EP3060631A1 - Festbettreaktor zur vergasung von brennstoffen - Google Patents
Festbettreaktor zur vergasung von brennstoffenInfo
- Publication number
- EP3060631A1 EP3060631A1 EP14796703.8A EP14796703A EP3060631A1 EP 3060631 A1 EP3060631 A1 EP 3060631A1 EP 14796703 A EP14796703 A EP 14796703A EP 3060631 A1 EP3060631 A1 EP 3060631A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- reactor
- grate
- housing
- muffle tube
- wall
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 65
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 64
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 34
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 34
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 17
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 7
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011269 tar Substances 0.000 description 4
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004449 solid propellant Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000002918 Fraxinus excelsior Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010882 bottom ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013590 bulk material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001914 calming effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007688 edging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009969 flowable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
- C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
- C10J3/22—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues
- C10J3/24—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues to permit flow of gases or vapours other than upwardly through the fuel bed
- C10J3/26—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues to permit flow of gases or vapours other than upwardly through the fuel bed downwardly
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
- C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
- C10J3/32—Devices for distributing fuel evenly over the bed or for stirring up the fuel bed
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
- C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
- C10J3/34—Grates; Mechanical ash-removing devices
- C10J3/40—Movable grates
- C10J3/42—Rotary grates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/58—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels combined with pre-distillation of the fuel
- C10J3/60—Processes
- C10J3/64—Processes with decomposition of the distillation products
- C10J3/66—Processes with decomposition of the distillation products by introducing them into the gasification zone
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
- C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
- C10J2200/158—Screws
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/0916—Biomass
- C10J2300/092—Wood, cellulose
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
- C10J2300/0956—Air or oxygen enriched air
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
- C10J2300/0959—Oxygen
Definitions
- the invention relates to a fixed bed reactor for the gasification of fuels, in particular of biomass, according to the preamble of claim 1.
- the biomass is heated, whereby the water therein is evaporated to a temperature level of about 200 degrees Celsius.
- a thermally induced pyrolytic decomposition of the macromolecules that make up biomass takes place at temperatures between 150 degrees Celsius and 500 degrees Celsius, a thermally induced pyrolytic decomposition of the macromolecules that make up biomass. This produces gaseous hydrocarbon compounds, and pyrolysis coke.
- CONFIRMATION COPY During the subsequent oxidation, parts of the resulting gaseous and solid pyrolysis products are brought to react with oxygen by further action of heat, which is introduced via the supplied air in an oxidation zone by means of an air supply device. This causes the temperature to be raised to, for example, above 1000 ° C, which cleaves much of the higher hydrocarbon compounds (tars) into smaller gaseous molecules. Partially, this can also lead to the combustion of carbon. It also produces carbon dioxide In a subsequent reduction zone to the oxidation zone then components of the product gas such as carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and methane are formed. In particular, in this case, the combustion products formed during the oxidation of carbon dioxide and water with solid carbon to carbon monoxide and hydrogen are reduced.
- Such a process is carried out, for example, in a fixed bed reactor according to EP 0 156 363 A2, in which a Schugasabzugskanal is arranged as provided with a Schugasabzugsö réelle Gasausbrennringkanal around the lower region of a hopper, below the Gasausbrennringkanals the hopper is extended in a double cone and in this area a Floor grid has.
- a plurality of gas overflow openings which open out into the gas combustion ring channel are arranged, via which the gas can flow from the interior of the reactor into the gas combustion ring channel.
- the double-cone-shaped extension is formed as well as the hopper from a one- or multi-part lining, the term wall lining here and below is expressly understood in a broad and comprehensive sense and include or denote all suitable refractory materials and materials.
- the lining is, if necessary, with the interposition of an insulating material, provided on the outside with a Umsch widelyungsgephaseuse that may be formed by a water-carrying double wall assembly, which is provided with flow and return connections for cooling water.
- the grate can be both received and arranged stationary in the reactor interior or else be designed as a rotatable grate plate, which has on its underside Räuminatel and on its upper side an ash cone.
- the enclosure is closed with a tight-fitting ceiling, which also at the same time carrier of an upper part of the hopper, in which the solid fuel can be introduced by hand or with automatic feed elements through a chute.
- a tight-fitting ceiling which also at the same time carrier of an upper part of the hopper, in which the solid fuel can be introduced by hand or with automatic feed elements through a chute.
- a fixed bed reactor for the gasification of fuels, in particular of biomass which has a reactor interior. Furthermore, the fixed bed reactor has at least one fuel metering device for metering fuel to be gasified into the interior of the reactor. In addition, a grate arranged in the interior of the reactor, preferably on the bottom side, is provided on which the fuel metered into the interior of the reactor and to be gasified rests as a fixed bed.
- the fixed bed reactor comprises at least one gas outlet for discharging the gas generated in the interior of the reactor from the interior of the reactor, wherein a muffle tube, based on the Reactor high-axis direction, which is guided from above into the reactor interior that this opens with a lower Muffelrohrend Scheme above the grate into the reactor interior.
- a muffle tube based on the Reactor high-axis direction, which is guided from above into the reactor interior that this opens with a lower Muffelrohrend Scheme above the grate into the reactor interior.
- Such a structure is particularly advantageous even if, as is the case according to a particularly preferred optional embodiment, the reactor inner wall and thus the reactor interior, seen in the vertical axis direction down to the grate or to a grate opening in a lower reactor inner wall area constricted, wherein between the latter and the grate, a side ash discharge opening with respect to the reactor interior is formed.
- the grate which is preferably designed as a rotatably mounted grate plate, less prone to blockages by coal and slag pieces, which accumulate at the edge of the grate.
- a smaller rust at a same torque distribute a greater force on the circumference, which also has an advantageous effect on the ash discharge.
- the upper inner wall region of the reactor is essentially of the same diameter, that is to say without a diameter jump or without steps and / or edges. In addition to a simplification of production, this also has an advantageous effect on the gas outlet from the gas collection chamber, since there is a flow calming there and thus the gas can be freely withdrawn from the gas collection chamber.
- the upper reactor inner wall area can then, as seen in Hochachsencardi, lower and to the grate or the grate opening narrowing, in particular step-like and / or conical narrowing, reactor inner wall area are connected, then between the and the grate with respect to the Reactor interior lateral ash discharge opening is formed.
- the upper reactor inner wall region extends approximately to the height of the mouth opening of the free, lower Muffelrohrend Schemees and then begins down to the grate or the grate opening narrowing, lower reactor inner wall area, which, in particular in conjunction with a cone-shaped constriction, gives a smooth, smooth transition which has an advantageous effect on the efficiency of the reaction.
- a muffle tube outside wall of the free, lower muffle tube end region projecting into the reactor interior is likewise formed over its entire extent in the direction of the vertical axis, of the same diameter, that is to say without a diameter jump. Because this also contributes significantly to calm the flow of gas in the gas collection chamber.
- the lower Muffelrohrend Scheme preferably has a there at least partially, preferably completely, circumferential Muffelrohrkamm or forms such, wherein the Muffelrohrkamm has a plurality of spaced apart and / or downwardly projecting comb teeth. This is achieved on the one hand, that the fixed bed in this area is still held together and thus stabilized, while at the same time but already escape gas through the tine gaps and can flow into the reactor inside gas collection chamber.
