EP3049862A1 - Adaptive optical filter for spectacle lenses - Google Patents

Adaptive optical filter for spectacle lenses

Info

Publication number
EP3049862A1
EP3049862A1 EP14777072.1A EP14777072A EP3049862A1 EP 3049862 A1 EP3049862 A1 EP 3049862A1 EP 14777072 A EP14777072 A EP 14777072A EP 3049862 A1 EP3049862 A1 EP 3049862A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
optical filter
adaptive optical
transmission coefficient
light
value
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP14777072.1A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
David Hue
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Valeo Vision SAS
Original Assignee
Valeo Vision SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Valeo Vision SAS filed Critical Valeo Vision SAS
Publication of EP3049862A1 publication Critical patent/EP3049862A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
    • G02C7/00—Optical parts
    • G02C7/10—Filters, e.g. for facilitating adaptation of the eyes to the dark; Sunglasses
    • G02C7/101—Filters, e.g. for facilitating adaptation of the eyes to the dark; Sunglasses having an electro-optical light valve
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B81—MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
    • B81B—MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS, e.g. MICROMECHANICAL DEVICES
    • B81B7/00—Microstructural systems; Auxiliary parts of microstructural devices or systems
    • B81B7/02—Microstructural systems; Auxiliary parts of microstructural devices or systems containing distinct electrical or optical devices of particular relevance for their function, e.g. microelectro-mechanical systems [MEMS]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
    • G02C7/00—Optical parts
    • G02C7/10—Filters, e.g. for facilitating adaptation of the eyes to the dark; Sunglasses
    • G02C7/105—Filters, e.g. for facilitating adaptation of the eyes to the dark; Sunglasses having inhomogeneously distributed colouring
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B81—MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
    • B81B—MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS, e.g. MICROMECHANICAL DEVICES
    • B81B2201/00—Specific applications of microelectromechanical systems
    • B81B2201/04—Optical MEMS
    • B81B2201/047—Optical MEMS not provided for in B81B2201/042 - B81B2201/045
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
    • G02C2202/00—Generic optical aspects applicable to one or more of the subgroups of G02C7/00
    • G02C2202/18—Cellular lens surfaces

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to optical filters, used as optical shutters for controlling the attenuation of a light intensity, adaptively in response to external conditions or to the control of a user.
  • the invention may advantageously be implemented in glare protection devices, such as sunglasses.
  • Such glasses allow the user to adopt a vision position, spontaneously or naturally, allowing vision through the lower zone, and a position of voluntary vision, inclining more or less the head downward, allowing:
  • the vision through the upper zone which strongly attenuates incident or reflected polarized lights from distant sources
  • - the vision through the central zone to modulate at the option of the wearer of glasses the degree of attenuation of the sources situated in a distant field
  • the documents EP 0 341 519, FR 2 693 562 and FR 2 975 792 disclose glasses whose frame comprises a photosensitive sensor and whose glasses comprise a layer of liquid crystals, the sensor emitting a signal increasing function of the luminous intensity which reached, an electronic circuit driving the liquid crystal such that the transmittance of the liquid crystal decreases as the light intensity received by the sensor increases.
  • the document FR 2 781 289 discloses glasses whose frame comprises a photosensitive sensor emitting a signal of increasing power as a function of the light intensity which reaches it, an electronic circuit connected to the sensor and emitting an alternating secondary signal of increasing power with the power of the signal emitted by the sensor, and glasses having an electro-optical screen, the electronic circuit varying the frequency of the secondary signal, the increase in light intensity resulting in a reduction of the transmittance of spectacle lenses .
  • the document WO 2012/036638 discloses ophthalmic glasses with liquid crystals, whose lenses comprise an upper zone for far vision, a lower zone for near vision, and a variable transparency element.
  • near vision mode the lens area for far vision is opacified, and the lens area for near vision is clear or transparent.
  • far vision mode the lens areas for far vision and near vision are clear or transparent.
  • the purpose of these glasses is to encourage the wearer to use the upper area of the lenses for far vision, and the lower area for near vision, instead of accommodating using the upper area, to heal or prevent myopia. Presentation of the invention
  • the present invention is placed in this context and its purpose is to provide an adaptive optical filter, intended in particular to constitute a spectacle lens, capable of having a transmission of almost zero light to prevent glare, and a transmission maximum light, and especially close to 100%, to allow a clear vision in the absence of dazzling source in the field of view, the transition from one transmission state to the other being carried out gradually.
  • the subject of the present invention is an adaptive optical filter for spectacle lens, comprising at least two distinct zones (10_M, 10_S), one being located preferentially above the other, each of the zones being defined. by an instantaneous value of at least one optical property, the optical property being preferably the transmission coefficient of the light.
  • the optical property (CT) of at least one of the areas (10_M, 10_S) of the adaptive optical filter (10) is variable in time between a maximum value (CTMAX) and a minimum value (CTmin).
  • the transmission coefficient of the lower zone is greater than that of the upper zone.
  • the light transmission coefficient of at least one of the zones of the adaptive optical filter is variable according to a modulation of pulse width; at least one of the zones of the adaptive optical filter comprises a liquid crystal cell;
  • the adaptive optical filter comprises a Mioco-Opto-Electromechanical system; the adaptive optical filter comprises two zones whose light transmission coefficient of each of them is variable in time between a maximum value and a minimum value;
  • the light transmission coefficient of one of the zones is a function of the light transmission coefficient of the other zone
  • the light transmission coefficient of at least one of the zones of the adaptive optical filter is a function of the duty cycle of the pulse width modulation cycle
  • the duty cycle of the pulse width modulation cycle of the light transmittance of one of the zones is a function of the duty cycle of the pulse width modulation cycle of the light transmission coefficient of an adjacent area
  • the light transmission coefficient is controlled by a control signal from a photosensitive sensor
  • the photosensitive sensor emits a signal whose value is a function of the luminous intensity which it receives from the scene in front of the spectacle wearer;
  • the light transmission coefficient is controlled by a manual control signal
  • the adaptive optical filter comprises a zone whose light transmittance is constant over time.
  • FIG. 1 schematically a perspective view of an adaptive optical filter made according to the present invention
  • FIGS. 2A and 2B show schematically a pair of glasses, incorporating two filters made according to the present invention, in two operating states;
  • FIGS. 4A and 4B show diagrams of the time evolution of different signals used in the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 shows schematically in perspective, on a very large scale, the filter of Figure 1, according to a second embodiment
  • FIG. 1 Shown in FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of an adaptive optical filter made in accordance with the teachings of the present invention.
  • the filter designated as a whole by reference numeral 10, comprises three zones:
  • the lower zone 0 I has a fixed transmission coefficient CT
  • the upper zone 10_S has a transmission coefficient of the time-varying CT S light under the control of an electrical signal.
  • This transmission coefficient CT S can thus take any value between a maximum value CT MAX , for which a maximum quantity of light is transmitted, and a minimum value CT MIN , for which a minimum quantity of light is transmitted.
  • the median zone 10_M has a time-varying coefficient of transmission of the light M M CT, so that its instantaneous value is always between the fixed value CT
  • FIGS. 2A and 2B show a pair of glasses, each of which incorporates at least one filter made according to the present invention, in two operating states. We see :
  • a pair of spectacles each of whose glasses comprises a lower zone 0 I, a median zone 10_M, and an upper zone 10_S, and
  • FIGS. 2A and 3A clearly show that the lower zone 0 I has a transmission coefficient CT
  • the upper zone 10_S has a transmission coefficient CT S constant over the entire height of this upper zone 10_S, and CT value S less than the value CT, of the transmission coefficient of the lower zone 0 I.
