Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
  • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
  • B60H1/22—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
  • B60H1/2215—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant the heat being derived from electric heaters
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
  • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
  • F24H1/0072—Special adaptations
  • F24H1/009—Special adaptations for vehicle systems
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
  • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
  • F24H1/10—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium
  • F24H1/101—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium using electric energy supply
  • F24H1/102—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium using electric energy supply with resistance
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
  • F24H9/00—Details
  • F24H9/0005—Details for water heaters
  • F24H9/001—Guiding means
  • F24H9/0015—Guiding means in water channels
  • F24H9/0021—Sleeves surrounding heating elements or heating pipes, e.g. pipes filled with heat transfer fluid, for guiding heated liquid
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
  • F24H9/00—Details
  • F24H9/18—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means
  • F24H9/1809—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means for water heaters
  • F24H9/1818—Arrangement or mounting of electric heating means
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
  • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
  • H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
  • H05B3/42—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible
  • H05B3/46—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
  • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
  • H05B2203/013—Heaters using resistive films or coatings
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
  • H05B2214/00—Aspects relating to resistive heating, induction heating and heating using microwaves, covered by groups H05B3/00, H05B6/00
  • H05B2214/02—Heaters specially designed for de-icing or protection against icing

Definitions

• Electrical fluid thermal conditioning device for a motor vehicle, and associated heating and / or air conditioning apparatus
• the invention relates to an electrical device for thermal conditioning of a fluid for a motor vehicle. These include an electric heater.
• the invention applies more particularly to heating and / or air conditioning apparatus for motor vehicles.
• the heating of the air for heating the passenger compartment of a motor vehicle, or allowing demisting or deicing is ensured by the passage of a flow of air through a heat exchanger, plus precisely by a heat exchange between the flow of air and a fluid.
• This is usually the coolant in the case of a heat engine.
• this heating mode may be unsuitable or insufficient to ensure a rapid and efficient heating of the passenger compartment, in particular to ensure a warming of the passenger compartment or defrosting or demisting before use of the vehicle in very cold environment or again when a very rapid rise in temperature is desired.
• the heating function is no longer performed by the circulation of the coolant in the heat exchanger.
• a water circuit can be provided for heating the passenger compartment.
• this heating mode may also be inadequate or insufficient to ensure rapid heating and efficient vehicle interior.
• an air conditioning loop operating in heat pump mode.
• the air conditioning loop conventionally to cool a flow of air with a refrigerant, is in this case used to heat the air flow. It is necessary to do this to use an evaporator of the air conditioning loop as a condenser.
• this mode of heating too may be inappropriate or insufficient.
• the performance of the air conditioning loop in heat pump mode depend on the external climatic conditions. For example, when the outside air has a temperature too low this air can not be used as a source of thermal energy.
• a known solution is to add to the heat exchanger or the water circuit or the air conditioning loop, an additional electrical device for thermal conditioning of the fluid such as an electrical device of heating.
• Such an electric heating device can be adapted to heat the fluid upstream, such as the cooling liquid for the heat engine, or the water for the heating water circuit of the passenger compartment of the electric vehicle or the fluid refrigerant of the air conditioning loop.
• the fluid upstream such as the cooling liquid for the heat engine, or the water for the heating water circuit of the passenger compartment of the electric vehicle or the fluid refrigerant of the air conditioning loop.
• the additional electrical thermal fluid conditioning device comprises one or more thermal modules in contact with the fluid for example to be heated.
• a thermal module may comprise a core and a heating element made in the form of a cylindrical enclosure surrounding the core, in order to define a fluid guiding circuit between the core and the cylindrical enclosure.
• the cylindrical chamber is therefore the source of thermal energy.
• a heating element has electric heating means for example, one or more heating resistors made by screen printing in the form of resistive tracks on the outer surface of the heating element.