- the inner wall of the reactor itself is preferably formed by a mono- or multi-part reactor lining, wherein the term "lining", as already explained above, is representative of any suitable refractory material or of any suitable refractory material is ensured in a simple manner that the reactor inner wall can withstand the high temperatures prevailing there with a correspondingly long service life.
- the reactor lining preferably has on the upper side, an insertion opening for the received in the reactor interior free, lower Muffelrohrend Scheme reactor ceiling wall portion on which the muffle tube either directly or in a manner to be described indirectly indirectly with the interposition of a muffle tube enclosing ceiling wall insulation supported or fixed.
- hotspot formation in this upper reactor region which can simultaneously also serve to fix the muffle tube, is advantageously avoided, in particular with regard to the gas collecting chamber arranged on the ceiling wall side, in which very high gas temperatures prevail.
- Hotspot is generally understood to mean an area where very high temperatures can occur. This can thus be the range of a local temperature maximum, but this is not mandatory.
- the reactor lining is according to a further particularly preferred embodiment, at least partially surrounded by a reactor housing, which is preferably formed from a steel material or from a steel material, coated.
- a reactor housing is a high-quality and highly durable outer skin for the reactor, in addition to a simple way can be used and prepared simultaneously for the determination of different components.
- the reactor housing encases an outer side wall of the reactor lining. Furthermore, the reactor lining is also encased in a bottom reactor end region up to a grate opening formed there from the reactor housing and there has a connection region for a grate-supporting and / or supporting grate housing.
- the reactor housing has, according to a further particularly preferred specific embodiment, at an upper reactor housing end region seen in the vertical axis direction, at least one reactor housing flange, which is connected to a correspondingly assigned, preferably also peripherally encircling, muffle tube flange, preferably in the same way in that the reactor housing peripherally surrounds a ceiling wall insulation in such a way that the connection plane of the at least one reactor housing flange is aligned approximately flush with an upper side of the ceiling wall insulation and is connected to the correspondingly assigned, at least one muffle tube flange guided away from the muffle tube radially outwards , With such a construction, the hotspot formation and thus overheating of this flange connection region are advantageously avoided, so that no special and expensive seals or screws have to be used for the production of the flange connection.
- Another significant advantage of such a configuration is that in the case of a screw flange connection, the screws for assembly and maintenance purposes are freely accessible.
- the reactor lining is formed by an inner reactor lining layer which forms the inner wall of the reactor and an insulating layer which surrounds the latter as sidewall insulation and outer reactor lining layer. It is advantageously provided here that the insulating layer extends between the outer side wall of the inner reactor lining layer and a side wall region of the reactor housing in the vertical axis direction up to a ceiling wall insulation adjacent thereto.
- the inner reactor Ausmau für stik tapers on the outer side of the reactor downwardly, in particular stepped and / or conically tapered so that the insulating layer extends at the lower reactor area into the connection area for a rust-carrying and / or halterndes grate housing , This also ensures in a simple manner that even the lower or bottom-side reactor area can be reliably thermally insulated or shielded in a simple and material-saving manner.
- a muffle tube inner wall of the muffle tube is formed by a one-part or multi-part muffle lining, which is located in a muffle tube region outside the reactor, in particular in a vertical axis direction above a reactor top wall of the reactor , At least one, part of the air supply forming air inlet opening, which opens for an air supply to the muffle tube in the muffle tube.
- the term "lining" in turn is representative of any suitable materials or materials, with which the desired refractoriness can be achieved.Such located outside the reactor air supply can be accomplished in a simple manufacturing technology and also allows, as the following explanations will still show an increased structural flexibility.
- the muffle tube lining may be surrounded at least partially by a muffle tube housing and the muffle tube lining may have a plurality of circumferentially spaced and at least partially around the muffle tube circumference arranged air inlet openings formed on the outside wall in a muffelrohrgepur and Air-feed muffle tube housing air duct open, such that air flowing into the air duct via the air inlet openings circumferentially flows into the muffle tube.
- the muffle tube is connected by means of at least one muffle tube flange to the reactor, in particular to a correspondingly assigned flange of a reactor housing of the reactor.
- this at least one muffle tube flange with the muffle tube housing air duct heat transfer coupled or thermally conductive it can be cooled by the air flowing into the air duct or the like gas in a simple manner, the muffle tube flange or a connected with this Muffelrohrgeophuse Scheme.
- the air flowing into the air duct or the like gas can be preheated by heat from the heated muffle tube housing, which also has an advantageous effect on the reaction in the oxidation zone of the muffle tube.
- the air supply device can thus be cooled in an advantageous dual function at the same time also for cooling certain reactor parts, in particular in the connection area of muffle tube housing and reactor housing.
- the muffle tube housing extends over the outer side wall, preferably approximately over the entire outer side wall, of the muffle tube lining, which is a lower portion of the muffle tube housing viewed in the vertical axis direction together with the free, lower one Muffelrohrend Scheme protrudes into the reactor interior, while seen in the vertical axis upper portion of the Muffelrohrgephaseuses the reactor to the outside, in particular upwards, surmounted.
- the muffle tube flange which can be fixed on the reactor side can thus be arranged in the direction of the vertical axis in an upper to middle muffle tube region.
- the muffle tube can be designed such that the fuels to be gasified can be supplied to it directly or indirectly, for example via a metering device.
- a metering device may be a simple, for example by means of a flap closable Zudosierö Anlagen.
- the metering device is constructed so that it comprises a metering screw, which is associated with a metering, then controlled by means of the metering screw controlled or regulated at certain times a defined amount of fuel to be gasified can be metered.
- the muffle tube has an upper muffle tube opening at its portion projecting beyond the reactor in the vertical axis direction, to which a fuel injection device coupled and / or equipped with a Kern Kunststoffdüse, for example cylindrical or conical down opening, head part, the upper muffle tube opening lid-like closing, is placed.
- the head part may have a headspace cavity merging into the muffle tube cavity and / or a cavity connected to the muffle tube cavity into which a metering opening of the metering device opens, preferably opens laterally, and / or into which the core air nozzle protrudes from a top side of the head part.
- the head part may preferably be made of a different material than the muffle tube, in particular the muffle tube lining.
- the headboard can be made conveniently from a sheet metal material.
- the core air nozzle projects from above into the head part approximately vertically downwards. This has the advantage that the material flow in the reactor is significantly less disturbed than is the case, for example, with a lateral introduction of the core air nozzle.
- the muffle tube housing has at its upper end region a second upper Muffelrohr- flange to which the head part is fixed with a headboard flange. Furthermore, it can be provided that the head part cavity widens downwards conically towards the muffle tube cavity, in particular in such a way that the head part cavity has the same diameter, ie without a diameter jump or without step and / or without an edge and thus essentially smooth, merges into the muffle tube cavity, whereby the material flow in the upper region of the reactor can be significantly improved.
- a partial region of the muffle tube projecting outwards from the reactor preferably together with a head part connected thereto, be surrounded at least in regions, preferably completely, by thermal insulation.
- This thermal insulation is arranged in particular such that the thermal insulation extends upwards starting from a muffle tube flange connected to a reactor housing flange.