  • CT S of the transmission coefficient of the upper zone 10_S is equal to the minimum value CT min .
  • the median zone 10_M has a variable transmission coefficient CT M , the value of which lies between the values of the transmission coefficients CT
  • CT M the transmission coefficient
  • the instantaneous value of CT M may be equal at any instant to the arithmetic mean of the values CT, and CT S.
  • the transmission coefficients CT S of the upper zone 10_S and CT M of the median zone 10_M are variable in time, so that:
  • the transmission coefficient of the light CT S of the upper zone 10_S is variable in time, and can take any value between maximum value CT MAX , for which a maximum quantity of light is transmitted, and a minimum value CT MIN , for which a minimum quantity of light is transmitted, and
  • the transmission coefficient of the CT M light of the median zone 10_M is constantly between:
  • the transmission coefficient of the light CT M being for example equal to the arithmetic mean of the constant values CT
  • the light transmission coefficient CT S has its maximum value CTMAX, and that
  • the light transmission coefficient CT M is still between the new value CT S of the transmission coefficient of the upper zone 10_S and the constant value CT
  • CT MAX a maximum value permitted by the technology used to vary this transmission coefficient in order to allow the spectacle wearer to observe the far field in the scene in front of him
  • constant, of maximum value, to allow the spectacle wearer to perfectly distinguish the objects in the near field in front of him
  • a light transmission coefficient CT M in its median zone 10_M, a light transmission coefficient CT M , the value of which is at all times between the constant value CT
  • liquid crystal cells as constituent materials of spectacle lenses, controlled by an electrical signal.
  • a liquid crystal cell comprises two polarizing filters, a polarizer and an analyzer, enclosing a layer of liquid crystal.
  • Transparent electrodes are deposited on the faces of the polarizing filters facing the liquid crystal layer, and the application of an electric field between these two electrodes makes it possible to switch the polarization state of the liquid crystal layer, and therefore to modify the coefficient of transmission of light by the cell, between a zero value, for which the cell is opaque, and a maximum value, for which the cell has a maximum transparency.
  • a digital signal that is to say an alternating signal, preferably in PWM pulse width modulation (for the English expression “Pulse Width Modulation"), at a predetermined frequency, in accordance with the diagrams of Figures 4A and 4B.
  • the electrical control signal may be derived from a manual control (not shown), actuated directly by the spectacle wearer, to control the transmission coefficient of the upper zone 10_S.
  • the electrical control signal may be issued from a photosensitive sensor (not shown), emitting a signal whose value is a function of the light intensity it receives from the scene in front of the spectacle wearer, and associated with a circuit which converts this signal into a digital control signal S C encoded in PWM, for automatically controlling the transmission coefficient of the filter comprising a zone of the spectacle lens, and in particular of its upper zone 1 0_S, as a function of the luminosity emanating from the scene in front of the eyeglass wearer.
  • this control signal S C varies between a value S CMAX for a duration t-, and a value S Cm in for a duration t 2 , the sum of the durations t- and t 2 defining the period T of the alternating signal S C , which is further characterized by a duty cycle a.
  • the duty cycle signal S C thus appears as a direct function of either the light intensity received by the photosensitive sensor or the set value set by the spectacle wearer.
  • the control signal S C is represented in FIG. 4A,
  • This control signal S c then drives the transmission coefficient of the upper zone 10_S of spectacle lenses 10.
  • the transmission coefficient CT S varies, in response to the signal S c , between a value CT MAX during the duration t-, and a value CT min during the duration t 2 , with the same duty cycle has the signal S c and the same frequency v.
  • the CT MAX value is that for which the spectacle lenses 10 have their maximum transparency. In most cases, liquid crystal displays have this state in the absence of any electrical excitation, that is to say in the state of rest, and are opaque only under the effect of a field electric. In these cases, the CT MAX value corresponds to a minimum excitation of the liquid crystals constituting the spectacle lenses 10.
  • the state of rest of a liquid crystal screen may be one where they exhibit their maximum opacity, becoming transparent only under the effect of an electric field.
  • the CT MAX value corresponds to a maximum excitation of the liquid crystals constituting the upper zone 10_S of spectacle lenses 10.
  • FIG. 4B thus represents the variation of the transmission coefficient CT S of the upper zone 10_S of spectacle lenses 10, and not the variation of the excitation signal of these spectacle lenses.
  • the spectacle wearer can therefore observe the scene in front of him through glasses glasses 10, whose upper zone 10_S has an adjusted transmission coefficient:
  • the automatic or manual variation of the transmission coefficient CT S of the upper zone 10_S of spectacle lenses 10 is thus obtained by a succession of states of maximum and minimum transparency of these spectacle lenses, at a frequency v and with a duty cycle. at .
  • the frequency v is chosen high enough to avoid any flicker phenomenon for the wearer of glasses.
  • the frequency v will for example be greater than 100 Hz to fully benefit from the phenomenon of retinal persistence.
  • the automatic or manual variation of the transmission coefficient CT M of the median zone 10_M of the spectacle lenses 10 is obtained in the same way, by a succession of states of maximum and minimum transparency of this zone 10_M of the spectacle lenses 10, to the same frequency v.
  • the duty cycle ( CT M ) of the transmission coefficient CT M of the median zone 10_M is a simple function of the cyclic ratio (CT S ) of the transmission coefficient CT S of the median zone 10_S, for example:
  • the lower zone 0 I does not comprise liquid crystals and is constituted for example by a simple transparent glass, the value of the transmission coefficient CT
  • this area can then reach a value close to 100%.
  • adaptive optical filter for spectacle lens comprising at least two zones
  • the transmission coefficient of the adaptive optical filter is adjusted in real time according to the brightness of the scene observed by the wearer of glasses: plus the brightness is higher, the more the adaptive optical filter is obscured, and vice versa.
  • a third zone 10_M in which the light transmission coefficient CT M is variable, its value remaining at any moment between the values of the transmission coefficients. adjacent areas 0 I and 10_S.
  • fixed and minimal, and the upper zone 10_S with variable transmission coefficient CT S each intermediate zone having a light transmission coefficient comprised between the transmission coefficients of the adjacent zones.
  • Micro-Opto-Electromechanical systems also known by the acronym MOEMS or MEMS
  • MOEMS Micro-Opto-Electromechanical systems
  • FIG. 5 Such systems are described, for example, in US Pat. No. 4,248,501 or US Pat. No. 5,784,189, to which reference may be made.
  • Such systems are also controllable by an electronic signal, and their light transmittance can be controlled at frequencies and with cyclic ratios compatible with the present invention.

Abstract

The invention relates to an adaptive optical filter (10) for spectacle lenses, comprising at least two different zones (10_M, 10_S), each defined by an instantaneous value of at least one optical property. According to the invention, the optical property (CT) of at least one of the zones (10_M, 10_S) of the adaptive optical filter (10) can vary over time between a maximum value (CTMAX) and a minimum value (CTmin).

Description

Filtre optique adaptatif pour verre de lunettes  Adaptive optical filter for spectacle lenses
Domaine de l'invention La présente invention concerne des filtres optiques, utilisés comme obturateurs optiques pour commander l'atténuation d'une intensité lumineuse, de manière adaptative en réponse à des conditions extérieures ou à la commande d'un utilisateur. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to optical filters, used as optical shutters for controlling the attenuation of a light intensity, adaptively in response to external conditions or to the control of a user.
