadeln bilden Kolbenflächen, die in eine gemeinsame Steuerkammer eingreifen. Die Steuerkammer wird vom CR-Druck her gefüllt (CR-Druck = Common-Rail-Druck). Bei hohem Druck in der Steuerkammer sind die beiden Ventilnadeln in ihrer unteren Endstellung und geschlossen. Wenn der Druck in der Steuerkammer abnimmt, so bewegt sich auf Grund des Flächenverhältnisses der Kolbenflächen der Ventilnadeln in der Steuerkammer und der Flächen der Druckstufen am jeweiligen unteren Ende (unter Berücksichtigung etwa vorhandener, auf die Ventilnadeln wirkender Federn) die äußere Ventilnadel zuerst nach oben und gibt den Druck des Kraftstoffs frei, der somit zu diesem Zeitpunkt zunächst noch von einer Dichtkante der inneren Ventilnadel aufgenommen wird, so dass zunächst noch keine Einspritzung erfolgt. Wenn der Druck in der Steuerkammer weiter abnimmt, so öffnet sich die innere Ventilnadel. Die Steuerung des Drucks in der Steuerkammer erfolgt durch ein Steuerventil, das den Druck in der Steuerkammer durch Ablassen von Kraftstoff über eine Abflussdrossel (A-Drossel) steuert. Das Steuerventil ist bei der bekannten Anordnung ein 2/3-Wege-Ventil.One known CR injector with KVD nozzle the applicant is about a 2/3-way valve and a sequencer controlled. The KVD nozzle (KVD = coaxial Vario nozzle) has a so-called first valve needle or outer valve needle, which is essentially the Has a shape of a circular cylindrical hollow cylinder and coaxial one so-called second valve needle or inner valve needle which surrounds essentially bolt-shaped is and with its substantially conical lower end portion injection openings for in one Internal combustion engine to be injected fuel opens or closes. The outer valve needle serves to control the pressure reaching the inner valve needle of the fuel. The cylindrical outer surface of the inner valve needle and the cylindrical inner surface the outer valve needle touch each other. The upper end surfaces the two valve needles form piston surfaces, which in a common Engage control chamber. The control chamber is filled by the CR pressure (CR pressure = Common rail pressure). At high pressure in the control chamber are the both valve pins in their lower end position and closed. When the pressure in the control chamber decreases, so does move to ground the area ratio the piston surfaces of Valve pins in the control chamber and the surfaces of the pressure stages at the respective lower end (considering approximately existing, acting on the valve needles springs) the outer valve needle First up and releases the pressure of the fuel, thus the at this time initially is received by a sealing edge of the inner valve needle, so that first no injection yet. When the pressure in the control chamber continues to decrease, so opens the inner valve needle. The control of the pressure in the control chamber is done by a control valve that controls the pressure in the control chamber by draining fuel over an outflow throttle (A throttle) controls. The control valve is on the known arrangement a 2/3-way valve.
Ein bekannter CR-Injektor mit KVD-Düse der Anmelderin benötigt eine Mehrfachansteuerung des den Injektor steuernden Steuerventils, um zu verhindern, dass die innere Ventilnadel öffnet. Durch die Mehrfachansteuerung wird der Druck in der Steuerkammer auf einem höheren Niveau gehalten als derjenige Druck, mit dem die innere Ventilnadel öffnet.One known CR injector with KVD nozzle the applicant needed a multiple control of the injector controlling the control valve, to prevent the inner valve needle from opening. Through the multiple control the pressure in the control chamber is maintained at a higher level than that Pressure with which the inner valve needle opens.
Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of invention
Durch die Verwendung eines 3/3-Wege-Ventils und einer Parallelschaltung von zwei Z-Drosseln gemäß der Erfindung nach Anspruch 1 ist es möglich, die beiden Ventilnadeln ohne Mehrfachansteuerung zu schalten.By the use of a 3/3-way valve and a parallel connection of two Z-throttles according to the invention according to claim 1, it is possible to to switch both valve pins without multiple control.
Die erfindungsgemäße Einspritzvorrichtung mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1 gestattet es durch die Verwendung eines 3/3-Wege-Ventils und einer Parallelschaltung von Drosseln, die zwei Ventilnadeln gestuft mit einer einzigen Ansteuerung zu öffnen.The Inventive injection device with The features of claim 1 allows it by use a 3/3-way valve and a parallel connection of chokes, the two valve needles stepped open with a single control.
Die Ausführungsform nach dem selbständigen Anspruch 2 ist eine vorteilhafte Variante mit nur einer Z-Drossel.The embodiment after the self-employed Claim 2 is an advantageous variant with only one Z-throttle.