- a plurality of gas outlet are provided on the reactor periphery side spaced apart, in particular two diametrically opposite, which open into the gas collecting space. This can be done, for example, in such a way that the at least one gas outlet opening into the annular gas collecting space is formed by a gas discharge channel which passes through the reactor lining and the reactor housing and leads to the outside of the reactor.
- a gas exhaust pipe is inserted into the gas exhaust duct, which is inserted with the interposition of a gas exhaust pipe surrounding pipe insulation in a quaintwandisol ists- and reactor housing side trained channel area.
- This makes it possible to achieve a particularly specific thermal insulation of the particularly temperature-critical hot gas duct, in which, for example, a different insulating material can be used than that used for the insulating layer, thereby making possible an individual requirements sufficient special design of the insulating layer in this area is.
- a pipe connection can be connected to the housing so that this is not too warm.
- a lower reactor inner wall region or the lower reactor inner wall region which narrows towards the grate has or forms a grate opening, which can then be easily associated with the grate in the desired manner.
- This grate is preferably stored and / or supported in and / or on a grate housing which is connected to the reactor.
- a rust housing can then, for example, the rust in a simple manner be accessible from the lower reactor area ago, which is particularly advantageous for maintenance or repair work.
- the grate can basically be designed as a stationary grate. Particularly preferred and advantageous for an optimized ash discharge is, however, provided that the grate is formed by a grate plate which is rotatably mounted in or on the grate housing of the grate device connected to the reactor and by means of a grate drive, preferably by means of a likewise forming part of the grate device rust drive, is rotary drivable.
- At least one and at least partially and / or at least partially disposed around the grate opening strip member is disposed on a grate opening edge region of the grate opening edge region in the vertical axis direction protrudes downward and to form the lateral ash discharge opening defined in a vertical axis direction gap distance to the grate, in particular to an edge region of the grate having.
- the at least one strip element may be provided at least partially with a grinding and / or cutting structure, in particular with a toothed surface, at its free lower end region facing the grate and / or the grating edge region, preferably approximately in the region of the downwardly protruding at least one strip element. and / or serrated grinding and / or cutting structure provided be, so that there is a particularly effective rust-side grinder is formed, which has an advantageous effect on the crushing of coal and slag pieces and thus makes the ash discharge much more effective.
- the at least one strip element can in principle be attached directly and thus directly to the grate opening edge region.
- a reactor lining which is encased by a reactor housing
- the at least one strip element is part of the reactor housing, in particular of a reactor lining enclosing a reactor lining, which in the assembled state of Reactor housing rests on the associated grate opening edge region and / or formed on one of the grate opening associated edge region of a reactor housing opening of the reactor housing and / or is connected.
- the grate plate edge region may optionally have there completely or preferably only partially circumferential and in Hochachseiques upwardly projecting, preferably also strip-shaped, web element (that is, in a sectional arrangement a plurality of spaced apart web elements), seen in grate plate radial direction in a defined Gap distance is guided behind the downwardly projecting strip element in the vertical axis direction upwards, in particular in such a way is guided upward that the web element engages behind the strip element with a defined gap distance.
- the upper free end has a defined predetermined gap distance to a lower reactor wall region, so that the ash discharge shaft is curved in this area or runs like a labyrinth.
- the one or more web elements may in principle be formed integrally with the grate plate, for example, be formed by a marginal edging.
- the at least one web element can also be formed by a separate component, which is then placed from above onto the grate plate and fastened there.
- a grinding and / or cutting structure can then also be formed, for example, at the free ends of the web elements. If necessary, can then dispensed on the grinding and / or cutting structure on the grate plate edge region.
- the grate housing is fixed to a reactor wall section protruding downwards in the vertical axis direction from the reactor, in particular from a reactor housing of the reactor, for example by means of a plurality of quick-connect connections.
- This reactor wall section projecting downwards on the reactor side then surrounds the reactor-side grate opening and / or a strip element optionally arranged there with a defined gap spacing in order to form a lateral ash discharge chute adjoining a lateral ash discharge opening, which is preferably oriented substantially vertically.
- the reactor wall section projecting downwards on the reactor side for forming the lateral ash discharge shaft is also guided downward in the vertical axis direction so that it projects beyond the edge region of the grate in the vertical axis direction and / or that it transversely to the Seen high axis direction, having a defined gap distance to the edge region of the grate.
- a particularly preferred Austragsschachtgeometrie is provided.
- At least one air inlet opening fluidly connected to at least one air supply device can open in the reactor wall section in a simple manner, via which air can be supplied for an advantageous ash burnup or ash burnout in the region of the ash discharge opening and / or the region of the ash discharge shaft.
- a concrete embodiment is particularly preferred in which the grate housing is formed like a trough with a grate housing side wall section which is fixed to the reactor wall section. This is preferably carried out in such a way that at the grate housing side wall section at least partially and / or at least partially peripherally peripheral Grate housing flange is fixed to a, formed on the reactor-side wall portion wall portion flange portion.
- the reactor-side reactor wall section may be stiffened with a plurality of circumferentially spaced-apart ribs which are supported on the one hand on the reactor wall section and on the other hand on the reactor, in particular on a reactor housing of the reactor.
- a plurality of circumferentially spaced bearings is arranged on the grate housing, preferably in the region of the peripheral grate housing side wall section or on the edge grate housing side wall section itself, which formed the rotatably mounted grate plate To support rust during its rotation in a peripheral area of the grate.
- At least one carrier blade guided radially outward to the housing side wall section is arranged on the underside of the grate designed as a rotatable grate plate.
- a plurality of spaced apart in the circumferential direction and arranged radially outward to the grate housing side wall portion guided Mitauerschaufeln is arranged.
- the at least one driver blade may have at the radially outer, free end side end of a bearing recess which is penetrated by the bearings during rotation of the grate actuator. This is the one hand, the unhindered operation of the grate plate and support by the edge bearing allows. In addition, it can be ensured with such a configuration that the carrier blades can still be guided relatively far outwards as far as the edge region of the grate.
- the Mitauerschaufeln can basically be designed in different ways. Particularly preferred is the at least one driving scoop plate-shaped and / or protrudes downwards in the vertical axis direction from the bottom of the grate plate.
- the at least one driving scoop can also be curved and / or have at least one recess, which helps to reduce the stiffness or a possible risk of blockage.
- the formed as a rotatable grate plate grate may also according to another particularly preferred embodiment, a plurality of circumferentially spaced apart and from a central region of radially outward, preferably up to the edge region of the grate guided expansion slots, which of the top and / or Underside of the grate plate forth at least partially covered by a voltage applied there in a system connection plate-shaped cover, the cover either unobstructed with the grate plate from above and / or below abuts the expansion slot or only on one side of the expansion slot, based on the longitudinal extension direction determined is.
- These expansion slots help with the rust prevailing high temperatures advantageous to avoid distortion of the grate plate.
- the expansion slots may also have at defined locations circular extensions that help to avoid cracking advantageous.
- the one expansion slot associated cover member is according to a particularly preferred embodiment part of a Mitauerschaufel, in particular formed by a Mitauerschaufel solutione fold. In an advantageous dual function, it is thus ensured that the carrier blade simultaneously also assumes the function of the covering element. The only one-sided connection of the cover then ensures that the expansion slot function is not canceled.
