EP3069079B1 - Oven wall arrangement - Google Patents

Oven wall arrangement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3069079B1
EP3069079B1 EP14796416.7A EP14796416A EP3069079B1 EP 3069079 B1 EP3069079 B1 EP 3069079B1 EP 14796416 A EP14796416 A EP 14796416A EP 3069079 B1 EP3069079 B1 EP 3069079B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
furnace wall
cooling fins
wall arrangement
furnace
arrangement
Prior art date
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EP14796416.7A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3069079A1 (en
Inventor
Rainer Weiss
Jürgen Schlax
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Saint Gobain IndustrieKeramik Roedental GmbH
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Saint Gobain IndustrieKeramik Roedental GmbH
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Priority to PL14796416T priority Critical patent/PL3069079T3/en
Publication of EP3069079A1 publication Critical patent/EP3069079A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
    • F23M5/04—Supports for linings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
    • F23M5/06—Crowns or roofs for combustion chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
    • F23M5/08—Cooling thereof; Tube walls

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a furnace wall arrangement of an industrial furnace with a furnace wall and with at least one protective element made of refractory material which is fastened on one side to an inside of the furnace wall.
  • the furnace wall is designed, for example, as a closed boiler tube wall and, if appropriate, on the floor as a grate perforated by ventilation slots.
  • the boiler tube wall is formed, for example, from parallel tubes connected to one another via tube fins or individually standing tubes, partially fixed on the rear side.
  • a cooling fluid can usually flow through the tubes. Water is preferably used as the cooling fluid, the boiling temperature of which can be set to over 250 ° C. by a correspondingly high pressure.
  • the protective elements made of a refractory material are, for example, by mechanical holding devices, such as Hook, and / or connected to the furnace wall arrangement by mortar.
  • a furnace wall arrangement falling under the above-mentioned type is out DE 102 04 240 A1 known.
  • the boiler tube wall has holding elements and the protective elements have recesses in which the holding elements are provided.
  • Anchoring elements can be drilled through holes in the protective elements Holes of the holding elements are pushed in order to anchor the protective elements on the holding elements.
  • a better heat transfer between the protective element and the furnace wall is achieved by filling the space with mortar or by pouring the space with cement.
  • the space is filled with an adhesive that also serves to attach the protective elements to the furnace walls.
  • the disadvantage of this solution is a relatively high assembly and disassembly effort for repair work.
  • the cooling fins ensure good heat dissipation from the protective elements into the furnace wall. As a result, the protective elements are cooled from their rear sides, which has an advantageous effect on the service life of the protective elements.
  • the cooling fins are elongated profile rods which are at least partially positively and / or non-positively arranged in grooves matching the cooling fins and which are formed in the protective element.
  • the profile bars are long, rectangular, full profiles, in particular in the form of strips.
  • the profile bars do not have a filled cross section, but their cross section only occupies parts of a surface, for example a U-shaped profile occupies three edges of a surface.
  • the cooling fin is built up in layers from a graphite foil to the desired thickness. Strips of graphite foil with a thickness, in particular in the range from 0.4 to 1 mm, are stacked on top of one another and, if appropriate, glued to one another.
  • the rod-shaped configuration of the cooling fins is particularly advantageous if the furnace wall also has linear structures, for example pipes.
  • the cooling fins are preferably arranged parallel to the linearly running structures of the furnace wall, so that there are large contact surfaces between the furnace wall and the cooling fins, which in turn bring about good heat conduction from the cooling fins into the furnace wall.
  • the grooves in the protective elements ensure large contact areas between the protective elements and the cooling fins and thus good heat conduction from the protective elements into the cooling fins.
  • the cooling fins can advantageously be mechanically attached or glued into the grooves.
  • a flushing gas can be passed between adjacent linearly extending cooling fins, the cooling fins serving as channel walls of a flushing gas channel. No adjustments are usually required to the purge gas supply and purge gas discharge of the furnace.
  • the cooling fins have shapes other than elongated, for example circular.
  • the profile bars have an I-shaped cross section or a cross section in the form of a trapezoidal tapered "I" s, the wider side of the trapezoid being in contact with the Furnace wall and the narrower side of the trapezoid is provided in the groove of the protective element.
  • the cooling fins have particularly simple geometric shapes, which enable particularly simple production and processing of the cooling fins.
  • the cooling fins with the cross section in the form of a trapezoidally tapered "I” s that is to say slightly pointed cooling fins, partially facilitate complete insertion of the cooling fins into the grooves.
  • other profile rods are used, for example those whose cross-section is composed of a circular arc and straight ribs projecting radially from the circular arc, or of graphite foil built up in layers.
  • cooling fins are glued into the protective element.
  • the adhesive ensures good thermal contact, a gas-tight connection and, in addition, mechanical pre-assembly, which ultimately contributes to easy assembly and disassembly of the furnace wall arrangement.
  • cooling fins are attached to the furnace wall, for example glued, screwed, clamped or soldered.
  • the cooling fins consist of a heat-resistant elastic material. Due to the elasticity that is present even when there is a change in temperature, such cooling fins, when they are clamped between the furnace wall and the protective elements in the assembled state, remain permanently in a mechanical system on the furnace wall and on the protective element.
  • the cooling fin material is soft and, in the event of elastic deformation, exerts only small forces on the clamping components. From the cooling fins pressed onto the furnace wall, only permissible small compressive forces are exerted on the protective elements, so that the protective elements are not damaged.
  • the heat-resistant elastic sealing material is expanded graphite.
  • This material is characterized by good thermal conductivity, elasticity and good chemical resistance to corrosion by flue gas.
  • the specific thermal conductivity of the material used is preferably 100 W m -1 K -1 or greater. Consequently, this material is particularly well suited for the formation of the cooling fins.
  • Alternative materials, such as metal bellows or metal foams, are used in alternative designs.
  • the cooling fins are built up in layers from a graphite foil.
  • Graphite foil is flexible due to its small thickness.
  • Multi-layer arrangements of the graphite foil are processed in embodiments of the invention, for example as a lamellar stack or as a curl, in particular to form a flexible seal.
  • the furnace wall arrangement according to the invention is preferably dimensioned such that the temperatures of the cooling fins always remain below 600 ° C.
  • the inside of the protective elements face the combustion chamber, which has high temperatures of, for example, 1150 ° C. This heats up the inner surface of the protective elements.
  • temperatures up to greater than 1000 ° C. were measured on the surfaces of the inside of the protective elements.
  • the outside of the protective elements are cooled so that they have a lower surface temperature. Accordingly, the protective elements in the furnace wall arrangement according to the invention are well cooled overall, so that temperatures that occur are low and the durability of the protective elements is high.