L'invention peut avantageusement être mise en œuvre dans des dispositifs de pro- tection contre les éblouissements, du type lunettes de soleil. The invention may advantageously be implemented in glare protection devices, such as sunglasses.
État de la technique State of the art
On connaît déjà de nombreux types de lunettes de soleil, utilisant : We already know many types of sunglasses, using:
- de simples verres teintés, de couleur uniforme ou présentant un gradient de coloration,  simple tinted glasses, of uniform color or having a color gradient,
- des verres photochromiques qui se teintent en fonction de la quantité de rayons ultraviolets à laquelle ils sont soumis, et qui retrouvent graduellement leur état clair lorsque l'exposition aux ultraviolets cesse.  - photochromic lenses that are tinted by the amount of ultraviolet light they are exposed to, and which gradually return to their bright state when the exposure to ultraviolet light ceases.
Les documents FR 2 722 581 et WO 98/27452 divulguent des lunettes dont les verres présentent, dans le sens vertical : The documents FR 2 722 581 and WO 98/27452 disclose glasses whose lenses have, in the vertical direction:
- une zone supérieure polarisée,  a polarized upper zone,
- une zone inférieure neutre en polarisation, et  a lower neutral zone in polarization, and
- une zone médiane continûment dégradée en polarisation, de la zone supérieure à la zone inférieure.  a median zone continuously degraded in polarization, from the upper zone to the lower zone.
De telles lunettes permettent à leur utilisateur d'adopter une position de vision, spontanément ou naturellement, autorisant la vision à travers la zone inférieure, et une position de vision volontaire, en inclinant plus ou moins la tête vers le bas, auto- risant : Such glasses allow the user to adopt a vision position, spontaneously or naturally, allowing vision through the lower zone, and a position of voluntary vision, inclining more or less the head downward, allowing:
- soit la vision à travers la zone supérieure, qui atténue fortement les lumières polarisées incidentes ou réfléchies des sources éloignées, - soit la vision à travers la zone médiane, pour moduler au gré du porteur de lunettes le degré d'atténuation des sources situées en champ éloigné, - the vision through the upper zone, which strongly attenuates incident or reflected polarized lights from distant sources, - the vision through the central zone, to modulate at the option of the wearer of glasses the degree of attenuation of the sources situated in a distant field,
- soit la vision à travers la zone inférieure, qui ne présente aucune atténuation pour l'observation du champ proche.  - or the vision through the lower zone, which has no attenuation for the observation of the near field.
Les documents EP 0 341 519, FR 2 693 562 et FR 2 975 792 divulguent des lunettes dont la monture comprend un capteur photosensible et dont les verres comportent une couche de cristaux liquides, le capteur émettant un signal fonction croissante de l'intensité lumineuse qui l'atteint, un circuit électronique pilotant les cristaux liquides de telle manière que la transmittance des cristaux liquides diminue quand l'intensité lumineuse reçue par le capteur augmente. The documents EP 0 341 519, FR 2 693 562 and FR 2 975 792 disclose glasses whose frame comprises a photosensitive sensor and whose glasses comprise a layer of liquid crystals, the sensor emitting a signal increasing function of the luminous intensity which reached, an electronic circuit driving the liquid crystal such that the transmittance of the liquid crystal decreases as the light intensity received by the sensor increases.
Le document FR 2 781 289 divulgue des lunettes dont la monture comprend un capteur photosensible émettant un signal de puissance croissante en fonction de l'intensité lumineuse qui l'atteint, un circuit électronique relié au capteur et émettant un signal secondaire alternatif de puissance croissante avec la puissance du signal émis par le capteur, et des verres comportant un écran électro-optique, le circuit électronique faisant varier la fréquence du signal secondaire, l'augmentation de l'intensité lumineuse se traduisant par une réduction de la transmittance des verres de lunettes. The document FR 2 781 289 discloses glasses whose frame comprises a photosensitive sensor emitting a signal of increasing power as a function of the light intensity which reaches it, an electronic circuit connected to the sensor and emitting an alternating secondary signal of increasing power with the power of the signal emitted by the sensor, and glasses having an electro-optical screen, the electronic circuit varying the frequency of the secondary signal, the increase in light intensity resulting in a reduction of the transmittance of spectacle lenses .
Enfin, le document WO 2012/036638 divulgue des lunettes ophtalmiques à cristaux liquides, dont les verres comportent une zone supérieure pour la vision de loin, une zone inférieure pour la vision de près, et un élément à transparence variable. En mode de vision de près, la zone de lentille pour la vision de loin est opacifiée, et la zone de lentille pour la vision de près est claire ou transparente. En mode de vision de loin, les zones de lentille pour la vision de loin et pour la vision de près sont claires ou transparentes. Le but de ces lunettes est d'encourager le porteur à utiliser la zone supérieure des verres pour la vision de loin, et la zone inférieure pour la vision de près, au lieu d'accommoder en utilisant la zone supérieure, afin de soigner ou prévenir la myopie. Exposé de l'invention Finally, the document WO 2012/036638 discloses ophthalmic glasses with liquid crystals, whose lenses comprise an upper zone for far vision, a lower zone for near vision, and a variable transparency element. In near vision mode, the lens area for far vision is opacified, and the lens area for near vision is clear or transparent. In far vision mode, the lens areas for far vision and near vision are clear or transparent. The purpose of these glasses is to encourage the wearer to use the upper area of the lenses for far vision, and the lower area for near vision, instead of accommodating using the upper area, to heal or prevent myopia. Presentation of the invention
La présente invention se place dans ce contexte et elle a pour but de proposer un filtre optique adaptatif, destiné notamment à constituer un verre de lunette, capable de présenter une transmission de lumière quasiment nulle afin de permettre d'éviter les éblouissements, et une transmission de lumière maximale, et notamment voisine de 100 %, afin de permettre une vision claire en l'absence de source éblouissante dans le champ de vision, le passage d'un état de transmission à l'autre s'effectuant de manière progressive. The present invention is placed in this context and its purpose is to provide an adaptive optical filter, intended in particular to constitute a spectacle lens, capable of having a transmission of almost zero light to prevent glare, and a transmission maximum light, and especially close to 100%, to allow a clear vision in the absence of dazzling source in the field of view, the transition from one transmission state to the other being carried out gradually.
Dans ce but, la présente invention a pour objet un filtre optique adaptatif pour verre de lunette, comprenant au moins deux zones distinctes (10_M, 10_S), l'une étant située préférentiellement au-dessus de l'autre, chacune des zones étant définie par une valeur instantanée d'au moins une propriété optique , la propriété optique étant préférentiellement le coefficient de transmission de la lumière. Selon l'invention, la propriété optique (CT) d'au moins une des zones (10_M, 10_S) du filtre optique adaptatif (10) est variable dans le temps entre une valeur maximale (CTMAX) et une valeur minimale (CTmin). For this purpose, the subject of the present invention is an adaptive optical filter for spectacle lens, comprising at least two distinct zones (10_M, 10_S), one being located preferentially above the other, each of the zones being defined. by an instantaneous value of at least one optical property, the optical property being preferably the transmission coefficient of the light. According to the invention, the optical property (CT) of at least one of the areas (10_M, 10_S) of the adaptive optical filter (10) is variable in time between a maximum value (CTMAX) and a minimum value (CTmin).
Préférentiellement, le coefficient de transmission de la zone inférieure est supérieur à celui de la zone supérieure.  Preferably, the transmission coefficient of the lower zone is greater than that of the upper zone.