- a cylindrical sleeve is arranged on the underside of the grate, preferably centrally and / or centrally and / or about a drive shaft of a grate drive of a grate designed as a rotatable grate plate, which has a plurality on its casing Having circumferentially spaced air outlet openings.
- a preferably rostgepurung moise air supply device opens into the region of the sleeve, such that the air supplied via this air supply through the cuff side air outlet openings circumferentially distributed and then further along the bottom of the grate to the edge region of the grate and thus to the ash ash combustion zone forming lateral Ash discharge port flows.
- a targeted supply of air to the side ash discharge opening or to the lateral ash discharge shaft so that there can be an optimized circumferentially distributed, uniform ash burn, which has an advantageous effect on the overall efficiency of the reactor.
- the grate housing may further comprise a bottom ash outlet opening, followed by a discharge shaft, in which, for example, a discharge screw is received, by means of which the ash can be discharged. Furthermore, the grate housing may be stiffened on its outside with reinforcing profiles.
- a raised grate cone is arranged on the grate, preferably centrally and / or centrally, which with its conical base has a defined small distance to the edge region of the grate and / or to the side ash discharge opening. This distance is preferably at most 20 cm, most preferably at most 10 cm.
- the grate cone can basically be round and conical in the usual way.
- the "rust cone” but as rust pyramid with a plurality of pyramid corners adjoining each other via pyramid corners, in particular at least four pyramid side surfaces.
- the pyramid side surfaces running obliquely upwards and inwards with respect to the vertical axis direction toward the pyramid tip can also have a pyramid side surface region bent substantially vertically downwards on their underside facing the grate and thus on the ash discharge opening side. This also helps to substantially equalize and stabilize the material flow in the area of the ash discharge opening. Furthermore, bends may again be provided on the underside of the downwardly bending pyramid side surface regions, which are designed in such a way that they can be received between centering plates arranged on the rust side for easy centering of the grate cone.
- a raised grate cone is arranged, wherein the cone tip of the grate cone is provided with a tower-like agitator, based on the Hochachsencardi, upwards from the apex protrudes, in particular protrudes into an interior of a muffle tube.
- the tower-like agitator is formed by a separate component which is mounted on a, a flattened cone tip of the grate cone forming mounting plate and secured there.
- the tower-like agitator is preferably formed by a tower body, which carries at its end facing away from the apex free end a spherical and / or the tower body laterally superior stirring ball, with a good internal mixing of the bulk material is achieved.
- the stirring ball preferably has a structured surface, for example such that the surface has a plurality of edges as structural elements.
- the stirring ball itself is preferably made of a castable material, in particular of concrete, so that an upper attachment region of the tower body is anchored in the stirring ball by pouring.
- it is preferably provided for a very good anchoring that the upper attachment region of the tower body is formed by a plurality of spaced-apart Eing manlaschen.
- the tower-like agitator has a multi-part tower body composed of a plurality of tower segments connected to one another.
- one of the stirring ball facing upper head tower segment carry the stirring ball.
- the tower body of the tower-like agitator carries on its outer side preferably at least one stirring blade, which may in principle have any shape, for example, but is formed by a hot or high heat-resistant flat steel.
- the Turmsegemente or at least a portion thereof may each have at least one receiving opening, in particular in the form of a receiving slot, through which an impeller in the tower body can be inserted, and in particular form and contour adapted plugged, in particular to allow a gas-tight connection.
- the at least one stirring blade of an upper tower segment seen in the vertical axis direction is in plugged state supported and / or supported on a holding element of a tower axis in the lower axis direction underlying tower segment. This results in a particularly stable connection possibility of the agitator blade, which is also easy to install, especially in terms of assembly technology.
- the at least one stirring blade engages under or is fastened to a holding element of the tower segment which is situated below the vertical axis direction in the form of a U-profile.
- the tower segments are preferably each formed by a cylindrical pipe section, in particular a cylindrical and polygonal cross-section pipe section.
- at least a part of the tower segments, in particular the tower segments not carrying the stirring ball can then be closed in a gas-tight manner by means of an intermediate plate aligned substantially transversely to the vertical axis direction. This ensures in a simple manner that no gases can escape through the tower-like agitator.
- the intermediate plate itself is arranged in a vertical axis seen in the upper end region of a tower segment, so that then the intermediate plate in a dual function at the same time also the holding element, preferably the support member formed by a U-profile, wear.
- the tower-like agitator preferably a tower tip forming free end of the tower-like agitator and / or in particular a arranged at the free end of the tower-like agitator agitating ball is coupled in terms of aerodynamic design with a run in the reactor interior Kern Kunststoffdüse in that the air supplied via the core-air nozzle can be injected into the interior of the reactor via at least one agitator-side, in particular agitator-side, flow channel.
- the air supplied via the core air nozzle is preferably blown into the interior of a muffle tube at approximately the level of the at least one muffle tube-side air inlet opening and / or an oxidation zone.
- a particularly effective combustion of the material is achieved and can be ensured in a particularly simple manner homogeneous combustion of the material.
- a free end of the fixedly arranged core air nozzle in such a way opens into a mixing-side, in particular Rlickkugel solutionen, Kern Kunststoffdüsen- mouth region that the agitator is still rotatable relative to the Kernluftdüse.
- the core air nozzle with its free core air nozzle end region is received in a shape-matched and contour-adapted manner with a defined predetermined gap distance in the core air nozzle opening region designed as a core air nozzle outlet channel.
- This may indeed lead to an air outlet in the mouth region of the core air nozzle on the agitator, especially in the top of a stirring ball, but this does not adversely affect, but on the contrary, even positively affects because the there exiting small amount of air for combustion of the Material in agitator near or Rlickkugelahen area ensures and thus the material is held there flowable.
- the agitator in particular the stirring ball, has an air space into which the core air nozzle and / or a core air nozzle orifice area opens and branches off from the at least one flow channel.
- This air space thus serves as a kind of collector and promotes the uniform distribution of air in the area of the oxidation zone.
- a plurality of circumferentially spaced apart flow channels are formed on the tower-like agitator, in particular optionally also on the stirring ball, wherein the tower-like agitator in the region of these flow channels a defined predetermined distance, in particular a distance of 200mm to 350mm, for example of about 300mm, of the having surrounding muffle tube together with the opening there air inlet openings.
- a defined predetermined distance in particular a distance of 200mm to 350mm, for example of about 300mm, of the having surrounding muffle tube together with the opening there air inlet openings.
- the air supply into the air space but also from the grate side or by the agitator, for example, through the tower segments, through to the air space done, for example, such that a Air supply duct branches off the grate or from the local air supply and opens into the air space.
- Fig. 1a schematically shows an external perspective view of an exemplary
- FIG. 1 b shows a schematic side view of the fixed bed reactor according to FIG. 1 a
- FIG. 1 c schematically a sectional view along the line A-A of FIG. 1 b
- FIG. 2 a schematically a perspective view of the head part
- FIG. 2b is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of components on the head part of the reactor
- FIG. 3a is a schematic perspective view of the muffle tube housing
- FIG. 3b is a plan view of the muffle tube housing of FIG. 3a
- FIG. 3c shows a schematic sectional view along the line B-B of FIG. 3b, FIG.