  • the cooling fins are connected in a heat-conducting manner to the outer sides of the protective elements, so that these assume almost the same temperatures, at least in the vicinity of the interfaces with the protective elements. Excessively high temperatures can damage the cooling fins, for example oxygen can oxidize graphite at temperatures above 600 ° C. Accordingly, material thicknesses and other parameters that influence the temperatures that occur are set so that predetermined temperature limit values are not exceeded.
  • At least one graphite foil is arranged on the furnace wall, the graphite foil being clamped between adjacent cooling fins.
  • the good chemical resistance of graphite is used to cover areas of the furnace wall that are at risk of corrosion and to protect against chemical exposure to flue gas.
  • the furnace wall is designed as a boiler tube wall, in which parallel tubes are connected to one another via tube fins, or as a grate.
  • Side walls and ceilings of industrial furnaces are often designed as boiler tube walls.
  • the boiler tube walls are clad by plate-shaped protective elements, the sides of which are partially profiled inversely to the boiler tube walls to ensure constant distances between the furnace wall and the protective element.
  • the grate is therefore also to be understood as an oven wall, the component of an oven wall arrangement according to the invention, as well as the protective element as such.
  • the protective elements are preferably designed as waisted plates, that is to say as plates which are formed at two opposite ends with recesses, in particular those with a part-circular cross section, the recesses encompassing the pipes of the furnace wall at a distance.
  • the cooling fins are preferably received in the area of these recesses and pass through the gap-shaped annular space between the recess and the tube.
  • the plates are arranged one above the other and next to each other to form the furnace wall arrangement and are loosely guided so that fastening to the furnace wall can be omitted.
  • These plates preferably penetrate the space between adjacent pipes and protrude on both sides of the pipe plane.
  • the plates are made of the same material as described above, which also applies to the cooling fins.
  • the material of the cooling fins can be selected appropriately, but preferably graphite is used.
  • the advantage of the described embodiment is a very good protective function. Furthermore, the tubes are more or less completely surrounded by the cooling fins. Installation is also extremely simple and separate fasteners opposite the furnace wall are unnecessary.
  • Fig. 1 schematically shows a preferred embodiment of a furnace wall arrangement 1 according to the invention in cross section.
  • Components of the furnace wall arrangement 1 shown are a furnace wall 2, protective elements 3 and cooling fins 6 clamped between an inner side 4 of the furnace wall 2 and outer sides 5 of the protective elements 3.
  • the furnace wall 2 is a boiler tube wall which has tubes 12 and tube fins 13. During operation of the furnace, water is passed through the tubes 12, via which heat is removed from the furnace wall 2.
  • suspension recesses 11 are formed, by means of which the protective elements 3 are suspended on holding elements 10, the holding elements 10 being arranged, in particular fastened, on the furnace wall 3.
  • the protective elements 3 are plates made of silicon carbide.
  • the protective elements 3 are formed from other refractory materials.
  • Cooling fins 6 are clamped between the furnace wall 2 and the protective elements 3, which in the exemplary embodiment shown are preferably elastic rods or strips, in particular formed from expanded graphite, here, for example, and preferably rectangular rods with an I-shaped cross section. In the spatial dimension perpendicular to the plane shown, the cooling fins 6 and the grooves 7 have significantly larger linear lengths than the cross-sectional edges shown.
  • the cooling fins 6 lie suitably on the furnace wall 2 and on the wall elements, so that good heat conduction from the wall elements 3 via the cooling fins 6 into the furnace wall 2 is ensured.
  • Fig. 2 schematically shows a perspective view of the outside 5 of a wall element 3.
  • the edge of the wall element 3 shown at the front is a cut edge, on which the structure of the grooves 7 and the suspension recess 11 can be clearly seen.
  • strips with a trapezoidal cross-section are inserted into the grooves or joints 7, a width 10 mm measured between the parallel sides of the trapezoid, a length 8 mm measured on the wide side of the trapezoid and one on the narrow side of the trapezoid measured length is 7 mm, which is preferred, but is only exemplary.
  • the cooling fins preferably consist of the expanded graphite material "Ecophit L".
  • FIG 3 again shows purely schematically and in perspective part of a further embodiment of a furnace wall arrangement according to the invention.
  • the furnace wall is formed by spaced tubes 12 which, so to speak, span a boiler tube wall, cooling water being passed through the tubes during operation of the furnace in order to remove heat.
  • protective elements 3 instead of the protective elements 3 according to the embodiment in the Figures 1 and 2 protective elements in the form of waist stones 20 are now used which, unlike in the previous embodiment, are no longer attached directly to the furnace wall, but are loosely guided opposite or on the tubes 12.
  • These waist stones 20 are arranged above and next to one another to form the furnace wall arrangement, ie in the manner of a brick wall.
  • the protective elements 3 designed as waist stones are provided on two opposite sides, which face the tubes 12, with recesses 22, similar to the first exemplary embodiment, which here preferably have a semicircular cross section.
  • the corresponding cooling fins 6 are also accommodated in these recesses 22.
  • These cooling fins are in contact with the tube 12 and the waist stone and are also designed, in particular in terms of material designed according to the first embodiment, that is, preferably made of heat-resistant material, in particular expanded graphite with in particular elastic material properties.
  • the waist stones are plate-shaped and - as has already been explained above, according to the height of the furnace wall arrangement, a corresponding number of stones are stacked on top of one another and also next to one another, so that compared to the formation of the protective elements in the Figures 1 and 2 the protective elements also reach through the free space between the tubes 12 and, in addition, also protrude on both sides and, in conjunction with the waist stones 20 arranged next to one another, also substantially completely enclose the tube 12, so that the cooling fins 6 are arranged, so to speak, distributed over the entire circumference of the tubes 12 .
  • the waist stones 20 are formed in terms of material in accordance with the support elements 3 explained in connection with the first embodiment. The advantage of this embodiment is that the plates no longer have to be fastened on one side to the furnace wall, but rather are guided and arranged loosely along the tubes 12.
  • the waist panels have dimensions of 147 x 176 mm in length and width and a thickness of 100 mm.
  • the pipe spacing can be 150 mm with a pipe diameter of 57 mm.
  • the waist stones are preferably dimensioned with 223 x 187 x 64 mm.
  • Advantageous properties of graphite are a high thermal conductivity and a high chemical resistance to aggressive gases released in the furnace.
  • the heat resistance of graphite in air is sufficiently high for the application described, since the graphite is cooled by the tube wall.
  • the alignment of the cooling fins, which are in particular graphite strips, along the tubes of the tube wall and along the protective elements extending along the tubes ensures high heat transfer from the protective element into the furnace wall. This contributes to a significantly higher effectiveness of the furnace, compared to furnace with ventilated protective elements.
  • the surface temperature on the hot side of the protective element is lower than in the prior art.
  • the protective elements have an increased service life.
  • the adherence of fly ash and slag is less pronounced than in the prior art.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Ofenwandanordnung eines industriellen Feuerungsofens mit einer Ofenwand und mit wenigstens einem einseitig an einer Innenseite der Ofenwand befestigten Schutzelement aus feuerfestem Material.The present invention relates to a furnace wall arrangement of an industrial furnace with a furnace wall and with at least one protective element made of refractory material which is fastened on one side to an inside of the furnace wall.