Selon d'autres caractéristiques de l'invention, considérées séparément ou en combinaison : According to other features of the invention, considered separately or in combination:
- le coefficient de transmission de la lumière d'au moins une des zones du filtre optique adaptatif est variable selon une modulation de largeur d'impulsions ; - au moins une des zones du filtre optique adaptatif comporte une cellule à cristaux liquides ;  the light transmission coefficient of at least one of the zones of the adaptive optical filter is variable according to a modulation of pulse width; at least one of the zones of the adaptive optical filter comprises a liquid crystal cell;
- au moins une des zones du filtre optique adaptatif comporte un système Mi- cro-Opto-Electro-Mécanique ; - le filtre optique adaptatif comporte deux zones dont le coefficient de transmission de la lumière de chacune d'elles est variable dans le temps entre une valeur maximale et une valeur minimale ; at least one of the areas of the adaptive optical filter comprises a Mioco-Opto-Electromechanical system; the adaptive optical filter comprises two zones whose light transmission coefficient of each of them is variable in time between a maximum value and a minimum value;
- le coefficient de transmission de la lumière d'une des zones est fonction du coefficient de transmission de la lumière de l'autre zone ;  the light transmission coefficient of one of the zones is a function of the light transmission coefficient of the other zone;
- le coefficient de transmission de la lumière d'au moins une des zones du filtre optique adaptatif est fonction du rapport cyclique du cycle de modulation de largeur d'impulsions ;  the light transmission coefficient of at least one of the zones of the adaptive optical filter is a function of the duty cycle of the pulse width modulation cycle;
- le rapport cyclique du cycle de modulation de largeur d'impulsions du coeffi- cient de transmission de la lumière d'une des zones est fonction du rapport cyclique du cycle de modulation de largeur d'impulsions du coefficient de transmission de la lumière d'une zone adjacente ;  the duty cycle of the pulse width modulation cycle of the light transmittance of one of the zones is a function of the duty cycle of the pulse width modulation cycle of the light transmission coefficient of an adjacent area;
- le coefficient de transmission de la lumière est commandé par un signal de commande issu d'un capteur photosensible ;  - The light transmission coefficient is controlled by a control signal from a photosensitive sensor;
- le capteur photosensible émet un signal dont la valeur est fonction de l'intensité lumineuse qu'il reçoit de la scène devant le porteur de lunettes ; the photosensitive sensor emits a signal whose value is a function of the luminous intensity which it receives from the scene in front of the spectacle wearer;
- le coefficient de transmission de la lumière est commandé par un signal de commande manuelle ; the light transmission coefficient is controlled by a manual control signal;
- le filtre optique adaptatif comprend une zone dont le coefficient de transmis- sion de la lumière est constant dans le temps.  the adaptive optical filter comprises a zone whose light transmittance is constant over time.
Brève description des Figures Brief description of the Figures
D'autres buts, caractéristiques et avantages de la présente invention ressortiront clairement de la description qui va maintenant être faite d'un exemple de réalisation donné à titre non limitatif en référence aux dessins annexés sur lesquels : Other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the description which will now be made of an embodiment given without limitation with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
- La Figure 1 schématiquement une vue en perspective d'un filtre optique adaptatif réalisé conformément à la présente invention ;  - Figure 1 schematically a perspective view of an adaptive optical filter made according to the present invention;
- Les Figures 2A et 2B représentent schématiquement une paire de lunettes, incorporant deux filtres réalisés selon la présente invention, dans deux états de fonctionnement ;  - Figures 2A and 2B show schematically a pair of glasses, incorporating two filters made according to the present invention, in two operating states;
- Les Figures 3A et 3B représentent des diagrammes de fonctionnement expliquant les états représentés sur les Figures 2A et 2B ; - Les Figures 4A et 4B représentent des diagrammes de l'évolution temporelle de différents signaux utilisés dans la présente invention, et Figures 3A and 3B show operating diagrams explaining the states shown in Figures 2A and 2B; FIGS. 4A and 4B show diagrams of the time evolution of different signals used in the present invention, and
- La Figure 5 représente schématiquement en perspective, à très grande échelle, le filtre de la Figure 1 , selon un deuxième mode de réalisation ;  - Figure 5 shows schematically in perspective, on a very large scale, the filter of Figure 1, according to a second embodiment;
Description détaillée de modes de réalisation de l'invention DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION
On a représenté sur la Figure 1 une vue schématique en perspective d'un filtre op- tique adaptatif réalisé selon les enseignements de la présente invention. Dans l'exemple non limitatif représenté sur cette Figure, le filtre, désigné dans son ensemble par la référence 10, comporte trois zones : Shown in FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of an adaptive optical filter made in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. In the nonlimiting example shown in this Figure, the filter, designated as a whole by reference numeral 10, comprises three zones:
- une zone inférieure 0 I ,  a lower zone 0 I,
- une zone médiane 10_M, et  a median zone 10_M, and
- une zone supérieure 10_S.  an upper zone 10_S.
La zone inférieure 0 I a un coefficient de transmission fixe CT|, de valeur maximale,. En d'autres termes, la zone inférieure 0 I se laisse traverser par un maximum de lumière. The lower zone 0 I has a fixed transmission coefficient CT | of maximum value. In other words, the lower zone 0 I is traversed by a maximum of light.
La zone supérieure 10_S a un coefficient de transmission de la lumière CTS variable dans le temps, sous la commande d'un signal électrique. Ce coefficient de transmission CTS peut ainsi prendre toute valeur entre une valeur maximale CTMAX, pour laquelle une quantité maximale de lumière est transmise, et une valeur minimale CTMIN, pour laquelle une quantité minimale de lumière est transmise. The upper zone 10_S has a transmission coefficient of the time-varying CT S light under the control of an electrical signal. This transmission coefficient CT S can thus take any value between a maximum value CT MAX , for which a maximum quantity of light is transmitted, and a minimum value CT MIN , for which a minimum quantity of light is transmitted.
La zone médiane 10_M a un coefficient de transmission de la lumière CTM variable dans le temps, de manière à ce que sa valeur instantannée soit toujours comprise entre la valeur fixe CT| et la valeur variable CTS. The median zone 10_M has a time-varying coefficient of transmission of the light M M CT, so that its instantaneous value is always between the fixed value CT | and the variable value CT S.
Le filtre de la figure 1 est destiné à équiper une paire de lunettes, comme on a représenté sur les Figures 2A - 2B et 3A - 3B. On voit sur les Figures 2A et 2B une paire de lunettes, dont chacun des verres incorpore au moins un filtre réalisé selon la présente invention, dans deux états de fonctionnement. On voit : The filter of Figure 1 is intended to equip a pair of glasses, as shown in Figures 2A - 2B and 3A - 3B. FIGS. 2A and 2B show a pair of glasses, each of which incorporates at least one filter made according to the present invention, in two operating states. We see :
- sur la Figure 2A une paire de lunettes, dont chacun des verres comporte une zone inférieure 0 I , une zone médiane 10_M, et une zone supérieure 10_S, et  in FIG. 2A, a pair of spectacles, each of whose glasses comprises a lower zone 0 I, a median zone 10_M, and an upper zone 10_S, and
- sur la Figure 3A l'évolution du coefficient de transmission de ces verres de lunettes selon la ligne ιιι-ιιι de la Figure 2A, les abscisses étant prises le long de cette ligne verticale.  - In Figure 3A the evolution of the transmission coefficient of these glasses glasses according to the line ιιι-ιιι of Figure 2A, the abscissa being taken along this vertical line.