- FIG. 3d schematically shows a side view of the muffle tube housing according to FIG. 3a, FIG.
- FIG. 4a shows a schematic sectional view through the reactor housing with a
- 4b is a schematic and perspective bottom view of
- FIG. 4c shows schematically a top view of the reactor housing according to FIG. 4b, FIG. schematically a sectional view along the line CC of Fig. 4c, schematically a sectional view through the reactor lining without surrounding reactor housing together with ceiling wall insulation and lateral Dämm für, schematically an upper ring portion of the reactor lining, schematically a lower ring portion of the reactor lining, schematically and in perspective a lateral insulating layer of the reactor lining, a schematic and perspective top view of a trough-shaped grate housing,
- FIG. 6 a schematically a sectional view along the line DD of FIG. 6 c, a schematic and perspective top view of one in the grate housing according to FIG. 6 a 7a, a schematic sectional view along the line EE of FIG. 7b, a side view of the grate plate according to FIG. 7a, an enlarged detail view of the detail C according to FIG 7d, an enlarged detail view of the detail D of Fig. 7f, 7g shows a schematic and perspective view of the arranged on the turntable underside cuff,
- Fig. 7h is a schematic and perspective plan view of a fold as
- Fig. 7i is a schematic plan view of the grate plate without attached
- FIG. 8 a shows a schematic and perspective view of the grate cone designed as a grate pyramid
- FIG. 8b shows a plan view of the grate cone according to FIG. 8b
- FIG. 9 shows a detailed representation of the interior of the reactor in the area of the ash discharge opening, shown as a sectional view, FIG.
- Fig. 9a an optional embodiment of the grate plate edge region with vertical
- 10a is a schematic side view of a patch on the grate tip cone-like agitator
- 10b is a schematic longitudinal section through the tower-like agitator
- 10c is a perspective detail view of a head-tower segment together with circumferentially spaced Eing manlaschen,
- 10d is a perspective detail view of a preferred embodiment of the stirring ball
- 10e is a perspective detail view of an intermediate or base tower segment
- Fig. 10f is a perspective view of the grate cone together with mounting plate
- 10g is a schematic representation of a flow-coupled with a core air nozzle tower-like agitator in the region of an oxidation zone
- Fig. 10h an embodiment of FIG. 10g alternative embodiment with an exemplary embodiment of a core air nozzle side salaried Rhakkugel
- FIG. 1a schematically and by way of example shows a perspective top view of an exemplary embodiment of a fixed bed reactor 1 according to the invention for the gasification of fuels, for example biomass.
- 1 b shows a side view of the fixed bed reactor 1 according to FIG. 1 a and
- FIG. 1 c shows a schematic sectional view along the line A - A of FIG. 1 b.
- the fixed bed reactor has a reactor interior 2, in which a grate plate 3, together with a grate cone 4, here at the bottom, is arranged, which is described in more detail below and designed as a rotary grate.
- the grate plate 3 together with grate cone 4 is rotatably mounted in or on a connected to the reactor 1 in the manner described in more detail below grate housing 5 and rotatably driven by means of a grate drive.
- a reactor inner wall 6 of the reactor interior 2 is here, which can be taken in particular also the synopsis of Fig. 1c, 4a and 5a, formed by a multi-part reactor lining 7 made of a refractory material, for example a dense fire concrete.
- This reactor lining 7 here by way of example comprises an upper ring part 8 (FIG. 5b) which has a component of a side wall forming an upper side wall section 9 and a top wall region 10, in which an insertion opening 11 for a following even closer described muffle tube 12 is formed.
- this upper ring part 8 as can be seen in particular from FIG. 5 a, has two diametrically opposite gas outlet openings 13.
- the reactor lining 7 furthermore has a lower ring part 14 (FIG. 5c) which has a lower side wall section 15, which tapers stepwise downwards in this case, and also forms a grate opening 16 on its underside.
- an upper reactor inner wall region is substantially equal in diameter over its entire extension in the direction of the vertical axis, while one adjoins the upper reactor inner wall region 17 in the vertical axis direction downwards (and here only exemplified by the lower ring member 14) lower reactor inner wall region 18 narrows towards the grate opening 16 and thus to the grate plate 3 (conical in this example), wherein the largest bottleneck and thus the largest constriction in the region of the grate opening 16 is located.
- this narrowed lower inner wall region 18 of the reactor then has a defined small distance d to the grate cone 4, for example of the order of magnitude of 10 to 15 cm, which is advantageous for the Material flow in the reactor interior 2 affects.
- the grate plate 3 is arranged here in the direction of the vertical axis below the narrowed lower reactor inner wall region 18 in the region of the grate opening 16, which between the narrowed lower reactor inner wall region 18 and the grate plate 3 a with respect to the reactor interior 2 side ash discharge opening 19 is formed.
- the reactor lining 7 on the outer wall side along the upper and lower side wall sections 9, 15 has an insulating layer 20 enveloping it as an outer reactor lining layer, which consists, for example, of a lightweight refractory brick is made.
- This insulating layer 20 extends as sidewall insulation in the direction of the vertical axis up to a there adjacent ceiling wall insulation 21 and borders here exemplarily from below to this.
- the insulating layer 20 is widened stepwise on the inside in order to engage the outer wall-side step-like narrowing of the lower ring part 14 of the reactor lining 7 in the fully assembled state (FIGS. 4 a, 5 a) in a shape and contour fit. This ensures that the insulating layer 20 at the lower reactor area extends into the connection area of the grate housing 5 (FIG. 1c).
- the insulating layer 20 here thus forms an outer reactor lining layer of the reactor lining 7, while the upper ring part 8 and the lower ring part 14 form an inner reactor lining layer. It should be expressly mentioned at this point that the upper and lower ring part 8, 14 can also be formed in one piece and / or of the same material.
- the here by way of example formed by the insulating layer 20 outer side wall of the reactor lining, which here only by way of example, but preferably, has a cylindrical shape is here in a system connection, that is without or without substantial gap distance, surrounded by a reactor housing 22 (Fig 1 c and 4a), the structure of which is more particularly apparent in connection with FIGS. 4b to 4d.
- the reactor housing 22 has a lateral jacket section 23 which, at its upper end region viewed in the vertical axis direction, has a reactor housing flange 24 which peripherally revolves, this lateral jacket section 23 of the reactor housing 22 being guided upwards to such an extent (FIGS. 1 c, 4 a). in that it surrounds the ceiling wall insulation 21 at the edge in such a way that the connection plane of the reactor housing flange 24 is aligned approximately flush with the surface of an upper side of the ceiling wall insulation 21.
- This ceiling wall insulation 21 may be formed for example by a ceramic fiber material.
- the lateral jacket section 23 of the reactor housing 22 has recesses 25 substantially directly below the connection plane of the reactor housing connecting flange 24, which comprise the gas outlet openings 13 of the upper annular part 8, which are exemplarily and preferably diametrically opposed, and also the gas outlet openings 13 associated recesses 26 of the insulating layer 20 are assigned.
- the connection plane of the reactor housing connecting flange 24 comprise the gas outlet openings 13 of the upper annular part 8, which are exemplarily and preferably diametrically opposed, and also the gas outlet openings 13 associated recesses 26 of the insulating layer 20 are assigned.