In einer solchen Ofenwandanordnung werden die Ofenwände durch die Schutzelemente vor Hitze und Rauchgas geschützt, die in dem in dem Ofen oder Kessel innen liegenden Brennraum entstehen. Die Ofenwand ist beispielsweise als geschlossene Kesselrohrwand und gegebenenfalls am Boden als ein durch Lüftungsschlitze durchbrochener Rost ausgebildet. Die Kesselrohrwand ist dabei beispielsweise aus parallelen miteinander über Rohrflossen verbundenen Rohre oder einzeln stehenden, teilweise rückseitig fixierten Rohren ausgebildet. Die Rohre sind üblicherweise von einem Kühlfluid durchströmbar. Als Kühlfluid wird vorzugsweise Wasser verwendet, dessen Siedetemperatur durch einen entsprechend hohen Druck auf über 250°C eingestellt werden kann.In such a furnace wall arrangement, the furnace walls are protected by the protective elements against heat and flue gas which arise in the internal combustion chamber in the furnace or boiler. The furnace wall is designed, for example, as a closed boiler tube wall and, if appropriate, on the floor as a grate perforated by ventilation slots. The boiler tube wall is formed, for example, from parallel tubes connected to one another via tube fins or individually standing tubes, partially fixed on the rear side. A cooling fluid can usually flow through the tubes. Water is preferably used as the cooling fluid, the boiling temperature of which can be set to over 250 ° C. by a correspondingly high pressure.

Die aus einem feuerfesten Material bestehenden Schutzelemente werden beispielsweise durch mechanische Haltevorrichtungen, wie z.B. Haken, und/oder durch Mörtel mit der Ofenwandanordnung verbunden.The protective elements made of a refractory material are, for example, by mechanical holding devices, such as Hook, and / or connected to the furnace wall arrangement by mortar.

Eine unter die oben genannte Gattung fallende Ofenwandanordnung ist aus DE 102 04 240 A1 bekannt. In der dort vorgestellten Lösung weist die Kesselrohrwand Halteelemente auf und die Schutzelemente weisen Ausnehmungen auf, in denen die Halteelemente vorgesehen sind. Über Bohrungen in den Schutzelementen können Verankerungselemente durch Löcher der Halteelemente geschoben werden, um die Schutzelemente an den Halteelementen zu verankern.A furnace wall arrangement falling under the above-mentioned type is out DE 102 04 240 A1 known. In the solution presented there, the boiler tube wall has holding elements and the protective elements have recesses in which the holding elements are provided. Anchoring elements can be drilled through holes in the protective elements Holes of the holding elements are pushed in order to anchor the protective elements on the holding elements.

Der Spalt zwischen Ofenwand und Schutzelement wird im Stand der Technik beim Betrieb des Feuerungsofens teilweise von einem Spülgas bzw. einem Spaltmedium, als sogenanntes hinterlüftetes System, etwa Luft, durchströmt, um korrosive Gase, die im Brennraum entstehen, von der Ofenwand möglichst gut zu trennen. An dieser Lösung ist ein schlechter Wärmeübergang zwischen Schutzelement und Ofenwand nachteilig, da Wärme fast nur durch Wärmestrahlung und kaum durch Wärmeleitung transportiert wird. In der Folge haben die Schutzelemente auf der Brennraumseite eine hohe Oberflächentemperatur, die zu einem vorzeitigen Verschleiß der Schutzelemente und zu einer geringen Wärmeentnahme aus der jeweiligen Zone des Kessels führt.In the prior art, when operating the furnace, the gap between the furnace wall and the protective element is partially flowed through by a flushing gas or a cracking medium, as a so-called rear-ventilated system, such as air, in order to separate corrosive gases that arise in the combustion chamber from the furnace wall as well as possible . With this solution, poor heat transfer between the protective element and the furnace wall is disadvantageous, since heat is transported almost exclusively by heat radiation and hardly by heat conduction. As a result, the protective elements on the combustion chamber side have a high surface temperature, which leads to premature wear of the protective elements and to a low heat extraction from the respective zone of the boiler.

Ein besserer Wärmeübergang zwischen dem Schutzelement und der Ofenwand wird durch das Auffüllen des Zwischenraumes mit Mörtel oder durch das Ausgießen des Zwischenraums mit Zement erreicht. In DE 20 2004 020 448 U1 wird der Zwischenraum mit einem Kleber ausgefüllt, der gleichzeitig der Befestigung der Schutzelemente an den Ofenwänden dient. Nachteilig an dieser Lösung ist ein relativ hoher Montage- und Demontageaufwand bei Reparaturarbeiten.A better heat transfer between the protective element and the furnace wall is achieved by filling the space with mortar or by pouring the space with cement. In DE 20 2004 020 448 U1 the space is filled with an adhesive that also serves to attach the protective elements to the furnace walls. The disadvantage of this solution is a relatively high assembly and disassembly effort for repair work.

Im Stand der Technik sind im allgemeinen nur einige Ofenwände nämlich die Seitenwände und Decken mit Schutzelementen verkleidet.In the prior art, in general only a few furnace walls, namely the side walls and ceilings, are covered with protective elements.

Dokumente EP1310731 und US5107798 offenbaren eine Ofenwandanordnung eines industriellen Feuerungsofens mit einer Ofenwand und mit wenigstens einem einseitig an einer Innenseite der Ofenwand befestigten Schutzelement aus feuerfestem Material.Documents EP1310731 and US5107798 disclose a furnace wall arrangement of an industrial furnace with a furnace wall and with at least one protective element made of refractory material which is fastened on one side to an inside of the furnace wall.

Es ist daher die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, eine Kesselwandanordnung vorzuschlagen, die sich durch einen guten Wärmeübergang zwischen Schutzelement und Ofenwand auszeichnet.It is therefore the object of the present invention to propose a boiler wall arrangement which is characterized by good heat transfer between the protective element and the furnace wall.

Die Aufgabe wird durch eine Ofenwandanordnung gemässt dem Anspruch 1 gelöst.The object is achieved by a furnace wall arrangement according to claim 1.

Die Kühlrippen sorgen für eine gute Wärmeableitung von den Schutzelementen in die Ofenwand. Dadurch sind die Schutzelemente von ihren Rückseiten her gekühlt, was sich vorteilhaft auf die Lebensdauer der Schutzelemente auswirkt.The cooling fins ensure good heat dissipation from the protective elements into the furnace wall. As a result, the protective elements are cooled from their rear sides, which has an advantageous effect on the service life of the protective elements.

In einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Ofenwandanordnung sind die Kühlrippen langgestreckte Profilstangen, die zumindest teilweise form- und/oder kraftschlüssig in zu den Kühlrippen passenden Nuten, die in dem Schutzelement ausgebildet sind, angeordnet sind.In an advantageous embodiment of the furnace wall arrangement according to the invention, the cooling fins are elongated profile rods which are at least partially positively and / or non-positively arranged in grooves matching the cooling fins and which are formed in the protective element.