• a known solution is to generate a helical movement of the circulating fluid in the guiding circuit. This increases the heat exchange between the heating element for example in the form of a cylindrical chamber and the fluid flowing inside this cylindrical chamber.
• the core has on its outer surface a substantially helical groove.
• This helical groove makes it possible to force the spinning of the fluid in order to increase the heat transfer.
• such a nucleus is therefore of complex realization.
• an electric heating device comprising a plurality of thermal modules, for example two heat modules arranged side by side
• the invention aims to at least partially overcome these disadvantages of the prior art, by providing a fluid thermal conditioning device for simply improving the thermal performance.
• the subject of the invention is an electrical device for thermal conditioning of a fluid for a motor vehicle, said device comprising at least two thermal modules arranged for parallel fluid circulation in the two thermal modules in a common direction, a thermal module comprising:
• a core arranged inside the enclosure, so as to define a fluid guiding circuit between the core and the enclosure,
• the core of a thermal module comprises at least one electric means for heating the fluid, so as to allow a heat transfer between the electric heating means and the fluid able to flow in the guide circuit.
• a fluid heating produced with such a packaging device thermal immersion of the electric heating means in the guide circuit of the fluid to be heated improves the heat transfer and thus to obtain a better performance compared to known solutions in which the electric heating means is disposed on the speakers outside the fluid guide circuit.
• the arrangement of the thermal modules for fluid circulation in the two thermal modules independently and in a common direction improves the reliability of the device, especially in case of failure of one of the thermal modules.
• the fluid flow is homogeneous in the two thermal modules.
• the core comprises a support of the electric heating means made of an electrically insulating material and thermal conductor, such as a ceramic material.
• the electric heating means comprises at least one resistive track
• the core comprises a protective film disposed on the resistive track, and made of an electrical insulating material and thermal conductor, such as a ceramic material.
• the protective film is for example made of the same material as the support of the electric heating means.
• the core thus allows the implementation of the electric heating means in the circuit of the fluid to be heated by providing electrical insulation with respect to the fluid without impairing the thermal performance, because it contributes to the thermal conductivity of the electric heating means to the fluid to be heated.
• the cores respectively have two terminals capable of being connected to a control means of the associated electric heating means, and overmolded in the material of the support of the corresponding core. It is not necessary to provide an interface or additional wiring for the connection of the electric heating means carried by the core to control means. Indeed, the cores can be connected directly to the control means of the electric heating means via the overmolded terminals in the materials of the respective supports, for bringing the current to the electric heating means.
• the device may further comprise one or more of the following features, taken separately or in combination:
• the electric heating means of the cores of the two thermal modules are electrically connected to a common control means;
• control means is arranged opposite one end of at least one core
• the enclosures are made in the form of a unitary block having at least two receiving housings of a corresponding core.
• said device comprises at least one inlet pipe of the fluid and at least one fluid outlet pipe communicating respectively with the fluid guiding circuits, and arranged in an opposite manner on the other hand. other of the device along a longitudinal axis.
• This opposite arrangement of the inlet and the outlet of the fluid on either side of the device, along a longitudinal axis of the cores, allows easy integration into the motor vehicle.
• this arrangement allows a flow of fluid in the guide circuits of the two thermal modules in the common direction.
• this direction is from the bottom up, compared to the integration of the device in a motor vehicle, it reduces the risk of occurrence of air bubbles in the fluid guide circuits that can affect the performance of thermal modules .
• the invention also relates to an apparatus for heating and / or air conditioning for a motor vehicle, characterized in that it comprises an electrical device for thermal conditioning of a fluid as defined above.
• FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic and simplified representation of an electric fluid heating device for a motor vehicle
• FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the heating device of FIG. 1, and
• FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the heater of Figures 1 and 2.
• FIG. 1 represents a device for thermal conditioning 1 of a fluid, such as an electric fluid heating device for a motor vehicle for a heating and / or air conditioning apparatus.
• the thermal conditioning device 1 is for example an additional heating device for heating a fluid arranged in a heating circuit of a vehicle fluid for heating the passenger compartment.