- these recesses 25 of the lateral jacket section 23 of the reactor housing 22 and the recesses 26 of the insulating layer 20 may each have, for example, a larger diameter than the gas outlet openings 13 of the upper annular section 8
- the gas outlet openings 13 together with the respectively associated recesses 25, 26 form here a gas outlet or gas discharge channel opening into a gas collection chamber 27 of the reactor interior 2, into which a gas withdrawal pipe 28 (FIG. 1c, 4d) can be inserted.
- the tube can be sheathed into the insulating layer 20 of the reactor lining 7 with a prepared, for example, a ceramic fiber pipe insulation 29, which then by the reactor housing side recesses 25 and through the insulating layer side recesses 26 extends therethrough to an inner reactor lining layer forming upper ring member 8, whereby a specific and precisely tuned, optimized isolation of the gas exhaust pipe 28 can be ensured.
- a specific and precisely tuned, optimized isolation of the gas exhaust pipe 28 can be ensured.
- the reactor housing 22 further comprises a lower, bottom-side housing portion 30, the reactor wall lining 7 at the lower end portion of the reactor up to the grate opening formed there 16 shrouded and there Having a connection area for the grate housing 5 described in more detail below.
- an annular strip element 31 is held, namely at an opening edge region of the bottom-side reactor housing opening 32 (FIG. 4d) assigned to the grate opening 16.
- this strip element 31 rests in the mounted state of the reactor housing 22 on the associated grate opening edge region 33 of the narrowed, lower reactor inner wall region 18, preferably in an abutment connection, wherein the strip element 31 Grate opening edge area 33 in As seen in the vertical axis direction z, it projects downwards and, in order to form the lateral ash discharge opening 19, has a defined gap distance from the grate plate 3 in the direction of the vertical axis.
- the strip element which is preferably formed from a steel material, in particular a hot or high-temperature steel material, has a tooth-shaped grinding and / or cutting structure 34 on its free bottom end region facing the grate plate 3, which together with the rotatably mounted grate plate 3, in particular with one here
- a grinder is formed.
- the reactor housing 22 has a reactor wall section 37 projecting downwardly from the lower housing section 30 of the reactor housing 22 and containing the reactor-side grate opening 16 as well the strip element 31 arranged there surrounds a ring with a defined gap spacing, forming a side ash discharge chute following the lateral (and here essentially vertically aligned) ash discharge opening 19.
- the grate plate edge region 36 can optionally, as shown in Fig. 9a is shown only very schematically, there only partially in the direction of vertical axis and upwards projecting, preferably also strip-shaped, web element 32a (that is, in a sectional arrangement a plurality of spaced-apart web elements ), which is seen in Rostteller- radial direction in a defined gap distance behind the downwardly projecting strip member 31 is guided in the vertical direction upwards, in particular in such a way is guided upward that the web member 32a engages behind the strip member 31 with a defined gap distance.
- the upper free end has a defined predetermined gap distance to a lower reactor wall area, so that the ash discharge shaft 38 is curved in this area or runs like a labyrinth.
- the web elements 32a are here exemplified as separate components which are placed from above on the grate plate 3 and connected thereto.
- This reactor wall section 37 is to guide the side ash discharge shaft also so far down in the vertical axis direction shown that he overlooks the edge portion 36 of the grate plate 3 viewed in the vertical axis direction down and that, as already stated, seen transversely to the vertical axis direction, a defined Gap distance to the edge region 36 of the grate plate 3 has.
- the reactor wall section 37 further has a Wandabismeflansch 39, to which the grate housing 5 is fixed by means of a correspondingly associated Rostgephaseuseflansches 40, optionally with the interposition of a sealing element 41.
- the determination is carried out here, for example, by means of a plurality of reactor housing side arranged and in the circumferential direction of flange spaced-apart quick-release connections 42.
- a screw with slots can be provided. This can then improve the positioning of the grate housing and thus the ash discharge screw.
- At least one ignition opening 43 can open in the area of the reactor wall section 37, which can be ignited by way of an ignition and control device 44 (not shown here). There are preferably provided a plurality of such ignition openings 43 distributed over the circumference.
- the reactor wall section 37 of the reactor housing is furthermore preferably stiffened with a plurality of ribs 46 which are spaced apart from one another in the circumferential direction. Likewise, we thereby stiffened the lower housing portion 30.
- the grate housing flange 40 connected to the reactor wall section 37 or to the wall section flange 39 is arranged on a grate housing sidewall section 47 (cf. FIGS. 6 a to 6 d) which laterally delimits a grate housing 5 formed like a trough.
- this edge-side grate plate region 48 can be formed by a grate plate wall section 50 protruding downwards from the grate plate edge region 36.
- the arrangement of the roller bearings 49 but also so that they are directly and directly supported on the underside of the grate plate 3.
- a further advantage of this downwardly projecting grate plate wall section 50 is that it also advantageously braces or stiffens the grate plate 3. As can be further seen in particular from FIGS.
- a plurality of entrainment vanes 51 which are spaced apart from one another in the circumferential direction and extend from a central region radially outward to approximately to the grate plate edge region 36, are arranged on the underside of the grate plate 3, wherein the Mitauerschaufeln at the radially outer, free end face end have a bearing recess 52 which is penetrated by the roller bearings 49 during rotation of the grate plate (see in particular Fig. 9).
- the Mit psychologyfeln 51 are here exemplified substantially plate-shaped and protrude viewed in the vertical axis direction down from the bottom of the grate plate 3, wherein they also have a plurality of recesses 53.
- Mit supportiveschaufeln 51 may also be provided with stiffening ribs 54, which here have a substantially triangular shape and can be supported on the Mit supportiveschaufel 51 itself and on the other hand also on the underside of the grate plate 3.
- the grate plate 3 also has, as can be seen in particular from Fig. 7i, showing the grate plate 3 without patch grate cone 4, a plurality of circumferentially spaced apart and emanating from a central region radially outward to the edge portion 36 of the grate plate 3 guided expansion slots 55, which are provided here at two exemplary points with circular extensions 56, which should prevent cracking.
- These expansion slots 55 are covered from below by means of a Mitauerschaufel Schotooth
- a cylindrical sleeve 60 is arranged on the underside of the grate plate 3 about a drive shaft 59 (cf. FIG. 1c) of a grate drive Shell has a plurality of circumferentially spaced air outlet openings 61.
- An air supply device 60a which is only shown schematically for example in FIGS. 6a and 6d, can then open into the area of the cuff 60.
- sleeve 60 is shown for clarity in a unique position.
- the grate housing 5 has a bottom-side, rust-housing ash outlet opening 62, to which a grate-ash discharge shaft 63 connects at the bottom, in which, for example, an ash discharge screw not shown in detail here is received in order to discharge the means of the Mit Converseschaufeln 51 in the rust-housing-side ash discharge shaft 63 promoted ash.
- a grate-ash discharge shaft 63 connects at the bottom, in which, for example, an ash discharge screw not shown in detail here is received in order to discharge the means of the Mit supportiveschaufeln 51 in the rust-housing-side ash discharge shaft 63 promoted ash.
- the ash discharge chute 63 is merely here designed as an example square and can of course be designed around. This results in the possibility of aligning the ash screw on two points of rotation (rust housing and ash discharge shaft) to any point to the ash slug.
