EP3052974A1 - Diffuseur optique comportant une portion diffusante formée d'une mousse comprenant au moins un polymère fluoré - Google Patents
Diffuseur optique comportant une portion diffusante formée d'une mousse comprenant au moins un polymère fluoréInfo
- Publication number
- EP3052974A1 EP3052974A1 EP14793229.7A EP14793229A EP3052974A1 EP 3052974 A1 EP3052974 A1 EP 3052974A1 EP 14793229 A EP14793229 A EP 14793229A EP 3052974 A1 EP3052974 A1 EP 3052974A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- optical diffuser
- foam
- vdf
- light source
- diffusing portion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
- G02B5/0205—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties
- G02B5/0236—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties the diffusion taking place within the volume of the element
- G02B5/0247—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties the diffusion taking place within the volume of the element by means of voids or pores
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
- G02B5/0273—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterized by the use
- G02B5/0278—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterized by the use used in transmission
Definitions
- Optical diffuser comprising a diffusing portion formed of a foam comprising at least one fluoropolymer
- the present invention relates to an optical diffuser, in particular an optical diffuser that can be used for a point light source such as, for example, an LED, as well as a light emitting device comprising a point light source associated with the aforementioned optical diffuser.
- a point light source such as, for example, an LED
- a light emitting device comprising a point light source associated with the aforementioned optical diffuser.
- a point light source creates a light zone having a specific shape identifiable with the naked eye.
- the shape of the light emitting zone remains visible and it is therefore essential, for some uses, to hide this shape by creating a halo of more diffuse light.
- the individualization of light sources generates the so-called "pixelation" phenomenon, which diminishes the quality of the image, which appears as a set of light points. .
- LEDs Light-Emitting Diodes
- LEDs which are point sources of light
- LEDs are increasingly preferred to incandescent or fluorescent light sources because of their lower energy consumption. LEDs are used, for example, as light sources on automobiles, for signposts, illuminated signs and street lighting.
- LEDs produce a very bright, slightly raw bright point, which is often dazzling.
- the light of the LEDs is therefore not comfortable for the user and it is necessary to use, in many applications, an optical diffuser which reduces the brightness of the LEDs.
- LEDs in particular LEDs producing a large luminous flux, create a unidirectional light beam whose emission spectrum is particular. Any optical diffuser can not therefore be suitable for LEDs.
- Optical diffusers are generally made of plastic. They are designed to be used with a point light source and have a diffusing portion. The diffusing portion is disposed near the point light source when the diffuser optical is mounted on the latter. The diffusing portion is then traversed by the light emitted by the point light source.
- the optical diffusers serve to protect the point light source while ensuring a satisfactory transmission of the light emitted by the latter. They also make it possible to obtain a scattering of the light emitted by the point light source, thus reducing the glare generated and preventing the aforementioned pixelation phenomenon.
- WO 2006/100126 discloses an optical diffuser of thermoplastic material which contains particles for diffusing light.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an optical diffuser that can be used, in particular with a point light source, in particular an LED, which provides good light transmission and has a satisfactory occulting power.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide an optical diffuser for a point light source which is easy to produce and has a low cost.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide an optical diffuser that is resistant to fire and heat, including the heat released by the point light source.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a UV transparent optical diffuser which is relatively chemically inert.
- chemically inert it is meant that it resists acid and / or basic attacks, thus allowing exposure to the elements.
- the present invention provides an optical diffuser adapted to be mounted on a point light source and having a diffusing portion which is traversed by the luminous flux emitted by a point light source, when said diffuser optical is mounted on the latter.
- said diffusing portion is formed of a solid foam comprising at least one fluorinated polymer.
- the use of a foam makes it possible, in addition, to reduce the amount of polymer used, which causes a lightening of the optical diffuser and a reduction in its cost.
- fluoropolymer denotes any polymer obtained from at least one monomer chosen from compounds containing a vinyl group capable of opening to polymerize and which contains, directly attached to this vinyl group, at least a fluorine atom, a fluoroalkyl group or a fluoroalkoxy group.
- vinyl fluoride vinylidene fluoride
- VDF vinylidene fluoride
- VF 3 trifluoroethylene
- CTFE chlorotrifluoroethylene
- TFE 1,2-difluoroethylene
- TFE tetrafluoroethylene
- HFP hexafluoropropylene
- the fluoropolymer may be a homopolymer or a copolymer, it may also include non-fluorinated monomeric units such as ethylene or propylene.
- the fluorinated polymer may be chosen from:
- VDF vinylidene fluoride
- the VDF comonomer may be chosen from chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE), hexafluoropropylene (HFP), trifluoroethylene (VF 3 ) and tetrafluoroethylene (TFE); copolymers of TFE and ethylene (ETFE);
- VF 3 trifluoroethylene
- copolymers of the EFEP type associating VDF and TFE in particular Daikin EFEPs
- copolymers and especially terpolymers, combining the residues of the chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE), tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), hexafluoropropylene (HFP) and / or ethylene units and optionally VDF and / or VF 3 units .