• the thermal conditioning device 1 is disposed upstream of a heat exchanger of an air conditioning loop capable of operating as a heat pump, so as to heat the cooling fluid.
• the thermal conditioning device 1 is arranged upstream of a heat exchanger using the cooling fluid of a heat engine as heat transfer fluid.
• a thermal conditioning device 1 upstream of a heat exchanger for the thermal regulation of a storage device for electrical energy, sometimes called a set of batteries, or a battery to fuel, for a vehicle with electric or hybrid propulsion.
• thermal conditioning device 1 With reference to FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, the thermal conditioning device 1 is now described in more detail.
• the thermal conditioning device 1 comprises at least a first thermal module 3a, and a second thermal module 3b. Of course, it is possible for the thermal conditioning device 1 to comprise more than two thermal modules 3a, 3b as required.
• the thermal conditioning device 1 furthermore comprises at least one control means 5.
• the thermal conditioning device 1 comprises a control means 5 common to control the power supply of the two thermal modules 3a, 3b.
• the thermal conditioning device 1 shown further comprises a fluid inlet 7, and a fluid outlet 9.
• the thermal modules 3a, 3b may be identical.
• the two thermal modules 3a, 3b are according to the embodiment illustrated in Figures 2 and 3 arranged side by side substantially parallel.
• the side-by-side arrangement makes it possible to reduce the size of the heating device 1 in the longitudinal direction.
• This arrangement has a low thermal inertia and a low pressure drop.
• the two thermal modules 3a, 3b are arranged to circulate the fluid in the two thermal modules 3a, 3b in parallel in a common direction.
• the fluid is able to flow in the two thermal modules 3a, 3b from bottom to top in the orientation illustrated in Figures 1 to 3.
• thermal modules 3a and 3b are independent in terms of fluid flow. Thus, for example in the event of failure of one of the thermal modules 3a or 3b, this does not affect the performance of the other thermal module. Thus, unlike solutions of the prior art in which the fluid flows first in a thermal module and then in the other thermal module, the failure of the first thermal module does not cause the loss of performance of the second thermal module.
• the thermal modules 3a, 3b respectively comprise a core 11a, 11b and an enclosure 13a, 13b surrounding the associated core 11a or 11b.
• a core 11a, 11b is arranged inside an enclosure 13a, 13b associated.
• the cores 11a, 11b are respectively central cores 1a, 1b.
• the central core 11a, respectively 11b, and the associated enclosure 13a, respectively 13b define a guide circuit 15a, 15b of the fluid, for example to be heated, between the central core l ia or 11b and the associated enclosure 13a or 13b.
• the outer surface of a central core 11a or 11b and the inner surface of the associated enclosure 13a or 13b define a volume of circulation of the fluid, in this example of the fluid to be heated.
• the cores 11a and 11b are for example substantially cylindrical and extend along a longitudinal axis.
• the core 11a, 11b has a substantially constant section or conversely scalable.
• the fluid can flow with a constant speed into the associated guide circuit 15a, 15b.
• the flow velocity is changed along the guide circuit 15a, 15b.
• the cores 11a or 11b of the thermal modules 3a, 3b have, according to the example described respectively, two longitudinally opposite ends: a first end arranged on the side of the fluid inlet and a second opposite end arranged on the side of the fluid outlet.
• the cores 11a, 11b respectively comprise an electric heating means 17.
• the electric heating means 17 is adapted to be controlled by the control means 5 for heating the fluid flowing in the guide circuit 15a or 15b by heat exchange between the core 11a, 11b and the fluid in which the core 11a, 11b is immersed.
• the guide circuit 15a, 15b is thus defined around the electric heating means 17 for heating the core 11a or 11b.
• the heating is done by immersion of the electric heating means 17 in the fluid to be heated circulating in the guiding circuit 15a or 15b.