Zeichnungdrawing
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen Kraftstoffeinspritzvorrichtung ist in der Zeichnung dargestellt und wird in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert.One embodiment the fuel injection device according to the invention is shown in the drawing and will be described in the following description explained in more detail.
Die einzige Figur zeigt die wesentlichen Komponenten einer erfindungsgemäßen Kraftstoffeinspritzvorrichtung.The single figure shows the essential components of a fuel injection device according to the invention.
Beschreibung des Ausführungsbeispielsdescription of the embodiment
Das
Gehäuse
Der Öffnungsdruck
der inneren Ventilnadel
Das
Steuerventil
Die
Steuerkammer
Zusätzlich weist
das Steuerventil
Die
Wirkungsweise ist wie folgt:
Das Steuerventil
The control valve
Wenn
das Steuerventil
Somit
kann mit der beschriebenen Einspritzvorrichtung ohne Mehrfachansteuerung,
das heißt mit
einer einzigen konstanten Ansteuerung eines als 3/3-Wege-Ventils
ausgebildeten Steuerventils die äußere Ventilnadel
geöffnet
werden, bei einer anderen Ansteuerung zusätzlich die innere Ventilnadel.
Mit der Erfindung kann daher ein KVD-Ventil ohne Mehrfachansteuerung
gesteuert werden. Bei den Teilen der Einspritzvorrichtung, die sich
unterhalb der Kanalplatte
Durch
den ersten Anschluss
Zum
Schließen
beider Ventilnadeln wird das Ventil
Anstatt des in der Figur gezeigten Steuerventils mit 2 Ventilsitzen (Sitzventil) kann auch jede geeignete andere Konstruktion vorgesehen werden, z.B. ein Schieberventil.Instead of of the control valve shown in the figure with 2 valve seats (seat valve) Any suitable other construction may also be provided, e.g. a slide valve.
Bei
einer anderen Ausführungsform
der Erfindung ist der Strömungswiderstand
der Z1-Drossel
Claims (2)
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE200410030445 DE102004030445A1 (en) | 2004-06-24 | 2004-06-24 | Fuel injector |
PCT/EP2005/051760 WO2006000486A1 (en) | 2004-06-24 | 2005-04-21 | Fuel-injection device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE200410030445 DE102004030445A1 (en) | 2004-06-24 | 2004-06-24 | Fuel injector |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE102004030445A1 true DE102004030445A1 (en) | 2006-01-12 |
Family
ID=34965493
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE200410030445 Withdrawn DE102004030445A1 (en) | 2004-06-24 | 2004-06-24 | Fuel injector |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
DE (1) | DE102004030445A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2006000486A1 (en) |
Cited By (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1870594A1 (en) * | 2006-06-21 | 2007-12-26 | Denso Corporation | Fuel injection valve |
EP1918569A2 (en) * | 2006-10-23 | 2008-05-07 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Fuel injection valve |
WO2008125934A1 (en) * | 2007-04-13 | 2008-10-23 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Fuel injection valve for internal combustion engine |
DE102008001330A1 (en) | 2008-04-23 | 2009-10-29 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Fuel injection valve for internal combustion engines |
DE102009002742A1 (en) | 2009-04-30 | 2010-11-04 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Fuel injector for injecting fuel into combustion chamber of internal-combustion engine, particularly common rail injector, comprises single or multipart injection valve element for opening and closing injection opening |
DE102009026564A1 (en) | 2009-05-29 | 2010-12-02 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Fuel injector for injecting fuel into combustion chamber of internal-combustion engine, has control valve element that is formed and arranged such that small resulting hydraulic force is applied on control valve element |
DE102009027494A1 (en) | 2009-07-07 | 2011-01-13 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Fuel injector with pressure compensated control valve |
WO2012084936A1 (en) * | 2010-12-23 | 2012-06-28 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Fuel injection valve |
CH704454A1 (en) * | 2011-02-08 | 2012-08-15 | Liebherr Machines Bulle Sa | Injection apparatus for a fluid. |
DE102012202055A1 (en) | 2012-02-10 | 2013-08-14 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Fuel injector for fuel injection system, particularly common-rail injection system, has pressure actuatable valve, which is formed in intake channel for separating connection of control chamber with intake channel |
EP2628940A1 (en) | 2012-02-20 | 2013-08-21 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Fuel injector |
EP2740927A1 (en) * | 2012-12-10 | 2014-06-11 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Fuel injector valve for combustion engines |