- CTFE chlorotrifluoroethylene
- TFE tetrafluoroethylene
- HFP hexafluoropropylene
- the aforementioned fluorinated comonomer is chosen from chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE), hexafluoropropylene (HFP), trifluoroethylene (VF3), tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) and mixtures thereof.
- CTFE chlorotrifluoroethylene
- HFP hexafluoropropylene
- VF3 trifluoroethylene
- TFE tetrafluoroethylene
- the copolymer comprises only VDF and HFP.
- the fluorinated copolymers are VDF copolymers such as VDF-HFP containing at least 50% by weight of VDF, advantageously at least 75% by weight of VDF and preferably at least 80% by weight of VDF.
- VDF copolymers such as VDF-HFP containing at least 50% by weight of VDF, advantageously at least 75% by weight of VDF and preferably at least 80% by weight of VDF.
- VDF-HFP containing at least 50% by weight of VDF, advantageously at least 75% by weight of VDF and preferably at least 80% by weight of VDF.
- the fluoropolymer foam may advantageously further comprise an acrylic polymer as long as it is miscible with said fluoropolymer.
- an acrylic polymer is less expensive than fluoropolymers, thus obtaining, at lower cost, an optical diffuser having good optical properties and excellent fire resistance.
- the polymethyl methacrylate which is inexpensive, can advantageously be added to the fluoropolymer.
- Poly (acrylic acid) (PAA), polyacrylates, polyacrylamide (PAM), alkyl polyacrylates such as poly (methyl acrylate) (PMA), polyacrylate (PEA) and polybutyl acrylate (PBA) can be cited as examples of acrylic polymers.
- an acrylic polymer designates, within the meaning of the present invention, a polymer of general formula (-CH 2 -CHCOOR-) n , in which R is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl radical containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms. carbon.
- the foam contains a mass fraction of an acrylic polymer of between 0.1 and 90%, preferably between 5 and 50%, and even more preferably between 5 and 30% relative to the total mass of the mixture.
- acrylic polymer-vinylidene fluoride The above-mentioned value is given by way of example, the person skilled in the art being able to adjust the fraction of acrylic polymer as a function of the desired fire resistance for the final product or the desired chemical resistance or UV transparency. desired.
- said acrylic polymer is a polymethylmethacrylate.
- said foam contains, in addition, at least one additive chosen from flame retardants, dyes, plasticizers, pigments, antioxidants, antistatic agents, surfactants, and impact modifiers.
- the method of manufacturing the foam is not limited according to the invention. It can be obtained by emulsion, suspension, injection of a gas, use of a nucleating agent, use of a compound generating a gas by chemical reaction or the like.
- the foam obtained can be injected, injected-molded or extruded, then optionally laminated to form the diffusing portion of the diffuser of the invention or the diffuser itself.
- At least the diffusing portion of the optical diffuser of the invention is obtained by extrusion or injection.
- the method of manufacturing the foam and the optical diffuser itself are not limiting of the present invention.
- the shape of the optical diffuser is not limited according to the invention. It can be colored and / or have a pattern.
- the diffusing portion has a thickness substantially equal to or greater than ⁇ ⁇ and substantially less than or equal to 2 mm. Even more advantageously, the diffusing portion has a thickness substantially equal to or greater than 150 ⁇ and substantially less than or equal to 1 mm.
- the diffusing portion has an occulting power
- HP (5.1)% measured according to the method of the integrating sphere substantially equal to or greater than 80% and in particular substantially equal to 90%.
- the diffusing part transmits, in the wavelengths of the visible spectrum, at least 50% and preferably at least 65% of the light emitted by said point light source.
- the above values are obtained according to ASTM D1003.
- the present invention also relates to a light emitting device comprising a point light source and an optical diffuser according to the invention.
- said point light source is a light emitting diode.
- a "point light source” is defined as being any source of electromagnetic radiation of wavelength substantially greater than or equal to 4000 Angstrom and substantially less than or equal to 7 700 Angstrom.
- Incandescent, fluorescent spot light sources, neon light sources, argon and light emitting diodes (LEDs) can be cited as non-limiting examples of point light sources.
- a light emitting device is defined as being the combination between a point light source and an optical diffuser.
- the occulting power HP (n)% is defined as being measured according to the method of the integrating sphere described hereinafter.
- solid foam denotes a solid containing a multitude of bubbles and / or cavities of more or less homogeneous size and distributed more or less uniformly throughout the volume occupied by the foam. These bubbles or cavities can communicate with each other or not.
- the term "polymer” covers homopolymers, copolymers, especially random copolymers, alternating copolymers, block copolymers and branched copolymers.