Les Figures 2A et 3A montrent bien que la zone inférieure 0 I possède un coefficient de transmission CT| constant sur toute la hauteur de cette zone inférieure 0 I , et d'une valeur maximale. FIGS. 2A and 3A clearly show that the lower zone 0 I has a transmission coefficient CT | constant over the entire height of this lower zone 0 I, and a maximum value.
De même, la zone supérieure 10_S possède un coefficient de transmission CTS constant sur toute la hauteur de cette zone supérieure 10_S, et de valeur CTS inférieure à la valeur CT, du coefficient de transmission de la zone inférieure 0 I . Dans l'exemple représenté, la valeur CTS du coefficient de transmission de la zone supérieure 10_S est égale à la valeur minimale CTmin. Similarly, the upper zone 10_S has a transmission coefficient CT S constant over the entire height of this upper zone 10_S, and CT value S less than the value CT, of the transmission coefficient of the lower zone 0 I. In the example shown, the value CT S of the transmission coefficient of the upper zone 10_S is equal to the minimum value CT min .
La zone médiane 10_M possède un coefficient de transmission CTM variable, et dont la valeur est comprise entre les valeurs des coefficients de transmission CT| et CTS des zones inférieure et supérieure 0 I et 10_S adjacentes. Par exemple, la valeur instantannée de CTM pourra être égale à tout instant à la moyenne arithmétique des valeurs CT, et CTS. The median zone 10_M has a variable transmission coefficient CT M , the value of which lies between the values of the transmission coefficients CT | and CT S of the adjacent lower and upper 0 I and 10_S areas. For example, the instantaneous value of CT M may be equal at any instant to the arithmetic mean of the values CT, and CT S.
Conformément à la présente invention, et comme on l'a déjà mentionné plus haut, les coefficients de transmission CTS de la zone supérieure 10_S et CTM de la zone médiane 10_M sont variables dans le temps, de telle sorte que : According to the present invention, and as already mentioned above, the transmission coefficients CT S of the upper zone 10_S and CT M of the median zone 10_M are variable in time, so that:
- le coefficient de transmission de la lumière CTS de la zone supérieure 10_S est variable dans le temps, et peut prendre toute valeur comprise entre une valeur maximale CTMAX, pour laquelle une quantité maximale de lumière est transmise, et une valeur minimale CTMIN, pour laquelle une quantité minimale de lumière est transmise, et the transmission coefficient of the light CT S of the upper zone 10_S is variable in time, and can take any value between maximum value CT MAX , for which a maximum quantity of light is transmitted, and a minimum value CT MIN , for which a minimum quantity of light is transmitted, and
- le coefficient de transmission de la lumière CTM de la zone médiane 10_M est constamment compris entre : the transmission coefficient of the CT M light of the median zone 10_M is constantly between:
o la valeur instantannée variable CTS du coefficient de transmission de lumière de la zone supérieure 10_S, et o the instantaneous variable value CT S of the light transmission coefficient of the upper zone 10_S, and
o la valeur maximale fixe CT, du coefficient de transmission de lumière de la zone inférieure 0 I .  o the fixed maximum value CT, of the light transmission coefficient of the lower zone 0 I.
- le coefficient de transmission de la lumière CTM étant par exemple égal à la moyenne arithmétique des valeurs constante CT| et variable CTS the transmission coefficient of the light CT M being for example equal to the arithmetic mean of the constant values CT | and variable CT S
C'est bien ce que l'on peut voir sur les Figures 2B et 3B, d'où il ressort que : This is what can be seen in Figures 2B and 3B, which shows that:
- le coefficient de transmission de lumière CTS a pris sa valeur maximale CTMAX, et que the light transmission coefficient CT S has its maximum value CTMAX, and that
- le coefficient de transmission de lumière CTM est encore compris entre la nouvelle valeur CTS du coefficient de transmission de la zone supérieure 10_S et la valeur constante CT| du coefficient de transmission de la zone inférieure 0 I . - the light transmission coefficient CT M is still between the new value CT S of the transmission coefficient of the upper zone 10_S and the constant value CT | the transmission coefficient of the lower zone 0 I.
On a donc bien réalisé selon l'invention un verre de lunettes à filtre optique adaptatif, capable de présenter : It has therefore been realized according to the invention a glass of adaptive optical filter glasses, capable of presenting:
- dans sa zone supérieure 10_S, un coefficient de transmission de lumière CTS variable entre : in its upper zone 10_S, a variable CT S light transmission coefficient between:
o une valeur minimale CTMIN quasiment nulle afin d'éviter les éblouisse- ments par des sources lumineuses dans le champ de vision du porteur de lunettes, et a minimum CT MIN value of almost zero in order to avoid glare from light sources in the eyeglass wearer's field of vision, and
o une valeur maximale CTMAX permise par la technologie utilisée pour faire varier ce coefficient de transmission afin de permettre au porteur de lunettes d'observer le champ lointain dans la scène devant lui,a maximum value CT MAX permitted by the technology used to vary this transmission coefficient in order to allow the spectacle wearer to observe the far field in the scene in front of him,
- dans sa zone inférieure 0 I , un coefficient de transmission de lumière CT| constant, de valeur maximale, afin de permettre au porteur de lunettes de distinguer parfaitement les objets dans le champ proche devant lui, et - dans sa zone médiane 10_M, un coefficient de transmission de lumière CTM, dont la valeur est à tout instant comprise entre la valeur constante CT| du coefficient de transmission de la zone inférieure 0 I et la valeur variable CTS du coefficient de transmission de la zone supérieure 10_S, afin d'éviter au porteur de lunettes une variation brusque de l'atténuation procurée par les zones inférieure 0 I et supérieure 10_S, quelle que soit l'atténuation apportée par cette dernière. in its lower zone 0 I, a light transmission coefficient CT | constant, of maximum value, to allow the spectacle wearer to perfectly distinguish the objects in the near field in front of him, and in its median zone 10_M, a light transmission coefficient CT M , the value of which is at all times between the constant value CT | the transmission coefficient of the lower zone 0 I and the variable value CT S of the transmission coefficient of the upper zone 10_S, in order to prevent the wearer of glasses from a sudden variation of the attenuation provided by the zones lower than 0 I and higher 10_S, whatever the attenuation brought by the latter.
Diverses technologies permettent de réaliser filtres, parexemple pour réaliser des verres de lunettes, à coefficient de transmission variable dans le temps pour mettre en œuvre l'invention qui vient d'être décrite. Various technologies make it possible to produce filters, for example to produce spectacle lenses, with a variable transmission coefficient over time in order to implement the invention that has just been described.
Selon un premier mode de réalisation, on pourra utiliser des cellules à cristaux liquides comme matériaux constituants des verres de lunettes, commandés par un signal électrique. According to a first embodiment, it is possible to use liquid crystal cells as constituent materials of spectacle lenses, controlled by an electrical signal.