Die Profilstangen sind in einem zweckmäßigen Ausführungsbeispiel lange quaderförmige Vollprofile, insbesondere in Form von Streifen. In anderen Ausführungsbeispielen haben die Profilstangen keinen gefüllten Querschnitt, sondern ihr Querschnitt belegt nur Teile einer Fläche, beispielsweise belegt ein U-förmiges Profil drei Ränder einer Fläche. Bei einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel ist die Kühlrippe lagenweise aus einer Grafitfolie bis zur gewünschten Stärke aufgebaut. Hierbei werden Streifen aus Graphitfolie mit einer Dicke insbesondere im Bereich von 0,4 bis 1 mm lageweise aufeinandergelegt und gegebenenfalls miteinander verklebt. Die stangenförmige Ausgestaltung der Kühlrippen ist insbesondere dann vorteilhaft, wenn auch die Ofenwand linear verlaufende Strukturen, beispielsweise Rohre, aufweist. Die Kühlrippen werden in diesem Fall vorzugsweise parallel zu den linear verlaufenden Strukturen der Ofenwand angeordnet, so dass sich große Kontaktflächen zwischen der Ofenwand und den Kühlrippen ergeben, die wiederum eine gute Wärmeleitung von den Kühlrippen in die Ofenwand bewirken. Die Nuten in den Schutzelementen gewährleisen große Kontaktflächen zwischen den Schutzelementen und den Kühlrippen und somit eine gute Wärmeleitung aus den Schutzelementen in die Kühlrippen. Außerdem können die Kühlrippen in den Nuten vorteilhaft mechanisch befestigt oder eingeklebt werden. Zwischen benachbarten sich linear erstreckenden Kühlrippen kann ein Spülgas geleitet werden, wobei die Kühlrippen als Kanalwände eines Spülgaskanals dienen. An Spülgaszuführungen und Spülgasableitungen des Feuerungsofens sind dabei üblicherweise keinerlei Anpassungen erforderlich. In einigen Ausführungsbeispielen, beispielsweise bei flächigen Ofenwänden, haben die Kühlrippen andere als langgestreckte Formen, beispielsweise kreisförmige.In an expedient exemplary embodiment, the profile bars are long, rectangular, full profiles, in particular in the form of strips. In other exemplary embodiments, the profile bars do not have a filled cross section, but their cross section only occupies parts of a surface, for example a U-shaped profile occupies three edges of a surface. In a further exemplary embodiment, the cooling fin is built up in layers from a graphite foil to the desired thickness. Strips of graphite foil with a thickness, in particular in the range from 0.4 to 1 mm, are stacked on top of one another and, if appropriate, glued to one another. The rod-shaped configuration of the cooling fins is particularly advantageous if the furnace wall also has linear structures, for example pipes. In this case, the cooling fins are preferably arranged parallel to the linearly running structures of the furnace wall, so that there are large contact surfaces between the furnace wall and the cooling fins, which in turn bring about good heat conduction from the cooling fins into the furnace wall. The grooves in the protective elements ensure large contact areas between the protective elements and the cooling fins and thus good heat conduction from the protective elements into the cooling fins. In addition, the cooling fins can advantageously be mechanically attached or glued into the grooves. A flushing gas can be passed between adjacent linearly extending cooling fins, the cooling fins serving as channel walls of a flushing gas channel. No adjustments are usually required to the purge gas supply and purge gas discharge of the furnace. In some exemplary embodiments, for example in the case of flat furnace walls, the cooling fins have shapes other than elongated, for example circular.

Gemäß bevorzugten Ausgestaltungen der erfindungsgemäßen Ofenwandanordnung haben die die Profilstangen einen I-förmigen Querschnitt oder einen Querschnitt in Form eines trapezförmig verjüngten "I"s, wobei die breitere Seite des Trapezes in Anlage an der Ofenwand und die schmalere Seite des Trapezes in der Nut des Schutzelements vorgesehen ist. In diesen Ausgestaltungen haben die Kühlrippen besonders einfache geometrische Formen, die eine besonders einfache Herstellung und Bearbeitung der Kühlrippen ermöglichen. Die Kühlrippen mit dem Querschnitt in Form eines trapezförmig verjüngten "I"s, also leicht angespitzte Kühlrippen, erleichtern teilweise ein vollständiges Einführen der Kühlrippen in die Nuten. Alternativ werden andere Profilstangen verwendet, beispielsweise solche, deren Querschnitt sich aus einem Kreisbogen und von dem Kreisbogen radial abstehenden geraden Rippen zusammensetzt oder aus lagenweise aufgebauter Graphitfolie.According to preferred embodiments of the furnace wall arrangement according to the invention, the profile bars have an I-shaped cross section or a cross section in the form of a trapezoidal tapered "I" s, the wider side of the trapezoid being in contact with the Furnace wall and the narrower side of the trapezoid is provided in the groove of the protective element. In these configurations, the cooling fins have particularly simple geometric shapes, which enable particularly simple production and processing of the cooling fins. The cooling fins with the cross section in the form of a trapezoidally tapered "I" s, that is to say slightly pointed cooling fins, partially facilitate complete insertion of the cooling fins into the grooves. Alternatively, other profile rods are used, for example those whose cross-section is composed of a circular arc and straight ribs projecting radially from the circular arc, or of graphite foil built up in layers.

In einigen vorteilhaften Varianten erfindungsgemäßer Ofenwandanordnungen sind die Kühlrippen in dem Schutzelement eingeklebt. Der Kleber sorgt dabei für einen guten thermischen Kontakt, für eine gasdichte Verbindung und außerdem für eine mechanische Vormontage, die letztlich zu einer einfachen Montierbarkeit und Demontierbarkeit der Ofenwandanordnung beiträt. In alternativen Ausführungsbeispielen der Erfindung sind Kühlrippen an der Ofenwand befestigt, beispielsweise geklebt, verschraubt, geklemmt oder gelötet.In some advantageous variants of furnace wall arrangements according to the invention, the cooling fins are glued into the protective element. The adhesive ensures good thermal contact, a gas-tight connection and, in addition, mechanical pre-assembly, which ultimately contributes to easy assembly and disassembly of the furnace wall arrangement. In alternative embodiments of the invention, cooling fins are attached to the furnace wall, for example glued, screwed, clamped or soldered.

Bei weiteren erfindungsgemäßen Ofenwandanordnungen bestehen die Kühlrippen aus einem hitzebeständigen elastischen Material. Durch die auch bei Temperaturwechselbelastungen vorhandene Elastizität bleiben solche Kühlrippen, wenn sie im montierten Zustand zwischen der Ofenwand und dem Schutzelemente eingespannt sind, dauerhaft in einer mechanischen Anlage an der Ofenwand und an dem Schutzelement. Das Kühlrippenmaterial ist weich und übt bei einer elastischen Deformation nur kleine Kräfte auf die einspannenden Bauteile aus. Von den an die Ofenwand angepressten Kühlrippen werden nur zulässige kleine Druckkräfte auf die Schutzelemente ausgeübt, so dass die Schutzelemente nicht beschädigt werden.In further furnace wall arrangements according to the invention, the cooling fins consist of a heat-resistant elastic material. Due to the elasticity that is present even when there is a change in temperature, such cooling fins, when they are clamped between the furnace wall and the protective elements in the assembled state, remain permanently in a mechanical system on the furnace wall and on the protective element. The cooling fin material is soft and, in the event of elastic deformation, exerts only small forces on the clamping components. From the cooling fins pressed onto the furnace wall, only permissible small compressive forces are exerted on the protective elements, so that the protective elements are not damaged.

In einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Ofenwandanordnung ist das hitzebeständige elastische Dichtungsmaterial expandierter Graphit. Dieser Werkstoff zeichnet sich durch eine gute Wärmeleitfähigkeit, Elastizität und eine gute chemische Beständigkeit gegen Korrosion durch Rauchgas aus. Die spezifische Wärmeleitfähigkeit des verwendeten Werkstoffes ist vorzugsweise 100 W m-1 K-1 groß oder größer. Folglich ist dieser Werkstoff besonders gut zur Ausbildung der Kühlrippen geeignet. In alternativen Ausbildungen kommen andere Werkstoffe, beispielsweise Metallbalgen oder Metallschäume zum Einsatz.In a preferred embodiment of the furnace wall arrangement according to the invention, the heat-resistant elastic sealing material is expanded graphite. This material is characterized by good thermal conductivity, elasticity and good chemical resistance to corrosion by flue gas. The specific thermal conductivity of the material used is preferably 100 W m -1 K -1 or greater. Consequently, this material is particularly well suited for the formation of the cooling fins. Alternative materials, such as metal bellows or metal foams, are used in alternative designs.

In einer anderen vorteilhaften Variante der erfindungsgemäßen Ofenwandanordnung sind die Kühlrippen lagenweise aus einer Graphitfolie aufgebaut. Graphitfolie ist wegen ihrer geringen Dicke flexibel. Mehrlagige Anordnungen der Graphitfolie sind in Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung, beispielsweise als lamellenförmiger Stapel oder als eine Einrollung, insbesondere zu einer flexiblen Dichtung verarbeitet.In another advantageous variant of the furnace wall arrangement according to the invention, the cooling fins are built up in layers from a graphite foil. Graphite foil is flexible due to its small thickness. Multi-layer arrangements of the graphite foil are processed in embodiments of the invention, for example as a lamellar stack or as a curl, in particular to form a flexible seal.

Vorzugsweise ist die erfindungsgemäße Ofenwandanordnung derart dimensioniert, dass die auftretenden Temperaturen der Kühlrippen immer unter 600°C bleiben. Die Innenseiten der Schutzelemente sind dem Brennraum zugewandt in dem hohe Temperaturen von beispielsweise 1150°C herrschen. Dadurch erwärmt sich die innere Oberfläche der Schutzelemente. Bei Ofenwandanordnungen nach dem Stand der Technik wurden an den Oberflächen der Innenseite der Schutzelemente Temperaturen bis zu größer als 1000°C gemessen. Die Außenseiten der Schutzelemente sind gekühlt, so dass diese eine geringere Oberflächentemperatur aufweisen. Entsprechend werden die Schutzelement in der erfindungsgemäßen Ofenwandanordnung insgesamt gut gekühlt, so dass auftretende Temperaturen gering und die Haltbarkeit der Schutzelemente hoch ist. Die Kühlrippen sind wärmeleitend mit den Außenseiten der Schutzelemente verbunden, so dass diese zumindest in der Nähe der Grenzflächen mit den Schutzelementen nahezu die gleichen Temperaturen annehmen. Zu hohe Temperaturen können die Kühlrippen schädigen, beispielsweise kann Sauerstoff Graphit bei Temperaturen über 600°C oxidieren. Dementsprechend werden Materialstärken und andere Parameter, die die auftretenden Temperaturen beeinflussen, so eingestellt, dass vorgegebene Temperaturgrenzwerte nicht überschritten werden.The furnace wall arrangement according to the invention is preferably dimensioned such that the temperatures of the cooling fins always remain below 600 ° C. The inside of the protective elements face the combustion chamber, which has high temperatures of, for example, 1150 ° C. This heats up the inner surface of the protective elements. In furnace wall arrangements according to the prior art, temperatures up to greater than 1000 ° C. were measured on the surfaces of the inside of the protective elements. The outside of the protective elements are cooled so that they have a lower surface temperature. Accordingly, the protective elements in the furnace wall arrangement according to the invention are well cooled overall, so that temperatures that occur are low and the durability of the protective elements is high. The cooling fins are connected in a heat-conducting manner to the outer sides of the protective elements, so that these assume almost the same temperatures, at least in the vicinity of the interfaces with the protective elements. Excessively high temperatures can damage the cooling fins, for example oxygen can oxidize graphite at temperatures above 600 ° C. Accordingly, material thicknesses and other parameters that influence the temperatures that occur are set so that predetermined temperature limit values are not exceeded.

Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der erfindungsgemäßen Ofenwandanordnung ist an der Ofenwand wenigstens eine Graphitfolie angeordnet, wobei die Graphitfolie zwischen benachbarte Kühlrippen geklemmt ist. In dieser Weiterbildung wird die gute chemische Beständigkeit von Graphit ausgenutzt, um korrosionsgefährdete Bereiche der Ofenwand abzudecken und vor chemischer Belastung durch Rauchgas zu schützen.According to an advantageous development of the furnace wall arrangement according to the invention, at least one graphite foil is arranged on the furnace wall, the graphite foil being clamped between adjacent cooling fins. In this further development, the good chemical resistance of graphite is used to cover areas of the furnace wall that are at risk of corrosion and to protect against chemical exposure to flue gas.

In zwei Varianten der erfindungsgemäßen Ofenwandanordnung ist die Ofenwand als Kesselrohrwand, in der parallele Rohre über Rohrflossen miteinander verbunden sind, oder als Rost ausgebildet. Seitenwände und Decken von Industrieöfen sind häufig als Kesselrohrwände ausgebildet. Die Kesselrohrwände sind durch plattenförmige Schutzelemente verkleidet, deren Seiten teilweise invers zu den Kesselrohrwänden profiliert sind, um konstante Abstände zwischen der Ofenwand und dem Schutzelement sicherzustellen.In two variants of the furnace wall arrangement according to the invention, the furnace wall is designed as a boiler tube wall, in which parallel tubes are connected to one another via tube fins, or as a grate. Side walls and ceilings of industrial furnaces are often designed as boiler tube walls. The boiler tube walls are clad by plate-shaped protective elements, the sides of which are partially profiled inversely to the boiler tube walls to ensure constant distances between the furnace wall and the protective element.

Überraschenderweise wurde gefunden, dass in erfindungsgemäßen Ofenwandanordnungen durch die Kühlrippen nur so geringe Kräfte auf die Schutzelemente übertragen werden, dass auch der Rost des Kessels mit passenden Schutzelementen verkleidet werden kann. In einer solchen Anordnung ist also auch der Rost als eine Ofenwand zu verstehen, der Bestandteil einer erfindungsgemäßen Ofenwandanordnung ist ebenso wie das Schutzelement als solches.Surprisingly, it was found that in the furnace wall arrangements according to the invention, only small forces are transmitted to the protective elements by the cooling fins that the grate of the boiler can also be covered with suitable protective elements. In such an arrangement, the grate is therefore also to be understood as an oven wall, the component of an oven wall arrangement according to the invention, as well as the protective element as such.

Bei einzeln stehenden Rohren einer Ofenwandanordnung sind die Schutzelemente vorzugsweise als taillierte Platten ausgebildet, das heißt als Platten, die an zwei gegenüberliegenden Enden mit Ausnehmungen, insbesondere solche mit teilkreisförmigem Querschnitt ausgebildet sind, wobei die Ausnehmungen die Rohre der Ofenwand mit Abstand umgreifen. Die Kühlrippen sind vorzugsweise im Bereich dieser Ausnehmungen aufgenommen und durchgreifen den spaltförmigen Ringraum zwischen Ausnehmung und Rohr. Die Platten werden über- und nebeneinander zur Bildung der Ofenwandanordnung angeordnet und sind lose geführt, so dass eine Befestigung an der Ofenwand entfallen kann.In the case of individually standing pipes of a furnace wall arrangement, the protective elements are preferably designed as waisted plates, that is to say as plates which are formed at two opposite ends with recesses, in particular those with a part-circular cross section, the recesses encompassing the pipes of the furnace wall at a distance. The cooling fins are preferably received in the area of these recesses and pass through the gap-shaped annular space between the recess and the tube. The plates are arranged one above the other and next to each other to form the furnace wall arrangement and are loosely guided so that fastening to the furnace wall can be omitted.