• the heat produced by the electric heating means 17 is directly transmitted to the fluid to be heated, which minimizes the heat losses and reduces the thermal inertia of the device 1.
• the fluid can be heated quickly.
• the outer surface of the core 11a or 11b may be without a groove, so as to define an axial guide circuit parallel to the longitudinal axis.
• the cores 11a, 11b have for example respectively a support 19 of the electric heating means 17.
• the support 19 therefore has the function of allowing the arrangement of the electric heating means 17 in the thermal conditioning device 1, for example heating as described.
• the support 19 is made of an electrical insulating material but thermal conductor.
• the support 19 may have a body 21 and a base or seat 23 at one end of the body 21, more precisely at the first end of the core 1a, 1 lb.
• the base 23 is in the illustrated example arranged on the side of the fluid inlet 7.
• the body 21 may be substantially cylindrical in shape and the base 23 for example of substantially circular shape.
• the body 21 is for example a solid body, such as a solid cylinder.
• the electric heating means 17 may for example have at least one electrical resistive track made on the support 19, more precisely on the body 21 of the support 19.
• the core 11a has a protective film (not visible in the figures) disposed on the electrical resistive track.
• a protective film (not visible in the figures) disposed on the electrical resistive track.
• This is for example a flexible film wound around the support 19 of to protect the resistive track or tracks.
• This protective film is made of a thermal conductive and electrical insulating material.
• it is the same material as the material of the support 19, for example ceramic.
• the support 19 and the protective film have the additional function of contributing to the heat transfer between the electric heating means 17 and the fluid around the core 11a, 11b.
• the assembly forming the core 11a or 11b, namely the support 19 and the protective film disposed on the resistive tracks, can be secured by passing through the oven.
• the core 1a or 1b1 further comprises two terminals 25 for connecting the electric heating means 17 to electrical potentials, via the control means 5.
• the terminals 25 thus allow to bring the electric current to the electric heating means 17 .
• the terminals 25 can be made in the form of flexible tongues adapted to be clipped for example on the control means 5, or else of connection son able to be welded for example on the control means 5.
• the terminals 25 project with respect to the base 23 of the support 19.
• the terminals 25 are for example overmolded in the material, for example ceramic support 19 and can be connected directly to the control means 5. This simplifies the wiring.
• the support 19 then provides an interconnection function between the electrical means 17 and the control means 5 via the terminals 25.
• the core 11a, 11b provides both a mechanical support function of the electrical means 17 for heating, supporting and protecting the terminals allowing the connection between the electric heating means 17 and the control means 5, electrical insulation of the electric heating means 17 vis-à-vis the guide circuit 15a, 15b of the fluid, and thermal conductivity of the heat of the electric heating means 17 to the fluid.
• the enclosure 13a of the first thermal module 3a can be realized in one piece with the enclosure 13b of the second thermal module 3b.
• the two enclosures 13a, 13b thus form a unitary unit 27 having two housings 29a and 29b respectively for receiving the associated core 1a or 1b.
• the control means 5 is arranged opposite the terminals 25 of the cores 1a and 1b of the thermal modules 3a and 3b.
• control means 5 is arranged next to the bases 23, respectively arranged at a longitudinal end of the support 19 carrying the electric heating means 17.
• the control means 5 is therefore placed opposite the first ends of the cores 1 a, 1 lb.
• control means 5 for example on one side of the thermal conditioning device 1.
• the control means 5 may comprise at least one electrical circuit support such as a printed circuit board 31, PCB in English for "Printed circuit board".
• the terminals 25 of the cores 11a and 11b of the two thermal modules 3a and 3b are, according to the example illustrated in FIG. 3, connected to a common control means 5, and more particularly to the same electrical circuit support 31.
• the control means 5 comprises in particular electronic and / or electrical components carried by the electrical circuit support 31. These electronic and / or electrical components may for example comprise a microcontroller and electrical contacts connected to the resistive tracks of the cores 11a and 11b. .