De façon classique, une cellule à cristaux liquides comporte deux filtres polarisants, un polariseur et un analyseur, enfermant une couche de cristal liquide. Des électrodes transparentes sont déposées sur les faces des filtres polarisants tournées vers la couche de cristal liquide, et l'application d'un champ électrique entre ces deux électrodes permet de faire basculer l'état de polarisation de la couche de cristal liquide, et donc de modifier le coefficient de transmission de la lumière par la cellule, entre une valeur nulle, pour laquelle la cellule est opaque, et une valeur maximale, pour laquelle la cellule a une transparence maximale. Conventionally, a liquid crystal cell comprises two polarizing filters, a polarizer and an analyzer, enclosing a layer of liquid crystal. Transparent electrodes are deposited on the faces of the polarizing filters facing the liquid crystal layer, and the application of an electric field between these two electrodes makes it possible to switch the polarization state of the liquid crystal layer, and therefore to modify the coefficient of transmission of light by the cell, between a zero value, for which the cell is opaque, and a maximum value, for which the cell has a maximum transparency.
De préférence, on utilisera pour le signal électrique de commande du coefficient de transmission du cristal liquide 16s ou 16M un signal numérique, c'est-à-dire alternatif, de préférence en modulation de largeur d'impulsions PWM (pour l'expression anglo-saxonne « Puise Width Modulation »), à une fréquence prédéterminée, con- formément aux diagrammes des Figures 4A et 4B. Preferably, for the electric control signal of the transmission coefficient of the liquid crystal 16 s or 16 M, a digital signal, that is to say an alternating signal, preferably in PWM pulse width modulation (for the English expression "Pulse Width Modulation"), at a predetermined frequency, in accordance with the diagrams of Figures 4A and 4B.
Dans la description qui suit, on ne décrira que la commande du coefficient de transmission CTS de la zone supérieure 10_S. Ces explications seront facilement trans- posables à la commande du coefficient de transmission CTM de la zone médiane 1 0 M . In the description which follows, only the control of the transmission coefficient CT S of the upper zone 10_S will be described. These explanations will easily be posables at the control of the transmission coefficient CT M of the median area 1 0 M.
Le signal électrique de commande pourra être issu d'une commande manuelle (non représentée), actionnée directement par le porteur de lunettes, pour commander le coefficient de transmission de la zone supérieure 1 0_S. The electrical control signal may be derived from a manual control (not shown), actuated directly by the spectacle wearer, to control the transmission coefficient of the upper zone 10_S.
De préférence, le signal électrique de commande pourra être issu d'un capteur photosensible (non représenté), émettant un signal dont la valeur est fonction de l'intensité lumineuse qu'il reçoit de la scène devant le porteur de lunettes, et associé à un circuit qui transforme ce signal en un signal numérique de commande SC codé en PWM, pour commander automatiquement le coefficient de transmission du filtre composant une zone du verre de lunette, et en particulier de sa zone supérieure 1 0_S, en fonction de la luminosité émanant de la scène située devant le porteur de lunettes. Preferably, the electrical control signal may be issued from a photosensitive sensor (not shown), emitting a signal whose value is a function of the light intensity it receives from the scene in front of the spectacle wearer, and associated with a circuit which converts this signal into a digital control signal S C encoded in PWM, for automatically controlling the transmission coefficient of the filter comprising a zone of the spectacle lens, and in particular of its upper zone 1 0_S, as a function of the luminosity emanating from the scene in front of the eyeglass wearer.
Comme on le voit sur la Figure 4A, ce signal de commande SC varie entre une valeur SCMAX pendant une durée t-, et une valeur SCmin pendant une durée t2, la somme des durées t-, et t2 définissant la période T du signal alternatif SC, qui est de plus caracté- risé par un rapport cyclique a. As seen in FIG. 4A, this control signal S C varies between a value S CMAX for a duration t-, and a value S Cm in for a duration t 2 , the sum of the durations t- and t 2 defining the period T of the alternating signal S C , which is further characterized by a duty cycle a.
On rappelle que le rapport cyclique a du signal SC est déterminé par le ratio entre la durée t-, pendant laquelle le signal est maximal, et la durée T de la période, et varie donc de 0 à 1 00 % : a = * It is recalled that the cyclic ratio a of the signal S C is determined by the ratio between the duration t-, during which the signal is maximum, and the duration T of the period, and thus varies from 0 to 100%: a = *
T  T
Le rapport cyclique a du signal SC apparaît ainsi comme une fonction directe soit de l'intensité lumineuse reçue par le capteur photosensible, soit de la valeur de consigne fixée par le porteur de lunettes. Le signal de commande SC est représenté sur la Figure 4A, The duty cycle signal S C thus appears as a direct function of either the light intensity received by the photosensitive sensor or the set value set by the spectacle wearer. The control signal S C is represented in FIG. 4A,
- modulé en modulation de largeur d'impulsions PWM, - à une fréquence prédéterminée v =— et - modulated PWM pulse width modulation, at a predetermined frequency v = - and
- avec un rapport cyclique a , conformément au diagramme de la Figure 4A. with a duty cycle a, according to the diagram of Figure 4A.
Ce signal de commande Sc pilote alors le coefficient de transmission de la zone su- périeure 10_S des verres de lunettes 10. This control signal S c then drives the transmission coefficient of the upper zone 10_S of spectacle lenses 10.
Comme on l'a représenté sur la Figure 4B, le coefficient de transmission CTS varie, en réponse au signal Sc, entre une valeur CTMAX pendant la durée t-, et une valeur CTmin pendant la durée t2, avec le même rapport cyclique a que le signal Sc et la même fréquence v . As shown in FIG. 4B, the transmission coefficient CT S varies, in response to the signal S c , between a value CT MAX during the duration t-, and a value CT min during the duration t 2 , with the same duty cycle has the signal S c and the same frequency v.
La valeur CTMAX est celle pour laquelle les verres de lunettes 10 ont leur transparence maximale. Dans la plupart des cas, des écrans à cristaux liquides ont cet état en l'absence de toute excitation électrique, c'est-à-dire à l'état de repos, et ne sont opaques que sous l'effet d'un champ électrique. Dans ces cas, la valeur CTMAX correspond à une excitation minimale des cristaux liquides constituant les verres de lunettes 10. The CT MAX value is that for which the spectacle lenses 10 have their maximum transparency. In most cases, liquid crystal displays have this state in the absence of any electrical excitation, that is to say in the state of rest, and are opaque only under the effect of a field electric. In these cases, the CT MAX value corresponds to a minimum excitation of the liquid crystals constituting the spectacle lenses 10.
Dans certains cas, l'état de repos d'un écran à cristaux liquides pourra être celui où ils présentent leur opacité maximale, ne devenant transparents que sous l'effet d'un champ électrique. Dans cette éventualité, la valeur CTMAX correspond à une excitation maximale des cristaux liquides constituant la zone supérieure 10_S des verres de lunettes 10. Les explications qui précèdent s'appliquent, mutatis mutandis, à la valeur CTmin du coefficient de transmission des verres de lunettes 10. In some cases, the state of rest of a liquid crystal screen may be one where they exhibit their maximum opacity, becoming transparent only under the effect of an electric field. In this event, the CT MAX value corresponds to a maximum excitation of the liquid crystals constituting the upper zone 10_S of spectacle lenses 10. The foregoing explanations apply, mutatis mutandis, to the value CT min of the transmission coefficient of the glasses of glasses 10.