EP2896811A1 (en) * | 2014-01-15 | 2015-07-22 | Continental Automotive GmbH | Nozzle assembly and fuel injection valve for a combustion engine |
DE102015118691A1 (en) * | 2015-11-02 | 2017-05-04 | L'orange Gmbh | Fuel Einspritzinjektor |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7548787B2 (en) | 2005-08-03 | 2009-06-16 | Kamilo Feher | Medical diagnostic and communication system |
US7260369B2 (en) | 2005-08-03 | 2007-08-21 | Kamilo Feher | Location finder, tracker, communication and remote control system |
US8690075B2 (en) * | 2011-11-07 | 2014-04-08 | Caterpillar Inc. | Fuel injector with needle control system that includes F, A, Z and E orifices |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6637675B2 (en) * | 2001-07-13 | 2003-10-28 | Cummins Inc. | Rate shaping fuel injector with limited throttling |
US6705543B2 (en) * | 2001-08-22 | 2004-03-16 | Cummins Inc. | Variable pressure fuel injection system with dual flow rate injector |
DE10246974A1 (en) * | 2002-10-09 | 2004-04-22 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Fuel injector nozzle for use in internal combustion engine has needle and sleeve separately cutting off fuel flow to inner and outer nozzle bores |
-
2004
- 2004-06-24 DE DE200410030445 patent/DE102004030445A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2005
- 2005-04-21 WO PCT/EP2005/051760 patent/WO2006000486A1/en active Application Filing
Cited By (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1870594A1 (en) * | 2006-06-21 | 2007-12-26 | Denso Corporation | Fuel injection valve |
EP1918569A2 (en) * | 2006-10-23 | 2008-05-07 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Fuel injection valve |
EP1918569A3 (en) * | 2006-10-23 | 2008-12-24 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Fuel injection valve |
WO2008125934A1 (en) * | 2007-04-13 | 2008-10-23 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Fuel injection valve for internal combustion engine |
DE102008001330A1 (en) | 2008-04-23 | 2009-10-29 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Fuel injection valve for internal combustion engines |
DE102009002742A1 (en) | 2009-04-30 | 2010-11-04 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Fuel injector for injecting fuel into combustion chamber of internal-combustion engine, particularly common rail injector, comprises single or multipart injection valve element for opening and closing injection opening |
DE102009026564A1 (en) | 2009-05-29 | 2010-12-02 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Fuel injector for injecting fuel into combustion chamber of internal-combustion engine, has control valve element that is formed and arranged such that small resulting hydraulic force is applied on control valve element |
DE102009027494A1 (en) | 2009-07-07 | 2011-01-13 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Fuel injector with pressure compensated control valve |
EP2275666A1 (en) | 2009-07-07 | 2011-01-19 | Robert Bosch GmbH | Fuel injector with pressure-equalised control valve |
WO2012084936A1 (en) * | 2010-12-23 | 2012-06-28 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Fuel injection valve |
CH704454A1 (en) * | 2011-02-08 | 2012-08-15 | Liebherr Machines Bulle Sa | Injection apparatus for a fluid. |
DE102012202055A1 (en) | 2012-02-10 | 2013-08-14 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Fuel injector for fuel injection system, particularly common-rail injection system, has pressure actuatable valve, which is formed in intake channel for separating connection of control chamber with intake channel |
EP2628940A1 (en) | 2012-02-20 | 2013-08-21 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Fuel injector |
DE102012202538A1 (en) | 2012-02-20 | 2013-08-22 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | fuel injector |
EP2740927A1 (en) * | 2012-12-10 | 2014-06-11 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Fuel injector valve for combustion engines |
EP2896811A1 (en) * | 2014-01-15 | 2015-07-22 | Continental Automotive GmbH | Nozzle assembly and fuel injection valve for a combustion engine |
WO2015107039A1 (en) * | 2014-01-15 | 2015-07-23 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Nozzle assembly and fuel injection valve for a combustion engine |
CN105899796A (en) * | 2014-01-15 | 2016-08-24 | 大陆汽车有限公司 | Nozzle assembly and fuel injection valve for a combustion engine |
US10197034B2 (en) | 2014-01-15 | 2019-02-05 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Nozzle assembly and fuel injection valve for a combustion engine |
DE102015118691A1 (en) * | 2015-11-02 | 2017-05-04 | L'orange Gmbh | Fuel Einspritzinjektor |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2006000486A1 (en) | 2006-01-05 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
R005 | Application deemed withdrawn due to failure to request examination |
Effective date: 20110625 |