- the grate housing 5 can be stiffened on its outside with reinforcing profiles 64.
- the grate cone 4 is designed here as a grate pyramid with a plurality of pyramid faces 67 adjoining each other via pyramid corners 66, the pyramid tip being in relation to the vertical axis direction towards obliquely upwardly and inwardly extending pyramid side surfaces 67 on their bottom side facing the grate plate 3 have a pyramid side surface region 68 which kinks substantially vertically downwards, which determines the distance d (compare FIG. 9) in the area of the lateral ash outlet opening 19 of the reactor interior 2, in particular in the same way in that a substantially uniform circumferential cross-section, substantially rectangular, in the lower interior area of the interior of the reactor 2, is formed.
- These vertically kinking pyramid side surface portions 68 may be bent at its lower end portion in turn by about 90 ° and form a fastening tab or a centering 69, by means of which the grate cone 4 can be easily aligned and placed in the desired manner between the stainless steel cover plates 70.
- peripheral and circumferentially spaced distribution bars 71 can be arranged on the top of the grate plate, of which only one is shown here by way of example and cause good mixing of the material when the grate plate 3 is rotated can.
- a tower-type agitator 92 can also be provided the conical tip 93 of the grate cone 4 be provided, for example, there as a separate component on a, a flattened conical tip 93 forming mounting plate 98 placed and fastened (Fig. 10f).
- the tower-like agitator 92 is formed by a tower body 99, which at its the cone apex 93 facing away from the free end carries a spherical and / or the tower body 99 laterally projecting stirring ball 94.
- the stirring ball has a structured surface, wherein for this purpose it is preferably provided that the surface has a plurality of edges 105 as structural elements.
- the edges 105 are formed on the agitating ball 104 so that they form a stirring ball 104 with a pyramidal structure, which has only here, for example, a plurality of upper, pyramidal side surfaces 107 opening into a pyramidal tip 106, to the vertically downwardly oriented pyramid side walls 108 connect, protrude from the turn obliquely set Pyramidenteiland lake 109 down and inwards toward the tower body 99 out.
- the stirring ball 94 may be made of any suitable material, but is preferably made of a castable material, particularly concrete, such that an upper mounting region of the tower body 99 is anchored in the stirring ball 94 by pouring.
- the upper attachment region of the tower body 99 is formed by a plurality of spaced-apart Eing manlaschen 100, which can be angled as shown in Fig. 10c, in different directions.
- the tower-like agitator 92 has a multi-part and composed of a plurality of interconnected tower segments 101, 102, 103 tower body 99.
- An upper head tower segment 103 facing the stirring ball 94 then carries the stirring ball 94 in this case.
- the tower body 99 of the tower-like agitator 92 can carry at least one agitating blade 97 projecting laterally from it, wherein it preferably carries a plurality of agitating blades 97 which are spaced apart from one another in the vertical axis direction and in the circumferential direction.
- the three exemplary Turmsegemente 101, 102, 103 here each have at least one, here two diametrically opposite, receiving opening (s) 95, in particular in the form of a receiving slot, through which in each case an agitator blade 97 in the tower body 99 plugged, in particular form - and contour fitting pluggable, is.
- the agitator blades 97 engage in the inserted state as a U-shaped retaining element 96 of the respective upper axis direction underlying tower segment 101, 102 and are fixed there, for example by welding.
- the tower segments 101, 102, 103 are each formed by a cylindrical and polygonal polygonal piece of pipe, wherein a lower base tower segment 101 and an intermediate tower segment 102 forming tower segments 101, 102 by means of an aligned substantially transversely to the vertical axis intermediate plate 104 gas-tight are closed.
- This intermediate plate 104 is in each case arranged in an upper end region of the tower segments 101, 102 viewed in the direction of the vertical axis and carries the retaining element 96 formed by a U-profile.
- the grate cone used in conjunction with a tower-like agitator can of course also have any other shape, for example smooth-walled without edges.
- the tower-like agitator 92 extends with its free end, which is preferably formed by the stirring ball 94, in the interior of the muffle tube 12 to approximately the height of the air inlet openings 76 and /. or until just below the free end region of the core air nozzle 84 and thus into the region of the oxidation zone, which has a particularly advantageous effect on practical operation.
- the stirring ball 94 is preferably formed by the stirring ball 94, in the interior of the muffle tube 12 to approximately the height of the air inlet openings 76 and /. or until just below the free end region of the core air nozzle 84 and thus into the region of the oxidation zone, which has a particularly advantageous effect on practical operation.
- the muffle tube 12, relative to the reactor high-axis direction z, is guided from above into the reactor interior 2 in such a way that it has a lower muffle tube end region 72 above the grate cone 4 and thus opens above the grate plate 3 in the reactor interior, said lower Muffelrohrend Scheme 72 projects as a free Muffelrohrend Scheme spaced from the reactor inner wall 6 in the reactor interior 2, so that the upper reactor inner wall portion 17, the lower, free Muffelrohrend Scheme 72 with a defined gap distance surrounds so that between the lower, free Muffelrohrend Scheme 72 and the upper reactor inner wall portion 17 of annularly around the lower, free Muffelrohrend Scheme 72 circumferential Gassammeiraum 27 is formed, in which, as described above, the gas outlet openings 13 and the gas exhaust pipes 28 open.
- a stirring ball 94 arranged at the free end of the tower-like agitator 92, with one here centrally or centrally into the interior of the muffle tube 12 guided Kern Kunststoffdüse 84 is fluidly coupled in such a way that a free end 84a of the stationary arranged Kern Kunststoffdüse 84 is received with a defined predetermined gap distance in a designed as a core air nozzle-mouth duct Kern Kunststoffdüsen- mouth region 94b substantially conformed shape and contour.
- a guide element 84b may also be provided on the core-air nozzle 84 in the area of the orifice-side orifice, which possibly conducts air flowing back through the gap 84c into the desired region of the oxidation zone.
- the stirring ball 94 further has an air space 94c into which the core air nozzle 84 and the core air nozzle-opening channel open and branch off from the several circumferentially spaced flow channels 94a.
- the stirring ball 94 in the region of these flow channels 94a a defined predetermined distance, in particular a distance of 200mm to 400mm, most preferably of about 300mm, from the surrounding muffle tube 12 together with the there opening air inlet openings 76, thereby forming an optimized oxidation zone is.
- the air supply into the air space 94 c but also from the grate side or by the agitator 92, for example, through the tower segments 101, 102 and 103 through the air space 94c take place, for example, such that a in FIG 10g schematically indicated air supply channel 92a on the rust side through the grate drive shaft, coming from outside the reactor, is led to the air space 94c.
- An integral training or a different definition is possible in principle.
- the stirring ball 94 may then be rotationally driven together with, for example, the core air nozzle 84.
- the stirring ball 94 carries a tower-like agitator 92 projecting downwards in the reactor vertical axis direction, so that the tower-like agitator 92 together with the stirring ball 94 and the core air nozzle 84, relative to the reactor high-axis direction, is suspended from above into the fixed bed reactor 1.
- the tower-like agitator 92 seen in reactor high axis direction can extend arbitrarily and in particular without connection down to the grate area, for example, extend approximately into the area above the grate cone 4, not shown here.