Le diagramme de la Figure 4B représente ainsi la variation du coefficient de transmission CTS de la zone supérieure 10_S des verres de lunettes 10, et non la varia- tion du signal d'excitation de ces verres de lunettes. Le porteur de lunettes peut donc observer la scène devant lui au travers des verres de lunettes 10, dont la zone supérieure 10_S a un coefficient de transmission ajusté : The diagram of FIG. 4B thus represents the variation of the transmission coefficient CT S of the upper zone 10_S of spectacle lenses 10, and not the variation of the excitation signal of these spectacle lenses. The spectacle wearer can therefore observe the scene in front of him through glasses glasses 10, whose upper zone 10_S has an adjusted transmission coefficient:
- soit en temps réel en fonction de la luminosité de la scène : plus cette scène est lumineuse, plus les zones supérieures 10_S des verres de lunettes à transmission variable atténuent la lumière parvenant au porteur de lunettes, either in real time according to the brightness of the scene: the brighter this scene is, the higher the zones 10_S of glasses of variable transmission glasses attenuate the light reaching the wearer of glasses,
- soit selon la valeur de consigne imposée par le porteur de lunettes, en fonction de l'atténuation qu'il désire voir apportée par la zone supérieure 10_S des verres 10. - Or according to the set value imposed by the wearer of glasses, depending on the attenuation he wants to see provided by the upper zone 10_S of the glasses 10.
La variation automatique ou manuelle du coefficient de transmission CTS de la zone supérieure 10_S des verres de lunettes 10 est ainsi obtenue par une succession d'états de transparence maximale et minimale de ces verres de lunettes, à une fréquence v et avec un rapport cyclique a . La fréquence v est choisie suffisamment élevée pour éviter tout phénomène de scintillement pour le porteur de lunettes. La fréquence v sera par exemple supérieure à 100 Hz pour bénéficier pleinement du phénomène de persistance rétinienne. The automatic or manual variation of the transmission coefficient CT S of the upper zone 10_S of spectacle lenses 10 is thus obtained by a succession of states of maximum and minimum transparency of these spectacle lenses, at a frequency v and with a duty cycle. at . The frequency v is chosen high enough to avoid any flicker phenomenon for the wearer of glasses. The frequency v will for example be greater than 100 Hz to fully benefit from the phenomenon of retinal persistence.
Il en résulte que le coefficient de transmission moyen, perçu par le porteur de lu- nettes, pourra varier entre CTmin pour a =0 et CTMAX pour a =100. As a result, the average transmission coefficient, perceived by the carrier of glasses, can vary between CTmin for a = 0 and CT MAX for a = 100.
La variation automatique ou manuelle du coefficient de transmission CTM de la zone médiane 10_M des verres de lunettes 10 est obtenue de la même manière, par une succession d'états de transparence maximale et minimale de cette zone 10_M des verres de lunettes 10, à la même fréquence v . The automatic or manual variation of the transmission coefficient CT M of the median zone 10_M of the spectacle lenses 10 is obtained in the same way, by a succession of states of maximum and minimum transparency of this zone 10_M of the spectacle lenses 10, to the same frequency v.
Pour obtenir un coefficient de tansmission CTM de la zone 10_M dont la valeur soit toujours comprise entre les valeurs des coefficients de transmission des zones adjacentes 0 I et 10_S, selon un exemple de réalisation, on pourra faire en sorte que le rapport cyclique a (CTM) du coefficient de transmission CTM de la zone médiane 10_M soit une fonction simple du rapport cycliquea (CTS) du coefficient de transmission CTS de la zone médiane 10_S, par exemple : To obtain a transmission coefficient CT M of the zone 10_M, the value of which is always between the values of the transmission coefficients of the adjacent zones 0 I and 10_S, according to an exemplary embodiment, it will be possible to make the duty cycle ( CT M ) of the transmission coefficient CT M of the median zone 10_M is a simple function of the cyclic ratio (CT S ) of the transmission coefficient CT S of the median zone 10_S, for example:
Selon une variante de réalisation, la zone inférieure 0 I ne comporte pas de cristaux liquides et est constituée par exemple par un simple verre transparent, la valeur du coefficient de transmission CT| de cette zone pouvant alors atteindre une valeur proche de 100 %.  According to an alternative embodiment, the lower zone 0 I does not comprise liquid crystals and is constituted for example by a simple transparent glass, the value of the transmission coefficient CT | this area can then reach a value close to 100%.
On a donc bien réalisé selon l'invention filtre optique adaptatif pour verre de lunettes, comprenant au moins deux zones, It has therefore been realized according to the invention adaptive optical filter for spectacle lens, comprising at least two zones,
- une zone 0 I dans laquelle le coefficient de transmission de lumière CT| est constant, de valeur maximale, de préférence voisine de 100%, afin de permettre au porteur de lunettes de distinguer parfaitement les objets dans le champ proche devant lui, et  a zone 0 I in which the light transmission coefficient CT | is constant, of maximum value, preferably close to 100%, in order to allow the spectacle wearer to perfectly distinguish the objects in the near field in front of him, and
- une zone 10_S dans laquelle le coefficient de transmission de lumière CTS est variable entre : a zone 10_S in which the light transmission coefficient CT S is variable between:
o une valeur minimale CTMIN quasiment nulle afin d'éviter les éblouisse- ments par des sources lumineuses dans le champ de vision lointain du porteur de lunettes, et a minimum CT MIN value of almost zero in order to avoid glare from light sources in the distant field of vision of the spectacle wearer, and
o une valeur maximale CTMAX permise par la technologie utilisée pour faire varier ce coefficient de transmission afin de permettre au porteur de lunettes d'observer le champ lointain dans la scène devant lui. o a maximum CT MAX value allowed by the technology used to vary this transmission coefficient in order to allow the spectacle wearer to observe the far field in the scene in front of him.
Si le signal de commande du coefficient de transmission est issu d'un capteur de luminosité, le coefficient de transmission du filtre optique adaptatif est ajusté en temps réel en fonction de la luminosité de la scène observée par le porteur de lu- nettes : plus la luminosité est élevée, plus le filtre optique adaptatif est obscurci, et inversement. If the control signal of the transmission coefficient is derived from a brightness sensor, the transmission coefficient of the adaptive optical filter is adjusted in real time according to the brightness of the scene observed by the wearer of glasses: plus the brightness is higher, the more the adaptive optical filter is obscured, and vice versa.
Pour le confort du porteur de lunettes, il est possible selon la présente invention d'ajouter une troisième zone 10_M, dans laquelle le coefficient de transmission de lumière CTM est variable, sa valeur restant à tout instant comprise entre les valeurs des coefficients de transmission des zones adjacentes 0 I et 10_S. Pour un confort encore meilleur du porteur de lunettes, on pourra multiplier le nombre de zones intermédiaires, entre la zone inférieure 0 I à coefficent de transmission CT| fixe et minimal, et la zone supérieure 10_S à coefficient de transmission CTS variable, chaque zone intermédiaire ayant un coefficient de transmission de la lumière compris entre les coefficients de transmission des zones adjacentes. For the comfort of the spectacle wearer, it is possible according to the present invention to add a third zone 10_M, in which the light transmission coefficient CT M is variable, its value remaining at any moment between the values of the transmission coefficients. adjacent areas 0 I and 10_S. For an even better comfort of the wearer of glasses, it will be possible to multiply the number of intermediate zones, between the lower zone 0 I with coefficient of transmission CT | fixed and minimal, and the upper zone 10_S with variable transmission coefficient CT S , each intermediate zone having a light transmission coefficient comprised between the transmission coefficients of the adjacent zones.