- copolymer encompasses the polymers as mentioned above obtained from at least two different monomers or at least one monomer and at least one polymer.
- the copolymers according to the invention can thus be terpolymers, that is to say polymers obtained from a mixture containing three monomers, or from a mixture containing two monomers and a polymer or from a mixture containing a monomer and two polymers.
- the copolymers according to the invention may also be copolymers obtained from more than three different monomers and / or polymers.
- the term "monomeric unit" means that the polymer has, in its longest chain, the molecule of said monomer linked to another molecule of the same monomer or to a molecule. another monomer or polymer.
- the molecule of said monomer is referred to as "monomeric unit”.
- PVDF vinylidene fluoride polymer
- FIG. 1 represents the occulting power HP (5.1)% measured at 5.1 cm as a function of the light transmission rate (for a light at 23 ° C. emitted by a standard illuminant A) measured according to the standard ASTM D 1003, respectively for a non-foamed PVDF sheet with a thickness of 1,143 ⁇ and for a PVDF foamed plate with a thickness of 381 ⁇ ;
- FIG. 2 represents the occulting power HP (5.1)% measured at 5.1 cm as a function of the light transmission rate (for a light at 23 ° C., emitted by a standard illuminant A), measured according to the ASTM D standard. 1003, for a foamed PVDF plate 381 m thick and for a non foamed PVDF plate 762 ⁇ thick;
- FIG. 3 represents the occulting power HP (5.1)% measured at 5.1 cm as a function of the light transmission rate (for a light at 23 ° C., emitted by a standard illuminant A), measured according to the ASTM D standard. 1003 for a foamed PVDF plate 381 m thick and for an unfoamed PVDF plate having the same thickness; and
- FIG. 4 represents the light transmission rate as a function of the wavelength of the latter, respectively for a PVDF foam sheet having a thickness equal to 355.6 ⁇ , for a transparent Plexiglas® lens and for a sheet made of PVDF foam with a thickness of 165.1 ⁇ .
- the method of measuring the occulting power implemented throughout the present application uses a Perkin Elmer Lambda 950 device or a Haz-meter Byk Gardner type device. Any other equivalent device may also to be used.
- This method known as the "integrating sphere method" makes it possible to determine the amount of light "lost" in the axis of a light beam, by diffusion as it passes through the diffusing portion of the optical diffuser to be studied. For this, two measurements are taken for the same range of wavelengths. For the first measurement, a light source emitting at the given wavelength and disposed at a determined distance from an integrating sphere that measures all the luminous flux that it receives is used. The diffusing portion of the optical diffuser to be studied is placed just at the entrance of the sphere and the luminous flux transmitted through said diffusing portion (according to the ASTM D1003 standard) is thus measured; this gives a value T0 (%).
- the diffusing portion of the optical diffuser to be studied is placed, at a distance n upstream from the integrating sphere, the integral point-sphere light source distance and the emission spectrum of the point light source remain unchanged (even wavelength range); under these conditions, part of the light emitted by the light source is diffused by the diffusing portion of the optical diffuser, outside the integrating sphere, and the latter only, in theory, measures the light transmitted in the axis from the entrance of the integrating sphere. We then obtain a value T (n) (%).
- the occulting power HP (n)% (HP for "hiding power") measured at a distance n is defined as follows:
- HP (5.1) is greater than 95%, the light transmission rate is compromised decreasing the lumen / watt ratio consumed.
- Leaf thickness of 380 ⁇ thus has a density of 1.48, that of 508 ⁇ of thickness a density of 1.42 and that of 762 ⁇ of thickness a density of 1, 19.
- KYNAR FLEX® is a VDF copolymer containing more than 75% of VDF and the HFP supplement marketed by ARKEMA.
- the name "KYNAR FLEX® foamed" is a solid foam of KYNAR FLEX®.
- the light source is a Type A illuminant as defined by the International Commission on Illumination.
- the use of a foam of a fluorine polymer makes it possible to reduce the thickness of the diffusing portion without reducing the occulting power.
- the foamed KYNAR FLEX® sheet of thickness equal to 1,143 ⁇ has an occulting power HP (5.1)% substantially equal to 87% while the KYNAR FLEX® foam sheet of thickness equal to 381 ⁇ presents it, an occulting power HP (5.1)% higher (90%).
- the weight gain is obvious.
- the plate of 1 143 ⁇ corresponds to 2035g / m 2 whereas the foam of 381 ⁇ corresponds to 564g / m 2 .
- a fluoropolymer foam in particular a foam of a vinylidene fluoride polymer for the manufacture of the diffusing portion of an optical diffuser thus makes it possible to reduce the thickness of the diffusing portion without reducing the occulting power, in particular the occulting power measured as mentioned above at 5.1 cm (HP (5.1)%).