• the electrical circuit support 31 can still carry at least one connector 33 for supply and signal.
• the thermal conditioning device 1 further comprises at least one fluid inlet 7 for the admission of the fluid schematized by the white arrow in FIG. 3 and at least one fluid outlet 9 for the evacuation of the schematized fluid. by the black arrow in Figure 3.
• the fluid inlet 7 comprises an inlet housing of fluid 35.
• the fluid inlet housing 35 is attached to the enclosures 13a, 13b, more specifically in this example to the unit block 27 receiving the two cores 11a and 11b.
• One or more sealing means 36 may be disposed between the fluid inlet box 35 and the enclosures 13a and 13b (see FIG. 3).
• the respective bases 23 of the cores 11a and 11b of the two thermal modules 3a and 3b are in this example attached to the fluid inlet box 35.
• One or more sealing means 37 may be arranged between the bases 23 of the supports 19 of the cores 1a, 1b and the fluid inlet housing 35.
• a fluid inlet pipe 38 is provided in the fluid inlet casing 35.
• the inlet pipe 38 may be common for supplying fluid to the two thermal modules 3a, 3b.
• the inlet pipe 38 is for example arranged projecting with respect to the fluid inlet casing 35.
• the inlet pipe 38 extends according to the example illustrated radially with respect to the longitudinal axis A of the thermal modules 3 a, 3b.
• the fluid inlet housing 35 has a fluid inlet channel 39 in fluid communication with the inlet manifold 38 and with the guide circuits 15a and 15b of the two thermal modules 3a and 3b. This allows the flow of fluid from the inlet pipe 38 to the guide circuits 15a and 15b as shown schematically by the arrows in FIG. 3.
• the thermal conditioning device 1 further comprises a cover 41 fixed to the fluid inlet housing 35.
• the control means 5 is for example arranged between the fluid inlet housing 35 and the cover 41.
• the cover 41 has, for example, an opening for passing the supply and signal connector 33.
• an outlet pipe 43 in fluid communication with the guide circuits 15a and 15b of the thermal modules 3a, 3b for the evacuation of the fluid.
• the fluid from the fluid inlet box 35 can flow in the fluid inlet channel 39 and in the guide circuits 15a, 15b of the two modules. 3a and 3b, before being discharged through the outlet pipe 43.
• the outlet pipe 43 is arranged substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis A of the thermal module 3a, 3b.
• inlet and outlet pipes 38 and 38 may be arranged on two opposite sides of the device 1.
• inlet and outlet pipes 38 and 38 may be arranged on two opposite sides of the device 1.
• other arrangements may be envisaged, for example with the inlet and outlet pipes 38 and 38 provided on a pipe. same side of the device 1.
• a thermal conditioning device 1 thus produced makes it possible to limit the pressure drop by having a smaller footprint compared with certain solutions of the prior art, while increasing the transfer of calories. Indeed, the heat generated by the electric heating means 17, for example made in the form of resistive tracks is directly transmitted to the fluid in which the core 11a or 11b is immersed.
• the parallel circulation of the fluid in a common direction makes it possible to obtain a homogeneous flow rate in the two thermal modules 3a and 3b, and in particular avoiding the appearance of air bubbles in the guide circuits 15a and 15b of the two thermal modules 3a and 3b.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
• Resistance Heating (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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• 2013
  • 2013-11-07 FR FR1360927A patent/FR3012872B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2014
  • 2014-10-16 KR KR1020167012045A patent/KR101832636B1/ko active IP Right Grant
  • 2014-10-16 WO PCT/EP2014/072272 patent/WO2015067454A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2014-10-16 EP EP14789216.0A patent/EP3066397A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2014-10-16 CN CN201480061254.2A patent/CN105899888A/zh active Pending
  • 2014-10-16 US US15/034,556 patent/US20160288620A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2014-10-16 JP JP2016528167A patent/JP2016536197A/ja active Pending

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