D'autres modes de réalisation de l'invention peuvent être envisagés pour obtenir le même résultat. Au lieu d'utiliser des cellules à cristaux liquides comme matériaux à coefficent de transmission varriable, on pourra utiliser des systèmes Micro-Opto-Electro- Mécaniques (aussi connus sous l'acronyme MOEMS ou MEMS), tels que celui qui est schématisé sur la figure 5. De tels systèmes sont décrits par exemple dans les documents US 4 248 501 ou US 5 784 189 auxquels on pourra se reporter. Other embodiments of the invention may be envisaged to obtain the same result. Instead of using liquid crystal cells as materials with variable transmission, Micro-Opto-Electromechanical systems (also known by the acronym MOEMS or MEMS) can be used, such as that which is schematized on the FIG. 5. Such systems are described, for example, in US Pat. No. 4,248,501 or US Pat. No. 5,784,189, to which reference may be made.
De tels systèmes sont également commandables par un signal électronique, et leur coefficient de transmission de la lumière peut être commandé à des fréquences et avec des rapports cycliques compatibles avec la présente invention. Such systems are also controllable by an electronic signal, and their light transmittance can be controlled at frequencies and with cyclic ratios compatible with the present invention.
Bien entendu, la présente invention n'est pas limitée aux modes de réalisation qui ont été décrits, mais l'homme du métier pourra au contraire lui apporter de nombreuses modifications qui rentrent dans son cadre. Of course, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments that have been described, but the skilled person may instead make many changes that fall within its scope.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1 - Filtre optique adaptatif (10) pour verre de lunette, comprenant au moins deux zones distinctes (10_M, 10_S), chacune étant définie par une valeur instantanée d'au moins une propriété optique, 1 - Adaptive optical filter (10) for spectacle lens, comprising at least two distinct zones (10_M, 10_S), each being defined by an instantaneous value of at least one optical property,
caractérisé en ce que la propriété optique (CT) d'au moins une des zones (10_M, 10_S) du filtre optique adaptatif (10) est variable dans le temps entre une valeur maximale (CTMAX) et une valeur minimale (CTMIN). 2 - Filtre optique adaptatif (10) selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que la propriété optique est le coefficient de transmission (CT) de la lumière characterized in that the optical property (CT) of at least one of the areas (10_M, 10_S) of the adaptive optical filter (10) is variable in time between a maximum value (CT MAX ) and a minimum value (CT MIN ) . 2 - adaptive optical filter (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that the optical property is the transmission coefficient (CT) of the light
3 - Filtre optique adaptatif selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le coefficient de transmission (CT) de la lumière d'au moins une des zones (10_M, 10_S) du filtre optique adaptatif (10) est variable selon une modulation de largeur d'impulsions (PWM). 3 - adaptive optical filter according to claim 2, characterized in that the transmission coefficient (CT) of the light of at least one of the areas (10_M, 10_S) of the adaptive optical filter (10) is variable according to a width modulation pulses (PWM).
4 - Filtre optique adaptatif selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que au moins une des zones (10_M, 10_S) du filtre optique adaptatif (10) comporte une cellule à cristaux liquides. 4 - adaptive optical filter according to claim 2, characterized in that at least one of the areas (10_M, 10_S) of the adaptive optical filter (10) comprises a liquid crystal cell.
5 - Filtre optique adaptatif selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que au moins une des zones (10_M, 10_S) du filtre optique adaptatif (10) comporte un système Micro-Opto-Electro-Mécanique (MEMS). 5 - adaptive optical filter according to claim 2, characterized in that at least one of the areas (10_M, 10_S) of the adaptive optical filter (10) comprises a Micro-Opto-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS).
6 - Filtre optique adaptatif selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte deux zones (10_M, 10_S) dont le coefficient de transmission (CT) de la lumière de chacune d'elles (10_M, 10_S) est variable dans le temps entre une valeur maximale (CTMAX) et une valeur minimale (CTMIN). 6 - Adaptive optical filter according to claim 2, characterized in that it comprises two zones (10_M, 10_S) whose transmission coefficient (CT) of the light of each of them (10_M, 10_S) is variable in time between a maximum value (CT MAX ) and a minimum value (CT MIN ).
7 - Filtre optique adaptatif selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que le coefficient de transmission (CT) de la lumière d'une des zones (10_M) est fonction du coefficient de transmission (CT) de la lumière de l'autre zone (10_S). 8 - Filtre optique adaptatif selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que le coefficient de transmission (CT) de la lumière d'au moins une des zones (10_M, 10_S) du filtre optique adaptatif (10) est fonction du rapport cyclique (a) du cycle de modula- tion de largeur d'impulsions (PWM). 7 - Adaptive optical filter according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the transmission coefficient (CT) of the light of one of the zones (10_M) is a function of the transmission coefficient (CT) of the light of the other zone ( 10_S). 8 - adaptive optical filter according to claim 3, characterized in that the transmission coefficient (CT) of the light of at least one of the zones (10_M, 10_S) of the adaptive optical filter (10) is a function of the duty cycle (a ) of the Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) cycle.
9 - Filtre optique adaptatif selon les revendications 7 et 8, caractérisé en ce que le rapport cyclique (a) du cycle de modulation de largeur d'impulsions (PWM) du coefficient de transmission (CT) de la lumière d'une des zones (10_M) est fonction du rapport cyclique (a) du cycle de modulation de largeur d'impulsions (PWM) du coefficient de transmission (CT) de la lumière d'une zone adjacente (10_S) 9 - adaptive optical filter according to claims 7 and 8, characterized in that the duty cycle (a) of the pulse width modulation (PWM) cycle of the transmission coefficient (CT) of the light of one of the zones ( 10_M) is a function of the duty cycle (a) of the pulse width modulation (PWM) cycle of the transmission coefficient (CT) of the light of an adjacent area (10_S)
10 - Filtre optique adaptatif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le coefficient de transmission de la lumière est commandé par un signal de commande issu d'un capteur photosensible. 10 - Adaptive optical filter according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the light transmission coefficient is controlled by a control signal from a photosensitive sensor.
1 1 - Filtre optique adaptatif selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que le capteur photosensible émet un signal dont la valeur est fonction de l'intensité lumineuse qu'il reçoit de la scène devant le porteur de lunettes. 1 1 - Adaptive optical filter according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the photosensitive sensor emits a signal whose value is a function of the light intensity it receives from the scene in front of the spectacle wearer.
12 - Filtre optique adaptatif l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que le coefficient de transmission de la lumière est commandé par un signal de commande manuelle. 13 - Filtre optique adaptatif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en qu'il comprend une zone ( 0 I ) dont le coefficient de transmission de la lumière (CT|) est constant dans le temps. 12 - Adaptive optical filter according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the light transmittance is controlled by a manual control signal. 13 - adaptive optical filter according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a zone (0 I) whose light transmission coefficient (CT |) is constant in time.
EP14777072.1A 2013-09-26 2014-09-26 Adaptive optical filter for spectacle lenses Withdrawn EP3049862A1 (en)

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FR1359258A FR3011095B1 (en) 2013-09-26 2013-09-26 ADAPTIVE OPTICAL FILTER FOR GLASSES OF GLASSES
PCT/EP2014/070631 WO2015044354A1 (en) 2013-09-26 2014-09-26 Adaptive optical filter for spectacle lenses

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EP (1) EP3049862A1 (en)
JP (1) JP6502328B2 (en)
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JP2016535289A (en) 2016-11-10
JP6502328B2 (en) 2019-04-17
CN105579894A (en) 2016-05-11
WO2015044354A1 (en) 2015-04-02
KR20160063330A (en) 2016-06-03
FR3011095A1 (en) 2015-03-27
US9915831B2 (en) 2018-03-13
FR3011095B1 (en) 2016-12-23
US20160202497A1 (en) 2016-07-14

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