Vorzugsweise durchgreifen diese Platten den Freiraum zwischen benachbarten Rohren und stehen beidseits der Rohrebene vor. Im Übrigen sind die Platten aus demselben Material aufgebaut, wie vorstehend beschrieben ist, was auch auf die Kühlrippen zutrifft.These plates preferably penetrate the space between adjacent pipes and protrude on both sides of the pipe plane. In addition, the plates are made of the same material as described above, which also applies to the cooling fins.

Schließlich ist auszuführen, dass das Material der Kühlrippen geeignet gewählt werden kann, wobei bevorzugt jedoch Graphit verwendet wird.Finally, it should be stated that the material of the cooling fins can be selected appropriately, but preferably graphite is used.

Der Vorteil der beschriebenen Ausführungsform besteht in einer sehr guten Schutzfunktion. Ferner werden die Rohre mehr oder weniger insgesamt von den Kühlrippen umgeben. Auch die Montage ist denkbar einfach und gesonderte Befestigungsmittel gegenüber der Ofenwand sind entbehrlich.The advantage of the described embodiment is a very good protective function. Furthermore, the tubes are more or less completely surrounded by the cooling fins. Installation is also extremely simple and separate fasteners opposite the furnace wall are unnecessary.

Die vorliegende Erfindung soll im Folgenden an Hand von Figuren rein schematisch näher erläutert werden, wobei,

  • Fig. 1 einen Querschnitt durch eine erste Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Wandanordnung,
  • Fig. 2 ein Schutzelement der Anordnung nach Figur 1 in einer perspektivischen Ansicht auf seine Rückseite zeigt, sowie
  • Fig. 3 eine weitere Ausführungsform einer Ofenanordnung in Perspektive zeigt.
The present invention is to be explained in more detail below with the aid of figures, in which
  • Fig. 1 3 shows a cross section through a first embodiment of the wall arrangement according to the invention,
  • Fig. 2 a protective element according to the arrangement Figure 1 shows in a perspective view on its back, as well
  • Fig. 3 shows a further embodiment of a furnace arrangement in perspective.

Fig. 1 zeigt schematisch ein bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Ofenwandanordnung 1 im Querschnitt. Dargestellte Komponenten der Ofenwandanordnung 1 sind eine Ofenwand 2, Schutzelemente 3 und zwischen einer Innenseite 4 der Ofenwand 2 und Außenseiten 5 der Schutzelementen 3 eingespannte Kühlrippen 6. Fig. 1 schematically shows a preferred embodiment of a furnace wall arrangement 1 according to the invention in cross section. Components of the furnace wall arrangement 1 shown are a furnace wall 2, protective elements 3 and cooling fins 6 clamped between an inner side 4 of the furnace wall 2 and outer sides 5 of the protective elements 3.

Die Ofenwand 2 ist in der dargestellten Variante eine Kesselrohrwand, welche Rohre 12 und Rohrflossen 13 aufweist. Durch die Rohre 12 wird beim Betrieb des Ofens Wasser geleitet, über welches Wärme aus der Ofenwand 2 abgeführt wird.In the variant shown, the furnace wall 2 is a boiler tube wall which has tubes 12 and tube fins 13. During operation of the furnace, water is passed through the tubes 12, via which heat is removed from the furnace wall 2.

In den Schutzelementen 3 sind Aufhängausnehmungen 11 ausgebildet, mit denen die Schutzelemente 3 an Halteelementen 10 aufgehängt sind, wobei die Halteelemente 10 an der Ofenwand 3 angeordnet, insbesondere befestigt sind. In dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel sind die Schutzelemente 3 aus Siliziumcarbid hergestellte Platten. In anderen Ausführungsbeispielen sind die Schutzelemente 3 aus anderen feuerfesten Materialien ausgebildet. Zwischen benachbarten Schutzelementen 3 befinden sich Fugen 8, die mit geeignetem Mörtel 9, beispielsweise einem SiC-Mörtel oder auch Zement, verfugt sind.In the protective elements 3, suspension recesses 11 are formed, by means of which the protective elements 3 are suspended on holding elements 10, the holding elements 10 being arranged, in particular fastened, on the furnace wall 3. In the illustrated embodiment, the protective elements 3 are plates made of silicon carbide. In other exemplary embodiments, the protective elements 3 are formed from other refractory materials. There are joints 8 between adjacent protective elements 3, which are grouted with suitable mortar 9, for example an SiC mortar or cement.

Zwischen die Ofenwand 2 und die Schutzelemente 3 sind Kühlrippen 6 eingespannt, die in dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel vorzugsweise elastische und insbesondere aus expandiertem Graphit gebildete Stangen bzw. Streifen, hier beispielsweise und bevorzugt quaderförmige Stangen mit einem I-förmigen Querschnitt sind. In der räumlichen Dimension senkrecht zu der dargestellten Ebene haben die Kühlrippen 6 und die Nuten 7 deutlich größere lineare Längenausdehnungen als die dargestellten Querschnittskanten. Die Kühlrippen 6 liegen geeignet an der Ofenwand 2 und an den Wandelementen an, so dass eine gute Wärmeleitung aus den Wandelementen 3 über die Kühlrippen 6 in die Ofenwand 2 gewährleistet ist.Cooling fins 6 are clamped between the furnace wall 2 and the protective elements 3, which in the exemplary embodiment shown are preferably elastic rods or strips, in particular formed from expanded graphite, here, for example, and preferably rectangular rods with an I-shaped cross section. In the spatial dimension perpendicular to the plane shown, the cooling fins 6 and the grooves 7 have significantly larger linear lengths than the cross-sectional edges shown. The cooling fins 6 lie suitably on the furnace wall 2 and on the wall elements, so that good heat conduction from the wall elements 3 via the cooling fins 6 into the furnace wall 2 is ensured.

Fig. 2 zeigt schematisch eine perspektivische Ansicht auf die Außenseite 5 eines Wandelements 3. Die vorn dargestellte Kante des Wandelements 3 ist eine Schnittkante, an der gut die Struktur der Nuten 7 und der Aufhängausnehmung 11 zu erkennen sind. Fig. 2 schematically shows a perspective view of the outside 5 of a wall element 3. The edge of the wall element 3 shown at the front is a cut edge, on which the structure of the grooves 7 and the suspension recess 11 can be clearly seen.