- the lower Muffelrohrend Scheme 72 also has a there at least partially, preferably completely, encircling Muffelrohrkamm 72a or forms such, wherein the Muffelrohrkamm 72a a plurality of spaced apart and / or after below projecting comb teeth.
- the upper reactor inner wall region 17 is, over its entire extent, in the direction of the vertical axis Seen, the same diameter formed and extends this approximately to the height of the mouth opening of the free, lower Muffelrohrend Schemees 72. There then closes the lower and the grate opening or to the grate plate 3 narrowing, here conically tapering example, inner wall region 18 of the reactor ,
- the muffle tube outer wall 73 of the lower Muffelrohrend Schemes 72, which forms part of the plenum 27 is formed in the region of the gas collection chamber 27 of the same diameter, so that there is an annular circumferential, in cross-section substantially rectangular Gassammeiraum.
- a muffle tube inner wall 74 of the muffle tube 12 is preferably formed over the entire muffle tube length of the same diameter, that is formed without a diameter jump or without edges and steps, which helps to ensure a muffelrohr facility unimpeded material flow.
- the muffle tube inner wall 74 of the muffle tube 12 is formed by a one-piece or multi-part muffle tube lining 75, which has a plurality of circumferentially spaced air inlet openings 76 in an upper region. These air inlet openings 76 are arranged on the muffle tube 12 so that they are arranged in the assembled state of the muffle tube (FIG. 1 c, FIG. 4 a) outside the reactor 1 or in a muffle tube region lying in the vertical axis direction z above a reactor ceiling wall region 10.
- the muffle wall lining 75 is also outside wall side at least partially, that is sheathed in the example shown here in the region of its side wall of a Muffelrohrgeophuse 77 (Fig. 3a to 3d), wherein the air inlet openings 76 of the Muffelrohr lining 75 in a muffelrohrgeophuse document trained and with air (or any other suitable gas) feed muffle tube housing air channel 78 open, such that in the air passage 78 incoming air (or any other suitable gas) via the air inlet openings 76 circumferentially flows into the muffle tube 12.
- air inlet pipes 79 can be inserted into the air inlet openings 76.
- the muffle tube lining may be made of the same material as the reactor lining 7.
- the muffle tube housing 77 is preferably made of a high-temperature steel material which, as can be seen in particular from FIGS. 3 a and 3 c in conjunction with FIGS. 1 c and 4 a, extends over the entire length of the muffle tube.
- the muffle tube 12 or the muffle tube housing 77 has a ring-shaped circumferential muffle tube flange 80, which can be connected to the reactor housing flange 24.
- This muffle tube flange 80 is further coupled with the muffle tube housing air channel 78 in a heat-transmitting or heat-conducting manner, so that this muffle tube flange 80 or a muffle tube housing region connected thereto is cooled by the air flowing into the muffle tube housing air channel 78. Likewise, this incoming air is also preheated by the heat output from the heated muffle tube housing 77.
- the flange connection between the muffle tube 12, on the one hand, and the reactor housing 22, on the other hand can thus advantageously be designed such that a hot spot or overheating is simply avoided there. This flange connection can thus be arranged in a maintenance and service-friendly manner freely accessible outside the reactor 1, as shown in the exemplary embodiment.
- the muffle tube flange 80 which can be fixed on the reactor housing side is thus preferably arranged approximately in an upper to middle muffle tube region when viewed in vertical direction (see in particular FIG. 3d), wherein in addition for stiffening the muffle tube flange, in particular in FIG. 3a, in FIG 3 b and stiffening ribs 81 may be provided in FIG. 3 d.
- the muffle tube 12 at its the reactor in Hochachseiques superior portion of an upper muffle tube opening 83 see also Fig.
- This head part has (FIG. 1c) a head part cavity 87, which merges into the muffle tube cavity 86 and is connected to the muffle tube cavity 86 and into which a dispensing opening 88 coupled to a fuel metering device, not shown, opens laterally.
- the core air nozzle 84 protrudes into the head part 85 approximately vertically downwards from a top part of the head part.
- the head portion 85 is preferably made of a sheet metal material and has at its lower end a headboard flange 89 which is connectable to a second, upper muffle tube flange 82 of the muffle tube.
- the head part cavity 87 can widen conically downward toward the muffle tube cavity 86, in particular in such a way that the head part cavity 87 has the same diameter, ie without a diameter jump or without a step or without an edge and thus essentially "smooth". merges into the muffle tube cavity 86.
- the header flange 89 may in turn be stiffened with stiffening ribs 90.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Muffle Furnaces And Rotary Kilns (AREA)
- Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE201310017861 DE102013017861A1 (de) | 2013-10-26 | 2013-10-26 | Festbettreaktor zur Vergasung von Brennstoffen |
PCT/EP2014/002878 WO2015058863A1 (de) | 2013-10-26 | 2014-10-24 | Festbettreaktor zur vergasung von brennstoffen |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3060631A1 true EP3060631A1 (de) | 2016-08-31 |
EP3060631B1 EP3060631B1 (de) | 2019-03-06 |
Family
ID=51897225
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP14796703.8A Not-in-force EP3060631B1 (de) | 2013-10-26 | 2014-10-24 | Festbettreaktor zur vergasung von brennstoffen |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3060631B1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102013017861A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2015058863A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105132030B (zh) * | 2015-09-09 | 2017-10-03 | 曾中伟 | 分段增压式有机垃圾气化炉 |
KR102233960B1 (ko) * | 2020-11-25 | 2021-03-30 | (주)이씨티 | 바이오매스 가스화 시스템의 애쉬 제거 장치 |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE894889C (de) * | 1943-08-24 | 1953-10-29 | Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag | Doppelfeuergaserzeuger |
CH240953A (de) * | 1944-02-01 | 1946-02-15 | Blickensdorfer Adolf | Gaserzeuger mit absteigender Verbrennung. |
EP0156363A3 (de) | 1984-03-30 | 1986-04-09 | Hans Dr. Viessmann | Festbrennstoffvergaserfeuerung |
IT1289003B1 (it) * | 1996-10-16 | 1998-09-25 | Tomadini Gino & C | Procedimento perfezionato di gassificazione di combustibili e relativo dispositivo gassificatore |
DE102007017859A1 (de) * | 2007-04-13 | 2008-10-23 | Mallon, Joachim, Dipl.-Phys. | Vergaser |
DE102009042104B4 (de) * | 2009-09-21 | 2011-12-29 | Bernhard Werner | Holzgaskessel |
CA2793104C (en) * | 2010-03-15 | 2019-02-19 | Power Waste Gasification, Llc | Method and apparatus for processing of carbon-containing feed stock into gasification gas |
FR2985265B1 (fr) * | 2011-12-29 | 2013-12-27 | Cogebio | Procede et equipement de gazeification en lit fixe |
-
2013
- 2013-10-26 DE DE201310017861 patent/DE102013017861A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2014
- 2014-10-24 EP EP14796703.8A patent/EP3060631B1/de not_active Not-in-force
- 2014-10-24 WO PCT/EP2014/002878 patent/WO2015058863A1/de active Application Filing
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2015058863A1 (de) | 2015-04-30 |
EP3060631B1 (de) | 2019-03-06 |
DE102013017861A1 (de) | 2015-04-30 |
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