- the reduction in thickness is accompanied by more than a greater transmission of light.
- the fluoropolymer foam sheet has a better occulting power (78% for KYNAR FLEX® non foamed versus 90% for KYNAR FLEX® foam).
- the fluoropolymer foam plate has an occulting power HP (5.1)% of 90% whereas that of the same fluorophore-free polymer has an occulting power HP (5.1)% of 35% only, for the same thickness.
- the bubbles of the foam thus make it possible to increase the occulting power by diffusing the light while maintaining an acceptable transmission rate for use as a diffusing portion of an optical diffuser.
- PRD 1060 refers to a commercial Plexiglas® lens (i.e., polymethyl methacrylate) having a thickness of 2032 ⁇ .
- the lower curve in solid lines represents the rate of transmission of the light as a function of the wavelength thereof for a sheet of KYNAR FLEX® foamed 355.6 ⁇ .
- the transmission rate is about 35%. It grows steadily to reach the 57% value at 850 nm.
- the dashed line represents the light transmission versus wavelength ratio for a PRD 1060 lens.
- the transmission rate is about 5% . It rises sharply up to 400 nm to reach the value of 68% and then increases steadily to reach the value of 78% at 850 nm.
- the upper curve with crosses represents the rate of transmission of light as a function of the wavelength thereof for a foamed KYNAR FLEX® sheet 165.1 ⁇ thick. For a wavelength of 350 nm, the transmission rate is about 80%. He regularly believes to reach the value of 90% at 850 nm.
- the light transmission rate is always higher for the foamed KYNAR FLEX® plate of 165.1 ⁇ thick.
- the curve corresponding to the commercial lens cuts that of the KYNAR FLEX® sheet foamed at 355.6 ⁇ at a wavelength of between 350 and 450 nm.
- results of FIG. 4 show that by a judicious choice of the thickness of the PVDF foam, optical properties identical to those of a commercial lens can be obtained with, however, a higher transmission around 350 nm.
- the other major advantage is that the PVDF foam is fire-resistant which is not the case of the PMMA lens.
- the light source used is an illuminant type A as mentioned above.
- Table II the optical properties two mosses are compared.
- the KYNAR FLEX® Foam Sheet (referenced Foam I) of 0.51 mm has a density of 1.42.
- the foam sheet of KYNAR FLEX® (referenced Foam II) of 0.76 mm has a density of 1.19.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1359477A FR3011341B1 (fr) | 2013-10-01 | 2013-10-01 | Diffuseur optique comportant une portion diffusante formee d'une mousse comprenant au moins un polymere fluore |
| PCT/FR2014/052454 WO2015049450A1 (fr) | 2013-10-01 | 2014-09-30 | Diffuseur optique comportant une portion diffusante formée d'une mousse comprenant au moins un polymère fluoré |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3052974A1 true EP3052974A1 (fr) | 2016-08-10 |
Family
ID=49949838
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP14793229.7A Withdrawn EP3052974A1 (fr) | 2013-10-01 | 2014-09-30 | Diffuseur optique comportant une portion diffusante formée d'une mousse comprenant au moins un polymère fluoré |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20160245964A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP3052974A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3011341B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2015049450A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA3178883A1 (fr) | 2020-06-30 | 2022-01-06 | Novocure Gmbh | Reseaux de transducteurs flexibles dotes d'une couche polymere isolante permettant l'application de champs de traitement des tumeurs (ttfields) |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1864274B1 (fr) | 2005-03-25 | 2019-04-24 | Arkema France | Dispositif d'eclairage combinant une del et une feuille de diffusion |
| US7991257B1 (en) * | 2007-05-16 | 2011-08-02 | Fusion Optix, Inc. | Method of manufacturing an optical composite |
| US20130108816A1 (en) * | 2011-10-27 | 2013-05-02 | Arkema Inc. | Multi-layer fluoropolymer foam structure |
| US9028123B2 (en) * | 2010-04-16 | 2015-05-12 | Flex Lighting Ii, Llc | Display illumination device with a film-based lightguide having stacked incident surfaces |
| KR20130077669A (ko) * | 2011-12-29 | 2013-07-09 | 도레이첨단소재 주식회사 | 광확산용 발포수지 필름 및 그를 이용한 광확산 필름 |
-
2013
- 2013-10-01 FR FR1359477A patent/FR3011341B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2014
- 2014-09-30 US US15/026,284 patent/US20160245964A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2014-09-30 EP EP14793229.7A patent/EP3052974A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2014-09-30 WO PCT/FR2014/052454 patent/WO2015049450A1/fr not_active Ceased
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2015049450A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2015049450A1 (fr) | 2015-04-09 |
| US20160245964A1 (en) | 2016-08-25 |
| FR3011341A1 (fr) | 2015-04-03 |
| FR3011341B1 (fr) | 2016-12-23 |
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