In die Nuten bzw. Fugen 7 sind in einem bevorzugten nicht dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel als Kühlrippen Streifen mit einem trapezförmigen Querschnitt eingesetzt, wobei eine zwischen den parallelen Seiten des Trapezes gemessene Breite 10 mm, eine an der breiten Seite des Trapezes gemessene Länge 8 mm und eine an der schmalen Seite des Trapezes gemessene Länge 7 mm beträgt, was bevorzugt, aber nur exemplarisch ist. Die Kühlrippen bestehen in Ausführungsbeispielen bevorzugt aus dem expandierten Graphitwerkstoff "Ecophit L".In a preferred embodiment, not shown, strips with a trapezoidal cross-section are inserted into the grooves or joints 7, a width 10 mm measured between the parallel sides of the trapezoid, a length 8 mm measured on the wide side of the trapezoid and one on the narrow side of the trapezoid measured length is 7 mm, which is preferred, but is only exemplary. In exemplary embodiments, the cooling fins preferably consist of the expanded graphite material "Ecophit L".

Figur 3 zeigt wiederum rein schematisch und in perspektivischer Darstellung einen Teil einer weiteren Ausführungsform einer Ofenwandanordnung nach der Erfindung. Hierbei sind gleiche Bauelemente mit denselben Bezugszeichen wie in den Figuren 1 und 2 bezeichnet. Dabei ist die Ofenwand durch beabstandete Rohre 12 gebildet, die sozusagen eine Kesselrohrwand aufspannen, wobei im Betrieb des Ofens durch die Rohre Kühlwasser geleitet wird, um Wärme abzuführen. Anstelle der Schutzelemente 3 nach der Ausführungsform in den Figuren 1 und 2 werden nunmehr Schutzelemente in Form von Taillensteinen 20 verwendet, die anders als bei der vorhergehenden Ausführungsform nicht mehr unmittelbar an der Ofenwand befestigt sind, sondern gegenüber bzw. an den Rohren 12 lose geführt sind. Diese Taillensteine 20 sind zur Bildung der Ofenwandanordnung über- und nebeneinander angeordnet, also in Art einer Ziegelwand. Figure 3 again shows purely schematically and in perspective part of a further embodiment of a furnace wall arrangement according to the invention. Here are the same components with the same reference numerals as in the Figures 1 and 2 designated. In this case, the furnace wall is formed by spaced tubes 12 which, so to speak, span a boiler tube wall, cooling water being passed through the tubes during operation of the furnace in order to remove heat. Instead of the protective elements 3 according to the embodiment in the Figures 1 and 2 protective elements in the form of waist stones 20 are now used which, unlike in the previous embodiment, are no longer attached directly to the furnace wall, but are loosely guided opposite or on the tubes 12. These waist stones 20 are arranged above and next to one another to form the furnace wall arrangement, ie in the manner of a brick wall.

Wie Figur 3 zeigt, sind die als Taillensteine ausgebildeten Schutzelemente 3 an zwei gegenüberliegenden Seiten, die den Rohren 12 zugewandt sind, mit Ausnehmungen 22 versehen, ähnlich dem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel, die hier bevorzugt halbkreisförmigen Querschnitt aufweisen. In diesen Ausnehmungen 22 sind analog dem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel auch die entsprechenden Kühlrippen 6 aufgenommen. Diese Kühlrippen stehen wiederum in Kontakt mit dem Rohr 12 und dem Taillenstein und sind ebenso ausgebildet, insbesondere materialmäßig entsprechend der ersten Ausführungsform ausgelegt, das heißt vorzugsweise aus hitzebeständigem Material, insbesondere expandiertem Graphit mit insbesondere elastischen Materialeigenschaften ausgebildet.How Figure 3 shows, the protective elements 3 designed as waist stones are provided on two opposite sides, which face the tubes 12, with recesses 22, similar to the first exemplary embodiment, which here preferably have a semicircular cross section. Analogous to the first exemplary embodiment, the corresponding cooling fins 6 are also accommodated in these recesses 22. These cooling fins are in contact with the tube 12 and the waist stone and are also designed, in particular in terms of material designed according to the first embodiment, that is, preferably made of heat-resistant material, in particular expanded graphite with in particular elastic material properties.

Die Taillensteine sind plattenförmig ausgebildet und - wie weiter oben bereits ausgeführt wurde, sind entsprechend der Höhe der Ofenwandordnung entsprechend viele Steine übereinander stapelweise sowie auch nebeneinander angeordnet, so dass gegenüber der Ausbildung der Schutzelemente in den Figuren 1 und 2 die Schutzelemente auch den Freiraum zwischen den Rohren 12 durchgreifen und darüber hinaus ebenfalls beidseitig vorstehen und überdies im Verbund mit den nebeneinander angeordneten Taillensteinen 20 das Rohr 12 im wesentlichen vollumfänglich umschließen, so dass die Kühlrippen 6 sozusagen über den gesamten Umfang der Rohre 12 verteilt angeordnet sind. Dadurch erhöht sich der Wirkungsgrad bei dieser Ausführungsform. Die Taillensteine 20 sind materialmäßig entsprechend den im Zusammenhang mit der ersten Ausführungsform erläuterten Stützelementen 3 ausgebildet. Vorteil dieser Ausführungsform ist, dass die Platten nicht mehr einseitig an der Ofenwand befestigt werden müssen, vielmehr lose längs der Rohre 12 geführt und angeordnet sind.The waist stones are plate-shaped and - as has already been explained above, according to the height of the furnace wall arrangement, a corresponding number of stones are stacked on top of one another and also next to one another, so that compared to the formation of the protective elements in the Figures 1 and 2 the protective elements also reach through the free space between the tubes 12 and, in addition, also protrude on both sides and, in conjunction with the waist stones 20 arranged next to one another, also substantially completely enclose the tube 12, so that the cooling fins 6 are arranged, so to speak, distributed over the entire circumference of the tubes 12 . This increases the efficiency in this embodiment. The waist stones 20 are formed in terms of material in accordance with the support elements 3 explained in connection with the first embodiment. The advantage of this embodiment is that the plates no longer have to be fastened on one side to the furnace wall, but rather are guided and arranged loosely along the tubes 12.

In einer bevorzugten, nicht zwingenden Ausgestaltung haben die Taillenplatten Abmessungen von 147 x 176 mm in Länge und Breite und eine Dicke von 100 mn. Der Rohrabstand kann 150 mm bei einem Rohrdurchmesser von 57 mm sein. Bei einem Rohrabstand von 225 mm und Rohrdurchmessern von 57 mm sind die Taillensteine bevorzugt mit 223 x 187 x 64 mm bemessen.In a preferred, non-mandatory embodiment, the waist panels have dimensions of 147 x 176 mm in length and width and a thickness of 100 mm. The pipe spacing can be 150 mm with a pipe diameter of 57 mm. With a tube spacing of 225 mm and tube diameters of 57 mm, the waist stones are preferably dimensioned with 223 x 187 x 64 mm.

Vorteilhafte Eigenschaften von Graphit sind eine hohe Wärmeleitfähigkeit und eine hohe chemische Beständigkeit gegen in dem Feuerungsofen freigesetzte aggressive Gase. Die Hitzebeständigkeit von Graphit an Luft ist für die beschriebene Anwendung ausreichend groß, da das Graphit durch die Rohrwand gekühlt wird. Durch die Ausrichtung der Kühlrippen, bei denen es sich insbesondere um Graphitstreifen handelt, entlang der Rohre der Rohrwand und entlang der sich entlang der Rohre ersteckenden Schutzelemente wird eine hohe Wärmeübertragung aus dem Schutzelement in die Ofenwand gewährleistet. Dies trägt zu einer erheblich höheren Effektivität der Feuerungsöfen, im Vergleich zu Feuerungsöfen mit hinterlüfteten Schutzelementen, bei. Darüber hinaus ist die Oberflächentemperatur an der Heißseite des Schutzelements kleiner als im Stand der Technik. In der Folge haben die Schutzelemente eine erhöhte Lebensdauer. Außerdem ist das Anhaften von Flugaschen und Schlacken schwächer ausgeprägt als im Stand der Technik.Advantageous properties of graphite are a high thermal conductivity and a high chemical resistance to aggressive gases released in the furnace. The heat resistance of graphite in air is sufficiently high for the application described, since the graphite is cooled by the tube wall. The alignment of the cooling fins, which are in particular graphite strips, along the tubes of the tube wall and along the protective elements extending along the tubes ensures high heat transfer from the protective element into the furnace wall. This contributes to a significantly higher effectiveness of the furnace, compared to furnace with ventilated protective elements. In addition, the surface temperature on the hot side of the protective element is lower than in the prior art. As a result, the protective elements have an increased service life. In addition, the adherence of fly ash and slag is less pronounced than in the prior art.

Claims (14)

  1. A furnace wall arrangement (1) of an industrial firing furnace with a furnace wall (2) and with at least one protection element (3) out of fireproof material, the element being fixed unilaterally to an inner side (4) of the furnace wall through mechanical holding devices, characterized in that the furnace wall arrangement comprises cooling fins (6) which are arranged between the inner side (4) of the furnace wall and an outer side (5) of the protection element (3), with the cooling fins (6) having a specific thermal conductivity that is larger than specific thermal conductivities of a splitting medium that is arranged between the furnace wall (2) and the protection element (2) and/or of a mortar that is arranged between two protection elements as well as of the protection element (3), and with the specific thermal conductivity of the cooling fins (6) being larger than a specific thermal conductivity of the furnace wall (2).
  2. The furnace wall arrangement (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the cooling fins (6) are elongated profile bars which are at least partially arranged in a form-fit and/or force-fit manner in grooves (7) matching to the cooling fins (6), the grooves being configured in the protection element (3).
  3. The furnace wall arrangement (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that the profile bars have an I-shaped cross section or a cross section in form of a trapezoid-shaped, conical "I", with the broader side of the trapeze attaching the furnace wall (2) and the narrower side of the trapeze being provided in the groove of the protection element (3).
  4. The furnace wall arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the cooling fins (6) are glued into the protection element (3).
  5. The furnace wall arrangement (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the cooling fins (6) are made of a heat-proof elastic material.
  6. The furnace wall arrangement (1) according to claim 5, characterized in that the heat-proof, elastic material is expanded graphite.
  7. The furnace wall arrangement (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the cooling fins are built up in layers out of graphite foils.
  8. The furnace wall arrangement (1) according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the furnace wall arrangement (1) is dimensioned such that the occurring temperatures of the cooling fins (6) always remain below 600°C.
  9. The furnace wall arrangement (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one graphite foil is arranged at the furnace wall (2), with the graphite foil being clamped between neighbouring cooling fins (6).
  10. The furnace wall arrangement (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the furnace wall (2) is configured as a boiler tube wall, in which parallel tubes (12) are connected via tubular fins (13) with one another, or are configured as a grid.
  11. The furnace wall arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the protection elements (3) are configured by plates (20) which are loosely guided within the furnace wall arrangement, each plate having including recesses (22) at two opposite sides, preferably in the shape of pitch circles, and in that cooling fins (6) are arranged in the recesses (22).
  12. The furnace wall arrangement with a furnace wall being formed by spaced cooling agent tubes (12) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the plates (20) reach into the space between two tubes (12), protruding at both sides laterally from the plane formed by the tubes, with the recesses (22) of neighbouring plates (20) preferably encompassing the tubes (12).
  13. The furnace wall arrangement according to one of the claims 11 or 12, characterized in that the plates (20) are arranged upon one another or next to each other for forming the furnace wall arrangement.
  14. The furnace wall arrangement characterized by the features of at least one of the preceding claims.
EP14796416.7A 2013-11-12 2014-10-31 Oven wall arrangement Active EP3069079B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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DE102013018936.5A DE102013018936B4 (en) 2013-11-12 2013-11-12 furnace wall arrangement
PCT/EP2014/002930 WO2015070953A1 (en) 2013-11-12 2014-10-31 Furnace wall arrangement

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EP3069079B1 true EP3069079B1 (en) 2020-05-13

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102016114177B4 (en) 2016-04-15 2023-11-23 Jünger+Gräter GmbH Refractory protection segment
DE102016103443B4 (en) 2016-02-26 2022-04-28 Jünger+Gräter GmbH refractory protection segment
EP3211307B1 (en) 2016-02-26 2019-06-05 Jünger + Gräter GmbH Feuerfestbau Protective refractory element

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US1772486A (en) * 1925-06-17 1930-08-12 James C Hobbs Furnace wall
US2077410A (en) * 1932-02-20 1937-04-20 Babcock & Wilcox Co Furnace
US5107798A (en) * 1991-04-08 1992-04-28 Sage Of America Co. Composite studs, pulp mill recovery boiler including composite studs and method for protecting boiler tubes
US20120043065A1 (en) * 2009-05-06 2012-02-23 Luvata Espoo Oy Method for Producing a Cooling Element for Pyrometallurgical Reactor and the Cooling Element

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US1841762A (en) * 1932-01-19 gebmahy
GB338684A (en) 1929-10-18 1930-11-27 Fuller Lehigh Co Improvements in steam boiler furnaces
EP1443269A4 (en) * 2001-11-08 2006-07-05 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Fixing structure of refractory tile for protecting water tube and refractory structure for protecting water tube
TWI226418B (en) 2001-11-08 2005-01-11 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Fireproof structure and installation method for protecting water pipes
DE10204240B4 (en) 2002-02-02 2004-07-01 Saint-Gobain Industriekeramik Düsseldorf Gmbh Plate for a protection system for a boiler tube wall and protection system for a boiler tube wall
DE10303173B4 (en) 2003-01-27 2005-06-30 Saint-Gobain Industriekeramik Düsseldorf Gmbh Pipe wall protection for a boiler pipe wall

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1772486A (en) * 1925-06-17 1930-08-12 James C Hobbs Furnace wall
US2077410A (en) * 1932-02-20 1937-04-20 Babcock & Wilcox Co Furnace
US5107798A (en) * 1991-04-08 1992-04-28 Sage Of America Co. Composite studs, pulp mill recovery boiler including composite studs and method for protecting boiler tubes
US20120043065A1 (en) * 2009-05-06 2012-02-23 Luvata Espoo Oy Method for Producing a Cooling Element for Pyrometallurgical Reactor and the Cooling Element

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DE102013018936A1 (en) 2015-05-13
WO2015070953A1 (en) 2015-05-21
PL3069079T3 (en) 2020-11-02
EP3069079A1 (en) 2016-09-21
DE202014009337U1 (en) 2014-12-22
DE102013018936B4 (en) 2022-01-13

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